Interpersonal Final Exam

If a coworker tells you that your new boss is patient, hardworking, you will be more likely to overlook those qualities in your new boss.

False

Men generally talk more about personal feelings, especially their shortcoming or self-doubts.

False

Some researches assert that humans experience only one kind of emotions which are based in biology and thus instinctual and universal.

False

Stereotyping and totalizing are essentially the same process.

False

The I and Me aspects of self are opposing forces.

False

The cognitive labeling view of emotions regards emotions as instinctual responses to external stimuli

False

External obstacles to listening include message overload, message complexity, and noise.

True

Failing to acknowledge another person's feelings or thoughts disconfirms him or her.

True

Fearfully attached individuals tend to feel less hope, disclose less, and experience less satisfaction with relationships than people with other attachment styles

True

Humans generally do not focus on higher (more abstract) needs until more basic needs are first met.

True

In order to avoid the fundamental attribution error, it is best to look for possible external causes for another person's failures and possible internal causes for your own failures.

True

It is common to feel multiple emotions at the same time.

True

It is impossible to avoid communicating when we are with others.

True

Marriage is occurring later in life now than it used to.

True

Monopolizing is detrimental to both the person who is being neglected and the person who is dominating the conversation.

True

Most people feel defensive when others use neutral, rather than empathetic, communication with them.

True

Nonverbal behaviors should be interpreted while keeping in mind individual differences and context.

True

Nonverbal communication is arbitrary, ambiguous and abstract.

True

Nonverbal communication is arbitrary, ambiguous, and abstract.

True

To improve intercultural communication, we should recognize that meanings __________.

exist not in words but in people.

Who were the first to use the term "white" to describe a racial group in the area that is now the U.S.

Europeans when they colonized the U.S.

Reflected appraisal and direct definitions are important in shaping our self-concept in childhood, but do not affect us in childhood.

False

Regulative Rules do not vary across cultures and social groups, so what is acceptable in one context is typically acceptable anywhere.

False

Selective listening is effective because we focus on the most important parts of a message.

False

In _________ cultures, members are responsible for themselves and perhaps their immediate family.

Individualistic

The theory of linguistic determinism states that:

Language determines what we can perceive and think.

It is important to use as much metacommunication as possible during conflict

False

Most relationships are either fully confirming or fully disconfirming, and few relationships fall in between.

False

Mothers are more likely than fathers to challenge children and encourage them to achieve more.

False

People rarely cooperate in helping one another maintain face.

False

Psychological noise is interference in our environments, such as noises made by others, overly dim, or bright lights.

False

Race is no longer a consequential aspect of identity in America today

False

Mindfulness grows out of the decisions to attend fully to another person.

True

Silence is considered a form of nonverbal communication.

True

Clifford Notarius (1996) identified the following three key elements that influence satisfaction in long-term relationships:​

Words, thoughts, and emotions

_________ language tends to be accusatory and abstract.

You

An example of psychological noise is:

being preoccupied with a problem

According to relationship counselors, the most central and continuous tension in the majority of close relationships arises form which of the following dialectical tensions:

Autonomy/Connection

An example of a physiological noise is:

fatigue

Which of the following is personal construct?

how a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligent-unintelligent

Direct definitions, self-fufilling prophecies, attachment styles, and identity scripts are all ways that generalized other influences our self-concept.

False

In general, men and women self-disclose with equal frequency and depth.

False

In the US, the prototype of love focuses on passionate feelings over other qualities.

False

Most adults have the same level of cognitive complexity.

False

The ________ view of emotions posts this model: stimulus > physiological response > emotion.

Organismic

Which of the following is a prototype?

The person who exemplifies a friend to you

In I-It communication, we do not acknowledge the humanity of other people: we may not even affirm their existence.

True

In interpersonal relationships, it is as important to affirm and accept yourself as to affirm and accept others.

True

In some cultures, kisses on both cheeks are the standard mode of greeting and bidding goodbye to business contracts.

True

Individualist cultures tend to assign each member more personal space.

True

Non-verbal communication is rule-guided.

True

People with high status and/or power tent to touch other and invade others' space more than people with less power and/or status.

True

Self-disclosure necessarily involves risks, such as the risk that others will not accept what we reveal or that they might use it against us.

True

Since American culture emphasizes technology and speed, most Americans expect things to happen very quickly.

True

The attachment style an infant develops can change over the course of life.

True

The most difficult and most important thing for developing and maintaining a healthy identity is to make a commitment to personal growth.

True

We following communication rules even when we are not consciously aware of the.

True

A common barrier to intercultural communication occurs when _______.

we assume that similarities exist and that differences do not.

Cross complaining occurs when one persons complaint is met by a counter complaint

True

Love would be placed in which level of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs?

Belonging

All of these statements provide good advice for improving nonverbal communication EXCEPT:

Try to interpret a person's nonverbal communication independent of culture or setting.

According to _________, cultures differ greatly in their attitudes about things they are unsure of.

Uncertainty Avoidance Theory

In general, masculine-gender communities follow this communication rule...

Use talk to accomplish practical goals

Reciprocity of self-disclosure is more important after a relationship has become established than it is in the early days of the relationship.

False

When we respond to a person as if one label totally represents who that person is, we are:

Totalizing

Which type of non-listening actually involves listening very carefully to a message?

Ambushing

"I really know know a lot more about this than you do, so you should listen to me." This comment is an example of communication that:

CLAIMS SUPERIORITY OF THE SPEAKER.

Marge says to Homer, "I don't want to hear it, you cannot change my mind". These statements illustrate:​

Certainty

European mothers were more likely than African American mothers to characterize adolescent daughters as "best friends".

False

Feeling rules define the emotional meaning of situations.

False

Happy and confirming relationships should feature openness rather than closeness

False

We should use you language to express our emotions to others

False

When expressing emotions, it is best to be as general as possible.

False

In a conflict situation, it is most important to focus on the content level meaning rather than the relationship level of meaning.

False- Know who your fighting with not what your fighting about

Which statement is true of grace?

Grace involves forgiving someone for something they did

Which type of non-listening involves listening only for content and ignoring the relationship level of meaning?

Literal Listening

According to ___________, if anything can go wrong, it will.

Murphys Law

Substantial research shows that women and minorities take up less space than white men in Western society. This is related to which aspect of nonverbal communication?

Proxemics

After performing a comprehensive job search, job seekers put together a resume, write a cover letter and then go on job interviews. The situation best exemplifies:

Scripts

Mr. and Mrs. Miller are a highly autonomous couple. Mr. and Mrs. Miller give each other plenty of room and they share less emotionally than the other marital types. The Millers would be best categorized as which of Fitzpatricks marital types?

Separates

What does it mean for language to be ambiguous?

The meanings of words are not clear cut

According to research discussed in chapter 1, for intimates, talking about a vision of a shared future is:

The most powerful tie that links people

According to Goleman, people who have high emotional intelligence quotients are more likely than people with lower EQ's to create satisfying relationships, to be comfortable with themselves, and to work effectively with others.

True

Investments are what we put into relationships that we could not retrieve if the relationship were to end.

True

Recent research shows that we can override the draw of noisy or novel stimuli.

True

Repetition, mnemonics, and regrouping are all ways to help us remember what we hear.

True

Since American culture emphasizes technology and speed, most Americans expect things to happen very quickly:

True

Teachers, peers, and family members are all examples of particular others.

True

The ability to adapt to messages effectively to particular people is known as person-centeredness.

True

The majority of Mediterranean cultures regard lively conflict as normal, valuable part of everyday life.

True

The organismic view regards emotions as instinctual responses to physiological arousal caused by external stimuli

True

The transactional model of interpersonal communication emphasizes the dynamism of interpersonal communication and the multiple roles people take during the process.

True

There is no objectively correct punctuation

True

Today, as our society struggles with changes in women, men, and families, the ideals of manhood are being revised yet again.

True

Understanding communication climates will give you insight into why you feel relaxed and comfortable in some of your relationships and uneasy and defensive in others.

True

Listening skills need to be modified according to the goals, situations, and people to whom we are listening. Using different listening skills when listening for information and for relationship listening is known as:

adapting listening appropriately

Constructive conflict communication includes:

agenda building

" Stop bothering me!" and "I feel we should work as a team" are examples of:

counterfeit emotional language

Most scholars think that most emotions are...

socially constructed

Edwina feels a knot in her stomach when she received a low grade on her exam. She noticed the knot and thought it constituted evidence of anxiety. This situation illustrates:​

the cognitive labeling view of emotions

We are most likely to engage in emotion work when we:

Think what we are feeling is inappropriate

We are most likely to engage in emotion work when weL

Think what we are feeling is inappropriate

A person who controls outward expression of his or her feelings but does not control the inner feelings is engaging in deep acting

False

A person who controls outward expression of his or her feelings but does not control the inner feelings is engaging in deep acting.

False

Brakceting involves interupting in order to get clarification during conflict.

False

Cultural training does not influence which emotions we express and how we express them.

False

Cultures do not differ in their orientations toward time.

False

Emotional intelligence is the ability to listen supportively when other people share their feelings.

False

Every utterance contains either content meaning or relationship meaning.

False

All of the following are reasons why we may refrain from expressing emotions EXCEPT:

Too much emotion work

The ________ model of interpersonal communication is most accurate because it emphasizes the multiple roles that people take during the communication process.

Transactional

The transactional model of interpersonal communication is most accurate because it emphasizes the multiple roles that people take during the communication process.

Transactional

"A good education is the key to success" is an example of an identity script.

True

A majority of lesbian couples create more egalitarian relationships than do either heterosexuals or gay men.

True

The factors that shape our relationships are universal across the cultures of the world.

False

The majority of our interactions involve i-it communication.

False

The speech communities of men and women are socialized to the same styles of listening.

False

The speech community of men and women are socialized to the same styles of listening.

False

A major factor that stands in the way of effective intercultural communication is ________.

Fear

Morgan does not want to take chemistry, because he knows he will fail the class even before taking the course. In addition, he believes that if he takes the course, he won't make any friends in the class. Morgan is suffering from which fallacy?​

Fear of catastrophic expectations

"Memorial Day parades are patriotic, yet sad events" is an example if a _________ rule:

Framing

Paralanguage is communicated through all of these EXCEPT:

Hand Gestures

Information that we know about ourselves but choose not to reveal to most others is found in which area of the johari.

Hidden

If you place a great emphasis on a personal relationships or oral agreements, you are likely from a _______ culture.

High context

Assertiveness and competitiveness are encouraged and considered good in the U.S., so people in the U.S. don't perceive it as unusual for people to compete.

True

Chelsea does not enjoy the speaker's topic, but her goal is to gather and evaluate the information being presented so she can write a report on the presentation. This is an example of ____.

Listening for information

Defensive listening involves perceiving personal attacks, criticism, or hostility in comm. that is not critical or mean-spirited.

True

Of the many influences that shape relationships, four are particularly critical for building and sustaining satisfying personal relationships: investment, commitment, trust, and comfort with relational dialectics.

True

Online communication provides a context for effectively monitoring our interactions with others.

True

Poor listening is the leading reason that some people don't advance in their career.

True

We respond differently to the same phenomenon depending on the meaning we attribute to it.

True

We use stereotypes to make prediction about people and situations.

True

Women and men tend to occupy different social locations in some senses, although they clearly share other social locations.

True

________ in interpersonal relationships involves believing in another persons reliability and emotionally relying on that person.

Trust

A common form of expressing feelings INEFFECTIVELY is:​

Speaking in generalities

What type of communication is confirming bc it feels open, honest, and unpremeditated?

Spontaneity

Charles says, "I would never join a fraternity. All fraternities do is party." Charles' statement is an example of a:

Stereotype

What involves controlling the outward expression of emotion?

Surface Acting

Stanton is giving a speech for the first time. He thinks he is doing well, but his audience can tell that he is very insecure and nervous. This example can be categorized into which part of the Johari window

Blind area

The counterpoint to evaluation is:

Description

The wife nags at her husband because he constantly withdraws from her. The husband withdraws, because he feels that his wife is nagging all the time. The difference between how the husband and wife see their communication behaviors is due to differences in:

Constitutive rules

The transactional model recognizes that noise is absent throughout interpersonal comm.

Fals

Maintaining direct eye contact is a sign of respect and attentiveness around the world

False

Men tend to prefer offering advice about problems while women tend to prefer offering empathy before trying to help solve the problem.

True

Which statement provides good advice for listening supportively to someone who is sharing emotions?

Using paraphrasing to show that you understand how the other person feels

Which statement about social media and expressing emotions is correct?

We are more likely to communicate socially inappropriate feelings when we are anonymous online

Which of the following is a script?

Your expectation of how a friend will behave.

The strongest level of confirmation is:

endorsement

Miguel tries to concentrate during a class lecture, but he can't get his mind off a personal problem. His preoccupation with his personal problem is an example of ____ noise.

psychological

As a rule, women assume most of the ___ which involves remembering, planning, and scheduling family life

psychological responsibility

When communicating online, it is a good idea to use _________ to communicate nonverbal information.

Emoticons

The counterpoint of neutrality is:

Empathy

According to the book, all of the following are guidelines for interpersonal communication competence EXCEPT:

Encourage your imagination

Randy says "I am really bummed out about not getting any job offers." His roommate Lance responds, "Sounds as if you're feeling pretty low about the response so far." Lance's communication is an example of

Paraphrasing

The counterpoint to control is:

Problem Orientation

Which of the following is not a constitutive rule of communication?

Business emails must be answered in 24 hours

Symbols are:

Arbitrary, ambiguous, and abstract.

The personal objects we use to announce our identities and heritage and to personalize our environments are known as:

Artifacts

"I really know a lot more about this than you do, so you should listen to me." This comment is an example of communication that:

Claims superiority of the speaker

Individuals who are more _____ are better able to integrate new info about others and situations.

Cognitively complex

Which types of family has high conversation orientation and high conformity orientation?

Consensual

"One day, I wont have to worry about being single. One day, Ill be married." These statements illustrate how symbols allow for:

Hypothetical Thought

"When you said my idea was stupid, I felt hurt" is an example of ___________ language.

I

According to the perceptual view of emotions, what occurs second?

Perception of event

Evaluating a person as kind or unkind, intelligent or unintelligent, etc., involves using:

Personal Constructs

Cosmetic surgery and eating disorders are associated with _____, one type of nonverbal behavior.

Physical Appearance

Cosmetic surgery and eating disorders are associated with ___________, one type of nonverbal behavior.

Physical appearance

My boss Susan is a great supervisor because she listens to her employee's concerns and ideas. Susan is an example of a(n):

Prototype

To take responsibility for your own feelings, rely on ______ language.

I

Edmund is very attentive and supportive to his son Mylan when he is sober, but when Edmund drinks he often ignores his son and sometimes verbally abuses him. Mylan never knows which way his father will act. If the father is Mylan's primary care giver, Mylan is likely to develop which attachment style?

Anxious-Ambivilent

Verbal communication and nonverbal communication are similar in all of the following except:

Both are perceived as equally believable

Girls and women are expected to be caring, whereas boys and men are expected to be:

Both independent and self-assertive

Chris says he loves Betsy, but he's not sure they have a future together. Chris's feelings toward Betsy indicate he:

Committed

Devin is surprised when his friend burps and belches after their dinner together. Devin says, "Burping and belching is so rude." Devin's perception friend's behavior is based on a __________ rule.

Constitutive

Desi and Consuela are arguing about how to spend the tax refund they received. He says they should get the car fixed; she says they should first go on a vacation; he then suggests they fix the car and use any money left to vacation; she suggests they sell the car and be rid of the problem. Desi and Consuela are engaging in which pattern of unproductive conflict?

Counterproposals

The concept of emotional intelligence was first introduced by:

Daniel Goleman

The five symbolic abilities described in your textbook are.

Definition, evaluation, organization, hypothetical thought, self-reflection

The five symbolic abilities described in your textbook are.

Definition, evaluation, organization, organization, hypothetical thought, self-reflection.

What type of culture has a great respect for authority and there is a great difference in the power held by the people and the ordinary citizen?

High power

Research indicates that in general the LEAST effective and LEAST satisfying response to the tension generated by relational dialectics is to:

Honor one need and ignore the other

Gerd is really upset and she feels like throwing a temper tantrum, even though she's twenty years old. Disregarding the social inappropriateness of her behavior, gerda beats the dor and then kicks it while in a public area. In this instance, Gerda's behavior was motivated by which aspect of herself.

I

Jenema is walking in a mall and a homeless person approaches her and asks for money. Jenema keeps walking without speaking to or looking at the person. The relationship between Jenema and the homeless person is

I-It

"You're a very smart girl," Tammy tells her daughter. Tammy's statement is an example of a:

Identity Script

All of the following are part of the process of human perception EXCEPT:

Imagination

What is not an example of something that is not part of the process of human perception?

Imagination

The culture that prefers info to be explicitly stated in messages is the ____________ culture.

Low context

According to Mead, because of the _____ we can set goals for becoming the person we want to be.

Me

According to Mead, because of the _________, we can set goals for becoming the person we want to be.

Me

Assuming that we understand what another person thinks, perceives, or feels is known as:

Mind reading

Jen and Mark are happily married. Recently, Mark had an affair. He tried to tell Jen about his infidelity. She is completely hurt by his actions. It doesn't matter what Mark says to her, she is very upset and cannot get over the betrayal. This is indicative of how interpersonal comm. is:

Not a panacea

When communication with a person with a disability, all of the following are generally accepted guidelines EXCEPT:

Provide assistance without asking

Which type of communication involves openness to other points of view?

Provisionalism

A low-context culture prefers ___________.

Rules that are spelled out

Nikki believes that she is lovable and that people are loving and can be trusted. Nikki has a ____ attachment style.

Secure

Linnea's parents praise her for earning high marks in her first year in college. Linnea's parents are addressing her ____ needs.

Self-esteem

Jenna believes that she doesn't have the aptitude for stats, so doesn't put much effort into her statistics class. SHe performs poorly in the class, supporting her initial belief. This is an example of a:

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Janet says, "I didn't get a job offer because the interviewer was biased and it was a nasty day; it had nothing to do with my qualifications." This is an example of

Self-serving bias

When Jorge does badly on a test or paper, he usually says either the professor was unfair or he had too much to do that week and couldn't study like he wanted to. But when his friends do badly on a test, he tends to think they're not good in that subject or they aren't disciplined. This is an example of:

Self-serving bias

In some militaryacedemics, such as West Point, using ______ is recognized method of stripping a cadet of personhood if he or she is perceived as having broken the academy code.

Silence

What type of communication is confirming because it feels open, honest, and unpremeditated?

Spontaneity

Achieving closeness through doing is best illustrated by which of the following activities?

Talking about the relationship and what it means

Americans have historically seen raising children as a primary objective of marriage, but it is no longer seen as the goal of marriage.

True

Many scholars argue that race...

is a constructed category.

theory of linguistic determinism states that:

language determines what we can perceive and think

Telling ourselves that we're no good, we can't do something, or there's no point in trying to change is a hurtful form of self-talk called:

self-sabotage

Irene observes that on the most recent test in her engineering class, only two students out of 60 earned higher scored than she did. She concludes that she is smarter than most of the others in class, at least in the subject of engineering. This is an examples of:

social comparison

The tendency to overestimate the internal causes and underestimate the external causes of others' undesirable behaviors is part of:

the fundamental attribution error

According to research discussed in Chapter 1, for intimates, talking about a vision of a shared future is...

the most powerful tie that links people.

Communication does not reflect cultural values and perspectives.

False

It is estimated that nonverbal communication accounts for what percentage of the total meaning in interpersonal communication?`

65-93%

You say to your grandmother that a friend of yours got "lit" at a party. However, your grandmother thought your friend caught on fire. The meaning you assigned for the word "lit" and the meaning that your grandmother assigned word "lit" reminds us that language can change over time, which illustrates what aspect of symbols?

Arbitrary Nature of Symbols

In Bruno's car, he has many bumper stickers and several souvenirs from all the road trips he's taken in that car. What are Brunos personal items examples of?

Artifacts

Corey thinks that people who are outgoing are also friendly, confident, and fun. Corey's assumption that outgoing are also friendly, confident, and fun is inference based on his ____ of the qualities that accompany outgoingness.

Implicit personality theory

Which type of non listening involves listening only for content and ignoring the relationship level of meaning?

Literal listening

What is communication about communication?

Metacommunication

While listening to lecture, Carlos begins to think about the things he needs to do after class, but stops himself and consciously focuses himself on the information being presented in the lecture and takes in as much as he can. This is an example of being....

Mindful `

Manjeet notices that she is the only person who has not spoken in a group conversation. She reminds herself to be involved and to show she's interested in the group's talk, so she speaks up. Manjeet's noticing and changing her communication to be more effective in the situation is an example of:

Monitoring

Mari and her partner respond to the tension in their relationship by deciding to spend part of the weekend together and part of it engaged in separate activities in order to balance their needs for autonomy and connection. This response to relational dialectics is called:​

Neutralization

During a student speech, the campus landscapers begin mowing the lawn , making the student's presentation difficult to hear. The audience is experiencing _______, one of the several listening obstacles.

Noise

According to the process of human perception, the selection process includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Rational judgement

Members of his project group at work consistently comment on Ervin's excellent performance as team leader. Ervin begins to view himself as an effective leader and considers moving into a higher level management position. The process through which Ervin developed this sense of self at work is called:

Reflected Appraisal

The term ____, also called the looking-glass self, refers to our perception of another's view of us.

Reflected Appraisal

Morgan is a teacher and wants to make sure that her students respect one another. She has a rule that if a students wants to talk then the student must raise his/her hand before speaking. This rule helps to:

Regulate interactions

Some couples have a rule that prohibits the adults from arguing in front of their children. This requirement is a:

Regulative

Giving priority to one dialectal need and neglecting the other is known as:

Selection

A form of non listening is ________, which involves focusing on particular parts of a message.

Selective listening

Mariko used so much jargon in her presentation that most people in the audience couldn't understand her. This is an example of what kind of noise?

Semantic

Couple satisfaction seems especially affected by equity in housework and childcare.

True

According to John Gottman, the "magic ratio" for a happy relationship is to have at least 5 pleasant interactions for every 1 unpleasant interaction.

True

According to the cognitive labeling view of emotion, language allows us to move from experience to interpretation.

True

Ambushing is listening carefully for the purpose of attacking a speaker.

True

Assertiveness and competitiveness are encouraged and considered good in the US, so people in the US don't perceive it as unusual for people to compete.

True

Beginning in the late 1700's or early 1800's, most people in the US picked mates based on love and companionship.

True

Communication climate is the overall feeling or emotional mood between people, warm or cold, safe or anxious, comfortable or awkward, accepting or rejecting, open or guarded, that is shaped by verbal and nonverbal interaction between people.

True

Communication climate is the overall feeling or emotional mood between people- warm or cold, safe or anxious, comfortable or awkward, accepting or rejecting, open or guarded-that is shaped by the verbal and nonverbal interaction between people.

True

Conflict is more than just having differences

True

The most active and interpersonally constructive constructive response to relational conflict is the _____ response.

Voice