Information Literacy
Margins: APA
1 inch at top, bottom, left, and right of each page
Typeface: APA
12 point Times new Roman font
IP address
Internet protocol address; takes the form of four sets of numbers separated by dots.; this is the number that allows you to send and receive info via the internet
Books
cover virtually any topic, fact or fiction
what is intellectual property?
creations of the mind and protections for such creations
what is self plagiarism?
presenting your own previously published work as if it were new.
what are the best library resources to use when starting research?
print; electronic
what is the internet?
an international network of computers that are interconnected to communicate with each other
what is the most common type of database that I will encounter form a library?
an online research database, sometimes known as an index
how will knowing what type of info i'm looking for help with my research?
it will make my selection easier
copyright
a form of legal protection that allows authors, photographers, composers, and other creators to control some reproduction and distribution of their work
what do the millions of web pages on the internet make up?
a hodgepodge of information and opinion
what are examples of protocols?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol: http; Uniform Resource Locators: URL; Hypertext Markup Language: HTML; File Transfer Protocol: FTP
what do I do if I see that my search terms are also subject terms?
I can change the field to subject.
a method of online communication with one or more people using special software on an internet connected computer
what do many search engines give the option of?
searching by using a directory. They are referred to as hybrids
world wide web: WWW
a protocol for accessing the internet. It is a network of internet servers allowing documents formatted in hypertext markup language HTML to be linked to other documents, graphics, audio, etc.
magazine
a collection of articles and images about diverse topics of popular interest and current events; usually written by several types of writers including journalists or scholars and geared toward general audiences of all ages; may cover very serious material
Journal
a collection of articles usually written by scholars in an academic or professional field.
Database
a collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data; think of it as an electronic filing system.
Information Literacy
a set of abilities requireing individuals to "recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information"
trade publication
a type of magazine that gives practical industry related information to people in a particular field; called periodicals because they are published on a regular basis
What identifies each web page?
a unique address referred to as the URL or Uniform Resource Locator.
what is excelsior college library's multidisciplinary database called?
academic source complete
what does the use of the Web allow?
access to most types of information on the internet through a browser; the ability to quickly link to other related information; contains information beyond plain text, inluding sounds, images and video
what is the key criteria used to determine if an article is scholarly?
accountability; content of the specific article
Secondary source
accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight; not interpretations and evaluations of primary sources; not evidence, but rather commentary on and discussion on evidence; defined strongly by the context.
wikipedia
an open access encyclopedia where factual information can be posted/edited by anyone. Information is tracked by main editors but can take time to update. Evaluate all material to determine if it is valid/reliable for research
library catalog
an organized an searchable collection of records of items in a library
purpose and character of use
analysis of whether the use was of a commercial or nonprofit, educational nature, and to what degree the borrowed information was transformed. Fair use would be for teaching, scholarship, research, comment, news reporting.
effect upon potential market
answers the question about if and how much profitability damage is created by the use of the copyrighted material
who can publish information on the internet?
anyone
running head or header: APA
appears on all pages of the manuscript but place the words "Running Head" on the title page only. the rest of the pages in the essay feature only the abbreviated title in all caps against the left margin and the page number against the right margin
why is it important to evaluate the type of information you are collecting for research?
because it is not always a clear cut process; a source can be reliable but not appropriate to cite in a paper.
what kind of books are good for research purposes?
books that synthesize all the information on one topic to support a particular argument or thesis.
what does a library catalog include?
books; journals; electronic resources; maps; any other material a library owns
what are examples of purpose that opposes fair use?
commercial activity; profiting from the use; entertainment; bad faith behavior; denying credit to original author;
what does not need to be cited?
common knowledge; your own experimental findings; writing of your own experiences, observations, insights, thoughts, or conclusions about a subject; when compiling generally accepted facts
databases
consist of collections of resources generally used for research or fact finding
Line Spacing: APA
double spaced
what does copyright do?
gives authors of "original works of authorship"protection for a period of time; protects the expression of an idea that is recorded n a tangible medium that you can see like a printed book, website, or image. does not protect ideas; protects both published and unpublished works;
what are protocols?
sets of rules that standardize how computers communicate with one another across a network.
In-text citation
the material cited within the paper
How is data exchanged across the internet?
using protocols
when is it important to use connector words?
when combining ideas
dynamic IP address
changes periodically
what is another way to find approved subject headings or terms for my topic?
check out a relevant article: look at the subject headings listed in one good article from my initial search results. After finding an article that is on target, use the same subject headings that describe that article in a new search. This will produce more relevant results
encryption
coded information which scrambles the letters to be unreadable, unless a special decoding key is used to unscramble the information. Secure websites that ask your personal information generally use encryption such as banks, retailers, ect.
encyclopedias
collections of short, factual entries often written by different contributors who are knowledgeable about the topic.
tertiary source
consist of information which is a distillation and collection of primary and secondary sources
How do I know what symbols to use when searching?
consult the help menu
subject encyclopedias
contain overviews and in depth entries focusing on one field of study.
in text citations
document all summarized, paraphrased, and quoted material with correct in text citation: review formatting in APA manual or OWL; place a period after each citation, except for block quotes
objectivity
does the author have a bias. can sometimes be sutle?; does the publication have an agenda to push?
Authority
does the person have any idea what he/she is talking about?; do they have education/professional qualifications?; do they have a history of publications/projects?
how can phishing emails be reported?
forward them to [email protected] and to the company, bank, or organization being impersonated.
how can you reduce the risk of identity theft?
freeze access to your credit reports with a security freeze
how long does a copyright last?
from the moment a work is created until 70 years after the death of the author; if work is produced by a company/employer it is 95 years from the date of publication
how may research databases provide information?
full test of materials; citations, but not the full text
what are the two types of encyclopedias?
general; subject
truncation
gives variations of the word in search results; using the base part of the word, change the ending to a symbol. This indicates the database to search for multiple endings of the base word
what are examples of types of materials?
government documents; conference proceedings; electronic books; magazine; journal articles
how does knowing how to evaluate material help with research?
helps to make the best possible choices for my research projects.
what does knowing how to evaluate gathered information effect?
how information is collected for studies, work, and even personal life
What are the components of a URL?
https://www; type of entity-educational institution, government agency, ect.; domain name-.edu, .gov, .mil, ect.
What does the internet not have related to security?
it has no controls to filter or censor content which allows access to any website by anyone of any age.
what is a main benefit of conducting a keyword search?
it is so broad that you can look through the list of results, find one article that appears to be "on target" and then identify the subject heading that the database uses for your topic in order to drill down more precise results
How did the internet begin?
it is the product of research begun in the 1950's at an agency of the US government called the advanced research projects agency (ARPA) in the US department of defense
how is a copyright issued?
it occurs automatically at the creation of a new work the moment the work is fixed in a tangible medium of expression
what happens to a copyright when it expires?
it passes into the public domain meaning anyone can reproduce or use the resource
if no indication is put between words, what will a search engine or database assume you mean?
it will assume the word "and" is between words and look for all of the words.
how can you tell if a website is secure?
it will begin with https. the s is for secure.
what might be a downfall to using truncation?
it will return all possible endings to the base word which may or may not be on your topic. You may end up with terms that are not relevant
what is not protected under copyright law?
items that are not recorded in a tangible form; as well as: facts; ideas; lists; concepts; principles; titles government issued works
what is the purpose of citing?
its a sign of good scholarship; to give credit to the source you are using; to enable those reading your research to track down the material you used
how does a person obtain a copyright?
its automatic, every time a person creates something unique, with or without the symbol.
why is media interpreted different among people?
its based on a persons prior knowledge of the subject and experience as well as their values and beliefs
what should be used to find consistent scholarly information?
journals
what amounts of use do not fall under fair use?
large portion or whole work used; portion used is central or the "heart of the work"
what will brainstorming help me with?
learning how to choose good search words and phrases for finding resources
when do works pass into the public domain?
lengths of time varies based on the type of work and the date of creation.
when should "not" be used?
less frequently than "and" or "or"; to narrow a search because it is not included in a topic or category; ex: cloning NOT animals
what are some groups that publish information on internet?
libraries; universities; government agencies; companies; organizations; people in foreign countries
what are some of the best resources available from a library's website?
library catalog; library database/research database
where are places to get books?
library; electronic books online or from library
where are places to find an encyclopedia?
library; web
citation index
lists where and when a work has been cited
how do I determine which databases are available and the subjects they cover?
look for "databases" on a library's website; as the librarian
how can a copyright owner be identified?
look for the copyright notice on the work; check the registration of the claim with the US copyright office; search internet for files, authors' names, publishers, excerpts of text, or lyrics to produce useful information about the work; if ownership is not clear contact any person associated with the work to find out who owns it.
record
made up by a set of fields
who publishes peer reviewed journal articles?
mainly professional organizations.
how many words can be linked with "or"?
many times
how many times can you use "and" in a single search?
many times.
what are the basic concepts that need to be understood about the "media"?
media construct our culture; media messages affect our thought, attitudes and actions; media uses "the language of persuasion"; media construct fantasy worlds; no one tells the whole story; media messages contain "texts" and "subtexts"; media messages reflect the values and viewpoints of media makers; individuals construct their own meanings from media; media messages can be decoded; media literate youth and adults are active consumers of media
what are examples of browsers?
mozilla firefox; internet explorer; safari; google chrome
what are examples of periodicals?
newspaper-daily; magazines-magazine; bimonthly-journal
is everything on the internet free?
no
is the internet always the best place to look for what you need?
no
Is there a filter on the internet that prevents someone from placing material on the web?
no, almost anyone can publish on the web
is the fair use guidelines clear cut?
no, because they can be interpreted differently by whoever is examining the specific situation.
can plagiarism occur only when writing a paper?
no, it can also occur when giving a presentation, writing music, using an image from the web, or writing a memo at work
are all journals peer reviewed?
no, not necessarily
is all information on the internet permanent?
no, some are well maintained and updated but other become dated or disappear without notice.
is information on the internet systematically organized?
no, there are too many web pages for any single directory service or search engine to organize and index.
are the library and the web distinctively different things?
no, there is a middle ground idea of the "library on the web". Many libraries have websites which organize info. and provide access to collections of quality resources-such as excelsior college library
is the internet a government organization?
no. There is not one particular group that owns the internet.
is email a private form of communication
no. messages can easily be copied and sent to others
writing numbers: APA
numerals express numbers below ten; words express numbers ten or greater; numerals express times, dates, or ages
where can older newspaper articles be found?
often at a local library; newspaper company-for a charge
library databases
often the best place to find the resources needed for educational and professional research; often available by paid subscription from a library.
how often can you obtain a free credit report?
once every 12 months from each credit bureau
static IP address
one that is permanently assigned to you for as long as you maintain service
how can you monitor your credit reports year round?
order your report from a different credit bureau every four months
what online tool can help me with brainstorming and organizing my ideas?
organize my resources page in the excelsior college library has "thought organizers" available
primary source
original materials; from the time period involved and have not been filtered through interpretation or evaluation; original materials on which other research is based; first formal appearance of results in physical, print, or electronic format; present original thinking, report a discovery, or share new information
what must a work be compromise of in order to be protected by copyright?
original work; creative, some minimal degree must be involved in making the work; a work of authorship: literary, musical, dramatic, choreographic, pictorial, graphic, sculptural, audiovisual, architectural; fixed: must be written on a piece of paper, saved on a computer hard drive, or recorded on an audio or video tape
how are scholarly/academic sources juried?
peer review; referee process
what is the review/acceptance process that some journals use called?
peer reviewed or refereed
what are subject headings applicable to?
people; events; places; topics
what are magazines and journals called?
periodicals because they are issued on a regular or periodic basis
what are some sources for information?
personal experiences; books; articles; library databases; expert opinions; encyclopedias; internet
what do all media messages try to do?
persuade us to believe or to do something
Italics: APA
place titles of longer works, such as books and journals, in italics in both text and references list
quotation marks: APA
placed around all directly quoted material AND all article or chapter titles when mentioned in text.
subject headings
predetermined words identifying or describing a particular subject, making it easier to locate when searching a database or library catalog.
how might the information in a library be available?
print; electronic; microfilm; video; CDs; web
what is the original goal of copyright law?
to promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and investors the exclusive rights to their respective writings and discoveries
what does using all capital letters in an email convey?
shouting at the recipiant
Cookies
small files that are: stored on your computer's hard drive; come from the site you are accessing; allow the site to store information about what you accessed.
what amount of use qualifies as fair use?
small quantity; portion used is not central or significant to entire work; amount is appropriate for favored educational purpose
why do libraries subscribe to research databases?
so that students can identify relevant/scholarly material to support their research and studies
who writes trade publications?
specialists in a particular industry who are not experts but are knowledgeable about the issues presented. articles are more in depth but faily easy to understand
How is it best to begin a search from a database?
start the search broad and then refine if there are too many results on your subject.
How do some journals decide to accept articles for publication?
they get the opinions of scholars in the field to determine relevance, scholarship and the quality of research presented in an article.
what are style manuals?
this is what you follow in order to cite resources properly; they dictate how you will arrange the information about the sources that you have used in researching.
how does information travel through the internet?
through fiber optic cables, routers, and circuits from one computer to another. The world wide web is just one component of the internet
what is a main purpose of a college or university library?
to collect a large quantity of scholarly material from different decades and on diverse topics to make research and studying easier.
why do library resources go through a review/filtering process?
to collect sources considered reliable, historically relevant, valuable and tailored to the needs of the students and faculty
when should "or" be used?
to combine keywords in a search; means either keyword can be retrieved; to broaden my search.
why is it important to consider all types of information when selecting sources for research?
to develop a more robust and convincing argument by not relying too heavily on one source of information; find support for my thesis; provides different point of view on a topic; helps to determine credibility and validity
when is it good to use email?
to find an opinion by an expert in the field; to access postings and messages on newsgroups; to ask your reference librarian a question about research; to correspond with your instructor in your course; to collaborate with colleagues at work on a project; to contact a company for more information
when is it good to use the web?
to find current information to link to information provided by the library over the internet; to find information about companies; to find information from all levels of government-federal to local; to find both expert and popular opinions
when should a trade publication be used?
to find current information about a specific industry, career, or trade; to prepare when applying for a job or practicing for an interview.
why should I use a research database?
to find information on my topic in magazines, journals, electronic books, newspapers, videos, etc. ; to access research materials online via internet connections; to benefit from advanced search features and classification structures designed to help find info more precisely
when should a magazine be used?
to find information or opinions about popular culture; to find up to date information about current events or trends; to find general articles written by people who are not specialists about the topic; to find information on a specific subject or profession
When should I use the library catalogs?
to find out what items a library owns on my topic; to find where a specific item is located in a library
what was one fundamental idea of the internet's original purpose?
to help professors and researchers share information regardless of their location
why have the index creators created a list of approved subject headings?
to help the person searching locate all the relevant articles on a topic.
what is the purpose of citing information?
to lead the reader back to the sources that have been used.
Signature File
A text file that you create to use at the end of your email message. Many people insert their phone number and address in the signature file that they create. Some people include quotes or images.
deconstruct
used in conjunction with media literacy. it means to look at and take apart all the aspects of a media message. In taking apart a message, you are able to discern any bias or underlying messages
what are examples of the effects of using copyright material that qualify as fair use?
user owns lawfully purchased or acquired copy of original work; one or few copies made; no significant effect on the market or potential market for copyrighted work; no similar product marketed by the copyright holder; lack of licensing mechanism
who owns the copyrighted work?
usually the creator
Where can books be found at Excelsior online?
via the ebrary database
Blog
web pages for communication online that permits information to be posted and immediately viewed by others. Information is added in order by date and older posts are often archived by month. Generally, this is a free service you subscribe to.
what are key questions to ask when looking for examples in a style guide?
what type of material am I trying to cite: book, journal, government document, chart or graph?; what format is the resource in? : print, electronic
invisible web/deep web
what you cannot find using search engines or subject directories
when is it not the best idea to use the web?
when beginning academic research, unless using the web resources of the library
when should a journal be used?
when doing scholarly research; when you need recent and reliable scholarly information; to find out what has been studied on your topic; to find references that point to other relevant research
phishing
when internet fraudsters impersonate a business to trick you into giving out your personal information.
when should an encyclopedia be used?
when looking for background information on a topic; when trying to find key ideas, important dates or concepts
what needs to be cited?
author; title; page number
why is media such a powerful force in our culture?
it affects our thoughts, attitudes, and actions.
what style of documentation does excelsior use?
APA; MLA
Media Literacy
the ability to access, analyze, communicate, and produce media in a variety of forms
how is media literacy defined?
the ability to access, analyze, communicate, and produce media in a variety of forms
Federal Trade Commission
FTC: the government agency authorized to enforce laws to protect consumer privacy and prevent abuse of information. It initiates programs to monitor commercial activities.
File Transfer Protocol
FTP: Protocol for exchanging files on the internet. Used for uploading and downloading files to the internet
controlled vocabulary
used by research databases to classify all of their articles.
Images
Professional and personal photographs and images can be found online in these main formats: JPEG, GIF, TIFF. Many websites have images available for free or at a cost. A few examples are: Google images, Flickr, and Open photo
Emoticons
Symbols that you type within your email or text message to convey your tone of voice. These expressions are created from different characters on your keyboard. Using emoticons can help you prevent the misunderstandings that often happen online due to a lack of nonverbal clues.
How does the FTC stop unfair deceptive and fraudulent business practices?
The FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection: collects complaints and conducts investigations; sues companies and people that break the law; develops rules to maintain a fair marketplace; educates consumers and businesses about their rights and responsibilities.
what do citations of an article often include?
author; title; year of publication; magazine or journal name; page numbers
Wikis
Web pages that can be easily edited or added to by group members or organizations. Wikis often focus on specific topic and are used to share information for collaboration purposes. Generally, this is a free service you subscribe to.
Social Networking
Websites allow you to create personal profiles for the purpose of sharing information, photos, music, ect. with others within your network. They facilitate online communication and collaboration between individuals, companies, organizations, etc. The services are free and available to anyone. Examples: facebook, twitter, and linkedin
newspaper
a collection of articles about current events usually published daily; a great source for local information; called periodicals because they are published on a regular or periodic basis
what are four things to keep in mind when examining information?
authority; currency; objectivity; verifiability
call number
directs you to a specific self in the library where the book you searched for can be found. Other books near the same call number should cover a similar topic
abstracts
a brief summary of the content of an article. May be written by someone other than the author; do not quote from abstracts when writing a paper; use to help scan articles for relevance to my topic; can help identify good articles
what are some commonly used fields?
author; subject; abstract
nature of a copyrighted work
addresses the issue of where the work is to be used and lies on the continuum between unprotected ideas and facts and protected expression.
what type of researcher needs to consult a style manual?
all researchers, no matter how experienced they are
what is a "known" article?
an article you have the full or partial citations for
Refereed
article is referred to other scholars in the field; reviews are blind-academic peers conducting the review do not know the name of the work's author and author does not know the reviewers name which ensures work is judged solely on its own merit; manuscript must be reviewed by at least two other people
what do databases contain?
articles in magazines, journals, and newspapers; book chapters; reports; conference proceedings; music; videos
what does a research database point to?
articles published in magazines, journals, and newspapers; electronic pooks
what does media literacy help youth and adults do?
be able to consume the media with a critical eye by evaluating sources, intended purposes, persuasion techniques, and deeper meanings.
How is permission given to use a work?
be specific about how you intend to use the work; nonexclusive permission is given via handshake or telephone; exclusive permission is given in writing and signed by the copyright owner.
blocked quotations: APA
block format: indented, no quotation marks, double spaced; used for all quotations that are forty words or more in length
what is one more way to find approved subject headings for my topic?
browse a list of subject terms: most databases provide a list of subjects terms in the menu of the initial search page.
what are examples of subject specific databases in the excelsior college library?
business source complete; ERIC: education resource information center; Health source: nursing/academic edition; literature online: LION; military and government collection; psycARTIClES: psychology
how can media messages be decoded?
by deconstructing the media to find out who created the message and why. Identify the techniques of persuasion being used and recognize how media makers are trying to influence us.
how are print materials organized in a library?
by subject using call numbers-letters and symbols
how do most databases organize their records?
by subject, so that you can find all the articles on a single topic using one term
How can the invisible web be accessed?
by using other resources-listings-found on owl.english.purdue.edu
Advanced search
can be used to help structure a search more efficiently. Often can guide you through different ways to retrieve needed information
verifiability
can the author's claims be verified? is there a bibliography of sources? are people quoted by name, or anonymously? are methodologies explained in detail?
worldcat
catalog of over 30 million items from libraries across the globe on all topics; provides info about which libraries own particular books, journals, or other items; use to locate materials in libraries near me.
what are reasons that the effect of using copyrighted material would oppose fair use?
could replace sale of copyrighted work; significantly impairs market or potential market for copyrighted work or derivative; reasonably available licensing mechanism for use of the copyrighted work; affordable permission available for using work; numerous copies made; you made it accessible on the web or in other public forum; repeated or long term use
what can a newspaper be used to find?
current information about international, national, and local events; editorials, commentaries, expert or popular opinions
what are the steps in brainstorming to know how to search for information on my topic?
describe my topic in a detailed sentence; underline the main ideas in this sentence; create a list of related keywords and phrases from the main ideas that I underlined; think of other terms that also describe my topic-synonyms; write down any ideas I have, even off the wall ones; list alternative spellings, abbreviations, and acronyms for the words I list
what can acquiring media literacy skills help youth and adults with?
develop critical thinking skills; understand how media messages shape our culture and society; identify target marketing strategies; recognize what the media maker wants us to believe or do; name the techniques of persuasion used; recognize bias, spin, misinformation, and lies; discover parts of the story that are not being told; evaluate media messages based on our own experiences, skills, beliefs, and values; create and distribute their own media messages; advocate for a changed media system
what needs to be used to collect information about a certain topic?
different search engines so that information can be found on the topic from different decades, viewpoints, and sources
what will the use of truncation and wildcards do?
eliminate the need to write the word in all of its forms, multiple times, in a search string
what kinds of things are copyrighted that I might produce?
emails; letters; assignments; drafts; snapshots
What are the three nationwide credit bureaus?
equifax; experian; trans union
Netiquette
etiquette governing communication on the internet
what is one of the most critical aspects of research?
evaluating the material that is found.
What are some tricks for using search engines effectively?
every search tool is different; use the help feature; there are specialized search engine organized around types of material; use more than one search tool to obtain more information
What are the three main internet myths?
everything is on the internet; only certain types of information can be placed online; the information that you need will be available for free
what are the two catalogs in the excelsior library?
excelsior college library catalog; worldcat
What are journals geared to?
experts and researchers in the academic or professional community
what is not protected by copyright?
facts and ideas; processes, methods, systems, and procedures; titles; works prepared by the US government; constitutions and laws of state governments; materials that have passed into the public domain
who were the culture's storytellers a few generations ago?
family, friends, others in the community?
what does entering "and" do?
finds articles that contain both of the terms listed; will not retrieve information with just one of these words.
Headings: APA
first level of heading is centered and in bold with upper and lower case letters; if use second level heading, align on the left and in bold with upper and lower case letters
what are specific techniques media uses to get us to believe or do something?
flattery; repetition; fear; humor
what do research databases concentrate on?
focused subject; multidiciplinary
what do boolean operators or connectors allow for?
for a search to broadened and narrowed; allow for options for refining a search.
citations
identify published information, print or electronic, in order to locate them item again; citations of articles often include the author, title, year of publication, magazine or jornal name, and page numbers
When has plagiarism been committed?
if a student presents even one sentence or phrase by another writer as his or her own without properly citing the source of those ideas or words.
what is the key idea when using the web for research?
in most cases you are getting quantity over quality
where can connectors be used?
in research databases; in search engines on the internet
where do I look up the title of the source for the article?
in the library's catalog in order to see if the library owns the source.
references: APA
include a full reference for EVERY source that is cited in the text; create a separate references page, center the word References at the top of the page, place references in alphabetical order, use a hanging indent for all lines after the first line of each entry; review detailed instructions for formatting each reference in the APA manual or OWL.
body of essay format: APA
include an abstract page, if required; include an introduction; include a conclusion
subject directories
include categorized listings of information that humans, not computer programs, have chosen to include in the directory. These directory tend to contain a smaller number of resources.
Title Page Format: APA
include: a header with the words Running head and then abbreviated title in all caps against the left margin with a page number against the right margin; full title centered in the upper half of the page; writers full name, double spaced, and just below the full title; institution double spaced and just below name
indenting for paragraphs: APA
indent first line of every paragraph and every footnote, if applicable, by hitting the TAB key
currency
information should be current; was the information published recently? does the author cite current sources?
ISP
internet service provider; provides the mechanism for connecting to the internet; can be seen by the websites that are visited.
how are periodicals usually separated?
into two major groups: popular; scholarly
general encyclopedias
provide concise overviews on a wide variety of topics.
book review
provides a descriptive, evaluative discussion of a recently published book; can appear in a journal, magazine or newspaper; may help me decide whether to use the book in my research
what are some examples of intellectual property?
published reports; articles; information found on the web; patents; trademarks
what are examples of the nature of use that is considered fair use?
published work; factual or nonfiction based; important to favored educational objectives
what are the four factors of fair use?
purpose and character of use; nature of a copyrighted work; relative amount; effect upon potential market
when searching the internet, how can I tell if information is credible?
read the URL to check to see if it is someones personal page: personal name with symbols. Is server a commercial ISP or other provider of web page hosting; what is the domain name?; is it published by an entity that makes sense?
how do you know how to cite a resource within the text and final list?
refer to a style manual
relative amount
refers to the quantity and quality of the information taken.
what do copyright owners have the right to do?
reproduce a work; prepare derivative works based on the original; distribute copies of the work; display the work; perform the work publicly or by means of digital audio transmission
what do copyright holders have the exclusive right to do and to authorize?
reproduce the work in whole or in part; prepare derivative works, such as translations, dramatizations, and musical arrangements based on their original work; publicly perform the work; distribute copies of the work by sale, gift, rental, or loan; publicly display the work;
what does a scholarly journal report on?
research and experimentation in the field and then shares this information.
what can the web be a good research for?
sampling public opinion of people on the internet; gathering a wide range of ideas; locating information on topics not found in mainstream publications; learning more about companies and mainstream publications; reading information from the government; finding quick fats; catching up with current news.
What are the two main types of search tools that are used to search for information on the web?
search engines; subject directories
meta search engines
search many search engines using keywords and combine the results
excelsior college library catalog
see if the full text of a book or article is available; browse journals and books by subject; only searches journal and book titles, not within the context of books and articles
how do I find the approved subject headings or subject terms for my topic?
start with a keyword: by choosing keywords for my search terms I can see if the same terms are used in the database as a subject heading by looking at the full recordto see what the subject headings listed are.
what do subject directories include?
subject based categories; highly targeted content/more relevant results; directory usually only includes the main web page of a website; hierarchical structure to organize database- by subject or geographical region
what is other titles for the subject headings field?
subjects; subject terms; thesaurus; descriptors
what is an important step to take in order to avoid plagiarism?
take notes carefully about what you used and how you used it.
Plagiarism
taking another persons words or ideas without properly giving credit to them.
what are examples of the purpose of copyright falling under fair use?
teaching; research; scholarship; nonprofit educational institution; criticism; comment; news reporting; transformative or productive use: changes the work for new utility; restricted access: to students or other appropriate group; parody
keyword searching
telling the database to search for the word you've entered in the search box. Will search for the term in the title, the subject, and other fields; this is what you do when you perform a basic search on an internet engine, such as google
Alignment: APA
text aligned at the left margin but ragged at the right margin: called flush-left style
what is meant by "text" and "subtext"?
text is the actual words, pictures, and/or sounds in a media message; subtext is the hidden and underlying meaning of the message
what type of fantasy does advertising construct?
that all problems can be solved with a purchase
RSS feeds
the acronym stands for really simple syndication. This technology allows users to get instant updates for data that is frequently updated such as newswires or online radio shows. Example: the NEW YORK TIMES website allows you to subscribe to their RSS feed to receive instant news updates.
Fields
the basic building blocks of a database
what determines which publications are included in a database?
the companies that own the database
full text
the complete electronic version of an article or a book
when citing an entire website or a short work from a website, what is one of the most important elements to always include?
the day that you accessed the site
peer reviewed sources
the editors of the journal wishing to publish the item send it to scholars in the relevant field; ex. article about biology would go to other biologists for review and then feedback is given.; ensures articles that wind up in academic jourals have scholastic merit and contribute to the overall research in the field.
what does the type of resources that I will consult depend on?
the kind of information I need; the purpose of the information I need
who generates a list of subject headings that are commonly used?
the library of congress
bibliography
the list of references for resources used that are listed at the end of the paper
where will the library catalog point me to?
the location of a particular source, or group of sources, that the library owns on my topic
who are the culture's storytellers today?
the most powerful: television, movies, music, video games, internet
what do subject headings originate from?
the need to classify information by category or subject
who can a copyright belong to?
the original creator of the work but ownership can also transfer. do not always assume the creator of the resource currently owns the copyright.
citing
the process of giving credit for information.
what determines the type of information needed?
the question you are trying to answer; the purpose of your information
Browsers
the software that you use to read information on the world wide web.
scope
the subject matter covered.
what do I not use the library's catalog to search for?
the title of the article
when trying to locate a "known" article what information do I need to have?
the title of the source in which the article was published within: name of the journal, magazine, or paper;
what are the two main things to keep in mind when choosing a database?
the types of materials it contains; the subject matter or scope of the resources
what does fair use allow?
the use of portions of a copyrighted work without the author's permission for specific purposes.
what are some benefits of the library on the web?
the website info has been evaluated and organized; it is easy to access; there is a wealth of info/resources at your fingertips
what are boolean operators or connectors?
the words: and, or and not.
scholarly/academic sources
their purpose is to share information within the subject field and they are based on original research and experimentation. They are suitable for academics and are supported by a system of learning and study.
why is it important to know the scope for researching?
there are many different databases and knowing the scope of your information will help decide which database to use.
what is one of the most challenging parts of evaluation?
there are no steadfast rules
why are books and journal articles somewhat easier to evaluate?
there is often a filtering process: publishers/editors; librarians select material for the libraries collection; electronic versions have went through same processes as print versions
Flames
these are derogatory or angry emails sent to an online discussion group. They are meant to loudly voice one's opinion and to attack another's
what is true of media literate youth and adults?
they are better able to decipher the complex messages we receive from television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, signs, packaging, marketing materials, video games, recorded music, internet, and other forms of media
where can I access guides for different styles?
they are commonly found in public and academic libraries across the country.
why can a media literate person better understand the messages being send via "media"?
they can understand how media messages are constructed and discover how they create meaning, which is usually hidden beneath the surface.
when should keyword searching be used?
to start your research; to identify the subject headings or terms used for your topic; to find specific information; to find every occurence of the words you enter in that database
what are two search strategies that allow searching using variations of a word and replacing the letter/letters with a symbol?
truncation; wildcards
what is considered to be plagiarism?
turning in someone else's work as your own; copying works or ideas from someone else without giving credit; failing to put a quotation in quotation marks; giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation; changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit; copying so many words or ideas form a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not
Text Spacing: APA
two spaces after all punctuation at the end of a sentence; one space after punctuation in a reference list;
what is the first step in media literacy education?
understanding the basic concepts about the "media"
what will make information easier to find?
understanding the traits and benefits of different types of resources.
what are examples of the nature of use that opposed fair use?
unpublished work; highly creative work; fiction
wildcards
use a symbol where a single letter changes the word to another form of the word; ex. women or woman. place the symbol: wom*n in order to get results for both women and woman
search engines
use computer programs to create a searchable index of web material. No search engine contains a complete index of all available web pages
Writing lists
use numbered, bulleted, or lettered lists; ensure items are parallel
how do search engines work?
use robots, spiders, or web crawlers to scan web pages; web pages are returned to the database and updated frequently; websites are located relevant to keywords; retrieves a higher number of results based on ranking system-this differs by search engine
how can you get more precise information when searching a database?
use specific fields when looking for precise information.
how can I come up with additional search terms if I can't think of them?
use the "finding background information" page on the Excelsior college library for links to encyclopedias and thesauri to help.
when should a book be used?
when looking for lots of information on a topic; to get a broad overview or background information about your topic; to put your topic in context with other important issues; to find historical information; to find summaries of research to support an argument
when should "and" be used?
when searching for articles containing two or more ideas, connect the words with "and" to narrow a search
What is an example of cookies?
when you bank electronically and you ask the computer to remember your username and password for your next visit. This eliminates you from having to put this information in each time you visit the site. The software that retains your info is the cookies.
what questions should be asked when looking at different types of information sources?
which sources can be found electronically; which sources guide me to other information on my topic; which sources would i use when writing a research paper; is this a popular or scholarly source
popular sources
widely available; usually cheaper to acquire; can be understood by almost every person with basic literacy skills; tend to promulgate known ideas and theories; works may be professionally edited; do not go through a jury process
where does citing resources happen?
within a writing and at the end of the paper, sources need to be cited in both places
where are the two different places that resources need to be cited when writing a paper?
within the body or text of the paper; at the end of the paper
what if I find out the library owns the source that my article is in?
write down the call number and go the shelf in the library to view it. It may also be available in multiple formats such as online as well as in print.
what is an example of netiquette?
writing an email message in all capital letters is considered a breach of netiquette because it looks like you are shouting.
how can you obtain a credit report?
www.anualcreditreport.com; download the anual credit report request form and mail in request.; or call: 877-322-8228
World Wide Web
www: the world wide web or the web is a protocol for accessing the internet. It is a network of internet servers allowing documents formatted in hypertext markup language-HTML- to be linked to other documents, graphics, audio, etc.
does copyright law offer any limitations on the protections and rights?
yes. its called fair use; the law tries to balance between the rights of the owner and the interests of the user.
can connecting words be mixed within a search?
yes. very complex searches can be created using a mix of connector words.
what is the key idea to using the library for information?
you are getting quality over quantity
what if the author has died and you want to utilize their work?
you have to obtain permission from the author's heirs to find out who inherited the copyright rights
what if you want to use information that is copyrighted but it does not meet the fair use guidelines?
you may seek permission from the copyright holder to use the material
