Intimate Relationships Chapter 7

________ people make an effort to behave in ways that are beneficial to both themselves and others. A) Independent B) Elderly C) Avoidant D) Relational

D) Relational

Kim just started dating Martin. Kim's best friend, Sandy, is mad because she is alone and wishes she had a boyfriend. She has decided to not talk to Kim for a while. Which rule of friendship is Sandy breaking? A) Don't be jealous. B) Stand up for your friend. C) Seek to repay debts and compliments. D) Volunteer in time of need.

A) Don't be jealous.

Bobbi supports her friend Charla, but she thinks that Charla is being underappreciated at her job. She thinks she is being helpful, but every time they talk, she brings it up and tells Charla to stand up for herself more. Charla is starting to get annoyed because it's all Bobbi wants to talk about. Which rule of friendship is Bobbi breaking? A) Don't nag. B) Stand up for your friend. C) Don't be jealous. D) Confide in your friend.

A) Don't nag.

The self-perpetuating cycle of loneliness includes all but which of the following problems? A) Inflated sense of self B) Dull, half-hearted manner of interactions C) Irritating and annoying behavior D) Negative reactions by others

A) Inflated sense of self

Which of the following statements about gender and loneliness is true? A) Men are lonelier on average than women. B) Women are lonelier on average than men. C) In early adulthood, men are less lonely than women, but this trend reverses with age. D) Men rely more on other men to help with their loneliness.

A) Men are lonelier on average than women.

Which of the following characteristics are likely to apply to lonely people? A) Negative attitude toward others and dull interactions B) Strong desire for friendship and too much self-disclosure C) Avoidant attachment style and frequent social contact D) High social anxiety with high self-esteem

A) Negative attitude toward others and dull interactions

In the context of research findings on friendship, which of the following statements is true? A) People who adhere to the rules of friendship have more intimate and satisfying relationships than those who don't. B) In general, men expect more loyalty and similarity in friendships than women do. C) People generally expect their friends to be dissimilar to them in attitude and interests. D) People who value their friendships show less commitment in romantic relationships than those who don't.

A) People who adhere to the rules of friendship have more intimate and satisfying relationships than those who don't.

Which of the following statements is true of social support? A) Social support has physiological effects on people. B) With the exception of those with severe psychological disorders, people are equally skillful at offering social support to those they care about. C) Social support is always beneficial to its recipients. D) Overall, being supported by actual acts of support is more important than believing we will be supported.

A) Social support has physiological effects on people.

In which of the following situations does loneliness occur? A) When there is a difference between the actual level and the desired level of social contact B) When there is a difference between the level of social contact that the person biologically needs and what he or she achieves C) When there is a difference between the level of social contact and one's attachment style D) All of the answers are correct.

A) When there is a difference between the actual level and the desired level of social contact

According to Buhrmester and Furman, during the early elementary years, the key need is for ________, and it is satisfied via relationships with ________. A) acceptance; peers B) security; primary caregivers C) intimacy; same-sex friends D) sexuality; opposite-sex partners

A) acceptance; peers

In the study by Leary where two strangers were asked to converse in a noisy environment, shy people ________ when they could blame the noise for the conversation potentially not going well, and ________ when they were told the noise should not interfere with their conversation. A) did not reveal their shyness; acted shy B) acted shy; acted shy C) did not reveal their shyness; didn't show any shyness D) acted shy; didn't show any shyness

A) did not reveal their shyness; acted shy

Although when she asks (and she asks often), her friends insist that she's important to them and that they like her, Kayla still doubts if her friends like her. Kayla is exhibiting a pattern of: A) excessive reassurance seeking. B) socioemotional selectivity. C) capitalization. D) dyadic withdrawal.

A) excessive reassurance seeking.

When Mara describes herself, she spends a lot of time talking about her roles as a friend, wife, and mother, and she describes a lot of nurturing and caring qualities. Mara is: A) highly relational. B) a high self-monitor. C) high in androgyny. D) high in emotional isolation.

A) highly relational.

In the last 30 years, the number of people who say they have no close confidant has ________, and the average number of intimate partners has ________. A) increased; decreased B) increased; increased C) decreased; decreased D) decreased; increased

A) increased; decreased

Social support that is subtly provided without fanfare is known as: A) invisible support. B) capitalization support. C) responsive support. D) material support.

A) invisible support.

In the context of personality traits, the "Dark Triad" comprises: A) narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. B) narcissism, sadistic personality disorder, and psychopathy. C) bipolar disorder, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. D) sadistic personality disorder, bipolar disorder, and narcissism.

A) narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy.

According to Buhrmester and Furman, full-blown friendships characterized by extensive self-disclosure first emerge during ________. A) preadolescence B) the early elementary years C) young adulthood D) adolescence

A) preadolescence

Which of the following is true of loneliness? A) Personality has little to do with whether someone will be lonely or not. B) Genetic influences have an effect on loneliness. C) Single women are lonelier than single men. D) Self-esteem has little to do with whether someone will be lonely or not.

B) Genetic influences have an effect on loneliness.

According to a study conducted by Werking, which of the following statements is true of friendships in midlife? A) The amount of time spent with friends decreases when one gains a romantic partner, but it increases after marriage. B) People tend to see much less of friends who could be construed by a spouse to be a potential romantic rival. C) Couples tend to have less marital problems when none of their personal friendships involve their spouses. D) When romantic couples have a lot of friends in common, it increases the total number of friends they have.

B) People tend to see much less of friends who could be construed by a spouse to be a potential romantic rival.

According to attachment theorists, which of the following components of attachment involves using a partner as a foundation to explore novel environments? A) Safe haven B) Secure base C) Separation protest D) Proximity seeking

B) Secure base

According to Fung and Carstensen, when people age, they become oriented more toward the present than toward the future, and they emphasize emotional fulfillment to a greater extent. Which of the following theories best supports this statement? A) Activity theory B) Socioemotional selectivity theory C) Continuity theory D) Age stratification theory

B) Socioemotional selectivity theory

Which of the following statements is true of how friendships change after college? A) The number of same-sex friendships stabilizes. B) The average intimacy level of interactions increases. C) The closeness of remaining friendships decreases. D) All of the answers are correct.

B) The average intimacy level of interactions increases.

A common cause of failure in friendships is: A) having friends who are too similar to us. B) being unwilling to follow the rules of friendship. C) one friend making more money than the other. D) entering into a romantic relationship with a friend.

B) being unwilling to follow the rules of friendship.

Sheila is almost always nervous in social settings and is concerned that others are evaluating her negatively. She doesn't think others will want to talk to her because she does not feel good about herself. When she does interact with others, she is awkward and occasionally inappropriate. Sheila can be described as: A) high in reassurance seeking. B) chronically shy. C) low in self-monitoring. D) situationally shy.

B) chronically shy.

In a study of friendship in freshmen class, it was found that college students were ________ with their social networks in the fall after they arrived at college and ________ with their social networks by the end of the spring semester. A) satisfied; satisfied B) dissatisfied; satisfied C) dissatisfied; dissatisfied D) satisfied; dissatisfied

B) dissatisfied; satisfied

When people see more and more of their lover and less of friends, this is known as: A) romantic gazing. B) dyadic withdrawal. C) intensity bonding. D) barriers to friendship.

B) dyadic withdrawal.

Shy individuals often do well when they: A) are in relationships. B) know they cannot be blamed if the interaction goes poorly. C) are given antidepressants. D) are forced to talk in detail about their own anxieties and fears.

B) know they cannot be blamed if the interaction goes poorly.

Emotional loneliness arises because a person: A) lacks a network of friends. B) lacks a single intense relationship. C) feels sad and depressed about the state of the world. D) has fewer friends or contacts than she or he believes that she or he should.

B) lacks a single intense relationship.

Loneliness has: A) very little effect on our physical health. B) noticeable effects on our physical health. C) an effect on the way we think about our health, but no real effect on our health. D) strong effects on the health of those who are temporarily lonely, but little effect on chronically lonely individuals.

B) noticeable effects on our physical health.

People who are lonely: A) make an effort to talk to others and are therefore good conversational partners. B) often have drab or dull interactions with others as they tend to have negative attitudes toward others. C) try too hard to establish intimacy and self-disclose too much. D) think that all others are open to interactions and therefore keep trying even when others don't want to converse with them.

B) often have drab or dull interactions with others as they tend to have negative attitudes toward others.

Norma, a 68-year-old, has a few close friends. These friends are not a very diverse group, but they provide her with the emotional support she needs. Her grandson, in contrast, has a large group of casual friends. These patterns are consistent with: A) the dyadic withdrawal theory. B) socioemotional selectivity theory. C) capitalization. D) high self-monitoring.

B) socioemotional selectivity theory.

In reviewing the studies about young adults' relationships, the text concludes that young adults: A) have shallower relationships after college than they did before. B) tend to interact with fewer friends after college. C) manage to maintain similar frequency of interactions with same-sex friends after college graduation. D) are dissatisfied with the high level of intimacy in interpersonal relationships.

B) tend to interact with fewer friends after college.

According to research in which men were randomly assigned pets, the pets were most beneficial when: A) participants were ill. B) the men had few friends. C) the pets were most affectionate. D) the pets were in need of special caretaking.

B) the men had few friends.

All of the following are rules of friendship EXCEPT: A) "Don't nag." B) "Keep confidences." C) "Keep the friendship exclusive." D) "Volunteer to help in time of need."

C) "Keep the friendship exclusive."

Which of the following sets of words characterize the three main attributes of friendship? A) Affection, communion, and society B) Affection, romance, and companionship C) Affection, communion, and companionship D) None of the answers is correct.

C) Affection, communion, and companionship

Research has found that loneliness can be prevented or reduced by all of the following activities EXCEPT which one? A) Attributing one's loneliness to unstable, short-lived influences rather than lasting deficiencies B) Expending greater effort to enhance friendships rather than focusing such effort on developing romantic attachments C) Avoiding situations that might intensify social anxiety D) Hoping that the situation will improve

C) Avoiding situations that might intensify social anxiety

In the context of research by Buhrmester and Furman on changes in interpersonal needs as children age, which of the following is likely to occur in preadolescence? A) Children start to understand their friends' points of view but largely see their friendships as serving self-interests. B) Children recognize that individual friendships cannot fulfill all emotional and psychological needs and hence spend more time by themselves. C) Children develop skills such as empathy, which form the foundation of close adult relationships. D) Children are willing to play with any other children that are available in the search for a best friend.

C) Children develop skills such as empathy, which form the foundation of close adult relationships.

Which of the following statements is supported by research on peer popularity in elementary school? A) Peer popularity is not predictable in elementary school, so it is not a good measure of subsequent behavior. B) Peer popularity in elementary school predicts peer popularity toward the end of high school. C) Rejection by peers in elementary school is a risk factor for later difficulties. D) None of the answers is correct.

C) Rejection by peers in elementary school is a risk factor for later difficulties.

Martha and George are good friends. Martha is about to move and knows she cannot carry all of her boxes herself. Which rule of friendship should George abide by? A) Don't nag. B) Trust and confide in your friend. C) Volunteer in time of need. D) Don't be jealous.

C) Volunteer in time of need.

Nichole shares good news about her new job with her friend Kari. Kari responds with genuine excitement and enthusiasm. This pattern of interaction is known as: A) material support. B) disclosure reciprocity. C) capitalization. D) dyadic withdrawal.

C) capitalization.

The pattern of interaction in which good friends tend to enhance our delight when we share good news with them is known as: A) respect. B) trust. C) capitalization. D) responsiveness.

C) capitalization.

Loneliness and depression: A) are basically the same psychological condition. B) are related in that it is always loneliness that gives rise to depression. C) differ in that depression is a global state, whereas loneliness is more specific and interpersonal in nature. D) differ in that depressed people do not seek excessive reassurance from others, but lonely people do.

C) differ in that depression is a global state, whereas loneliness is more specific and interpersonal in nature.

A friend of yours meets someone, and they become romantically involved. Your friend spends more time with this person and less time with you. This example illustrates the concept of: A) capitalization. B) socioemotional selectivity. C) dyadic withdrawal. D) self-monitoring.

C) dyadic withdrawal.

According to Marshall, McGuire, and Leaper, women's friendships are characterized by ________, while men's friendships revolve around ________. A) competition; self-disclosure B) self-disclosure; emotional sharing C) emotional sharing; shared activities D) competition; emotional sharing

C) emotional sharing; shared activities

Compared with romantic relationships, friendships involve: A) a greater desire for exclusivity. B) more stringent standards of conduct. C) fewer obligations. D) a lesser amount of fun.

C) fewer obligations.

According to Erik Erikson, the development of ________ is the central task of adulthood. A) industry versus inferiority B) initiative versus guilt C) intimacy versus isolation D) generativity versus stagnation

C) intimacy versus isolation

The social networks of spouses tend to be: A) about the same as when they were single. B) smaller than when they were single. C) larger than when they were single. D) comparable to the networks of their teen years.

C) larger than when they were single.

Shy behavior often: A) induces empathy in others. B) facilitates the behavior of others. C) leads to unfavorable evaluations. D) leads to more stable but less emotional relationships.

C) leads to unfavorable evaluations.

Which of the following is a response to low trust in a relationship? A) A tendency toward greater self-disclosure B) Apathy and indifference C) Increased capitalization D) A tendency to be more guarded and cautious

D) A tendency to be more guarded and cautious

Which type of social support do friends provide? A) Emotional support B) Material support C) Advice support D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements best describes how attachment patterns change during the teen years? A) Parents remain key figures for all four attachment components, but others can also serve these needs. B) The set of attachment components gets restructured, with sex being added as a new attachment function. C) Children begin to shift their secure base from their parents to their peers. D) Peers begin to gradually replace parents as sources of primary attachment.

D) Peers begin to gradually replace parents as sources of primary attachment.

Which of the following statements is true of how people with insecure attachment styles provide and receive social support? A) Insecurely attached people overestimate the helpfulness of favors they receive from others compared with securely attached people. B) People with an anxious style of attachment provide less help than securely attached people. C) People with an avoidant style of attachment are more controlling when they provide help compared with securely attached people. D) People who have insecure attachment styles judge the social support they receive to be less considerate compared with securely attached people.

D) People who have insecure attachment styles judge the social support they receive to be less considerate compared with securely attached people.

According to Buhrmester and Furman, in which of the following phases do children develop a need for intimacy? A) Toddlerhood B) The early elementary years C) Adolescence D) Preadolescence

D) Preadolescence

Grandma Helen used to have many casual friends when she was young, but now she enjoys keeping contact with her close friends and families only. Which of the following perspectives best reflects this decrease in sociability in old age? A) Attachment theory B) Disengagement theory C) Dyadic withdrawal hypothesis D) Socioemotional selectivity theory

D) Socioemotional selectivity theory

People with a highly relational self-construal: A) are most common in Western nations. B) display avoidant attachment styles in friendships. C) value autonomy and independence. D) are more common outside the United States.

D) are more common outside the United States.

During adolescence, time spent with family: A) stays the same. B) increases for girls and decreases for boys. C) decreases, and time spent alone increases. D) decreases as time spent with peers increases.

D) decreases as time spent with peers increases

Alan feels he does not have an intense relationship with anyone in particular although he has a large network of friends and acquaintances. Alan is most likely experiencing: A) social loneliness. B) dyadic withdrawal. C) socioemotional selectivity. D) emotional loneliness.

D) emotional loneliness.

Research has found that loneliness causes all of the following EXCEPT: A) chronically higher blood pressure. B) higher levels of the stress hormone. C) poor sleep habits. D) hypersexuality.

D) hypersexuality.

Mike frequently abuses his pet dog but seldom feels remorseful about his actions. He often exceeds the legally permitted speed limit when he is racing on his expensive bike and can be extremely insensitive to others' feelings in his arguments and criticism. According to this description, Mike is most likely to be diagnosed with: A) narcissism. B) borderline personality disorder. C) Machiavellianism. D) psychopathy.

D) psychopathy.

"Safe haven" refers to: A) making constant contact with an attachment figure. B) resisting separation from an attachment figure. C) using an attachment figure as a secure base from which to explore the world. D) seeking out an attachment figure for reassurance after a stressful event.

D) seeking out an attachment figure for reassurance after a stressful event.