Intro to Nutrition: Chapter 5

Energy from fat should provide _______ of the total energy in the diet.

20 - 35%

A quarter-pound fast-food hamburger sandwich provides 400 calories and contains 20 grams of fat. What is the percentage of calories from fat?

45 percent

One gram of fat equals ____ calories

9

Identify the statement about fat that is NOT true.

All body cells can store any amount of fat.

Which of the following forms of fat is most saturated?

Beef Tallow

What role does bile play in the digestion of fats?

Bile acts as an emulsifier so that fat-digesting enzymes can break down fats.

_________ is/are important for the emulsification of fat in the small intestines, and _______ is/are important for the transport of fat in the blood.

Bile, Lipoproteins

How does exercise support the health of the heart?

Blood glucose regulation is improved, The body grows leaner, The muscles of the heart strengthen. All these answers are correct.

Which other energy-supplying nutrient is necessary for the complete breakdown of fat?

Carbohydrate

________ is important in the structure of the cell membranes of every cell, making it necessary to the body's proper functioning.

Cholesterol

_______ transport triglycerides eaten in foods to the subcutaneous fat layer under the skin.

Chylomicrons

Your friend Mike wants to start taking fish oil supplements. What should you recommend to your friend regarding fish oil consumption?

Consuming fish in conjunction with a healthy diet is recommended over taking fish oil supplements.

Which grain-based food likely has the most saturated fat?

Croissant

What is the least effective way to lower your saturated fat intake?

Eat ice cream instead of sherbet.

Chylomicrons, a class of lipoprotein, are produced in the liver.

False

Consuming large amounts of saturated fatty acids lowers LDL cholesterol and thus lowers the risk of heart disease and heart attack.

False

Fat is not an essential nutrient and is the main cause of health problems, such as obesity, in the United States.

False

Fats play few roles in the body, apart from providing abundant fuel in the form of calories.

False

Sterols, phospholipids, and triglycerides are all classes of lipids, and most are phospholipids.

False

Taking supplements of fish oil is recommended for those who don't like fish.

False

Which nutrient group supplies most of the energy needed to perform the body's muscular work?

Fat

What happens when the body uses its energy stores to provide cellular energy during a time of fasting, when there is not enough food energy?

Fat cells break down stored fat and release fatty acids into the blood.

What role does fat play in a healthy diet?

Fat helps the body use vitamins A, D, E, and K, Fat contributes to satiety after a meal, Fat helps with the absorption of some phytochemicals. All answers are correct

Which of the following is not one of the ways fats are useful in foods?

Fats provide a low-calorie source of energy compared to carbohydrates.

What is a primary function of fat in the body?

Fats provide the energy to fuel muscular work.

Which type of food would be the best to eat to increase intake of EPA and DHA?

Fish

Select the list of foods that supply mostly unsaturated oils.

Fish, nuts, olives

The best way to apply the lipid advice from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to:

Follow an eating pattern recommended by the Dietary Guidelines.

A ______ molecule is formed from one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules

Glycerol

___________ are the leading single contributor of solid fats to the U.S. diet.

Grain-based desserts

Which statement accurately reflects the influence hydrogenation has on oils?

Hydrogenation causes oils to lose their unsaturated character.

______ are organic compounds soluble in organic solvents but not in water.

Lipids

________ are special transport vehicles for lipids in blood and lymph.

Lipoproteins

Which of the following is NOT a modifiable lifestyle factor in heart disease risk?

Low blood LDL cholesterol

An eating pattern with sufficient essential fatty acids includes

Nuts and vegetable oils, two servings of seafood a week.

What is the most accurate statement about the process of hydrogenation of liquid vegetable oils?

Oils that undergo hydrogenation are more resistant to oxidation and have a longer shelf-life.

What type of language on meat packaging would a person want to avoid when they are trying to choose lean meat?

Patties

Which class of lipid can serve as an emulsifier?

Phospholipids

___________ is the best way to raise blood HDL cholesterol.

Regular Physical activity

Which type of fatty acid is filled to capacity with hydrogen?

Saturated Fatty acid

High intakes of which types of fat are associated with serious diseases?

Saturated and trans fats

What are symptoms associated with a diet deficient in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Skin abnormalities and poor wound healing

Where does most fat digestion occur?

Small intestine

Which statement about the lipid guidelines and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is true?

Total fat intake alone cannot account for differences in risks of CVD.

________ raises _______ ("bad") cholesterol.

Trans Fat, LDL

Fat breakdown without carbohydrate causes ketones to build up in the tissues and blood and to be excreted in the urine.

True

Fried fish from fast-food restaurants and frozen fried fish products are often low in omega-3 fatty acids and high in solid fats.

True

LDL, a class of lipoprotein, delivers triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver to the body's tissues.

True

Little fat digestion takes place in the stomach.

True

Most solid fats in the U.S. diet are supplied by invisible fats.

True

Solid fats and high-calorie choices lurk in every food group.

True

_________ abundantly supplies omega-6 fatty acids in the U.S. diet.

Vegetable oil

Which lipoprotein is made inside the small intestinal cells and transports dietary fats through the circulatory system to the liver and other tissues?

chylomicrons

When energy from food is in short supply, the body ____________________________

dismantles its stored triglycerides and releases fatty acids for energy.

Bile is essential for fat digestion because it _______________________________

emulsifies fats in the small intestine.

The roles of the essential fatty acids include ____________

forming parts of cell membranes, supporting infant growth and vision development, maintaining normal blood pressure. all of the above

Trans-fatty acids arise when unsaturated fats are

hydrogenated

A way to prevent spoilage of unsaturated fats and make them harder is to change their fatty acids chemically through _______

hydrogenation

The process of __________ creates trans-fatty acids.

hydrogenation

Which of the following plant oils is (are) highly saturated?

palm and coconut oils

Which of the following lipids can serve as an emulsifier?

phospholipids

Which food contains the least healthful type of fat?

salad in taco shell with chili, cheese, sour cream, and salsa

Which lipid has the greatest influence on blood cholesterol levels?

saturated fat

At what part of the digestive tract does fat digestion primarily take place?

small intestine

All of these are functions of lipids EXCEPT providing ________.

the main energy source for the brain

Ninety-five percent of the fat we consume is in the form of ________.

triglycerides

The body stores excess energy from food as ________.

triglycerides

A benefit to health is seen when _________ is used in place of ____ in the diet.

unsaturated fat/saturated fat

Saturation refers to _______

whether or not a fatty acid chain is holding all of the hydrogen atoms it can hold.

Along with milk, ______ appears in the Milk Products group?

yogurt