Intro to 1920's, Great Depression, & WW2 Quarter 3 Quizlet

What adjustments did many Americans have to make after the fall of the stock market in 1929?

They dealt with unemployment, cut back on spending, and took on any work they could to survive.

How were the countries of Europe affected by the spread of Nazi Germany?

They suffered heavy casualties and destruction as they were invaded.

What prompted the fads and heroes of the 1920s?

Things were changing quickly and these things helped distract people from uncertainty.

Stock Market Political Analysis Cartoon

This cartoon represents speculation with respect to the ups of the roller coaster. As seen in the cartoon, the minute the rollercoaster goes up the people on the ground look up in hope that the rollercoaster will keep going up. This cartoon represents buying on Margin in the respect of the downs in the rollercoaster representing the debt that Americans were in due to the "buy now, pay later" ideology, hence smaller investors only had to purchase a fraction of stocks, and buying on Margin is also represented by the coins on the ground as well.

This is one of the most famous photographs in American history. What does this photograph communicate about D-Day ("Operation Overlord") that words cannot?

This photograph communicates the horrible weather conditions on D-day, it communicates the suffrage of many soldiers, and it shows how some soldiers died along the way while others were able to make it to the end and how after a certain distance, the soldiers are no longer visible anymore and it illustrates how deadly of a battle it was.

The gap between the rich and the poor grew in the 1920s.

True

The artists of the Harlem Renaissance (including writers such as Maya Angelou, Langston Hughes, and Frank Horne) were considered

average in American culture

Charles Lindberg is famous for flying solo across the U.S. from coast to coast without stopping.

false

Women who cut their hair short, wore their skirts short, and smoked during the 1920's were called:

flappers

What was the result of FDR's polio?

he couldn't walk at all

"How Prohibition Impacted the 1920s" Races Response Doc Link

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kwppVHlAgUyG10Wm15nwsl5w8c8ed7AweLjYgcW4Az0/edit

What is the name of the writer that has his poem, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" engraved on the stone?

langston hughes

What disease did FDR contract at the age of 39?

polio

Presidents during this decade were mainly:

pro-business

Why was Jazz so significant?

shows how individual contributions lead to a greater whole

What idea is the flyer above trying to convey?

that staying out of war will help protect American democracy

What was the name of FDR's system of economic reform to pull the U.S. out of the Great Depression?

the new deal

All of the following was occurring by 1926

too few buyers (consumers) businesses had too much inventory (product) housing construction decreased

Americans begin buying on credit and going into debt during the 1920s.

true

Farmers lost a lot of income during the 1920s because they had been over producing since WWI and now the crop prices had dropped.

true

Immigration laws limited the number of immigrants allowed into the U.S. during the 1920s.

true

Micheaux took risks by using his film-making to display the "unspoken truths" and provide American society with honest social commentary in a creative way.

true

Micheaux's film Within Our Gates was a rebuttal of the racist film Birth of a Nation

true

Most Americans believed the value of stock would continue to rise.

true

The Scopes trial was about teaching evolution in schools.

true

Writers such as Langston Hughes and Alain Locke wrote literature to influence young people to leave behind the old subservient attitude, take new pride, and move out into the areas of education, art, and the political world.

true

1920's optimism

Everybody ought to be rich Article printed in 1929 by John J. Raskob Americans started to believe wealth was available to "ordinary" people Shows the extreme optimism of the 1920s Encourage everyday Americans to make investments in the stock market "to be rich" Presidents of the 1920s (write all 3 names) Warren G Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover All three were republican All three were a pro-big business which created the economic boom of the 1920s Laissez-Faire Policy= minimum government interference in business activities Free Market Capitalism Capitalism An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state The individual is in charge of the economy Herbert Hoover 1929 Rugged Individualism- a term that indicates the ideal whereby an individual is totally self-reliant and independent from outside, usually state or government assistance. Americans elected hoover in 1929 expecting the optimism of the roaring '20s to continue "Hands off" approach that kept the government out of the way

All Americans were making money during the Roaring 20s.

False

How did the condition of farmers or manufacturing workers before the Great Depression contribute to its effects?

Farmers and poor workers were already struggling to get by, so they had no savings.

Which option best describes the state of World War II when the United States declared war on Japan and Germany?

Germany and Japan had made great territorial gains. Other countries had suffered great losses. Germany had invaded and occupied much of Europe. Japan had invaded China and taken control of many places in the Pacific. Britain and the Soviet Union had suffered great losses of soldiers, civilians, and infrastructure.

Which city in the 1920s became the "capital" of Black America?

Harlem

Why was Oscar Micheaux such an important figure

He showed a range black characters on screen He made over 40 films throughout his career He became the first Black independent film maker

What were Hitler's reasons for attacking and taking over one country after another in Europe?

He wanted the members of the "master race" to be united and for them to have enough land to live on.

Causes for great depression

High tariffs that hurt the sales of American goods. Stock market crash of 1929 Businesses borrowed more money than they could pay back.

Actively Learn WW2

If the United States was neutral in the war, why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? EXPLANATION Paragraph four states, "However, the US was not neutral. It imposed an oil embargo on Japan and provided the Chinese with economic support and arms." Paragraph five explains, "Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto worried about entering into war with the United States. He did not think that Japan could win a long war with many battles. His solution was to launch a surprise attack." The US was supporting the Allies and seemed likely to enter the war eventually. Which option best summarizes the Japanese and American strategies during the fighting in the Pacific? The US planned to attack the fewest islands possible that would bring them closer to mainland Japan. Japan used strong defensive holds to try to maintain their position. What does this quote illustrate about this moment in history? This quote illustrates that this moment in history caused a significant change in the world which destroyed it, that most people who witnessed this event reacted differently, and that the people who were behind this moment in history are the ones that destroy the world and become what defines death and it also illustrates how dreadful of an impact WW2 has had on the future as well. What wartime strategies used in the Pacific theater should be considered war crimes? Justify your response with evidence from the article and your own reasoning. EXTRA HELP During the war were many shocking events: the Nanjing Massacre, the Bataan Death March, the dropping of the atomic bombs. These directly affected the civilian death toll. Were they crimes? Or were they just the course of war? The Nanjing Massacre, the Bataan Death March, and the dropping of the atomic bombs were crimes but also the course of the war. For instance, the Nanjing Massacre was plotted by the Japanese in hopes of getting resources from Nanjing but instead of conquering it directly, they didn't have to rape people, which according to the article they raped women and also killed 200,000 to 300,000 soldiers, and the idea of rape is a crime. However, the Bataan Death March, on the other hand, is done by the course of war since the Japanese wanted to defeat the Americans and the way to do that is to have American and Fillipino soldiers march for a long time and to destroy the Filipino colony in America, according to the Article. The dropping of the atomic bomb by the US is also a course of war since the US wanted to put an end to all of the Japanese attacks and to save lives, according to the Article, strategically. In summary, some of the events were a course of the war (a strategical plan to defeat the enemy), while some events were unnecessary and can be portrayed as a crime. There is a difference between strategically planning a form of attack (between soldiers) versus attacking the people, citizens of a coutnry.

Education for Death edpuzzle

Nazi's killed weak people The main message of this film is that Hitler used propaganda to gain control in Germany and German citizens were loyal to him from such a young age and citizens were always required to follow strictly what Hitler said and to do what they were told and it mattered it 1943 because it was the point of the war where people were fighting on two fronts and it was critical that Germany negotiate peace with Britain and the US allowing them to defeat the Soviet Union.

Why were black people able to express themselves in Harlem?

New York had far less restrictions on African Americans.

Analyze the impact that radio and television had on the way people in the 1920s related to the world around them.

Radio and Television made people learn that they can do anything and be anything (i.e like the 1st woman to swim, Gertrude Ederle, Charles Lindbergh (the first man to fly solo across the ocean), inspired them with new activities, (board games, puzzles, dance, beauty pageants) which all helped people cope with uncertainty in the 1920s, hence the world just came out of WW1 then. Radio and Television allowed most 1920 Americans to try new activities and help them cope with the uncertain future by creating a sense of stability and freedom.

Reasons Against the Atomic Bomb

Reason 1 - It was inhumane Toxic radiation in atomic bombs makes them fundamentally immoral. Robert Oppenheimer, a physicist and "The father of the atomic bomb", stated in his memo in may of 1945 that there are 10 billion times the toxic material in an atomic bomb. The radiation from this atomic bomb is what caused many people to die. It caused severe and painful burns on people just outside the blast radius and is why the A-bomb is considered unnecessary and shouldn't have been used. Reason 2 - It killed too many innocent people, including Children Historians state that the US should have used smaller bombing raids to easily target specific military targets rather than aiming at Hiroshima and Nagasaki which aren't military targets. This led to many innocent women and children being killed from the powerful blast of the bomb, proving that the atomic bomb was just too much and it wasn't used in the correct way. Reason 3 - Japan was seeking surrender When war pacific theater began in 1941, has launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan was controlling large sections of the south pacific ocean. Pushing back, the US used the island hopping strategy in the summer of 1945 to quickly advance to Japan's mainlands. As a result, in August of 1945, Japan was limited to its mainlands and had no more ways to fight back so they chose to surrender. Since the Japanese were already in the process of surrendering, some historians say that it wasn't necessary for the US to make them "formally" surrender by using the atomic bomb. Reason 4 - It was used to scare the Soviet Union more than to defeat Japan During WW2, the Allied Nations of Britain, the US, and the Soviet Union faced off against the Axis Nations of Nazi Germany, Italy, Japan. As the European theater war came to an end, The Allied nations met in a series of conferences (Yalta and Potsdam) to discuss how to best end the war and how to handle the defeat of Germany. This created a conflict between the soviet union and the US, resulting in the US and Russia never trust each other. Stalin had a false assumption believing that they delayed the Normandy invasion and the allied invasion of Italy during WW2 causing them to struggle by themselves against Germany. The Potsdam conference is where US president Truman made Stalin aware of the American atomic weapons program (Manhattan Project) where the atomic bomb was created. Truman was suspicious of Stalin at the time. The US bombed Hiroshima days after the conference and WW2 ended when the cold war began, and this shows that the bombing of Japan at the end of WW2 is another way for the US to signal to the Soviet Union how powerful they were and what they could do. This is why it's argued that scaring the Soviet union is majorly why the atomic bomb was used. . Reason 5 - The US should have waited longer between the two bombs Many people have argued that the atomic bombs went too far considering the time period. The first atomic bomb was used against Japan on August 6th, 1945 in the city of Hiroshima, while the second was used against Japan on August 9th, 1945 in the city of Nagasaki. Considering the technology used during the time period, many historians state that Japanese leaders in Tokyo may have not truly believed that Hiroshima was devastated and may have needed more time to learn about the destruction and hence, many state that the US should have waited before using the second bomb and that the use of it this quick was not necessary. Reason 6 - Led to a nuclear arms race in the years that followed .At the beginning of the Cold War, the US was the only nation to contain atomic weapons (like those used against Japan in 1945), and accordingly, the Soviet Union was not able to militarily challenge the US and was working to develop atomic weapons of their own, On August 29th, 1949, the Soviet Union performed a test of the atomic bomb they had created called "First Lighting". Then, during the rest of the Cold War, both the US and the Soviet Union started stacking thousands of nuclear weapons and each one challenged the other for supremacy and kept developing more powerful, advanced weapons than the other and this had equalized around the 1950s. Then, these weapons acted as a means of defense. This idea, most commonly referred to by most historians as Mutual Assured Destruction, meaning that any war could result in the destruction of both countries, is the reason why most Historians argue that the creation of the atomic bomb by the US was the event that sparked most advanced yet dangerous weapons to be used in a nuclear arms race in following years making the world a dangerous place.

Reasons in Favor of using the a-bomb

Reason 1- Caused World War 2 to come to a quick end Key Dates: In 1945, the US successfully pushed back the Japanese forces to the mainlands of Japan Due to the war lingering, in an effort to end it, the US used the first A-bomb against the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6th, 1945, and against Nagasaki on August 9th, 1945 As a result of this Japan surrendered on September 2nd, 1945. Thus, using the A-bomb was justified as being used as a means of ending the war quickly and it is seen as a positive since it ended the brutal fighting that killed many people. Reason 2 - Saved the lives of million people Operation Downfall was a planned but not executed American invasion plan for the Japanese mainlands during the end of WW2 in the pacific theater. It was set to occur in October of 1945 and due to the immense number of expected casualties from operation Downfall and the A-bomb US president Truman made the official decision to use American-made atomic bombs to end the war in the pacific and save people's lives. Reason 3 - Was a reasonable measure to win the war and retaliate against Japan for their surprise attack against the US at Pearl Harbor US was brought into WW2 Due to the Japanese attack on their naval base, Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941. This resulted in the sinking of several American ships (2402 were killed,1282 were wounded). The Japanese wanted to eliminate the American pacific naval fleet control of territory in the South Pacific which is why they launched the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. Since Japan started the war from the air at Pearl Harbor, President Truman felt it was a necessary retaliation to drop the A-bomb on Japan. Reason 4 - Brutality Japan Army used during the war Japanese Soldiers and Civilians always refused to surrender despite all the odds. (Wounded Japanese soldiers would kill American medics who tried to help them after a battle) This brutality caused the US to hate the Japanese way of fighting and stated that using the a-bomb against japan was justified since it was a way of being equally brutal towards Japan Likewise, Japan's brutal treatment toward other people (carrying out crimes against Chinese civilians in the Nanking massacre) is another part of why the US felt justified to use the a-bomb since that's how Japan carried out its own attacks. Reason 5 - It's a natural part of the war It was a common strategy in WW2 to use bombs. For instance, the Allied nations firebombed the German city of Dresden in 4 separate raids in 1945 (722 British RAF bombers,527 Us air force bombers) As a result, 4000 tons of bombs were dropped in Dresden, 2000 acres of the city were destroyed, and 25,000 people were killed. This event was used as evidence to likewise support the US decision to drop the A-bomb on Japan. Reason 6 - the US spent a great deal of money on the creation of bombs and needed to use them to justify the cost. The Manhattan Project was the secret American program to create the first Atomic weapon during the end of world war 2. It began in 1939 after Nazi Germany Scientists discovered nuclear fission in 1938. US President Roosevelt wanted to create the program with the intention of creating it first before Germany and almost 2 billion was spent on the project. IT was the most expensive government program in US history. Had the US not used the a-bomb the government would have been criticized for spending a lot of money on the bomb and not using it and without using it, many American soldiers would have lost their lives, so hence, many agree that the use of the a-bomb against Japan was justified.

How many American banks closed?

1/4

1920's pop culture

1920's pop culture ushered in new types of celebrities in film, sports, and arts

Top 5 Causes of Great Depression

1st Cause: Stock Market Crash of 1929 How did it impact Americans? Due to the inevitable market crash on Black Tuesday, the market lost 12% of its value and about 14 billion on investments that most Americans had made. This impacted Stockholders (Americans) since they lost more than 40 billion dollars due to the market crash. 2nd Cause: Bank Failures How did it impact Americans? When the banks failed, many people lost all of their money. 3rd Cause: Reduction in Purchasing across the board How did it impact Americans? With worthless investments, depleted savings, and almost non-existent credit, many workers were laid off, people lost their jobs, and were not able to spend as much on the items they had bought through installment plans. 4th Cause: American Economic Policy with Europe How did it impact Americans? The tariff act of 1930 which was imposed due to congress wanting to protect the US industry from overseas competitors led to high tax-rates on many imported goods and this affected Americans because they could no longer afford them. It also impacted Americans because world trade fell by two-thirds due to American trading partners retaliating by imposing tariffs on goods made in the US. 5th Cause: Drought Conditions How did it impact Americans? The massive dust storms caused by the drought-impacted Americans because they killed crops and livestock, sickened people, and caused a lot of damage.

What percent of Americans owned a car by 1929?

50%

How many people lost their individual savings accounts when banks closed?

9 million

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A celebration of African American art and culture.

Flapper

A fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and flouting conditional standards of behavior

What is Laissez-Faire capitalism?

A government policy of "hands off" or letting business take care of itself.

What is the New Deal?

A series of economic programs and projects created by Franklin D. Roosevelt aiming to restore prosperity to Americans in order to help them during the Great Depression.

Economic Danger Signs

Economic Danger Signs Most of the wealth is going to the rich -80 percent of families had no savings in 1929 24,000 families owned 34 percent of US wealth The debt was growing at alarming rates Americans believed the economic prosperity would never end Purchased new inventions with "credit" Pay it back later Installment Buying Speculation- making high-risk investments in hopes of getting a huge return Buying on Margin- allowed smaller investors to purchase stocks at a fraction of the price Only pay 10-20 % now, pay the rest back later "Buy now, pay Later" Massive Problems: Top 1% own most of wealth Americans are in debt Americans are buying stock on margin

As described in the video, "The Harlem Renaissance is fueled by many things; such as _____________

African Americans being freed of oppressive sharecropping. African Americans gaining relief from violence. African Americans searching for better opportunities.

Which option best summarizes the end of the war in Europe?

American and Soviet troops defeated Nazi Germany and liberated prisoners from death camps. Both American and Soviet troops were instrumental in the final defeat of Nazi Germany and the liberation of the prisoners from the death camps.

What was October 29, 1929 known as?

Black Tuesday

What can you learn about the Great Depression just by examining this photo?

By examining this photo, I learned that the great depression made families poor (the children are wearing rugged, old clothes), they couldn't afford to live in a nice house, they are struggling for food, and they have to do a lot of labor work in order to make money. I learned that also the great depression may have affected Oklahoma severely and led to many women taking care of their children by themselves.

New Deal Programs Notes

CCC Civilian Conservation Corps 1933-1942 Three-Million young men work (18-25) work on environmental projects Two Goals: Provide environmental conservation Build good citizens through disciplined outdoor labor Young men paid $30 dollars/month $25 sent home to the family Impact: Plant 3 billion trees Created 800 National Parks Why Was this important? Provided hope and support for younger generation Kept "Young men" off the streets Away from crime and gangs 3) Helped fix unemployment 25% in the great depression FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 1935 Designed to protect savings that were deposited in private bank accounts in the event of bank failures Provided insurance up to $5,000 Today? Protection is up to $250,000 Why is important? Provided citizens confidence in the banks to re-deposit their money SSA Social Security Act 1935 Gave benefits to the elderly, the orphaned, and people injured in industrial accidents Why Social Security? Poverty rates among senior citizens were above 50% Older generations were afraid to retire, causing more unemployment for younger generations Goals: Convince the elderly to retire by receiving money from the government to stop working. Benefits between $10-$85 per month How will FDR pay for this? Additional tax of 2% on every worker Today Tax Rate- 6.2% on your salary Elderly payments- $1500/month Why is it important? Guarantees if you work your entire life, you will have money for your retirement. The more elderly who retired, but more jobs were available for the younger generation. New Deal The government needs money (taxes) Redistribute to people in need (Welfare)

How does Paul Tibbets, pilot of the Enola Gay, justify his actions?

Many lives were saved

Great Depression Notes

Definition The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from 1929 to 1939. President Hoover Laissez-Faire Capitalism A small government that stays out of the way of private business "The spread of government destroys initiative and thus destroys character" Hoovervilles Americans who created "Shanty Towns" named their villages after Hoover Hoover Blankets Americans who used newspapers to stay warm Hoover Flags Americans would turn their pants pockets inside out to show they were broke. Americans grew to resent president hoover and mocked his economic plan Franklin D. Roosevelt Brings a new "hands-on" type of government that will actively work to help Americans during the Great Depression. Socialism

How were different Americans affected by the Great Depression? Incorporate details about at least two different social groups into your response.

Different Americans were affected by the Great Depression in many ways. For instance, African Americans were affected severely. their unemployment rate was at 50% and they were the first ones to lose their job and the last ones to get hired back. People in the areas between North Dakota and Oklahoma experienced the dust bowl which ruined crops and destroyed the jobs of farmers. Many European visas were not issued (it dropped by 60 percent), In the early 1920s, the State department reduced immigration from Mexico, and officials in the Southwest pushed out Mexican immigrants, fearing that letting them into the natives country would negatively affect workers in the country since they believed these immigrants would work for longer hours and less pay and that it would create a sense of competition.

Which option best explains why it is significant that John D. Rockefeller lost his fortune in the stock market crash?

It illustrates how severe the crash was for the economy as a whole.

Why did Japan attack the US?

Japan attacked the US as a preventative action to the US interfering with conquering South Asia and their expansion of the pacific. They wanted to cripple the US navy (America's military upper hand) and by doing this they thought that because they were crippled this would allow time for south asia to be conquered. Japan always saw the US as a threat due to their huge navy and their naval base and they felt like they had to attack the US and knew they would win.

The new deal notes (More about the new deal)

Relief, Recover, Reform Relief- Economic relief for the American people Recover- Help the US recover from the Great Depression Reform- Reform the US government FDRs First Action "Bank Holiday" Closed all banks in the US for four days Why? He needed Americans to stop withdrawing their money 1933- Federal Emergency Banking Act Closed all banks that were poorly run Provided unlimited money to banks that were more successful Effects of the Emergency Banking Act -Positive Impact: Within two weeks, in 1933 50 percent of all bank deposits returned Stock Market jumped 15 percent -Negative impact: Unlimited money= large national debt FDRs Second Action Ends prohibition 21st amendment will make alcohol legal again Why? 35 percent of all government revenue came from alcohol sales Government needs money! Producing alcohol and opening bars created jobs FDR's Hands on Style of Government FDR will create hundreds of government programs and agencies designed to "cure the ills of society" Alphabet Soup Hundreds of three or four-letter government agencies that would regulate the US economy.

Why did the US avoid entering the war? Name at least three reasons. Conclude by sharing your opinion. Do you think the US should have entered the war sooner?

The US avoided entering the war because the American economy was struggling because of the great depression and they couldn't afford weapons for the war, their military was lacking, and so that they could protect their democracy. I think the US should have entered the war before Japan's invasion of china and dissolved the trade treaty before that way it would have eliminated the war between Japan and China and Japan could have been one of the allied powers to help aid the US in helping them defeat Germany.

How did the American role in the war change from 1939 to 1941?

The US started supplying countries that were fighting Nazi Germany.

Stock Market Rules

Rule # 1 The more people that want to purchase, the price goes up The more people that want to sell, the price goes down The stock goes up= more people purchasing The stock goes down= more people selling In the 1920s - were people buying or selling? People were buying since they wanted more money (more wealth) In the 1930s - were people buying or selling? People were selling due to the great depression (getting out of buying stocks) Dow Jones 30 of the largest companies in the United States AXP- American Express CVX- Chevron JNJ- Johnson and Johnson Average of all 30 companies= Dow Jones Number Nasdaq Index of Technology Companies A good measure of the tech industry S&P 500 Standard and Poor's 500 index A mixture of small, medium, and large companies 2) Average of all 500 companies in the index "Most Investors use this as the most accurate metric of the market" What are they for? These three indexes allow investors to see how the market is doing " in average" Cash: $1,000,000 Cash Earn 1 percent per month in cash No risk/Minimal Return ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds) Company that invests in an index of companies for you SPY (S&P 500 Index) QQQ (Nasdaq Index) DIA (Dow Jones Index) SOXX (Semiconductor Index) XLF (Banks Index Fund) XLE (Energy Index Fund) IBB (BioTech Index Fund) XLRE (Real Estate Index Fund) SLV (Silver) GLD (Gold) ETF Database https://etfdb.com/etfs/sector/ Individual Companies AAPL (Apple) AMZN (Amazon) GME (Gamestop) KO (Coca Cola) V (Visa) HD (Home Depot) *Thousands of companies to choose from*

What were some examples of improvements in everyday life for Americans in the 1920s?

Some examples of improvements in everyday life for Americans in the 1920s are the washing machine, refrigerator, electricity, cars, getting a vacation, and working a five and a half-day week.

Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?

Tensions during the Great Depression Japan has been isolated from the world for most of history which is the reason why they sought expansion. The war against china from 1984-1985 and the Russo-Japanese war (1904-1905) sparked this along with Japan's participation in WW1 from 1914-1918. Furthermore, The great depression of the 1930s led to Japan trying to acquire and conquer Manchuria until 1945 in order to get their resources to help Japan out of the economic and demographic problems at the time, much like how they wanted to conquer other nations like the US, eventually leading to the pearl harbor attack. The US was trying to stop Japan's Global Expansion The US began passing economic sanctions against Japan in hopes that embargoes on oil and other goods would stop Japan from expansionism. They also gave economic support to Guomindang forces. The sanctions and embargoes that the US passed convinced the Japanese people to stop expanding but it also made them angry and to defend themselves as a world power, they had no choice but to attack the US. Destroying the base at Pearl Harbor would mean Japan controlled the Pacific Was it successful? In May of 1940, the US made pearl harbor its main base for its naval fleet. Unknowingly, the US created an easy target for Japan to launch their surprise attack on, which leads to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August of 1945 due to Japan's surrender. Japan failed at trying to control the whole pacific (all Western colonial possessions- Burma, Dutch east indies, etc.) by trying to offer them resources) and they failed because they missed oil tanks, ammunition sites, and repair facilities.

American mafia

The American Mafia, an Italian American organized crime-network with operations in cities across the United States, particularly New York and Chicago, rose to power through it's success in the illicit liquor trade during the 1920's prohibition era Prohibition-alcohol production, sale, and transportation was illegal (18th amendment)

Edpuzzle (CCC, FDIA, SSA)

The Civilian Conservation Corps was part of ___ RELIEF program to provide jobs on conservation projects to young men whose family needed relief. New Deal program Who was the Civilian Conservation Corps intended for? mostly young men and unskilled unemployed men ages 18 to 25 How long did the men sign up to work for in the CCC? up to 2 years 6 months at a time How much were the young men paid while employed in the CCC? $30 a month and $25 of those were sent to their parents The CCC camps featured ? Mess Hall & Recreation Hall Education Hall to teach literacy Medical Hall, Blacksmith & tool room What was the purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps? Conservation of natural lands Cleaning national and state parks What are some of the jobs that the Civilian Conversation Corps? creating airports, build dams fire lookouts and building roads Restoration of lands and control of soil erosion What are some of the everlasting effects of the Civilian Conservation Corps? planted 3 Billion trees, fixed 800 parks 97,000 miles of roads employed nearly 2.5 Million young men

Could the Great Depression have been avoided? Explain by referring to the factors that led to the depression.

The Great Depression could have been avoided because the main factors that led to the depression were the widening gap between the rich and the poor (the wealth had a 75% income increase), there was over-consumption (due to the new technological innovations that many Americans wanted as home appliances), failed farming (farmers didn't save up much before the great depression), slow international trade (since people pulled their stocks, personal deposits, saving,s and credit, and because president hoover signed the treaty to help business people which lowered the ability for other countries to make money off of international trade), and also panic. If the rich and poor did not have such a social inequality and the prices were equal for both classes, then there would be equal consumption since both groups have an equal price to pay and so farmers would also be able to have a chance at making money off of their food surplus, and with the economy being a little stable the president wouldn't have had to sign the big tariff which would have helped other countries but still have been an advantage to local businesses and obviously not resulted in much panic at the end because of the competition among the unemployed.

Why did FDR believe he needed to stay in office for a fourth term?

The US was still fighting in World War II.

Was the United States the "savior of Europe" or a "reluctant ally"? Make an argument and use evidence to support your thinking.

The United States was a "reluctant ally". They joined the war late. According to the article it states "... after British, Soviet, and Germany troops had all nearly exhausted themselves.... the American support of arms and supplies... was essential to the allied forces." This states that the Americans didn't really support any of the troops among the allied forces. This proves that the US was reluctant to help the allied troops. Also according to the article, they questioned the reports of industrial death camps and doubted them, which proves that the US was reluctant at first to helping Europe amid the interest of the other Allies to help liberate prisoners from death camps. Also at the beginning of the article, it states that the US strategically wanted revenge on Europe and it also states that American troops bombed all over the city of Germany and that the help of Britain was useful for them because they helped reveal Germany's secret codes. This shows that the US really wanted revenge on Europe as an extended result of pearl harbor and they also tried to be an ally with the allied forces which is why they were "reluctant" as an ally.

What did FDR refer to the U.S. as in regard to preparing for World War II?

The arsenal for democracy

How were the countries of Europe and Asia affected by the spread of German and Japanese imperial power?

The countries of Europe and Asia were affected by the spread of German and Japanese imperial power because in Europe in order to promote the idea of unification and expansion of the "master race", Germany tried to annex Austria, invaded Poland (Czechoslovakia), Russia, Britain and even France and they were all destroyed and suffered heavy casualties and destruction as a result of the germans. On the other hand, Asia was affected by the spread of the Japanese imperial power because there was a war against china since Japan needed resources and china had them which lead to many women being raped, and many people being killed in Bejing, Shanghai, and Nanjing, destroying them.

In what way did the Dust Bowl contribute to the problems of the Great Depression?

The crisis in the Midwest caused migration to the West where unemployment was already a problem.

Roaring 20's

The decade of the 1920s, especially in America, when economic growth, technological change, and the loosening of social codes encouraged a lively and uninhibited youth culture centered around the automobile, jazz music, and bootleg liquor.

How does youth culture develop in the 1920s for the first time?

Wealth- the united states experience a rapid increase in wealth and prosperity Americans had excess capital to spend on new products and leisure

Harlem Renaissance Edpuzzle

What do we call this movement of African American people from the rural south to the industrial north? The Great Migration

Harlem Renaissance (key notes)

What is Harlem? Harlem, NY Small Neighborhood in Upper Manhattan, New York City Historically African- American Community What is a Renaissance? The French word for "rebirth" 1) Art 2) Literature 3) Music Harlem Renaissance Definition Reawakening, rebirth within the community of Harlem; a rebirth of African- American culture Definition: The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, and politics centered in Harlem, Manhattan, NYC spanning the 1920s and 1930s What was the most popular style of music during this era? Jazz Type your favorite song of the 1920s from the website provided Ain't Misbehavin' - Stormy Weather (1943) by Fats Waller Great Migration Was the movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970. Why leave the south? Jim Crow Laws (Segregation) Restricted from Employment Ku Klux Klan re-emerged Black codes The Northern cities offered greater economic opportunities than the south In what year did the percentage of African Americans living in the South go below 80 percent for the first time? 1930 New Negro Movement "New Negro" is a term popularized during the Harlem Renaissance implying more outspoken advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit quietly to the practices and laws of Jim Crow Racial Segregation Promote: Racial Pride Cultural Self Expression

Harlem Renaissance Actively learn

What led to disillusionment on the part of African Americans in 1920s America? -They were still being discriminated against even after they fought for the country. How did the poetry, music, and literature of the Harlem Renaissance reflect African Americans' feelings about themselves? -They tried to dispel stereotypes by showcasing their own culture. What caused cultural changes in the African-American community during the 1920s? -Garveyism, being treated as second-class citizens in the south, the rapid expansion of Harlem, racial discrimination after WW1, sexual freedom and gay life (as a result of the speakeasies and bars at Harlem), the UNIA movement (allowing for African American self-expression, and the Negro World paper (promoting art, literature, and music during the Harlem Renaissance) were all the causes that resulted in cultural changes in the African- American community during the 1920s.

Edpuzzle WW2 Part 2

Which of these does not describe the Tripartite pact? Pushed for the United States to join the war on the side of the Axis powers. The German U-boats became less of threat when Alan Turing cracked the German enigma code. True What is the biggest reason for Germany's inability to capture Moscow? The very-cold winters in Russia. After Pearl Harbor, the US would first declare war on Germany. False The turning point for the Russians during Germany's invasion of Russia was when: They were able to amass more tanks and aircrafts and push Hitler's forces back at Stalingrad. The Battle of Midway would prove to be a crushing defeat for the Japanese because: The US would sink a lot of Japanese naval carries. Which of these describes the US' campaign of island hopping? The US army's campaign in which they hopped from island to island in the Pacific in order to get closer to the Japanese mainland, facing more resistant as they got closer. The US used the atomic bombs as a show of force, to halt the French occupancy/control of Eastern Europe. False At the end of the war, Germany was not occupied by: italy There are two superpowers that would come out of WWII with two different ideologies; The US and Russia. What were their two ideologies? [Foreshadowing question, do not worry if you do not know this, take your best guess.] Democracy and Communism

Pearl Harbor Edpuzzle

Who attacked the U.S. on Dec 7, 1941? Japan What were the Japanese after? battleships/aircraft How many torpedoes were dropped in 20 minutes? 44 How many aircraft (planes) arrived an hour and 15 mins later for the second attack? 167 How high did the fireball above the USS Arizona reach? 800 ft The total number of military personnel killed was 2,335, including 2,008 navy personnel, 109 marines, and 218 army. Added to this were 68 civilians 1,177 were from the USS Arizona. How many were killed in total? 2,403

Ending the great depression notes

Who was Henry Morgenthau? Secretary of the Treasury under FDR What is Morgenthau arguing here? Morgenthau is arguing to end unemployment and to make people prosperous and wealthy and that the administration is not helping to promote that. He's stating that spending money isn't working to make the country prosperous and the administration's method of dealing with unemployment has only made the situation worse. Does his argument in 1939 help or hurt your argument from last week? (Capitalism vs Socialism) How? His argument in 1939 helps my argument from last week because I was arguing that Capitalism is better and that means giving jobs to people and making them employed so they can earn money to enhance the idea of equal opportunity for all (every man to live a comfortable living) which is basically the same message that Morgenthau is stating here: He wants to see people with money and not unemployed and in debt and for everyone to be satisfied. Unemployment Data 1931- Unemployment Rate 16.3 % 1939- Unemployment Rate 17.2 % World War II Unemployment Rate 1941-14.6% Start of the war 1945- 1.6% End of the war What ended the Great Depression? World War 2 Factories to build war materials Men enlist to fight in the war Women and Unemployed fill open jobs

Stock Market Actively Learn

Why did President Harding think that America needed a return to the "normal way"? The U.S. had lost thousands fighting in the war, and there had been terrible riots and strikes at home. How did the role of women change during the 1920s? They were more politically and socially active. What was American life focused on during the 1920s? People bought new items, listened to new music, learned new dances, and had fun. Is "return to normalcy" or "roaring twenties" a better descriptor for this important decade? Use the text to give reasons for your answer. "roaring twenties" is a better description for this important decade. According to the article, this is the time period where black people started pushing for their rights, women gained the right to vote and were active socially and politically, people learned about different cultures through dance and music and watching movies, and were able to enjoy life, especially with the invention of the automobile. Since a lot happened in the 1920s and since it changed America in the form of becoming more modern, it should be called the "Roaring 20's". There was a backlash against African Americans since they demanded their freedom (forming KKK) and people didn't like how people became lazier and "morals were declining", "People were becoming too materialistic, according to the article which proves that the 1920s was not a return to normalcy and that there was still a lot of commotion happening, especially as it ties into the great depression in the 1930s.

Edpuzzle A-bomb

Why was the United States in such a hurry to develop an atomic bomb? The US was afraid that Germany would be the first to develop an atomic bomb Why was the United States the only country to be able to develop a workable atomic bomb? Because the US was the only country to have the money and resources needed to develop such a complex weapon Who was the US president who made the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan? Truman If you were President Truman, would you drop the A-bomb or would you choose another way to end the war with Japan? I would choose to drop the A- bomb because it's a faster way to end all problems with Japan rather than negotiating with them (i.e creating treaties, etc.)