INFSYS MOD2 Methods of Securing Information

Put the steps for how a virus infects a digital device in the correct order.

1. The virus arrives via email attachment, file download, or by visiting a website that has been infected. 2. An action such as running or opening a file activates the virus 3. The infection spreads to other computers via infected email, files, or contact with infected websites. 4. The payload or the components of a virus that executes the malicious activity hits the computer and other infected devices.

What percentage of malicious attachments are masked as Microsoft Office files?

38%

Recently, TechJury compiled a list of cybersecurity statistics that show the impact of different malware and network attacks. What percentage of cyberattacks are aimed at small businesses?

43%

What percentage of cyberattacks are aimed at small business?

43%

What percentage of daily email attachments are harmful for their intended recipient?

85%

What percentage of cyberattacks are launched with a phishing email?

91%

Botnet

A group of computers under the control of a hacker.

Bot

A hacker uses software to infect computers, including laptops, desktops, tablets, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, turning each computer into a zombie

Developed by Cisco and used by firewalls, routers, and computers that are part of a network and are connected to the Internet, Network _______Translation provides a type of firewall protection by hiding internal IP addresses.

Access

Security risk can be calculated using the following calculation: Risk = Threat x Vulnerability x _____________.

Asset

According to Norton, which of the following steps should be taken to defend against rootkits?

Be aware of phishing emails Watch out for drive-by-downloads Don't ignore software updates

One method organizations are using to deal with the increase in cybersecurity threats and the decrease in the effectiveness of traditional security means is through the use of __________ science in their data and network security policies.

Behavioral

A ________ hat hacker breaks into computer systems with the intent of causing damage or stealing data.

Black

What type of hacker breaks into computer systems with the intent of causing damage or stealing data?

Black Hat Hackers

You are speaking with a friend about how to protect yourself from phishing scams. Your friend (who works in cybersecurity) gives you some advice about what to do if you receive a phishing message. Which of the following statements would be considered good advice?

Contact US-CERT. Banks and credit card companies will never ask you to provide personal information via email messages. If you receive a suspicious message, contact the institution that the message was allegedly sent from.

Rootkits are typically used to allow hackers to do which of the following?

Create a backdoor into a computer Remotely control the operations of a computer.

A deliberate misuse of computers and networks via the Internet that uses malicious code to modify the normal operations of a computer or network is called a .

Cyberattack

Cyberattacks that originate and are executed by foreign governments is called state-sponsored _____________. These attacks can be directly launched by a foreign government or by a group or individual who has been paid by to execute the attack.

Cyberwarfare

Select the reasons a government may choose to get involved in state-sponsored cyberwarfare.

Cyberwarfare is often difficult to trace and identify. Cyberwarfare is relatively inexpensive when compared to traditional warfare. Cyberwarfare can cause widespread damage to IT infrastructure.

An attack on a network that is designed to interrupt or stop network traffic by flooding it with too many requests is called a _ attack.

DOS

Which of the following are considered cybercrimes?

Digital identity theft Trojan horse viruses Computer hacking

A denial-of-service (DDoS) attack takes place when a hacker gains unauthorized access and control of a network of computers that are connected to the Internet.

Distributed

A DDoS attack is when computers that have been infected by a virus act as "zombies" and work together to send out illegitimate messages creating huge volumes of network traffic. The acronym DDoS stands for ___ .

Distributed Denial of Service

A hacker launches an attack on a network that is designed to interrupt or stop network traffic by flooding it with too many requests. This would be considered a _____ attack.

DoS

Computer viruses are not frequently disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files.

False

Hardware or software used to keep a computer secure from outside threats such as hackers and viruses by allowing or blocking Internet traffic is called a ____.

Firewall

Personal software ____________ are typically included with the operating system and can be configured based on user preference.

Firewall

One method organizations are using to deal with the increase in cybersecurity threats and the decrease in the effectiveness of traditional security means is through the use of behavior science in their data and network security policies. One of these methods is called UEBA. Select the true statements about UEBA.

It is a type of cybersecurity that observes and records the conduct of computer and network users UEBA stands for user and entity behavior analytics UEBA uses a variety of different tactics to create a map of pattern behavior including machine learning, statistical analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI)

A form of spyware that records all actions typed on a keyboard is called a ___________ logger.

Keystroke

Malware is short for _________ software.

Malicious

The technology that provides a type of firewall protection by hiding internal IP addresses is called _____.

NAT

Businesses need to take steps to protect computer systems, data, and information from _______ disasters.

Natural

Select the true statements about ransomware attacks.

One of the most popular methods used in ransomware attacks is through phishing. Ransomware is malware that makes a computer's data inaccessible until a ransom is paid. Ransomware attacks invade computers via Trojan Horse viruses, worms, or by a user opening a legitimate looking email.

Activities where white-hat hackers are paid to hack into private networks and applications is referred to as _________ testing.

Penetration

The illegitimate use of an email message that appears to be from an established organization such as a bank, financial institution, or insurance company is referred to as _______. In order to appear legitimate, the message often contains the company's logo and identifying information.

Phishing

Which of the following statements correctly describes phishing?

Phishing is the illegitimate use of an email message that appears to be from an established organization such as a bank. Phishing scams use legitimate looking email messages to con a user into giving up private information.

Malware that encrypts a computer's data, forcing the victim to purchase a decryption code, is called ___ .

Ransomware

One version of this type of malware encrypts a victims data until a payment is made. Another version threatens to make public a victim's personal data unless a payment is made. This type of malware is called ___>

Ransomware

Specialized hardware or software that capture packets transmitted over a network are called packet _____.

Sniffers

Specialized hardware or software that capture packets transmitted over a network are called packet ______.

Sniffers

Select the true statements about keystroke loggers.

Software based keystroke loggers are often a Trojan that is installed without the user's knowledge Keystroke loggers can record passwords and confidential information Can be hardware devices and software applications

Unlike phishing which does not have a specific target and is designed to reach the maximum amount of people, _________ phishing is a precise type of attack.

Spear

Select what's true about spear phishing attacks.

Spear phishing is a type of email scam that is directed toward a specific person or organization. Spear phishing attacks are designed to steal data and some attacks may also be designed to install malicious software on a device.

According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which of the following are steps businesses can take to help protect systems, data, and information from natural disasters?

Store data in different areas across the United States (geographic data redundancy) Utilize off-site cloud storage Create a business continuity plan

According to National Institute for Standards ________ , once a cybersecurity risk assessment has been conducted and the various questions in the risk assessment have been answered, an organization will be able to decide what to protect.

Technology

According to National Institute for Standards _______________ , once a cybersecurity risk assessment has been conducted and the various questions in the risk assessment have been answered, an organization will be able to decide what to protect.

Technology

Select the true statements about white hat hackers.

The goal of white hat hackers is to find gaps in network security and to test security defenses. Use the same techniques and tools that are used by illegitimate hackers.

A program that appears legitimate, but executes an unwanted activity when activated is called a ____________ horse virus.

Trojan

As reported by Andrei Ene, Tiny Banker __________ (TBT) is one of the worst malware attacks in the last 10 years.

Trojan

Often accompanying downloaded music or apps, programs that appear to be legitimate, but executes an unwanted activity when activated is called a _____.

Trojan

There are multiple ways ransomware attacks can be launched. Which of the following are methods a ransomware attack can be launched?

Trojan Horse Phishing

Malware is short for malicious software and is designed to steal information, destroy data, impact the operations of a computer or network, or frustrate the user. Common types of malware include:

Trojans Viruses Worms

Select what's true about how a Trojan infects a computer system.

Trojans are designed using some sort of social engineering tactic. Hackers use Trojans to create a backdoor into a user's system which allows them to spy on the computer's activities. Trojans are commonly used by hackers to gain access to systems and devices.

Mohammed is experiencing issues with his work computer. He speaks to the IT department and they identify various symptoms of a computer virus. Symptoms of a computer virus include:

Unexpected error messages Critical files may be automatically deleted The operating system may not launch properly

Sharing infected files and opening an infected email attachment are ways that a computer ____________ can infect a digital device.

Virus

Which of the following statements about computer viruses are true?

Viruses can destroy programs or alter the operations of a computer or network. A computer virus is software that infects computers and is created using computer code.

According to the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST), cybersecurity personnel can take steps to ensure data and systems are protected. The first thing an organization should conduct is a cybersecurity risk assessment. The cybersecurity risk assessment is concerned with answering which of the following questions?

What are our organization's most important information technology assets? What are the relevant threats and the threat sources to our organization? What are the internal and external vulnerabilities?

Before data security strategies are created, which questions must be answered?

What is the risk I am reducing? Is this the highest priority security risk? Am I reducing the risk in the most cost-effective way?

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack

When a hacker gains unauthorized access and control of a network of computers that are connected to the Internet.

Computer experts that attempt to hack into a network to ensure that it is protected against intrusions are called __________ hat hackers.

White

Many organizations hire computer experts who test the security measures of an organization's information systems to ensure they are protected against intrusions. These experts use a variety of techniques including hacking, penetration testing, and vulnerability testing. These types of experts are known as _____ hackers.

White-Hat

A deliberate misuse of computers and networks, _____ use malicious code to modify the normal operations of a computer or network.

cyberattacks

A crime in which a computer is the object of the crime or is used to commit a criminal offense is called __________.

cybercrime