Interdisciplinary Studies Final

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integrative thinking

requires flexibility and develops a broad range of cognitive and technical skills

3 different charts that can be used for project organization

sample WBS, Gantt style chart, CPM style chart

2 movements were related to the development of disciplines

1. enlightenment 2. scientific revolution

3 types of project research

1. interviews with experts 2. reading the literature 3. primary research such as surveys

Results of interdisciplinary practice in the new millennium

1. science and technology 2. social sciences 3. new humanities

The past is important because

1. it shapes our identity and the core of our humanity 2. allows us to discover our roots, detect change, and discern trends 3. enables us to reconstruct cause and effect and act in the world as moral agents 4. makes the present comprehensible

Why is "the past is prologue" important

1. it shapes our identity and the core of our humanity 2. learning about the past allows us to discover our roots, detect change, discern trends 3. enables us to reconstruct cause and effect in the world as moral agents 4. studying the past makes the present comprehensible

concerns about overspecialization

1. leads to reductionism 2. Integration was occurring more between industry and education, rather than across disciplines 3. Specialization tends to produce tunnel vision

Characteristics of a good leader

1. motivates 2. understands the project and sets appropriate goals 3. makes good, timely decisions

characteristics of a good team leader

1. objectives are clear and easily understandable 2. each objective should be concise and separate 3. all objectives should be committed to writing 4. all objectives should be communicated to all parties who will be involved in the project 5. objectives should be quantifiable with success criteria specified

6 components of a project life cycle

1. opportunity/ problem recognition 2. research 3. proposal 4. planning 5. implementation and control 6. termination and evaluation

defining elements of a discipline

1. phenomena 2. epistemology 3. assumptions 4. concepts 5. theory 6. methods 7. data

purpose of disciplines

1. provide members with organizational support 2. interpret reality according to prescribed guidelines

3 R's of appropriate management

1. recognition 2. reward 3. responsibility

2 criticisms of disciplines in the 60s and 70s

1. saw disciplines not just as a way to produce knowledge but also a sophisticated mechanism for regulating human conduct and social relations 2. saw deepening isolation of disciplines from one another

What perspective thinking does

- reduces the human tendency to negatively stereotype individual and groups - helps move us developmentally from a clear understanding of differences between disciplines and their perspectives to recognizing disciplines distinguishing characteristics of disciplines - facilitates our ability to assemble new sets of potential solution to a given problem - heightens our awareness that we are biased in the direction of our own knowledge not matter the source - invites us to engage in role taking

multidisiplinary

"bowl of fruit"

6 drivers of interdisciplinary studies

1. complexity of nature, society, and individuals 2. complexity of the global workplace 3. need for systems thinking and contextual thinking 4. changing nature of research 5. pressing needs of the public world 6. societies need for both disciplinary and interdisciplinary work

Why did interdisciplinary begin to acquire academic legitimacy in the 80s and 90s?

1. Academic legitimacy: "honors" was said to by synonymous with interdisciplinarity 2. included collaborative learning, multicultural education, writing across the curriculum, civc education, service learning, and study abroad

Things that occurred in the 60s and 70s that contributed to interest in interdisciplinary studies

1. Harvard report 2. Civil rights movement 3. political tensions over Vietnam war 4. interdisciplinary became programmatic, value laden tern standing for reform, innovation, progress, opening universities to previously un-server groups 5. Creating of new fields 6. interdisciplinary came to be identified with development of experimental colleges, radical curricular experiments

Good objectives

1. committed to writing 2. concise and separate 3. communicated to all parties involved

5 assumptions of interdisciplinary studies

1. complex reality beyond the university makes interdisciplinary necessary 2. the disciplines are foundational to interdisciplinary 3. the disciplines are inadequate to address complexity comprehensively 4. interdisciplinary is able to integrate insights from relevant disciplines 5. the disciplines and the institutional policies that reinforce them often present major barriers to interdisciplinary

values fostered by interdisciplinary studies

1. empathy 2. ethical consciousness 3. humility

6 limitations of disciplinary specialization

1. specialization can blind us to the broader context 2. specialization tends to produce tunnel vision 3. specialization tends to discount or ignore other perspectives 4. specialization can hinder creative breakthroughs 5. specialization fails to address complex problems comprehensively 6. specialization imposes a past approach to the present

attributes of effective goals

1. specific, defined and clear 2. measurable and written down 3. may consist of short, intermediate, and long-term

components included in a final report

1. the original reason for beginning the project 2. a history of the project including pertinent research and planning data 3. an evaluation of the project including- timeliness, budget adherence, and quality control 4. recommendations

3 criteria for project evaluation

1. timeliness 2. budget adherence 3. quality control

4 cognitive capacities to engage in interdisciplinary perspective taking

1. viewing yourself: influence of culture, politics, religion, socio-economic, background on your own views 2. viewing others: identifying and examining perspectives of other and identifying influences on those perspectives 3. viewing cultures: explaining how different access to knowledge, technology, and resources affects cultures 4. viewing disciplines: explaining how communities of expertise understand a situation, event, issue, or phenomenon

A personal branding statement should answer all these statements

1. who you serve (audience) 2. how you do it uniquely (selling points) 3. what you are the best at (value)

Number of hours total needed in IDSC degree plan

120 hours

Amount of core hours needed for IDSC degree plan

41-42 hours

amount of major course hours in areas of emphasis needed for IDSC degree plan

45

amount of IDSC supporting course hours needed for IDSC degree plan

9

highest level of intellectual behavior

Creating

T or F: Each discipline's community of scholars shares a single outlook

False

T or F: complexity theory states that interdisciplinary studies is necessary for all current problems

False

T or F: interdisciplinary studies always relies on inductive logic as opposed to deductive logic

False

Humanities

In the "New Millenium" deconstructing knowledge while paying attention to political context is most associated with interdisciplinary work in:

use of perspective taking

It brings a comprehensive understanding not just a more comprehensive perspective

conferring diplomas is an example of

Legitimization

The journal Obesity publishes a volume that includes separate articles by an economist (discussing the link between obesity and low income), a nutritionist ( discussing the link between obesity and specific dietary behaviors), and a kinesiologist (discussing relationship between childhood obesity and organized sports activities. This volume would be considered

Multidisciplinary

Informed borrowing

Selecting one path to understanding while "bracketing" others

Assumption: there is order to society is most closely related with the disciplines in

Social Sciences

Broad model

The _______________ model draws on all disciplines, for insights, uses all "disciplinary tools," maps complex problems to reveal their complexity and causal links, makes the steps of integration explicit, and creates common ground on the basis of one or more key assumptions, concepts, or theories.

problem centering

The ________________________ approach to integration seeks to attack a pressing problem by drawing on all available disciplinary tools to solve it. The goal of this approach is thus not to advance fundamental knowledge or to make knowledge personally meaningful, but rather to come up with recommendations to address a specific concern.

the advancement of quantitative research methods & the development of area studies

The two most recent influential developments affecting interdisciplinarity in the social sciences

T or F: The final report of a project should include recommendations

True

T or F: conceptual integration explains the innate human ability to create new meaning by blending concepts

True

T or F: the post- WWI desire to reform general education in the USA arose in part because of a perceived lack of national cultural unity linked to rising immigration

True

critical interdisciplinary

a way to solve complex problems (primary focus solve complex problems)

integrative thinking

ability to knit together information from different sources to produce a more comprehensive understanding or create a new meaning

intellectual dexterity

ability to speak to a broad spectrum of knowledge and experience

contextual thinking

ability to view a subject from a broad perspective by placing it in the fabric of time, culture, or personal experience

contingency in certainty

able to create common ground among insights and integrate them in order to create a more comprehensive understanding of the problem. and recognizes that understanding any complex problem is an ongoing process

communicative competence

able to interact with individuals whose disciplinary training, values, and beliefs are different than yours

interdisciplinarity

abosrbs or includes multidisciplinary and transcends it by integrating ideas

concepts

abstract ideas generalized from particular instances or symbols expressed in language that represent phenomena

When a picture of a blindfolded woman holding a set of scales is shown to Susan, she thinks about the impartiality of a fair justice system. This is an example of

abstract thinking

communicative competence

allows constructive interaction with individuals who have different perspectives, training, and values

practical intelligence

applies an idea in an effective way

interdisciplinary thinking

approach to study that is distinct from disciplinary approaches; "intellectual essence" of the field

metacognition

awareness of our own learning and thinking process

discipline/disciplinary

branch or learning body of knowledge; system of knowledge specialities called disciplines

analytical intelligence

breaks problems down into component parts, solves problems, and evaluates the quality of ideas

critical thinking

capacity to analyze, critique, and assess. Shifts focus from narrow disciplinary context to a broader interdisciplinary context

perspective taking

capacity to view problem or subject or artifice from alternative viewpoints resulting in a more comprehensive understanding

self-relfection

careful thinking about your behavior and beliefs, choices, and how these have affected the outcome

critical interdisciplinarians

challenge disciplinary dominance and question the control the disciplines impose on thinking and behavior

interdisciplinary studies

characterized as "smoothie"

contextual thinking

characterized by wholeness, relationship between parts, and assumption that knowledge changes

integrated definition of interdisciplinary studies

cognitive process by which individuals or groups draw on disciplinary perspectives and integrate their insights and modes of thinking to advance their understanding of a complex problem with the goal of applying the understanding to a real world problem

creative thinking

combine previously unrelated ideas, form new relationship among ideas, and thinking outside the box of a narrow disciplinary

transdisciplinarity

combines interdisciplinary with a participatory approach

skills

competencies in applying knowledge effectively or performing a task creatively

successful intelligence

creative intelligence + analytical intelligence + practical intelligence

what is the payoff of integration?

critically evaluating disciplinary insights, locating sources of conflict, creating common ground, and constructing a more comprehensive understanding of the problem

metacognition

detach yourself from your own world view and attitudes and think about how you assembled your own thoughts about things

An agronomist (plant specialist) publishes a study about the response of corn yield to nitrogen applications. The work would be considered

disciplinary

traits

distinguishing characteristics of a person

multidisciplinary approach

each participating disciplines retains separate identity

epistemology of IDSC

embraces epistemological pluralism, rejects the notions of absolute truth and embraces ambiguity arising form conflict and difference

Traits and skills fostered by interdisciplinary studies

entrepreneurship love of learning self reflection communicative competence abstract thinking creative thinking metacogntion

love of learning

even if new ideas challenge ones own thinking

Viewing disciplines

explaining how communities of experts understand a situation, event, or phenomenon (cognitive capacities)

perspective taking theory

five important claims critical to becoming interdisciplinary and functioning successfully in the contemporary world

civic engagement

flows from sense of empathy, ethical consciousness, and heightened sense of responsibility

discipline/disciplinary

focus on a problem or part of a problem the discipline is interested in; no effort to involve other disciplines

disciplinary approach

focus on a problem or part of a problem the disciplines is interested in; no effort to involve other disciplines

creative thinking

form new relationship among ideas, thinking outside the box

creative intelligence

formulate ideas, makes connections

theory

generalized scholarly explanation about some aspect of the natural or human world, how it works, why specific facts are related, that is supported by data and research

revolutionary insights

ideas that have capacity to transform how we learn, and produce new knowledge. Combing ideas from very different areas of understanding

common ground theory

implicity in the concept of integration; created between conflicting disciplinary insights, assumptions, concepts or theories and makes integration possible

"past is prologue"

it affects the present

theory of conceptual integration

interdiscipinarians reject the idea that integration is THE defining feature of genuine interdisciplinary care belief: integration is usually not achievable- epistemological barriers between disciplines, conflicting disciplinary perspectives and modes of thinking, variety of possible results

Seeing commonality amid difference and conflict

interdisciplinarians find the best available solution in a particular contact, given the insights that can currently be drawn from relevant disciplines

an economist, a psychologist, and an expert in special education work together to design a study to assess the full costs of lead exposure in children. This work would be considered

interdisciplinary

complexity in the familiar

interdisciplinary views homelessness as a complex problem of multiple factors that are interconnected proposes solutions that are more comprehensive than are the narrow disciplinary ones

commonality amid difference and conflict

interest in investigating all possible causes of the problem being studied, draws on all relevant disciplinary insights, scrutinize these insights for conflicts, develops and understanding of why the conflicts exist

Purpose of disciplines

interpret reality according to certain prescribed guidelines and provide its members with organizational support

transdisciplinary

involving academic researchers from different unrelated disciplines as well as nonacademic researches from different unrelated disciplines as well as nonacademic participants to create new knowledge and theory and delve into a common question

integrative thinking

is not a defining characteristic of interdisciplinary learning

abstract thinking

mental adaptability and flexibility enables you to use concept and make generalizations

abstract thinking

mental adaptability and flexibility enables you to use concepts and make generalizations

generative technologies

novelty and power find applications of great value; capacity to transform sectors of the economy, develop new sources of wealth, and create new jobs and professions

appreciation of diversity

open to information from any and all relevant sources; respect for people because of our common humanity

tolerance of ambiguity

openness to more than one interpretation, depending on immediate contact, and understanding any complex problem is an ongoing process

complex problems in context

places homeless person in the broadest context possible and ideally draw on all relevant sources of knowledge to more fully understand the cause of the person issues

multidisciplinary

placing side by side of insights from 2 or more disciplines; additive not integrative; relationship is cumulative not interactive

methods

procedures or processes or techniques used by disciplines practitioners to conduct, organize, and present research

most important purpose of interdisciplinary studies

produce a more complete understanding of the problem by integrating the best elements of competing concepts

integrative thinking

producing revolutionary insights and generative technologies requires a capacity for integrative thinking

perspective taking

reduces stereotyping, improves decision quality, develops over time, increases creativity, allows adoption of a broader perspective, and aids integration

minimum depth

refers to knowing the perspective in an overall sense of each discipline relevant to the problem being discussed

epistemology

study of the nature questions such as what is the nature of knowledge how can I know what I know. Different disciplines have different concepts of what constitutes knowledge, how it is produced, and how it should be applied

phenomena

subjects, objects, behaviors within a disciplines research domain

Revolutionary insights and generative technologies require

successful intelligence and integrative thinking

critical interdisciplinary

take methods and tools from various disciplines, "hands on", questions disciplines but hostile to them; aware disciplinary understanding is biased but believe they can evaluate and reveal less-biased insights and integrate into more holistic understanding

entrepreneurship

taking risk to achieve a particular goal

silo perspective

tendency to see world through narrow lens of that disciplines; fails to provide context of that whole system

data

that which is observed can be inanimate object, living things, events, or interactions between people and objects

systems thinking

the ability to break a problem down into constituent parts revealing internal and external factors, figure out how each part relates to the others and to the problem as a whole, identify which parts different disciplines address, and useful to understand how complex problems function and how various parts interrelate- can see how they affect our lives

natural sciences

the assumptions that 1. nature is orderly 2. knowledge is based on experience 3. all phenomena have natural causes

perspective taking

the intellectual capacity to view a complex problem, phenomenon or behavior from multiple perspectives, including disciplinary ones to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the problem

pluralism

the label given to those whole think that reality cannot be explained by one substance or principle; embedded through different forms of study programs

Blooms taxonomy

the levels of intellectual behavior

complexity theory

there are multiple, interconnected and interacting parts; interaction is not always linear or as expected. IDSC is necessary when the phenomenon is multifaceted and functions as a system

interdisciplinary studies

they emphasize process, connection, integration, comprehensive understanding of complex issues, and creation of new approaches and solutions

assumptions

things accepted as true or certain- each discipline makes its own assumptions about that natural and human worlds

purpose of IDSC

to produce more complete understanding of the problem by integrating the best elements of competing concepts, assumptions, theories, or methods

civic engagement

use of nonpolitical and political means to affect the quality of life in a community


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