Information Systems Chapter 2

Data Visualization

-picture that reflects the data -can lead to a better understanding of what the data means -Helps to uncover trends/relationships EX. Bar chart

Information System Elements

1. DATA 2. HARDWARE 3. SOFTWARE 4. MEDIA 5. PROCEDURES 6. PEOPLE

Automation

According to "the race for machines" rising productivity and wealth in recent decades is due to:

Moore's Law

The number of transistors in electronic chips double every couple of years

Open System

a system that interacts with its environment; system boundary

Subsystem

a system that is part of a larger system

Business rule

statement that defines or constrains an aspect of a business with the intent of controlling behaviors within the business

Electronic data interchange

structured, electronic transmission of data between organizations

Transaction processing system

(TPS) common IS system that collects, monitors, processes, reports, and stores data generated by an organization's transactions

Organizational Changes

Changes facilitated by Information Systems: 1. PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS- improve efficiency and effectiveness 2. AUTOMATION- ATMs (replace going into bank to use a teller) 3. CONTROL- imrpve controllability of processes 4. INFORMATION FLOWS- improve communication and information flow

machine learning

In "race with the machines" professor B mentions this as being the most important invention:

Goal Seek Function

Provide a desired outcome and the input cell that may be varied to find out the desired value

Integrated enterprise systems

common integrated enterprise-wide system that has multiple applications; usually used in large organizations to replace Transaction processing systems (TPS) and functional systems

Global systems

common interorganizational systems that cross national boundaries- usually more complex because of language differences

Functional systems

common stand-alone systems that monitor, control, and analyze the operation of functional areas- many have been replaced by Transaction processing systems (TPS)

Personal Applications

common system that serve to make individuals' daily work more efficient and effective i.e. Microsoft Office

Interorganizational systems

common system that uses Electronic data interchange to connect companies to their suppliers and customers

Information Processing Cycle

operations of information systems: INPUT- collection of and transformation of data into a processing form PROCESSING- manipulation and transformation of data (CPU) STORAGE- holding place for data (hard drive) OUTPUT- transformation of processed data into understandable form (computer screen) CONTROL- enforcement of correct processing procedures (CPU)

Feedback

process by which a system regulates itself- closely linked to control causes the system to react in a certain way by relaying information collected from the system's environment

Control

set of functions intended to ensure the proper operation of a system

System

set of interacting components that work together to form a complex whole by taking inputs and processing them to produce outputs; has some purpose or goal

Equifinality

the idea that in an open system, there are many different potential paths to the final outcome