Intro design Exam 3

How is 3D printing technology impacting designing for special needs?

3D printing technology is making it possible for people to build prosthetic devices at home

What are the main themes of Design for the Other 90%

95 percent of designers are designing for the wealthiest 10 percent of the population

Cradle to Cradle

A design philosophy that aims to eliminate waste from the production, use and disposal of a product. It centres on products which are made to be made again.

How would you argue the myth: Universal design only helps people with disabilities and older people?

-Universal design extends the benefits of good functional design to many people that are not classified as aged or that have a disability. -short people, tall people, frail people, pregnant women, parents with strollers, visitors in an unfamiliar city (pictorial?)

Thinking about the user's experience in new ways: Universal Design and designing for people with special needs.

-Universal design is an approach to the design of all products and environments to be as usable as possible by as many people as possible regardless of age, ability or situation. -Universal design is assuming growing importance as a new paradigm that represents a holistic and integrated approach to design. -Universal design connects well with User Experience. -Solutions can range in scale, for example, from product design to architecture and urban design; and from simple systems such as those that control the ambient environment to complex information technologies.

What is miniaturization (principle of designing cheap)

"Putting tools on a radical weight loss diet"; trend to manufacture ever smaller mechanical, optical and electronic products and devices

How does Cameron Sinclair create place attachment in his work? Have specific examples

-Created places where people can actually live, not just sleep: houses that connect together -Also built schools, provided healthcare, clothing to help with making it a place to live and not just a place to have shelter Shipping containers with awning and solar panels and sunlights; sustainable

Tim Brown's ideas of how design needs to become big again from his TEDTalk

-Design has become small: designers were thinking too narrowly, focusing too much on one product or one function, working on "small things" rather than larger things like the idea to travel from London to New York on a ship -focus less on the object you are designing more on design thinking - Healthcare, education, global warming, security, clean water -design is human centered, it starts with what humans needs: need to understand culture and context before they can begin designing anything -instead of thinking about what to build, building in order to think: Prototyping

How is Assistive Design, or designing for people with special needs addressed in the Metropolis article, "Coming Home"? Have very specific examples from the article to illustrate your points.

-IDEO & Michael Graves worked together--trading minimum standards for maximum humanism can produce homes that help people heal. -goes beyond removing obstacles and ensuring dignity. Example: -social privacy, the desire to be with people but also to be able to retreat (PTSD) -uniquely normal (look like other houses) -as adjustable kitchen counters, as mood-lighting controls on a showerhead, a wired "zipper wall" that would light up the path to a midnight snack -The heating and air-conditioning system has 12 separate zones, a feature of special interest to burn victims and people in wheelchairs.

Essay? Closely read the article titled: "Wheelchair Case Study," from Metropolis Magazine. Be able to summarize the key points of the article. Think about the intersection between universal design, designing for special needs and sustainability in the wheel chair case study article. Know the names of the two wheel-chair users discussed in the Wheelchair Case Study; know their different approaches to maintaining their wheelchairs. Think about the approaches of each of these men to their wheelchairs, in terms of sustainability.

-John Hockenberry & Ralf Hotchkiss -John always reorders parts in case he needs them. It's not very efficient or inexpensive. -Ralf taught John the importance of design for local resources, the value of low-tech, and the meaning of sustainability. -He began by replacing all the specialized factory-produced parts on his first chairs with simpler, easy-to-obtain components. Started Whirlwind Wheelchair International. -meet disabled Palestinians in Gaza who had been give wheelchairs by charitable foundations, but they were Western made and falling apart. The specialized components were not compatible with local parts and the tires were not designed for the rugged terrain of Gaza. -Ralf said the only solution was to build a wheelchair from the ground up with readily available local materials. -Virtually anywhere in the world it is possible to do two things: 1) bend soft metal tubing, and 2) repair and restore rubber tires and inner tubes. -Since the 1980s at least 20,000 chairs have been produced using Whirlwind designs. -design accommodates the different salvage bearings found in different developing countries

Why is the rise of "services" rather than ownership a component of sustainability? What do you think are the pros and cons?

-One of the key components of cradle to cradle thinking is the re-conceptualizing of products into services. -Example of a product that has become a service: Bikes that you can rent now I think it's good that items are being recycled. Many people own a bike and then never ride it, whereas this program allows for one bike to be used by multiple people.

Accessible Design

-Passed in 1990, The American Disabilities Act was revised in 2009. The act prohibits discrimination based upon disability. -The act requires reasonable accommodation on the part of employees. -The act imposes accessibility requirements for public accommodations.

"Remaking The Way We Make Things"- McDonough and Braungart Sustainable Design

-Sustainability can be defined as the balance use of natural, social, and economic capital for the continued health of the planet and future generations. -Rethinking: 1. the way we think about materials and processes 2. the value of services instead of products 3. a belief that sustainability does not support profitability 4. the importance of beauty and meaning in the creation of a sustainable world

What were the main points of Ray Anderson's talk about Interface Carpet? What preconception is he challenging? Review his TEDTalk.

-The way we think about materials and processes -the value of services instead of products He is challenging: -a belief that sustainability does not support profitability -people think businesses only have the choice of economy or the environment, but they can have both.

Watch Iwan Baan's entire TEDTalk: Discuss one example of the creation of place attachment from Iwan Baan's TEDTalk. Be specific. how was place attachment created in your example? Prepare two examples from Iwan Baan's talk.

-Torre David, 45 story office building in the middle of Caracas, Venezuela. Construction had to stop when the economy failed and the developer died. -8 years ago, people started moving into this tower and built up homes in between every column of the tower. There's only one entrance, but 3000 residents. -They painted the walls and planted trees, made a basketball court. There's a church and a fitness area. -No elevators were ever put in, so it's a 45 story walk up. They got creative in this way, even though they have no background in architecture or design. The adjacent parking garage is used as a taxi route to get closer to their story. -essentially, they have created a home out of this space, with whatever they have. -There are small businesses within this office buildings: barber shop, groceries & convenience shops, and tailors This built place attachment because a public space became a personal space. These residents created a communal space.

Essay? Think about Michael Graves and Universal design as well as designing for special needs. Read the article about Michael Graves called, "The Re-Education of Michael Graves" from Metropolis Magazine. Be able to summarize the key points of the article.

-Universal design seems like more of an architectural afterthought than a central tenet of building -No telltale signs of a home being renovated to be more accessible after his paralysis, little had to be done on his already existing home. -"People who become disabled have to radically redesign their outlook about the physical world" -Michael Graves Solutions medical product line (examples: heating pads, simple shower seats, in the future maybe a wheelchair) -After a lifetime of seeking beauty in everything he designed and obsessively making sure every detail in his physical space was selected to be purposeful and beautiful, he was suddenly trapped in a world of mundane medical objects. -It seemed as though the makers of these objects never had to use them. -"The message I want is, 'Made by us for us.'"

What are the main themes of William McDonough's "Cradle to Cradle"

-What if products could be designed so that after their useful lives are over, they could provide "nourishment" for something new? -Flawed design models are the problem, not consumption. -Up-cycling rather than down-cycling. -Re-conceptualizing of products into services

What are the principles of designing cheap?

-affordability -miniaturization -expandability Put tools on a diet, make redundancy redundant, move forward by designing backward, update the old package with cutting edge materials, make it infinitely expandable

Review the Jan Chipchase TEDTalk: How do Jan Chipchase's ideas about street-up innovation connect to Iwan Baan's TEDTalk?

-anyone with a phone (for example) becomes an ATM in an area that doesn't have a banking system or people wealthy enough to have bank accounts. -Chipchase could not have developed as elegant of a design as this, nor one that fits the local conditions so perfectly. -The streets are a never ending source of inspiration. -street-up innovation is a lot of fixing of things that don't work for people. -Some one on the street with few tools and a social network can become successful in their designs. This ideas relate to Iwan Baan's TEDTalk because they both talk about adapting and designing things in accordance to a person's local conditions.

Examples of products that are now services

-bikes -paddle boards that can be rented on lakes -Rent the Runway -Libraries

What are the possible outcomes of cradle to cradle?

-buildings could produce more energy than they consume -factories could produce runoffs that are drinking water

Review Tim Browns ideas of how design needs to become big again from his TEDTalk and reading (Segment 1).

-design became a tool of consumerism, which made it small and not very important. -we need to take a different view of design and focus less on the object and more on design thinking AKA make it big again -Currently, design stands for image, aesthetic, and fashion. -Design thinking all starts with what humans need. it's about understanding culture and context. *build in order to think* -design is to important to be left to designers. it should be put in the hands of all people. -In times of *change* we need new alternatives and new ideas.

How are Universal Design and designing for people with special needs addressed in the Metropolis article, "Coming Home"? Have specific examples

-no entrance steps bc he is in a wheelchair (special needs) - The ability to have 60 inches of room no matter where you are in the house so that you can turn around in the wheelchair -cordless phone and intercom system to answer the door remotely -Heat and A/C for burn victims and ppl in wheelchairs

Cradle to Cradle

-products that, when their useful lives are over, do not become useless waste, but can be tossed onto the ground to decompose and become food for plants and animals and nutrients for the soil -products that, when their useful lives are over can be returned to industrial cycles to supply high-quality raw materials for new products "Indeed, good design—principled design based on the laws of nature—can transform the making and consumption of things into a regenerative force."

How does Valspar's glasses for the Color Blind differ from the OXO Good Grips kitchen utensils in relation to Assistive Design versus Universal Design.

-these glasses are designed specifically for people that are colorblind, whereas the peeler was created to be able to be used by ALL people, including those effected by arthritis.

Closely review the reading from Design for the Other 90%. You should be able to address the main themes of this reading.

-to draw attention to a kind of design that is not particularly attractive, often limited in function, and extremely inexpensive, but also has the inherent ability to transform and sometimes save human lives. -design is intentional problem-solving -some objects like the LifeStraw (purifies drinking water) save lives, but other objects that help people read at night, hear properly, ride a bicycle with one leg, etc., aren't necessary for basic survival but raise the quality of life for users. -You do not need a degree in engineering or architecture to design life-changing products and services

Silent Selling by Judith Bell and Kate Ternus

-two principles of design speak to selling space 1. Equitable Use 2. Flexibility in Use 7. Size and Space for Approach and Use Main Points: -providing a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user -making reach to all componenets comfortable for any seated or standing use -accommodating variations in hand and grip size -providing adequate space for the use of assisting devices or personal assistance -it is important to keep in mind that they application of universal design results in better products for all users

How could you apply two of the principals to Universal Design of your team project in Magrath Library? Be sure to accurately identify the principles you are addressing. They must be correct.

2. Flexibility in Use --the design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities We created different areas of the library (group study, private study, casual study) to accommodate people who like to work with groups, alone, with a coffee shop atmosphere, etc. 7. Size and Space for Approach and Use --appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility.

Review the Aimee Mullins TEDTalk: Aimee Mullins and Her Twelve Pairs of Legs While Aimee Mullins does not specifically address Norman's three levels of design in her talk, you can analyze Aimee Mullins views on her relationship with her legs in terms of Norman's three levels of design. Give specific examples from the TEDTalk. In your opinion, which level is most important to Aimee Mullins? Be able to explain why. Review the lecture on Aesthetic, Utilitarian and Symbolic Function and Donald Norman's reading to answer this question.

-wants people to use their talent to use art and science in creating legs and stop compartmentalizing the two aspects. -"you don't look disabled" -her legs could be wearable sculptures, she moved away from the idea of "humanness" --glass legs, cheetah legs, wooden legs --different heights -we are having more conversations about augmentation and potential, "disabled" people are now the architects of their own identities and bodies. -this moves us closer to our collective humanity. I think the level that is most important to Aimee is the reflective level of design, because her legs are more to her than just the functional use of walking. This is evident in the artwork and creativity exemplified in the design of her 12 legs.

Cradle to Cradle—What are the main points of the reading? How does Cradle to Cradle differ from Cradle to Grave? Be specific.

-what if products could be designed so that after their useful lives are over they could provide nourishment for something new? -William McDonough (architect) and Michael Braungart (chemist) called for a paradigm shift from thinking about the life cycle of a product from "cradle to grave" to thinking about the life cycle of a product as "cradle to cradle" Main points: -They proposed that instead of focusing on the difficult task of reusing materials not initially designed for a second, third, or fourth life, that we design products and systems that can provide nourishment for something new at the end of their useful lives -the intervention occurs at the materials process level -They see flawed design models rather than consumption as the most pressing problem -this has resulted in a huge shift in our thinking about sustainability and consumption (in the natural world waste equals food, and there is no reason for human activity to be inherently wasteful) -The term recycle is a misnomer. "We down cycle rather than recycle" because with each subsequent use we produce lower grade material until we have unusable wasted that can only be incinerated or stored in landfills -The possible outcomes of "upcycling" are that buildings could produce more energy than they consume, and factories could produce effluents that are drinking water

According to McDonough, what is gained by looking at sustainability as a "broadening" rather than a "limiting" approach?

-would produce no useless and potentially dangerous waste -would save manufacturers money in valuable materials over time -bc nutrients for new products are constantly circulated, it would diminish the extraction of raw materials

From James Boyd Brent's lecture, provide two examples of how Minnesota designers are addressing socio-cultural aspects of design

1) Guthre Theatre: It was designed with the culture in mind. It was built in an industrial part of town and the building took on a grain elevator shape. It essentially embraced the characteristics of the setting 2) Hour Car: Makes ppl feel better healthwise and financially. Ppl can be proud of these designers for creating solutions to problems. Living in a city where it is not always necessary to have a car, makes it easy to use hour car to go to grocery stores or what have it, or even for people who cannot afford cars in the city.

Identify and explain two myths of Universal design

1) There are only a small number of people who can benefit from universal design; thus we should not let their needs dictate. 2) Universal design only helps people with disabilities and older people.

What are the Seven Principles of Universal Design?

1. Equitable Use --the design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities 2. Flexibility in Use --the design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities 3. Simple and Intuitive Use --use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level. 4. Perceptible Information --the design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities 5. Tolerance for Error --the design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions 6. Low Physical Effort --the design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue 7. Size and Space for Approach and Use --appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility.

What are the Principles of Designing Cheap? Be able to explain each of the five principles and be able to give an example from the reading for two of the principles.

1. Put Tools on a radical weight-loss diet: you can cut the cost if you can cut the weight. Example: the small drip-irrigation system where they cut the weight and the price of pipe by cutting system pressure by 80%. This allowed them to also cut the wall thickness and weight of the plastic by 80%, with a corresponding drop in price. These drip kits sell for $3 in India. 2. make redundancy redundant: ask potential customers how long they need the tool to last and how much they are willing to pay to make it last longer, and eliminate redundancies that Western designers and engineers often take for granted. Example: Homes that are affordable for livable in rural areas only require eight strong beams and a solid roof. This durable skeleton can be filled in with local materials. 3. Move forward by designing backward: most effective way of optimizing affordability is by going back through the history which leads to the modern form of the technology. 4. Update the old package with cutting-edge materials: revise outmoded designs with any new materials that may have become available, as long as affordability is not compromised. 5. make it infinitely expandable: if a farmer can only afford a drop system that irrigates a sixteenth of an acre, design it so he can use the income it generates to seamlessly double or triple its size the next year. Example: Home skeletons originally filled with local materials like sticks, mud, and thatch can be replaced with cement blocks or bricks over time.

What are the 7 principles of universal design?

1. equitable use 2. flexibility in use 3. simple and intuitive use 4. perceptible information 5. tolerance for error 6. low physical effort 7. size and space for approach and use

What are the 5 principles of designing cheap?

1. put tools on a weight loss diet 2. make redundancy redundant 3. move forward by designing backwards 4. update the old package with cutting edge materials 5. make it infinitely expandable

How has Cameron Sinclair's approach to design and designers shaped the work of Architecture for Humanity? Give two examples.

Approach to design: Have to build sustainable homes because you don't have the materials you would need otherwise. Also have to design for changing populations Approach to designers: "NGO's come and build homes and then leave, but Architecture for Humanity builds places to live." He built homes that could connect so people had a place to sleep, cook, go the bathroom etc. Also have to think sustainable. Hosted competitions but instead of giving their designers money, the worked with them to implement their ideas.

What are the two metabolisms of Cradle to Cradle?

Biological Metabolism, and Technical Metabolism

Two metabolisms

Biological: a material or product designed to return to the biological cycle Technical: material or product designed to go back into the technical cycle

Example of biological metabolism

Composting of food and utensils, packaging that can decompose, soles of shoes that can decompose

What are the pros and cons of services over ownership?

Cons: The service may not be available when the consumer wants to use it. The consumer doesn't necessarily walk away with something new besides experience. Pros: The consumer doesn't need to buy the product if they only use it every so often. If the consumer wanted to stop using the product, they wouldn't have to get rid of it and send it a landfill like they would if they owned it

How are these "big ideas" of sustainability, designing for universal use, designing for special needs, and public interest design shaping/changing the role of design and designers in the 21st century?

Designers are beginning to think big again, and design for a greater number of people than focusing on a select group. Thinking of these "big ideas" is forcing them to design products that can be universally used

How could you apply universal design to a mall retail store?

Equitable Use: Urban Outfitters has a floor plan that involves many tables and clothing racks, making a clear line from the back of the store to the front would increase safety if a person with disabilities needed to exit the store quickly Size and Space for Approach and Use: making larger dressing rooms with areas to sit or place clothes. Forever 21 has curtains for doors, and no place to place clothes besides on hooks that someone in a wheelchair might not be able to reach, or someone on crutches can't sit down.

Public Interest Design vs. Social Interest Design

Example: Juxtaposition Arts' Youth-Driven Environmental Design -JXTA invests in the youth of its neighborhood in the pursuit of community-driven environmental design projects with the knowledge that such an investment provides long-term, environmental impact in North Minneapolis by not only addressing pressing physical design problems in the area with a localized understanding and observational lens, but also by equipping new generations of residents with the skills and experience needed to design the future of the neighborhood. -enabling the youth of North Minneapolis to enter the creative workforce with tangible skills and experiences while contributing to the revitalization of their communities

How does Aimee Mullins address aesthetic function in her TedTalk? Give examples

Her legs were extremely adaptable, looked very realistic, and she decided that legs don't have to look like legs, like when she had cowboy boot legs made for her, or a mermaid tail, glass legs

What were the main points of Ray Anderson's talk about Interface Carpet?

His main point is that the CEOs with the most power to positively effect the biosphere are negatively effecting it and plundering. He challenges the preconception that sustainability cannot be profitable.

How does Valspar's glasses for the color blind differ from the OXO Good Grips kitchen utensils in relation to Universal Design vs. Assistive Design (Designing for special needs)

I would say that Valspar's glasses are Assistive design in that they are designing for one extreme population. OXO also designs for the extreme populations, but their design can also benefit other populations, wheres non-color blind people likely wouldn't gain anything from Valspar's glasses. When it comes to universal design, I would categorize Valspar's glasses as helping those with special needs, and OXO's design with helping the elderly or those with socially considered elderly-related problems.

In lecture, Pat discussed the idea that aesthetic or visceral design may have an impact on sustainability. What is the argument that is made to connect a pleasing visceral design to sustainability?

In his book, The Shape of Green: Aesthetics, Ecology, and Design, author Lance Hosey argues that: -Beauty is inherent to sustainability, that how things look and feel is as important as how they're made. -"form affects performance, image influences endurance...how long will something last if it fails to excite the spirit and stir the imagination? -bottom line: "Aesthetic attraction isn't a superficial concern- it's an environmental imperative."

Why is the rise of services, rather than ownership, a component of sustainability?

It is more sustainable because there is less waste.

How could you apply two of the principles of universal design to the Magrath Library?

Low Physical Effort: our group used moveable white board walls, so making sure they are light weight and not too heavy that someone in a wheelchair could move them or someone with little ability to push, pull, or grab can use Flexibility in Use: chairs and tables that can change height to accommodate those who need to stand vs. sit

How would you argue the myth: There are only a small number of people who can benefit from universal design, thus we should not let their needs dictate?

More than 50% of the U.S. population could be characterized as having some sort of functional limitation, and usually every human experiences variations in abilities (broken foot so you need a wheelchair, broken arm so you can't use one of your hands) therefore we all can benefit from universal design.

Be able to identify and explain at least one of the Myths of Universal Design. How would you argue against these myths? Be able to give one specific example in your argument.

Myth #2: Universal design only helps people with disabilities and older people. Universal design extends the benefits of good functional design to many groups of people who are not necessarily classified as having a disability or aged, but who routinely encounter functional obstacles in their daily lives (short people, tall people, large people, frail people, pregnant women, parents with children in strollers, visitors in an unfamiliar city, etc).

How does the creating of objects and places that have strong meaning and pleasure connect to sustainability? Do you agree with that position?

People will keep things that mean something to them and care for them. Yes, I agree with that. For example, Classic Hot Rods from the sixties are still around today.

What was different about the way that Smart Design and OXO worked with personas? How did this differ from the way that we approached personas in the team projects.

SMART doesn't care about the average consumer, they want to understand the extremes. If the design takes into consideration the extremes (obese, arthritis, 10 children), the middle will take care of itself. In our projects, we chose the most common/average people on our campus to design for.

How could you apply two of the principles of universal design to the design of a gas pump at a service station?

Size and Space for Approach and Use: pump buttons that are at a certain height where a person seated could read and reach them, but also comfortable enough for someone standing to use Usually gas stations display messages on a screen and the user has the the gray button that corresponds with "yes" or "no", but instead, have the symbols on the gray buttons that represent a green checkmark or a red "x" that mean yes or no, for people who cannot see the screens clearly. Or add braille. Pictorial modes vs. tactile

What was different about the way that Smart Design and OXO worked with personas?

The address the extremes and figure the middle will work itself out. They don't design for everyone, just the extremes

Aesthetic Function

The aspects of a designed artifact that go beyond the utilitarian function and address the way the designed object presents itself to the senses

Symbolic Function

The meaning of a designed artifact to an individual or to a group.

Utilitarian Function

The practical, technical function of a designed artifact- how it works.

What is meant by the two metabolisms? Give examples of each (your own examples, and from the book).

The two metabolisms are: biological and technical. The biological metabolism: -A biological nutrient is a material or product that is designed to return to the biological cycle. -Couldn't most of the products of graphic designers be designed as biological nutrients? Particularly packaging? -Example: Many colleges and universities are now composting food and utensils. The technical metabolism: -A technical nutrient is a material or product that is designed to go back into the technical cycle, into the industrial metabolism. -Example: a sturdy plastic computer case would continue to circulate as a sturdy plastic computer case, or as another high-quality product, like a car part, or a medical device, not down-cycled into something less, like a pop bottle.

Biological Metabolism

a material or product that is designed to return to the biological cycle

What did William McDonough and Michael Braungart call for?

a paradigm shift from thinking about the lifecycle of a product from "cradle to grave" to thinking about the lifecycle of a product from "cradle to cradle"

Example of technical metabolism

a plastic computer case would continue to circulate as a plastic computer case or as another HIGH QUALITY product, like a car part or medical device; not DOWN-CYCLED into something less like a pop bottle

Size and Space for Approach and use

appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of the user's body size, posture, or mobility ie: accomodate variations in hand and grip size, make reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user

How does technical metabolism fit into cradle to cradle?

because when a products useful live is over, it can be returned into the industrial cycle to supply high-quality raw materials for new products

How does biological metabolism fit into cradle to cradle?

because when a products useful live is over, it can be thrown onto the ground to decompose and become food for plants and animals, and nutrient for the soil

example of biological metabolism

campuses composting utensils and food

What did McDonough and Braungart propose?

design products and systems that can provide nourishment for something new at the end of their useful lives

Recycling is an inaccurate name because instead of recycling we...

downcycle; with each subsequent use we produce lower grade material until we have unusable waste that can only be incinerated or stored in landfills. (So either way, the products always end up in the landfill)

What are the seven principles of Universal Design?

equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, size and space for approach and use

In the natural world waste equals...

food; there is no reason for human activity to be inherently wasteful

How does Aimee Mullins address utilitarian function in her TedTalk? Give examples

her legs could one day allow her to do things that normal legs couldn't, like jump over a buliding Her legs could be "wearable sculpture"

According to McDonough, what is gained by looking at sustainability as a "broadening" rather than a "limiting" approach? How does the creation of objects and places that have strong meaning and pleasure connect to sustainability? Do you agree with that position?

it was broadening because people can continually get new products and companies can create relationships with people buying their products because they aren't just selling someone something and then whatever that product is down cycled and can't be used in the same way. I don't know if I'm completely on the right track with that one though. I would personally lean more towards agreeing though because while it might not work for everything it could be a good option for some products.

What is affordability (principle of designing cheap)

learn about what they are willing and able to pay for something that meets their needs

What is expandability (principle of designing cheap)?

making the product infinitely expandable;

Technical Metabolism

material or product that is designed to go back into the technical cycle

example of technical metabolism

plastic computer case being circulated as a medical device

The goals of Amos Winter's wheelchair design

product costs less than $200, goes 5km a day, usable indoors and outdoors, locally repairable

William McDonough and Michael Braungart

saw flawed design models rather than consumption as the most pressing problem

Sustainability

the balanced use of natural, social, and economic capital for the continued health of the planet and future generations

sustainability

the balanced use of natural, social, and economic capital for the continued health of the planet and future generations

Flexibility

the design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities ie: right or left handed access and use

Low physical effort

the design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue ie: use reasonable operating forces, allow user to maintain a neutral body position

Perceptible Information

the design communicates necessary information effectively to the user regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities ie: use different modes for redundant presentation of essential information (pictorial, verbal, tactile)

Tolerance for Error

the design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions ie: provide warnings of hazards and errrors

Equitable Use

the design use useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities ie: privacy, security, and safety should be equally available to all users

How does Aimee Mullins address symbolic function in her TedTalk? Give examples

the meaning of being disabled or handicapped is changing. Going from unable, to abled

What preconception is Ray Anderson addressing in his TedTalk "The Interface Carpet"?

the myth that sustainability is not profitable

What is the biggest problem McDonough and Braungart see?

they see flawed design models rather than consumption as the most pressing problem

How did Cameron Sinclair's approach to design and designers shape the work of Architecture for Humanity? Have at least two specific examples to discuss. We reviewed this in lecture.

they targeted areas where people had undeveloped housing which put them at higher risk for things like crime and the effects of climate change and they developed, designed and constructed the houses to meet the needs of the people in whatever specific area they were in while contributing to a sustainable future

one myth of universal design

universal design costs more than accessible design: if buildings were usable by everyone from the start, fewer renovations would be necessary in the future and those renovations that were required would be less expensive. Many universal design features cost nothing and those that have additional cost add value that exceeds their expense.

Simple and Intuitive Use

use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level ie: eliminate unnecessary complexity

Product to Service

used to have the product, but now it's a service

Cradle to Cradle

what if products could be design so that after their useful lives are over, they could provide "nourishment" for something new?

Cradle to Grave

when a products useful life is over, it is thrown away and goes to the landfill (grave)

Where does McDonough and Braungart's invervention occur?

with the materials and process levels