Interior Design Principles of Design Test Review
Color spectrum
A band of colors produced when white light shines through a prism.
Shape
A closed line creates this. These are 2D, flat and vary
Form
A three-dimensional object or the illusion of three dimensions
Opposition
A type of rhythm that shows a large difference between two things: for example rough and smooth or white and black.
Form
Any three dimensional object that can be measured by height, width and depth.
Hue
Common name for a color.
2:3 and 5:8
Effective ratios for Proportion
Color
Element of art produced when a wavelength of light strikes an object and reflects back to the eyes.
Gradation
Gradual increase or decrease of similar design elements, also called progression
Principles of Design
Guidelines of balance, proportion, emphasis, rhythm, and harmony that tell us how to use the Elements of Design to create pleasing designs.
Secondary colors
Made from mixing equal parts of the primary colors. Orange, Green, Purple
Positive Space
Space in an artwork that is positive. Filled with something, such as lines, designs, color, or shapes.
Color Schemes
Specific patterns of how colors can be used together
Principles of Design
The Guidelines or RULES that help you organize your artwork
Elements of Art
The Ingrediants or TOOLS you use to make art.
Space
The area between and around objects - can also refer to the feeling of depth.
Harmony
The combination of design elements, architecture, and furnishings into a pleasing or orderly whole--a state of agreement of a feeling of rightness. Result of a delicate balance of unity and variety. Congruity or agreement existing among the elements in a design; looks though they belong together; as though some visual connection beyond mere chance has caused them to come together.
Texture
The element of art that refers to the surface quality or feel of an object- its smoothness, roughness.
Emphasis
The principle of design that uses a concentration of interest or area of focus in a particular part or area of a design.
Pattern
The repetition of an object or symbol all over the artwork. This may be achieved by the repitition/combination of lines, colors and shapes
Primary colors
The three basic colors that cannot be made by mixing colors. Red, Yellow, Blue
Contrast
put in opposition to show or emphasize differences
intensity
refers to the brightness or dullness of a color; dull a hue by adding some of the compliment color (color on the opposite side of the color wheel)
Proportion
relation of parts or elements within a whole.
Monochromatic Color Scheme
simplest color harmony; uses one color -- change color by changing the value/intensity of the color
warm colors
yellow, orange, red and colors near them on the color wheel
Rhythm
continuous visual flowing pattern or regular recurrence, the path the eye follows, a visual beat
Diagonal Lines
creates feelings of excitement, movement, and uneasiness
Vertical Lines
creates feelings of formality and dignity
Curved Lines
creates feelings of gracefulness and femininity
Horizontal Lines
creates feelings of restfulness
Decorative Design
design that has extra ornamentation added to it that is not necessary to the function of the object
Structural Design
design that is simple with no extra ornamentation. Form follows function.
Asymmetrical Balance
different objects on either side of a central point, Tends to remain interesting longer, be informal, be more active, and provides a more spacious appearance.
Color
element or property of light
Negative Space
empty spaces surrounding shapes and forms
Horizontal Lines
forces the eye to move from the left to right, creates the illusion of width
Vertical Lines
forces the eye to move up & down, creates the illusion of tallness or slenderizes the wearer when used in apparel
cool colors
found on the opposite side of the color wheel from the warm colors
color spectrum
full range of all existing colors
Split-Complementary Color Scheme
harmony made when one hue is used with two hues adjacent (or next to) its complement
Symmetrical Balance
mirror-image of parts on each side of a center point, Creates a state, stable, dignified, and calm atmosphere in an environment, also called formal balance
Curved Lines
more of an informal design, used to move the eye through/over a design, natural
Naturalistic
pattern that looks just like nature; like a picture was taken
Geometric
pattern that takes inspiration from lines and shape
Conventional
pattern that takes inspiration from nature, but does not look natural
Abstract
pattern that the inspiration is unknown
color harmony
pleasing combination of colors based on their respective positions on the color wheel
Color
the appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation
golden mean
the division of a line between one-half and one-third of its total length. Discovered by the Greeks thousands of years ago
Variety
The use of different lines, shapes, textures, colors and other elements of design to create interest and harmony in a work of art.
Color
This represents the wavelengths of white light reflected off objects and is described with the words hue, value and intensity.
Color Wheel
Tool used to show hues, how they are related to each other, and what colors will be created when mixing paints & dyes together
Neutrals
Black, gray, brown, and white.
color wheel
contains 12 colors and it is the most commonly used tool to understand the basis of all color relationships
Shade
add black to color -- gets darker
value
lightness or darkness of a hue; made by adding white or black
Unity
A feeling that all of the parts are working together as a team- the quality of wholeness.
Line
A mark with length and direction, created by a point that moves across a surface. Directs the eye
Tertiary Colors
Colors made by mixing a primary with a secondary color. Also called intermediate colors.
Complementary Color Scheme
Colors that are directly opposite of each other on the color wheel. When mixed together they make a neutral gray or brown.
Triadic Color Scheme
Combines THREE colors that are equidistant on the color wheel
Accented Neutral Color Scheme
Combines white, gray, black, or beige with ONE other color as an accent
Space
The empty or open area between, around, above, below and within objects.
Scale
Looking at two objects, describing the standard measurement or absolute size of an object or space in relation to each other, to us, and to the space they occupy. (Ex. Fireplace mass should be scaled to space in the room).
Line
a length (straight or curved) without breadth or thickness, lead the eye through a design
Balance
a state of equilibrium, produces equality in a design or outfit, when all sides of design appear equal in visual weight or power of attraction the design seems to have stability
Tint
add white to color -- gets lighter
Visual Weight
apparent "heaviness" or "lightness" of the forms arranged in a composition. This is gauged by how much a shape draws our attention
Radial Balance
balance created from a central point, radiating outward (Ex. Chairs surrounding a round table, flower arrangements, etc.)
Analogous Color Scheme
based on combining 3-5 adjacent hues on the color wheel
neutral color harmony
black and white are the basis of this harmony; combinations of these colors and beige are used in this scheme.
Elements of Design
color, shape, form, line, and texture are combined to form designs.
Transition
type of rhythm; a subtle, visual flow often indicated by a curved line that leads the eye from one point or area to another
Radiation
type of rhythm; objects radiate out in nearly every direction from a central point
Repetition
type of rhythm; shapes, forms, lines, or colors that are repeated in a design
