intelligence testing 100%

How is giftedness related to achievement?

Giftedness is related to achievement but being gifted does not guarantee achievement. Achievement has been related to the presence of three things: intellect/ability, creativity, and motivation.

List and explain the three principles of test construction that make a test credible.

The three principles of test construction include standardization, reliability, and validity. In order for a test to be useful, it must contain all three elements. Standardization refers to the meaningfulness of test scores among test takers. It also includes providing all test takers with the same instructions, questions, and time constraints. A standardized score tends to follow a bell curve of score distributions and determines where a test taker's performance is relative to other testers. Secondly, a test must also be reliable to be useful. Reliability means that the test produces consistent results. A reliable test will give the same or similar score when someone is tested with an alternate version or retested with the same test. This establishes test-retest reliability. In order to establish split-half reliability for a test, even and odd problems may be designed to measure similar aspects and are then scored separately. This allows us to see if the person is consistent in scores on each half of the test. Finally, a test must be valid and measure what it is designed to measure. It is possible to have a very reliable test that is not valid.

To be labeled with an intellectual disability, one must score below a 70 on intelligence tests and have limitations in at least two adaptive skill areas. t/f?

true

Robert was tested and his Wechsler Full Scale IQ was shown to be 65. He has difficulty in school and with reading but seems to do fine with everything else. Based on this information, he would be considered __________ mentally retarded. A. not B. mildly C. severely D. moderately

b

If a certain test follows a normal curve, most of the scores will fall __________. A. at the top end B. at the bottom end C. all over the place D. in the middle

d

Since the first mental age tests were administered in 1904, there have been several versions of intelligence tests. The most widely used test today is the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Why did David Wechsler design the Wechsler Intelligence Scale? He didn't feel that the other tests adequately measured intelligence levels in adults. He felt that knowing someone's mental age was important. He needed a formula for comparing mental age to chronological age. He wanted to know how someone was going to do in school.

He didn't feel that the other tests adequately measured intelligence levels in adults.

What three factors do most reputable intelligence tests have in common?

Reputable tests have three factors in common. They are all standardized, valid, and reliable. Standardized tests have scores that are compared to the results of other test takers. Valid tests cover the information that is being looked at. Reliable tests have results that remain consistent over multiple testings.

Describe the differences between achievement tests and aptitude tests.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Aptitude tests are designed to predict future performance in a specific area. Achievement tests attempt to assess or measure correct knowledge in a specific subject. At its simplest, achievement covers what one has done, while aptitude covers what one will do.

Describe the controversy associated with identifying giftedness.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Identifying someone as gifted is somewhat controversial. The lowest IQ score that identifies someone as gifted is 130. Identifying giftedness relies heavily on IQ scores. Traditionally, creativity, leadership, or special talents are rarely considered when identifying giftedness. However, some researchers recognized that certain children classified as gifted never make enduring contributions to society. As a result, Joseph Renzulli argued that high intelligence alone doesn't constitute giftedness in this manner and that it takes dedication and creativity to foster the achievements often seen in gifted individuals. Therefore, someone may have the ability or potential to make great contributions to society but never engage in intensive training and hard work that often leads someone toward exceptional achievement.

Our society has identified two extremes in intelligence. How are these differences identified?

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: The two extremes in intelligence levels that our society has defined are intellectual disability (significantly lower than average intelligence) and giftedness (far above average intelligence). Individual extremes for measures of intelligence are often identified through scores on intelligence tests. Individuals having an IQ above 130 are often labeled as gifted, whereas individuals scoring 70 or lower on an IQ test are often labeled as having an intellectual disability.

Christine is writing a paper for psychology class. She is making an outline showing the evolution of intelligence tests, starting with the earliest. Which choice shows the order of intelligence tests, starting with the earliest one? A. Binet-Simon Scale, Binet-Stanford Intelligence Quotient, Wechsler Intelligence Scale B. Binet-Stanford Intelligence Quotient, Binet-Simon Scale, Wechsler Intelligence Scale C. Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Binet-Simon Scale, Binet-Stanford Intelligence Quotient D. Binet-Simon Scale, Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Binet-Stanford Intelligence Quotient

a

High intelligence quotient (IQ) is the only indicator of giftedness. t/f?

false

If a test's scores follow a normal curve, most of the grades will fall on either end of the scale. t/f?

false

Mental retardation that is environmental in origin has a specific physical cause. t/f?

false

Most states have programs that help with the education of individuals identified as "gifted." t/f?

false

There are five levels of mental retardation t/f?

false

Defining intelligence can be tricky because intelligence can mean different things to different people. t/f?

true

Down's syndrome is one organic cause of mental retardation. t/f?

true

Intelligence tests were originally used to differentiate between students who were having academic difficulty and students who were not. t/f?

true

There are three principles of test construction: standardization, reliability, and validity. t/f?

true