Intro to Biology Evolution and Natural Selection

If the frequency of the cystic fibrosis allele is 0.022. What is the the proportion of people who will express this recessive trait?

0.00048

If the frequency of the cystic fibrosis allele is 0.022 then the frequency of the dominant allele is 0.978. What is the the proportion of people who are heterozygous, carriers of the cystic fibrosis allele?

0.043

In his book, The Descent of Man, ______ proposed that humans and living apes descended from a common ancestor.

Darwin

What would be a null hypothesis predicted by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Genotype frequencies are not changing from generation to generation.

While some critics argue that complex processes like the mammalian blood clotting system are irreducibly complex, this system has actually evolved ______.

In steps from much simpler systems

Civil rights groups used the case of what high school teacher to challenge the Tennessee law of teaching evolution in 1925?

John Scopes

Select all of the following observations of evolution that do NOT align with the intelligent design argument.

Not all structures are optimally designed. Complex structures evolved with slight improvements. Evolution acts on the system, not its parts in isolation.

Lack studied the finches during the wet year when food was plentiful. What can be concluded from his work?

Slender and stout beaks work equally well to gather the abundant tender small seeds.

The number that represents the proportion of a particular form of a gene in a population is called the ______.

allele frequency

More _______ related organisms will have more genomic differences.

distantly

The presence of pharyngeal pouches and a long bony tail in the ______ of vertebrates demonstrate the evolutionary history of this group.

embryos

Critics of Darwin argue that fossil intermediates do not exist. That claim is incorrect because ______.

fossil intermediates in several vertebrate lineages have been found

The preserved remains, tracks, or traces of once-living organisms are called ______.

fossils

The proportion of a particular allele found in a population is called the allele _________ and can be used to study the genetics of a population.

frequency

The claims that molecular components of living cells are irreducibly complex fail to consider that steps can be added sequentially to the system as long as at every stage of its evolution, the system ______.

functions

A process called ______ ________ is responsible for random changes in allele frequencies, often in small populations.

genetic drift

The five evolutionary forces affecting allele frequencies include mutation, migration, nonrandom mating, selection, and ______.

genetic drift

Select all of the following that are true about more closely related organisms.

have a smaller number of amino acid differences for a particular protein have a smaller number of DNA differences

In recent years, critics of Darwin have begun new attempts to combat the teaching of evolution in the classroom, stating that life is too complex for natural selection and so must reflect ______ design.

intelligent

One of the assumptions required for a population to remain at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is that ______.

mating is random

Movement of individuals into or out of a population is called ________ and can change the genetic composition of a population.

migration

A change in the sequence of DNA nucleotides is called a(n)

mutation

Select all of the forces that can cause allele frequencies in populations to significantly differ from the proportions predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg rule.

mutation selection migration genetic drift

Individuals with a certain genotype are sometimes more often chosen as mates than others. This is an example of ______.

nonrandom mating

When something is acting on a population to alter one or more genotypic frequencies, the __________ hypothesis predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is rejected.

null

The study of the properties of genes in populations is called _________ genetics.

population

The study of genetic variation within natural populations is called ______

population genetics

Select all of the assumptions that must be true for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

random mating occurs no mutation no new alleles are being added to the population

What is the process by which some individuals of a population survive to produce more offspring than other individuals due to the presence of inherited characteristics that are favorable?

selection

Embryos can indicate evolutionary history due to ______.

similarities during development

An increase in the number of individuals displaying an intermediate phenotype results from a form of natural selection called

stabilizing selection

What data regarding the Galápagos finches compiled by David Lack contradicted Darwin?

stout-beak species and the slender-beak species were feeding on the very same array of seeds

Match each prezygotic isolating mechanism with its correct example.

temporal isolation: azaleas bloom in early spring while tiger lilies bloom in the summer behavior isolation: frog vocalizations are different for different species ecological isolation: lions and tigers utilize different areas of the same environment mechanical isolation: plant pollen will only attach to specific parts of certain flowers

Nonrandom mating is ______.

the selection of a mate based on certain physical characteristics

Darwin and his contemporaries could not explain genetic variation within natural populations because

the ways in which meiosis produces genetic segregation among progeny had not yet been discovered.