Intrapartum

The nurse is admitting a client who is in early labor. After determining that the birth is not imminent, which assessment should the nurse perform next? Risk factors Maternal status Fetal status Maternal obstetrical history

Fetal status

A client is in active labor. Checking the EFM tracing, the nurse notes variables that are abnormal. What would be the nurse's first nursing intervention? Help the woman change positions. Obtain assistance to check for a compressed umbilical cord. Prepare the woman for an emergency cesarean birth. Document the finding.

Help the woman change positions.

The nursing student demonstrates an understanding of dystocia with which statement? "Dystocia is diagnosed at the start of labor." "Dystocia is not diagnosed until after the birth." "Dystocia is diagnosed after labor has progressed for a time." "Dystocia cannot be diagnosed until just before birth."

"Dystocia is diagnosed after labor has progressed for a time."

The nurse is caring for a client in active labor who has had a fetal blood sampling to check for fetal hypoxia. The nurse determines that the fetus has acidosis when the pH is: 7.15 or less. 7.25 or more. 7.20. 7.21.

7.15 or less. In the hypoxic fetus, the pH will fall below 7.2, which is indicative of fetal distress

The nurse is monitoring a client in the first stage of labor. The nurse determines the client's uterine contractions are effective and progressing well based on which finding? Engagement of fetus Dilation (dilatation) of cervix Rupture of amniotic membranes Bloody show

Dilation (dilatation) of cervix

The nurse is instructing on maternal hormones which may impact the onset of labor. Which hormones are included in the discussion? Select all that apply. Testosterone Oxytocin Thyroxine Progesterone Prostaglandins Insulin

Oxytocin Progesterone Prostaglandins

The nurse has been asked to present information to a group of civic leaders concerning women's health issues. In preparing the information, the nurse includes what goal from Healthy People 2030 related to women in labor? Reduce the rate of cesarean births among low-risk women. Encourage women with previous cesareans to always have a cesarean. Ensure care during labor includes immunizations. Ensure all couples receive preconception genetic counseling.

Reduce the rate of cesarean births among low-risk women.

A client presents to the birthing center in labor. The client's membranes have just ruptured. Which assessment is the nurse's priority? FHR signs of infection fetal position maternal comfort level

FHR

A laboring client is experiencing dysfunctional labor or dystocia due to the malfunction of one or more of the "four Ps" of labor. Which scenario best illustrates a power problem? The fetus is macrosomic. The mother is fighting the contractions. The mother has a small pelvic opening. Uterine contractions are weak and ineffective.

Uterine contractions are weak and ineffective.

If a fetus were not receiving enough oxygen during labor because of uteroplacental insufficiency, which pattern would the nurse anticipate seeing on the monitor? a shallow deceleration occurring with the beginning of contractions variable decelerations, too unpredictable to count fetal baseline rate increasing at least 5 mm Hg with contractions fetal heart rate declining late with contractions and remaining depressed

fetal heart rate declining late with contractions and remaining depressed

A client at 35 weeks' gestation is now in stable condition after being admitted for vaginal bleeding. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize? fetal heart tones signs of shock infection uterine stabilization

fetal heart tones

A primary care provider prescribes intravenous tocolytic therapy for a woman in preterm labor. Which agent would the nurse expect to administer? magnesium sulfate nifedipine indomethacin betamethasone

magnesium sulfate

The health care provider approves a labor plan which includes analgesia. The client questions how analgesia will help her pain during labor. Which answer is best? "The analgesia will limit your ability to be out of bed without assistance." "The analgesia will block pain sensation and limit your ability to push." "The analgesia will reduce the sensation of pain for a limited period of time." "The analgesia will allow for a pain-free birth experience."

"The analgesia will reduce the sensation of pain for a limited period of time."

A woman's husband expresses concern about risk of paralysis from an epidural block being given to his wife. Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? "An injury is unlikely because of expert professional care given." "I have never read or heard of this happening." "The injection is given in the space outside the spinal cord." "The injection is given at the third or fourth thoracic vertebrae so paralysis is not a problem."

"The injection is given in the space outside the spinal cord."

The health care provider has determined that the source of dystocia for a woman is related to the fetus size. The nurse understands that macrosomia would indicate the fetus would weigh: 4,000 g to 4500 g 3,500 g to 4000 g 2500 to 3000 g 3,000 g to 3500 g

4,000 g to 4500 g

The nurse tests the pH of fluid found on the vaginal exam and determines that the woman's membranes have ruptured based on which result? 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5

6.5 The amniotic fluid is alkaline

The first stage of labor is often a time of introspection. In light of this, which information would guide the nurse's plan of care? A woman should be left entirely alone during this period. A woman will rarely speak or laugh during this period. A woman may spend time thinking about what is happening to her. No nursing care is needed to be done during this time.

A woman may spend time thinking about what is happening to her.

The nurse is reviewing the medication administration record (MAR) of a client at 39 weeks' gestation and notes that she is ordered an opioid for pain relief. Which is an assessment priority after administering? Assess maternal blood pressure. Assess for constipation. Assess for dry mouth. Assess fetal heart rate.

Assess fetal heart rate.

During an admission assessment of a client in labor, the nurse observes that there is no vaginal bleeding yet. What nursing intervention is appropriate in the absence of vaginal bleeding when the client is in the early stage of labor? Monitor vital signs. Assess the amount of cervical dilation (dilatation). Obtain urine specimen for urinalysis. Monitor hydration status.

Assess the amount of cervical dilation (dilatation).

A client has just received combined spinal epidural. Which nursing assessment should be performed first? Assess vital signs. Assess pain level using a pain scale. Assess for progress in labor. Assess for spontaneous rupture of membranes. Assess for fetal tachycardia.

Assess vital signs.

Which documentation in the health record is most correct for the third stage of labor? Begins with the time of delivery of the fetus and ends with the time of the delivery of the placenta. Begins with the time of full cervical dilation (dilatation) and ends with the delivery of the fetus. Begins with the time of placental delivery and ends when the health care provider is satisfied that there are no placental fragments. Begins with the time of placental delivery and ends 48 hours later.

Begins with the time of delivery of the fetus and ends with the time of the delivery of the placenta.

With which findings would the nurse anticipate a diagnosis of false labor? Regular contractions 8 minutes apart A feel of pressure in the pelvic region Cervical dilation of 1 cm Softening of the cervix

Cervical dilation of 1 cm

There are four essential components of labor. The first is the passageway. It is composed of the bony pelvis and soft tissues. What is one component of the passageway? False pelvis Cervix Perineum Uterus

Cervix

The nurse is monitoring a laboring client with continuous fetal monitoring and notes a decrease in FHR with variable deceleration to 75 bpm. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize? Administer oxygen. Increase her IV fluids. Change the position of the client. Notify the primary care provider.

Change the position of the client. Variable decelerations often indicate a type of cord compression. The initial response is to change the position and try to release the cord compression.

The nurse is admitting a client who is in labor who reports her husband and doula will be arriving shortly. Which action should the nurse prioritize in response? Determine what activities the doula is qualified to handle Ask the client who she would like to see first Continue with the admission assessment Print a copy of the instructions for the doula to sign

Continue with the admission assessment

Which cardinal movement of delivery is the nurse correct to document by station? Descent Flexion Extension Internal rotation

Descent

Which cardinal movement of delivery is the nurse correct to document by station? Descent Flexion Extension Internal rotation

Descent Descent is documented by station, which is the relationship of the fetal presenting part to the maternal ischial spines. Descent continues throughout labor until the fetus reaches the fetal station of +4.

The nurse is monitoring a woman who is receiving IV oxytocin to assist with uterine irritability. Which action should the nurse prioritize if the woman's contractions are determined to be 80 seconds in length after 1 hour of administration of the oxytocin? Slow the infusion to under 10 gtts per minute. Increase the flow rate of the main line infusion. Discontinue the oxytocin infusion. Continue to monitor contraction duration every 2 hours.

Discontinue the oxytocin infusion. If uterine contractions lengthen beyond 70 seconds, there is apt to be an interference with fetal circulation.

The nurse is monitoring a client who is in the second stage of labor, at +2 station, and anticipating birth within the hour. The client is now reporting the epidural has stopped working and is begging for something for pain. Which action should the nurse prioritize? Call the anesthetist from the nurse's station to retry the epidural. Call the primary care provider, and obtain a reduced dose of meperidine. Give the meperidine because she needs pain relief now. Encourage her through the contractions, explaining why she cannot receive any pain medication.

Encourage her through the contractions, explaining why she cannot receive any pain medication. At this point, any medication would be contraindicated as it would pass to the fetus and may cause respiratory depression. The nurse will have to work with the mother through the contractions and pushing. The client has progressed too far to retry the epidural medication. No meperidine should be given due to the risk to the fetus.

How does a woman who feels in control of the situation during labor influence her pain? Feelings of control are inversely related to the client's report of pain. Decreased feeling of control helps during the third stage. There is no association between the two factors. Feeling in control shortens the overall length of labor.

Feelings of control are inversely related to the client's report of pain.

Which consideration is a priority when caring for a mother with strong contractions 1 minute apart? Fetal heart rate in relation to contractions The station in which the fetus is located Maternal heart rate and blood pressure Maternal request for pain medication

Fetal heart rate in relation to contractions

The client in active labor overhears the nurse state the fetus is ROA. The nurse should explain this refers to which component when the client becomes concerned? Fetal station Fetal attitude Fetal position Fetal size

Fetal position

Which type of anesthesia is anticipated when the delivery of the fetus must be done quickly due to an emergency situation? General Regional Local Short acting

General

Which is the most important nursing assessment of the mother during the fourth stage of labor? The mother's psyche Blood pressure Hemorrhage Heart rate

Hemorrhage

The nurse is assisting a client through labor, monitoring her closely now that she has received an epidural. Which finding should the nurse prioritize to the anesthesiologist? Dry, cracked lips Urinary retention Rapid progress of labor Inability to push

Inability to push

A pregnant client is admitted to a maternity clinic for birth. Which assessment finding indicates that the client's fetus is in the transverse lie position? Long axis of fetus is at 60° to that of client. Long axis of fetus is parallel to that of client. Long axis of fetus is perpendicular to that of client. Long axis of fetus is at 45° to that of client.

Long axis of fetus is perpendicular to that of client.

Which nursing intervention offered in labor would probably be the most effective in applying the gate control theory for relief of labor pain? Encourage the woman to rest between contractions. Change the woman's position. Give the prescribed medication. Massage the woman's back.

Massage the woman's back.

A 32-year-old woman presents to the labor and birth suite in active labor. She is multigravida, relaxed, and talking with her husband. When examined by the nurse, the fetus is found to be in a cephalic presentation. His occiput is facing toward the front and slightly to the right of the mother's pelvis, and he is exhibiting a flexed attitude. How does the nurse document the position of the fetus? LOA LOP ROA ROP

ROA

The nurse would prepare a client for amnioinfusion when which action occurs? Severe variable decelerations occur and are due to cord compression. Fetal presenting part fails to rotate fully and descend in the pelvis. The fetus shows abnormal fetal heart rate patterns. Maternal pushing is compromised due to anesthesia.

Severe variable decelerations occur and are due to cord compression.

The nurse is preparing to teach a group of soon-to-be new parents about the labor process. When detailing the differences between the various presentations, which one should the nurse point out seldom happens? Breech Shoulder Oblique lie Transverse lie

Shoulder

When planning a labor experience for a primigravid, understanding which characteristic of labor pain is most helpful? All pain is the same. The characteristics of labor pain follow a pattern. Women innately know how to deal with labor pain. If the woman is in too much pain, a cesarean birth is an option.

The characteristics of labor pain follow a pattern.

When planning a labor experience for a primigravid, understanding which characteristic of labor pain is most helpful? All pain is the same. The characteristics of labor pain follow a pattern. Women innately know how to deal with labor pain. If the woman is in too much pain, a cesarean birth is an option.

The characteristics of labor pain follow a pattern.

A 24-year-old primigravida client at 39 weeks' gestation presents to the OB unit concerned she is in labor. Which assessment findings will lead the nurse to determine the client is in true labor? The contraction pains are 2 minutes apart and 1 minute in duration. The client reports back pain, and the cervix is effacing and dilating. The contraction pains have been present for 5 hours, and the patterns are regular. After walking for an hour, the contractions have not fully subsided.

The client reports back pain, and the cervix is effacing and dilating.

A woman in active labor suddenly experiences a sharp, excruciating low abdominal pain, which the nurse suspects may be a uterine rupture since the shape of the abdomen has changed. The nurse calls a code, and a cesarean birth is performed stat, but the infant does not survive the trauma. A few hours later, after the woman has stabilized, she asks to hold and touch her infant, and the nurse arranges this. Later, the nurse's documentation should include which outcome statement? The parents continue to mourn the loss of their infant. The parents just cannot believe their perfect infant died. The parents are beginning to demonstrate positive grieving behaviors. The parents are exhibiting dysfunctional coping mechanisms related to the death of their newborn.

The parents are beginning to demonstrate positive grieving behaviors.

A client has been admitted to the birthing suite in labor. She has been in labor for 12 hours and is dilated to 4 cm. The primary care provider notes that the client is in hypotonic labor. What does this mean? The uterine contractions may or may not be regular, but the quantity or quality or strength is insufficient to dilate the cervix. The uterine contractions are irregular, but the quantity or quality or strength is insufficient to dilate the cervix. The uterine contractions are regular, but the quantity or quality or strength is insufficient to dilate the cervix. The uterine contractions may or may not be regular, but the quantity or quality or strength is sufficient to dilate the cervix.

The uterine contractions are regular, but the quantity or quality or strength is insufficient to dilate the cervix.

Which assessment finding is most important as labor progresses? T he client is remaining in control of emotions. Labor is completed within 18 hours. The uterus relaxes completely between contractions. The pulse and respirations rise with the work of labor.

The uterus relaxes completely between contractions. It is most important that the uterus relaxes completely between contractions. If not, sufficient blood flow to the placenta and oxygen to the fetus may be interrupted.

The laboring client who is at 3 cm dilation (dilatation) and 25% effaced is asking for analgesia. The nurse explains the analgesia usually is not administered prior to the establishment of the active phase. What is the appropriate rationale for this practice? This would cause fetal depression in utero. This may prolong labor and increase complications. The effects would wear off before birth. This can lead to maternal hypertension.

This may prolong labor and increase complications.

There has been much research done on pain and the perception of pain. What is the result of research done on levels of satisfaction with the control of labor pain? Women report higher levels of satisfaction when regional anesthetics are used to control pain. Women report higher levels of satisfaction when they felt they had a high degree of control over the pain experience. Women report higher levels of satisfaction when the primary care provider makes the decision on what type of pain control to use. Women report higher levels of satisfaction when different types of relaxation techniques are used to control pain.

Women report higher levels of satisfaction when they felt they had a high degree of control over the pain experience.

A woman experiences an amniotic fluid embolism as the placenta is delivered. The nurse's first action would be to: administer oxygen by mask. increase her intravenous fluid infusion rate. put firm pressure on the fundus of her uterus. tell the woman to take short, catchy breaths.

administer oxygen by mask.

Which nursing action has a negative effect on fetal descent? laying the client on the left side using a tap water enema administering opioid pain medication walking the client in the hall

administering opioid pain medication

The nurse caring for a client in preterm labor observes abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns. Which nursing intervention should the nurse perform next? application of vibroacoustic stimulation tactile stimulation administration of oxygen by mask fetal scalp stimulation

administration of oxygen by mask

The nurse determines that the fetal heart rate averages approximately 140 beats per minute over a 10-minute period. The nurse identifies this as: fetal bradycardia. baseline FHR. short-term variability. baseline variability.

baseline FHR.

The nurse plays a major role in assessing the progress of labor. The nurse integrates understanding of the typical rule for monitoring labor progress. Which finding would the nurse correlate with this rule? cervix dilates 1 cm per hour fetus descends 2 cm per hour fetus descends 1 cm per hour cervix dilates 2 cm per hour

cervix dilates 1 cm per hour

When explaining to a class of pregnant women why labor begins, the nurse will include the fact that there are several theories that have been proposed to explain why labor begins, although none have been proven scientifically. Which idea is one of those theories? change in estrogen-to-progesterone ratio decrease in number of oxytocin receptors decrease in the level of estrogen decrease in prostaglandins, leading to myometrium contractions

change in estrogen-to-progesterone ratio

Which intervention would be most important when caring for the client with breech presentation confirmed by ultrasound? applying suprapubic pressure against the fetal back continuing to monitor maternal and fetal status noting the space at the maternal umbilicus auscultating the fetal heart rate at the level of the umbilicus

continuing to monitor maternal and fetal status

Which finding would lead the nurse to suspect that the fetus of a woman in labor is in hypertonic uterine dysfunction? lack of cervical dilation past 2 cm fetal buttocks as the presenting part reports of severe back pain contractions most forceful in the middle of uterus rather than the fundus

contractions most forceful in the middle of uterus rather than the fundus

A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor. For which fetal response should the nurse monitor? decrease in arterial carbon dioxide pressure increase in fetal breathing movements increase in fetal oxygen pressure decrease in circulation and perfusion to the fetus

decrease in circulation and perfusion to the fetus

Which intervention would be least effective in caring for a woman who is in the transition phase of labor? having the client breathe with contractions providing one-to-one support encouraging the woman to ambulate urging her to focus on one contraction at a time

encouraging the woman to ambulate

A client at 38 weeks' gestation has an ultrasound performed at a routine office visit and learns that her fetus has not moved out of a breech position. Which intervention does the nurse anticipate for this client? external cephalic version trial labor forceps birth vacuum extraction

external cephalic version

A pregnant client at 32 weeks' gestation has been admitted to a health care center reporting decreased fetal movement. Which fetal structure should the nurse determine first before auscultating the fetal heart sounds? fetal back fetal head fetal shoulders fetal buttocks

fetal back The nurse assessing the client should first determine the fetal back before placing the fetoscope on the client's abdomen. The fetal back is determined first because it is through the back that the heart signals are best transmitted.

The nurse is discussing the various positions for birth with a client and her partner. The client mentions she would like a position that speeds up the process, decreases stress to her baby, and reduces the possibility of needing an episiotomy. Which position should the nurse point out will best meet the client's desires? lithotomy modified dorsal recumbent side-lying hands and knees

hands and knees

A client in active labor is given spinal anesthesia. Which information would the nurse include when discussing with the client and family about the disadvantages of spinal anesthesia? passage of the drug to the fetus headache following anesthesia excessive contractions of the uterus increased frequency of micturition

headache following anesthesia

At 31 weeks' gestation, a 37-year-old woman with a history of preterm birth reports cramps, vaginal pain, and low, dull backache accompanied by vaginal discharge and bleeding. Assessment reveals cervix 2.1 cm long; fetal fibronectin in cervical secretions, and cervix dilated 3 to 4 cm. Which interactions should the nurse prepare to assist with? bed rest and hydration at home hospitalization, tocolytic, and corticosteroids an emergency cesarean birth careful monitoring of fetal movement (kick) counts

hospitalization, tocolytic, and corticosteroids

A client calls the clinic asking to come in to be evaluated. She states that when she went to bed last night the fetus was high in the abdomen, but this morning the fetus feels like it has dropped down. After asking several questions, the nurse explains this is probably due to: lightening. start of labor. placenta previa. rupture of the membranes.

lightening.

A client in labor has been admitted to the labor and birth suite. The nurse assessing the woman notes that the fetus is in a cephalic presentation. Which description should the nurse identify by the term presentation? relationship of the presenting part to the maternal pelvis part of the fetal body entering the maternal pelvis first relation of the fetal presenting part to the maternal ischial spine relation of the different fetal body parts to one another

part of the fetal body entering the maternal pelvis first

A nurse is educating a group of nursing students about the molding of the fetal skull during the birth process. What would the nurse include as the usual cause of molding? tight membranous attachments poorly ossified bones of the cranial vault rigid bones at the base of the skull well-ossified bones of the face

poorly ossified bones of the cranial vault

When caring for a client requiring a forceps-assisted birth, the nurse would be alert for: increased risk for uterine rupture. potential lacerations and bleeding. increased risk for cord entanglement. damage to the maternal tissues.

potential lacerations and bleeding.

When assessing fetal heart rate patterns, which finding would alert the nurse to a possible problem? variable decelerations prolonged decelerations early decelerations accelerations

prolonged decelerations

A nurse is explaining to a pregnant client about the changes occurring in the body in preparation for labor. Which hormone would the nurse include in the explanation as being responsible for causing the pelvic connective tissue to become more relaxed and elastic? relaxin progesterone oxytocin prolactin

relaxin

A 19-year-old female presents in advanced labor. Examination reveals the fetus is in frank breech position. The nurse interprets this finding as indicating: the buttocks are presenting first with both legs extended up toward the face. the fetus is sitting cross-legged above the cervix. one leg is presenting. one arm is presenting.

the buttocks are presenting first with both legs extended up toward the face.

A client with a pendulous abdomen and uterine fibroids (uterine myomas) has just begun labor and arrived at the hospital. After examining the client, the primary care provider informs the nurse that the fetus appears to be malpositioned in the uterus. Which fetal position or presentation should the nurse most expect in this woman? transverse lie anterior fetal position cephalic presentation occipitoposterior position

transverse lie

A client with a pendulous abdomen and uterine fibroids (uterine myomas) has just begun labor and arrived at the hospital. After examining the client, the primary care provider informs the nurse that the fetus appears to be malpositioned in the uterus. Which fetal position or presentation should the nurse most expect in this woman? transverse lie anterior fetal position cephalic presentation occipitoposterior position

transverse lie

The nurse is analyzing the readout on the EFM and determines the FHR pattern is normal based on which recording? Acceleration of at least 15 bpm for 15 seconds Increase in variability by 27 bpm Deceleration followed by acceleration of 15 bpm Decrease in variability for 15 seconds

Acceleration of at least 15 bpm for 15 seconds

A woman is in labor with her second child. She knows that she will want epidural anesthesia, and she has already signed her consent form. What must the nurse do before the woman receives the epidural? Review the woman's medical history and laboratory results, and interview her to confirm all information is accurate and up to date. Place the woman in the fetal position on the table, and keep her steady so that she won't move during the procedure. Administer a fluid bolus through the IV line to reduce the risk of hypotension. Prepare a sterile field with the supplies and medications that will be needed.

Administer a fluid bolus through the IV line to reduce the risk of hypotension. Epidurals can cause vasodilatation and result in hypotensive episodes. IV fluid bolus prior to epidural placement can help prevent the hypotensive episode.

A woman is going to have labor induced with oxytocin. Which statement reflects the induction technique the nurse anticipates the primary care provider will prescribe? Administer oxytocin in a 20 cc bolus of saline. Administer oxytocin in two divided intramuscular sites. Administer oxytocin diluted in the main intravenous fluid. Administer oxytocin diluted as a "piggyback" infusion.

Administer oxytocin diluted as a "piggyback" infusion. Oxytocin is always infused in a secondary or "piggyback" infusion system so it can be halted quickly if overstimulation of the uterus occurs.

When developing a labor plan with the client, which outcome is the priority? The client will deliver the fetus vaginally. The client will be pain-free during the labor process. The client will direct her pain management techniques. The client will attend all prenatal classes prior to delivery.

The client will direct her pain management techniques.

The nurse is caring for a client at 39 weeks' gestation who is noted to be at 0 station. The nurse is correct to document which? The client is fully effaced. The fetus is floating high in the pelvis. The fetus is in the true pelvis and engaged. The fetus has descended down the birth canal.

The fetus is in the true pelvis and engaged.

Which possible outcome would be a major disadvantage of any pain relief method that also affects awareness of the mother? The father's coaching role may be disrupted at times. The infant may show increased drowsiness. The mother may have continued memory loss postpartum. The mother may have difficulty working effectively with contractions.

The mother may have difficulty working effectively with contractions.

A nurse is preparing a client for rhythm strip testing. She places the woman into a semi-Fowler position. What is the appropriate rationale for this measure? To prevent supine hypotension syndrome To decrease the heart rate of the fetus To aid the woman as she pushes during labor To prevent the woman from falling out of bed

To prevent supine hypotension syndrome

A primigravida client at 38 weeks' gestation calls the clinic and reports, "My baby is lower and it is more difficult to walk." Which response should the nurse prioritize? "The baby has dropped into the pelvis; your body and baby are getting ready for labor in the next few weeks." "This is not normal unless you are in active labor; come to the hospital and be checked." "That is something we expect with a second or third baby, but because it is your first, you need to be checked." "The baby moved down into the pelvis; this means you will be in labor within 24 hours, so wait for contractions then come to the hospital."

"The baby has dropped into the pelvis; your body and baby are getting ready for labor in the next few weeks."

A nurse is conducting an in-service program for staff nurses working in the labor and birth unit. The nurse is discussing ways to promote a positive birth outcome for the woman in labor. The nurse determines that additional teaching is necessary when the group identifies which measure? promoting the woman's feelings of control providing clear information about procedures allowing the woman time to be alone encouraging the woman to use relaxation techniques

allowing the woman time to be alone