Integrated Physical Science Exam Review Part 1

Whereas Aristotle relied on logic in explaining nature...

...Galileo relied on experiment

Galileo said that if you rolled a ball along a level surface it would...

...keep rolling without slowing down if no friction acted upon it

Galileo's demonstration at the Leaning Tower of Pisa...

...refuted Aristotle's teachings

What is the acceleration of a car that maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/h for 10 s?

0 m/s^2

Two identical freight cars roll without friction towards each other on a level track. One rolls at 2 m/s and the other rolls at 1 m/s. After the cars collide, they couple and roll together with a speed of _______.

0.5 m/s

A golfer hits golf ball with a force of 1000 N. The ball exerts a reaction force against the golf club of _____.

1000 N

The average speed of a horse that gallops a distance of 10 km in a time of 30 minutes is ______.

20 km/h

A 3-kg ball has a momentum of 9 kg(m/s). What is the ball's speed?

3 m/s

A man weighing 800 N stands at rest on two bathroom scales so that his weight is distributed evenly over both scales. The reading on each scale is __________.

400 N

In raising a 5000-N piano with a pulley system, it is note that for every 1 m of rope pulled down, the piano rise 0.1 m. Ideally, this means the force needed to lift it is about _______.

500 N

You are driving down the highway and a bug splatters onto your windshield...Which undergoes the greater change in momentum?

Both the bug and car

What is the main difference between scalar quantities and vector quantities?

Scalar quantities have only magnitude (e.g., length, area, volume, speed) while vector quantities have both magnitude and direction (e.g., displacement, velocity, acceleration)

A sack of potatoes weighing 200 N falls from an airplane. As the velocity of fall increases, air resistance also increases. When air resistance equals 200 N, the sack's acceleration in meters per second per second is _____.

Zero (0)

A sheet of paper can be withdraw from under a container of milk without toppling it if the paper is jerked quickly. This best demonstrates that ________.

a gravity tends to hold the milk carton secure.

Arnold Strongman and Suzie Small each pull very hard on opposite ends of a rope in a tug-of-war, and are at a standstill. The greatest force on the rope is exerted by _____.

both the same, interestingly enough

An object is propelled along a straight-line path by a force. If the net force were doubled, its acceleration would ___________.

double

A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same speed but somehow suddenly has twice as much mass, its momentum is ______.

doubled

A truck is moving at constant velocity. Inside the storage compartment, a rock is dropped from the midpoint of a ceiling and strikes the floor below. The rock hits the floor ______.

exactly below the midpoint of the ceiling

A 10-kg brick and a 2-kg book are dropped in a vacuum. The force of gravity on the 10-kg brick is _____.

five times as much as the force on the 2-kg book

Whirl a rock at the end of a string and it follows a circular path. If the string breaks, the tendency of a rock is to ______.

follow a straight-line path

You use a straw for a pea shooter. The speed of the pea emerging from a straw when you blow through it will be greater if the straw is _______.

full length

If a freely falling object were somehow equipped with an odometer to measure the distance it travels, then the amount of distance it travels each succeeding second would be _____.

greater than the second before

A glance at your speedometer will tell you your ______.

instantaneous speed

A kilogram is a measure of an object's ______.

mass

Compared with a 5-kg block of solid iron, a 10-kg block of solid iron has twice as much _______.

mass, inertia, and volume

Two objects, A and B, have the same size and shape, but A is twice as heavy as B. When they are dropped simultaneously from a tower, they read the ground at the same time, but A has greater ____.

momentum

What does an object have when moving that it does not have when at rest?

momentum

Your weight is _____.

the gravitational attraction between you and the Earth

A 40-kg sack is lifted 2 m in the same time as the 20-kg sack is lifted 4 m. The power expended in raising the 40-kg sack compared to the power used to lift the 20-kg sack is _______.

the same

Compared with the mass of a certain object on Earth, the mass of the same object on the Moon _____.

the same

In order to catch a ball, a baseball player extends his hand forward before impact with the ball and the lets it ride backward in the direction of the ball's motion upon impact. Doing this reduces the force of impact on the players hand principally because the _____.

time of impact is increased

The difference between impulse and impact force involves the ____.

time the force acts

In a nutshell, the Law of Inertia is fundamentally that ____.

unless acted on by an external force, objects in motion stay in motion and objects at rest stay at rest