Intro coun MT part.2

One reason for the current trend toward a(n) _________ to the helping process is the recognition that no single theory is comprehensive enough to account for the complexities of human behavior when the full range of client types and their specific problems are taken into consideration. a. behavioral approaches b. family systems approach c. postmodern approaches d. integrative model

integrative model

An example of diversity is people in lower socioeconomic classes consistently receiving more severe diagnoses than people in higher socioeconomic classes. a. True b. False

False

Assertive behavior is a consistent and ongoing attitude of openness with a genuine commitment by the counselor to continually invite the client to explore issues of diversity. a. True b. False

False

Experienced helpers are adept at solving problems for a diverse range of clients because they do not have to question the adequacy of their own skills. a. True b. False

False

Psychodynamic practitioners are concerned with teaching clients how to be their own therapist. a. True b. False

False

The goal of termination of brief therapy is to help clients maintain the gains they have made by using what they learned in counseling when they need it in the future. a. True b. False

False

The miracle question directs clients to those times in their lives when their problems did not exist or when the problem was less severe. a. True b. False

False

The multicultural perspective reflects a valuing of fairness and equal treatment for marginalized and devalued individuals and groups of people who do not share equally in society. a. True b. False

False

The person-centered, existential, and Gestalt therapies were most likely to increase in popularity. a. True b. False

False

While collaboratively establishing goals, a helper should move quickly to solving the presented problem, without exploring the client's feelings. a. True b. False

False

Working with transference therapeutically is an effective way to understand the feelings of clients toward their helpers. a. True b. False

False

It is critical that helpers understand how to deal effectively with the feelings of clients toward them rather than focusing on their own corresponding feelings. a. True b. False

False????

An ideal multicultural training program should explain a broad range of ethical decision-making skills related to multicultural counseling, besides addressing professional ethics, multicultural counseling competence, and social justice counseling issues. a. True b. False

True

Assessment consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a client's life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process. a. True b. False

True

Clients are invited to consider returning to counseling months or even years after termination of brief therapy if they want assistance in dealing with future life adjustment or developmental challenges. a. True b. False

True

Clients from a Chinese culture tend to focus more on the family rather than individual interests. a. True b. False

True

For overwhelming clients, helpers need to intervene and slow down their clients' emotions. a. True b. False

True

Issues pertaining to restrictions should be addressed in the initial phase of brief therapy. a. True b. False

True

Motivational interviewing is a humanistic, client-centered, directive counseling approach in which the therapeutic relationship is central to understanding the change process. a. True b. False

True

One of the systemic principles of family therapy is that symptoms are an expression of a dysfunction within the family system. a. True b. False

True

The existential approach is the foundation of an integrative approach to counseling. a. True b. False

True

Which of the following are desired outcomes of the helping process that are agreed upon by the helper and the client? a. Goals b. Client benefits c. Work values d. Realistic plans

a. Goals

Which of the following is one of the goals of building a quality therapeutic alliance? a. Making clients deal realistically with problems b. Offering quick solutions c. Identifying the nature of clients' problems d. Conceptualizing client's concerns

a. Making clients deal realistically with problems

Which of the following statements is true regarding narrative therapy? a. Narrative therapists invite clients to describe their experience in fresh language, which tends to open new vistas of what is possible. b. The approach includes a discussion of how a problem has been disrupting, dominating, or discouraging the person. c. Narrative therapists are the primary interpreters of their clients' experiences. d. The approach stresses client self-responsibility and promotes an invitational style for working with clients to generate alternative solutions to behavioral problems.

a. Narrative therapists invite clients to describe their experience in fresh language, which tends to open new vistas of what is possible.

What is the main concern of a beginning helper having fears and self-doubts? a. Possessing the ability to help all clients b. Being perfect c. Overcoming anxiety when facing a new or threatening situation d. Being aware of one's own dynamics

a. Possessing the ability to help all clients

Which of the following is not an approach of contemporary developments in the cognitive behavioral tradition? a. Rational emotive behavior therapy b. Mindfulness-based stress reduction c. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy d. Dialectical behavior therapy

a. Rational emotive behavior therapy

Which of the following is a trait of a culturally encapsulated counselor? a. Showing insensitivity to cultural variations among individuals b. Being unaware of differences in cultural definitions of health and illness c. Being open to learning about other cultures and being willing to learn from culturally diverse clients d. Respecting the clients' values and asking them what they want from him or her and why they are seeking counseling

a. Showing insensitivity to cultural variations among individuals

Which of the following entails a paradigm shift beyond the individual and represents a proactive concern with advocacy and social change? a. Social justice work b. Multicultural competence c. Socialization d. Group counseling

a. Social justice work

Identifying exceptions to one's problems is a characteristic of which stage of the helping process? a. Stage 2 b. Stage 1 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4

a. Stage 2

An integrative approach places emphasis on which of the following? a. The client's experiences to determine which methods to employ b. The client's resources for becoming self-aware and for resolving blocks to personal growth c. The internal dynamics of an individual rather than interpersonal dynamics d. Restructuring personality rather than solving immediate problems

a. The client's experiences to determine which methods to employ

Which of the following is a key factor in determining the degree to which clients accept the challenges presented to them? a. The helper's' sensitivity to their clients' responses b. The tone of helpers c. The way of exchanging messages d. The way of drawing out the strengths and weakness of clients

a. The helper's' sensitivity to their clients' responses

Which of the following statements is true regarding behavior therapy? a. Therapy focuses on behavior change in the present and on action programs. b. Behavior therapy considers the historical antecedents of problems. c. A hallmark of behavior therapy is holding distorted thinking patterns. d. Concepts and procedures are stated implicitly, tested anecdotally, and revised continually.

a. Therapy focuses on behavior change in the present and on action programs.

In the Adlerian approach, clients are viewed as a. being discouraged and functioning on the basis of self-defeating and self-limiting assumptions, which generate problem-maintaining, ego-protective behaviors. b. developing symptoms as a result of repressed sexual instincts. c. customers who are seeking information rather than clients who need help. d. being "sick" and suffering from some disorder that needs to be "cured."

a. being discouraged and functioning on the basis of self-defeating and self-limiting assumptions, which generate problem-maintaining, ego-protective behaviors.

When helpers have limited experience, it is especially important to be open to _______ as a way to acquire or upgrade their skills. a. consulting another professional b. new ideas for discussion c. conducting therapy d. motivational interviewing

a. consulting another professional

In American middle-class culture, direct eye contact is usually considered a sign of interest and presence, and a lack thereof is interpreted as a. evasiveness. b. respect. c. weakness. d. psychosis.

a. evasiveness.

Theory adopted by different practitioners will provide them with a framework for _______ that occur within the therapeutic relationship. a. making sense of the multitude of interactions b. making different facets c. making exchanges d. making sense of the values

a. making sense of the multitude of interactions

In ways similar to people of color, people with disabilities have to face ___________ on the basis of their physical, emotional, or mental abilities. a. prejudice, hostility, lack of understanding, and discrimination b. understanding, assistance, and acceptance c. racism, cultural bias, and acceptance d. prejudice, acceptance, and racism

a. prejudice, hostility, lack of understanding, and discrimination

Assertiveness training, stress management, and parent education are examples of ______________ that would be offered under managed care. a. prevention programs b. psychotherapy groups c. psychiatric interventions d. brief intervention groups

a. prevention programs

Many persons of color are subjected to _____________ in everyday life, which can be defined as brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults. a. racial microaggressions b. discrimination c. racial attacks d. broaching behavior

a. racial microaggressions

Before you accept a position in any setting, it is essential that you ____________ because this influences the manner in which the agency functions. a. understand the philosophy of the agency b. know how often you will be given a raise c. understand the number of vacation days you will receive a year d. discuss the employment opportunity with your personal therapist. If you don't have a personal therapist, it is extremely important to find one immediately

a. understand the philosophy of the agency

It can be productive to pay as much attention to ____________ as you do to your clients. a. yourself b. your client's family c. your client's peer group/social network d. both yourself and your client's peer group/social network

a. yourself

________ can be a normal reaction to facing a new or threatening situation, but too much can render an intern unable to pay attention to the client. a. Joy b. Anxiety c. Depression d. Peace

b. Anxiety

Which of the following statements about culture is NOT true? a. Even if an individual is primarily identified with a single culture, his or her identity can be based on a number of factors. b. Encapsulation is a potential trap that only European American helpers are vulnerable to falling into. c. Counseling students and trainees struggle with cultural tunnel vision. d. Helpers from all cultural groups need to examine their expectations, attitudes, biases, and assumptions about the helping process and also about persons from diverse groups.

b. Encapsulation is a potential trap that only European American helpers are vulnerable to falling into.

Direct experiencing, awareness, and bringing unfinished business from the past into the present are key concepts of which of the following approaches? a. Person-centered therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. Brief solution-focused therapy d. Narrative therapy

b. Gestalt therapy

Identify the statement that does not relate to exploring and evaluating self-doubts and fears at the beginning of a helper's career. a. It would be difficult for me to deal with overly demanding clients. b. I expect that my clients should change their problematic behavior to make the counseling process effective. c. I feel uncomfortable with silences in counseling situations. d. I worry that I may overidentify with my client's problems to the extent that they become my problems.

b. I expect that my clients should change their problematic behavior to make the counseling process effective.

Conceptual framework in the helping process takes into account what dimensions of human experience? a. Thinking and behaving b. Thinking, feeling, and behaving c. Feeling and behaving d. Thinking and feeling

b. Thinking, feeling, and behaving

What is the consequence of discrimination in providing services to clients from diverse groups? a. Cultural encapsulation b. Unintentional racism c. Lack of competency to work with diverse cultural groups d. Racial microaggression

b. Unintentional racism

What is required for helpers when counseling defensive clients? a. Anxiety about their emotions or reactions b. Willingness to challenge them c. Ability to have a healthy discussion with them d. Ability to convince them

b. Willingness to challenge them

Theory in counseling is best described as a. a set of counseling techniques. b. a general framework that enables you to make sense of the many facets of the helping process, providing you with a map that gives direction to what you do and say. c. book knowledge that is of little value to practicing clinicians. d. a rigid set of structures that prescribes, step-by-step, what and how you should function as a helper.

b. a general framework that enables you to make sense of the many facets of the helping process, providing you with a map that gives direction to what you do and say.

It is ___________ to think that all feelings your clients have toward you are simply transference. a. grandiose b. a mistake c. wise and insightful d. pathological

b. a mistake

Demographic variables include a. nationality, ethnicity, language, and religion. b. age, gender, and place of residence. c. place of birth, language, and gender. d. educational and socioeconomic background.

b. age, gender, and place of residence.

When dealing with clients who make sarcastic or hostile comments, a helper should a. confront them. b. avoid responding to them with hostility. c. stop them from doing so. d. respond immediately.

b. avoid responding to them with hostility.

Ursula has been working for 2 years with a client who is always stressed out. She finds herself hoping that this client will cancel his appointments with her. This may be indicative of

b. countertransference

Acquiring cultural competence is achieved by a. a complete repertoire of skills. b. cross-cultural therapeutic partnerships. c. continuously working with diverse clients. d. complete knowledge of all cultural backgrounds.

b. cross-cultural therapeutic partnerships.

Brief interventions are aimed at _______. a. intensive self-exploration to bring about long-term behavioral change b. finding relief from problematic symptoms c. insight into how the past is connected to present problems d. progressive stages of change

b. finding relief from problematic symptoms

Stacey, who has been in private practice for 20 years, will soon start providing therapeutic services within a managed care system. Her theoretical perspective is psychodynamic therapy. This is likely to be a(n) a. excellent match since Stacey is so experienced. b. mismatch, in light of the fact that Stacey uses a long-term and depth-oriented approach with her clients. c. nonissue since managed care is probably not going to continue for much longer. d. mismatch, in light of the fact that Stacey uses a long-term and depth-oriented approach with her clients, and nonissue since managed care is probably not going to continue for much longer.

b. mismatch, in light of the fact that Stacey uses a long-term and depth-oriented approach with her clients.

The analytic framework, free association, interpretation, dream analysis, analysis of resistance, and analysis of transference are major techniques of ____________. a. an integrative model b. psychoanalytic approaches c. the mindfulness-based stress reduction program d. cognitive behavioral approaches

b. psychoanalytic approaches

It can be helpful to imagine our clients as mirrors that reflect some aspect of our being. Jungians call this concept a. mirror aspect. b. shadow aspect. c. immediacy. d. self-disclosure.

b. shadow aspect

Modern racism is a. subtle, direct, and nonabrasive. b. subtle, indirect, and unintentional. c. blatant, indirect, and nondamaging. d. intentional and subtle.

b. subtle, indirect, and unintentional.

What is the psychoanalytic perspective of resistance? a. Pseudo-aggressive behavior of a client b. A client's stubborn attempt to remain in a safe zone c. A client's reluctance to bring into conscious awareness threatening material that has been previously repressed or denied d. A client's reluctance to quickly change behavior

c. A client's reluctance to bring into conscious awareness threatening material that has been previously repressed or denied

According to solution-focused brief therapy, which of the following tends to encourage clients to rely less on the therapist and more on their own resources to reach their goals? a. Developing self-directed action plans b. Paying attention to their self-talk c. Asking about pretherapy change d. Applying new behaviors to various situations

c. Asking about pretherapy change

Which of the following is a characteristic of a helper who becomes too invested in getting their clients to change? a. Being aware of one's own dynamics b. Providing therapeutic strategies c. Being unaware of one's own dynamics d. Just expressing how the behavior of clients affects the counseling process

c. Being unaware of one's own dynamics

What is the support offered by helpers for meeting the daily demands or the day-to-day survival of clients in Stage 2 of the helping process? a. Directly acting as agents to provide services b. Providing monetary benefits c. Connecting to community resources d. Acting as advocates to legally deal with clients' problems

c. Connecting to community resources

Which of the following is considered a key approach for treating individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder? a. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy b. Cognitive therapy c. Dialectical behavior therapy d. Mindfulness-based stress reduction

c. Dialectical behavior therapy

Which of the following is a key factor in successfully intervening in the lives of people with disabilities? a. Negative attitudes of the society b. Stereotypes c. Helpers' attitudes d. Features of discrimination

c. Helpers' attitudes

Among the following, what would be a mistake in multicultural counseling? a. Understanding that the differences between individuals within the same group are often greater than the differences between groups b. Encouraging clients to express feelings of hurt to parents c. Perceiving individuals as simply belonging to a group d. Thinking about diversity without polarizing issues into right or wrong

c. Perceiving individuals as simply belonging to a group

What are the main focus areas of a multicultural training program? a. Professional ethics and multicultural competence b. Multiculturalism and gender awareness c. Professional ethics and multicultural and social justice competencies d. Intervention skills to deal exclusively with multicultural issues and people from diverse backgrounds

c. Professional ethics and multicultural and social justice competencies

___________ is highly valued in counseling. Helper modeling is one way to facilitate this. a. Stereotyping b. Cultural tunnel vision c. Self-disclosure d. Directness

c. Self-disclosure

Clients are encouraged to see value in actively trying new behavior rather than being passive and leaving action to chance. This is called a. a contract. b. active stance. c. an action program. d. termination.

c. an action program.

Establishing a working relationship with clients entails all of the following EXCEPT a. demonstrating that the relationship is a two-way process. b. being genuine and respectful. c. doing for clients what they are capable of doing for themselves. d. demonstrating that the clients' interests are supreme.

c. doing for clients what they are capable of doing for themselves.

Transference typically has its origins in _________________ and constitutes a repetition of past material in the present. a. early adulthood b. adolescence c. early childhood d. middle adulthood

c. early childhood

Because the _____________ approach is based on universal human themes, and because it does not dictate a particular way of viewing reality, it is highly applicable when working in a multicultural context. a. cognitive behavioral b. object relations c. existential d. psychoanalytic

c. existential

A(n) _____________ views family as a functioning unit and as an entity unto itself that adds up to more than the sum of its members. a. cognitive behavioral approach b. Gestalt approach c. family systems perspective d. existential perspective

c. family systems perspective

Mike often arrives to his sessions late. When he does arrive, his behavior has an elusive quality; he says very little and his facial expressions convey boredom and irritation. Despite his nonverbal reactions, he claims that everything is fine. Mike is behaving in a(n) ______________ manner. a. pseudo-violent b. aggressive c. passive-aggressive d. pseudo-irrational

c. passive-aggressive

Wubbolding emphasizes the central place of ____________ in any change process, emphasizing that when clients make plans and follow through they are taking charge of their lives by redirecting their energy and making action choices. a. creating climate for change b. controlling all elements c. planning and commitment d. motivation and understanding

c. planning and commitment

In ____________, clients project onto helpers' reactions to the political context that has shaped their experience. a. competence b. countertransference c. political transference d. transference

c. political transference

The _____________ perspective is based on the premise that oppression, privilege, and social inequities do exist and have a negative impact on the lives of many persons from diverse cultural groups. a. multicultural b. culturally encapsulated c. social justice d. individual diversity

c. social justice

Beginning helpers would have chances to expose self-doubts and critically evaluate them in all of the following EXCEPT a. professional organizations. b. practicum and internship courses. c. their career. d. professional conferences.

c. their career.

In family therapy, which kind of approach is most applicable to working best with families? a. The existential approach b. The person-centered approach c. A unified behavioral approach d. An integrative approach

d. An integrative approach

________ is both an ethical and a legal concept. It is required to protect and serve clients and, if not adhered to, can lead to malpractice suits. a. Ethical practice b. Self-disclosure c. Malpractice d. Competence

d. Competence

________________ can result from helpers being exposed to the pain that clients express, especially if counselors are not aware of their own unresolved personal issues. a. Symbiosis b. Feelings of pity c. Transference d. Empathy fatigue

d. Empathy fatigue

Which of the following is important for helpers conducting the last session of brief therapy? a. Informing clients about termination b. Assisting clients in maximizing the benefits from the relationship c. Encouraging clients to not continue with them anymore d. Ensuring that clients are in a position to live in a self-directed manner

d. Ensuring that clients are in a position to live in a self-directed manner

Which of the following will become the organizing force for integration in the future and a guide to all forms of health care? a. An integrative approach to psychology b. Psychotherapy integration c. Solution-focused brief therapy d. Evidence-based practice

d. Evidence-based practice

Which of the following tasks does NOT relate to conducting brief interventions? a. Devising homework for clients between the sessions b. Summarizing each session c. Bringing about short-term behavioral change d. Exploring past events that trigger current responses

d. Exploring past events that trigger current responses

What should a helper do if his or her client is dissatisfied with his or her job because he or she feels inadequate? a. Explore the feelings about significant people. b. Apply transference. c. Examine the reasons for underestimating himself or herself d. Help the client to be aware of the reasons behind his or her denial in accomplishing his or her goals.

d. Help the client to be aware of the reasons behind his or her denial in accomplishing his or her goals.

According to the sources, what is the tenet of the conceptual framework of multicultural counseling competency? a. It indicates that individuals among groups have more differences than those within the same group. b. It emphasizes self-awareness and knowledge of the cultural aspects of diverse groups. c. It emphasizes a monocultural approach to training and practice so as to understand the cultural aspects of the individuals within the same group. d. It recognizes the complex diversity of a pluralistic society and suggests bridges of shared concern that link all people, regardless of their differences.

d. It recognizes the complex diversity of a pluralistic society and suggests bridges of shared concern that link all people, regardless of their differences.

_____________ can be operationally defined as the working alliance between counselor and client that takes the personal dynamics of the counselor and client into consideration alongside the dynamics of the cultures of both of these individuals. a. Diversity b. Cultural pluralism c. Culture d. Multicultural counseling

d. Multicultural counseling

Professional ethical guidance for counselors is based on what assumption? a. Nuclear families and the rights of all family members are nonautonomous. b. The rights of any type of family and all family members are autonomous. c. The rights of a family as a whole are autonomous, while the rights of individuals are nonautonomous. d. Nuclear families and the rights of all family members are autonomous.

d. Nuclear families and the rights of all family members are autonomous.

Which of the following is defined as a process in which helpers engage in therapy outside of sessions while working with clients in sessions? a. Brief intervention b. Immediacy c. Therapeutic alliance d. Parallel process

d. Parallel process

___________ includes four inseparable but distinct components of acting, thinking, feeling, and the physiology that accompany our actions. a. Cognitive behavioral therapy b. Behavior therapy c. Adlerian therapy d. Reality therapy

d. Reality therapy

When dealing with a difficult client, which of the following is important for a beginning helper to remember? a. Learning creative ways of handling complex behaviors and managing the dynamics of clients b. Taking therapeutic approaches and changing the difficult behaviors of clients c. Holding back one's reactions and overcoming the client's resistance in a judgmental way d. Taking therapeutic approaches and managing one's own dynamics

d. Taking therapeutic approaches and managing one's own dynamics

Identify the false statement regarding counseling people with disabilities. a. It is necessary to use people-first language when working with these people. b. The helper needs to assist their client in developing an understanding of the impact that societal stereotypes have on their view of themselves. c. A major role of the helper is to help their client understand the prejudice and discrimination that surrounds disability. d. The helper needs to focus on the disability to address its significant impacts.

d. The helper needs to focus on the disability to address its significant impacts.

Which of the following is essential for helpers to do when working with clients who exhibit problematic behavior? a. Encourage them to avoid resistance b. Apply transference technique to identify the impact of their behavior on significant people c. Focus exclusively on the clients' behavior d. Understand one's own countertransference

d. Understand one's own countertransference

Egan described the stages of the helping model by framing these stages in the context of four basic client questions. Which of the following is NOT one of the questions Egan posed? a. What do I need or want? b. What is going on? c. What do I have to do to get what I need or want? d. Who is going to give me what I need?

d. Who is going to give me what I need?

Multicultural counseling competencies include all of the following EXCEPT a. knowledge and understanding of the worldview of the helper and specific knowledge of the diverse groups with whom he or she works. b. helper's beliefs and attitudes about race, culture, gender, and sexual orientation. c. skills and intervention strategies needed to serve diverse client groups. d. a monocultural approach to training and practice.

d. a monocultural approach to training and practice.

Clients who rely primarily on their intellect a. should be confronted and directed to get to a feeling level and should be stripped of their defenses. b. should be stripped of their defenses. c. should be confronted and directed to get to a feeling level. d. are engaged in the behavior to avoid experiencing anxiety.

d. are engaged in the behavior to avoid experiencing anxiety.

In our theoretical orientation, one way of making clients' ability to do necessary revisions is to a. explore their own problems. b. encourage them to identify their feelings. c. examine their current behavior. d. ask them to pay attention to their self-talk.

d. ask them to pay attention to their self-talk.

If a helper makes a referral by stating an appropriate reason, the client will a. feel rejected. b. persuade the helper to leave that suggestion. c. confront the helper. d. be open to accepting the helper's suggestion.

d. be open to accepting the helper's suggestion.

When one lives in an encapsulated environment and thereby "sees" only what confirms his or her existing belief system, he or she has a(n) a. disconfirmatory bias. b. encapsulation bias. c. diagnosable delusional disorder. d. confirmatory bias.

d. confirmatory bias.

The principle goal of the _____________ approach is to work with clients in recognizing their role in creating the kind of life they presently have. a. family systems b. Adlerian c. brief solution-focused d. existential

d. existential