Intro to Programming Concepts Midterm Study Guide

The programming language C++ evolved from _____.

C

The ____ is the brain of the computer and the single most expensive piece of hardware in your personal computer.

CPU

____ consists of 65,536 characters.

Unicode

The devices that feed data and programs into computers are called ____ devices.

input

The basic commands that a computer performs are ____, and performance of arithmetic and logical operations.

input, output, storage

A(n) ____________________ is a collection of statements, and when it is activated, or executed, it accomplishes something.

subprogram

Suppose that sum and num are int variables and sum = 5 and num = 10. After the statement sum += num executes, ____.

sum = 15

A(n) ____________________ is a memory location whose contents can be changed.

variable

The ____ rules of a programming language tell you which statements are legal, or accepted, by the programming language.

syntax

The smallest individual unit of a program written in any language is called a(n) ____________________.

token

In a C++ program, ____________________ are used to separate special symbols, reserved words, and identifiers.

whitespaces

____ is a valid int value.

46259

Putting ____________________ in front of a logical expression reverses the value of that logical expression.

!

Which of the following operators has the highest precedence?

!

Which of the following is the "not equal to" relational operator?

!=

You can disable assert statements by using which of the following?

#define NDEBUG

For a program to use the assert function, it must include which of the following?

#include <cassert>

Suppose that ch1, ch2, and ch3 are variables of the type char. The input is: ​ A B C ​ What is the value of ch3 after the following statements execute? ​ cin.get(ch1); cin.get(ch2); cin.get(ch3);

'B'

Suppose that ch1, ch2, and ch3 are variables of the type char. The input is: ​ A B C ​ Choose the value of ch3 after the following statement executes: ​ cin >> ch1 >> ch2 >> ch3;

'C'

Suppose that x is an int variable. Which of the following expressions always evaluates to true?

(x > 0) || ( x <= 0)

Which of the following expressions correctly determines that x is greater than 10 and less than 20?

10 < x && x < 20

Which of the following is a legal identifier?

program_1

Suppose that x is an int variable and y is a double variable. The input is: ​ 10 20.7 ​ Choose the values after the following statement executes: cin >> x >> y;.

x = 10, y = 20.7

Suppose that x is an int variable, y is a double variable, and ch is a char variable. The input is: ​ 15A 73.2 ​ Choose the values after the following statement executes: ​ cin >> x >> ch >> y;x = 15, ch = 'A', y = 73.2

x = 15, ch = 'A', y = 73.2

Suppose that x is an int variable, y is a double variable, and z is an int variable. The input is: ​ 15 76.3 14 ​ Choose the values after the following statement executes: ​ cin >> x >> y >> z;

x = 15, y = 76.3, z = 14

Suppose that x and y are int variables, and z is a double variable. The input is: ​ 28 32.6 12 ​ Choose the values of x, y, and z after the following statement executes: ​ cin >> x >> y >> z;

x = 28, y = 32, z = 0.6

Suppose that x = 55.68, y = 476.859, and z = 23.8216. What is the output of the following statements? cout << fixed << showpoint; cout << setprecision(3); cout << x << ' ' << y << ' ' << setprecision(2) << z << endl;

55.680 476.859 23.82

The expression static_cast<int>(9.9) evaluates to ____.

9

Which of the following operators has the lowest precedence?

=

Which of the following is a relational operator?

==

Suppose that x and y are int variables, ch is a char variable, and the input is: 4 2 A 12 Choose the values of x, y, and ch after the following statement executes: cin >> x >> ch >> y;

This statement results in input failure

A compound statement functions as if it was a single statement.

True

A control structure alters the normal sequential flow of execution in a program.

True

Entering a char value into an int variable causes serious errors, called input failure.

True

In C++, && has a higher precedence than ||.

True

In C++, the operators != and == have the same order of precedence.

True

Information stored in main memory must be transferred to some other device for permanent storage.

True

Main memory is directly connected to the CPU.

True

Suppose P and Q are logical expressions. The logical expression P && Q is true if both P and Q are true.

True

The maximum number of significant digits in float values is up to 6 or 7.

True

The maximum number of significant digits in values of the double type is 15.

True

The number of input data extracted by cin and >> depends on the number of variables appearing in the cin statement.

True

When reading data into a char variable, after skipping any leading whitespace characters, the extraction operator >> finds and stores only the next character; reading stops after a single character.

True

You can use the function getline to read a string containing blanks.

True

Suppose that ch1 and ch2 are char variables and the input is: WXYZ What is the value of ch2 after the following statements execute? cin.get(ch1); cin.putback(ch1); cin >> ch2;

W

Which of the following is the newline character?

\n

Suppose that alpha is an int variable and ch is a char variable. The input is: ​ 17 A ​ What are the values after the following statements execute? ​ cin >> alpha; cin >> ch;

alpha = 17, ch = 'A'

In a switch statement, if the value of the expression does not match any of the case values, the statements following the ____________________ label execute.

default

Once an input stream enters a(n) ____________________ state, all subsequent input statements associated with that input stream are ignored, and the computer continues to execute the program, which produces erroneous results.

fail

Suppose found = true and num = 6. The value of the expression (!found) || (num > 6) is ____________________.

false

The value of the expression 6 < 5 || 'g' > 'a' && 7 < 4 is ____________________.

false

C++ provides a header file called ____________________, which is used for file I/O.

fstream

Which of the following will cause a logical error if you are attempting to compare x to 5?

if (x = 5)

When you want to process only partial data, you can use the stream function ____ to discard a portion of the input.

ignore

In object-oriented design, the first step in the problem-solving process is to identify the components called ____________________, which form the basis of the solution, and to determine how they interact with one another.

objects

In a C++ program, one and two are double variables and input values are 10.5 and 30.6. After the statement cin >> one >> two; executes, ____.

one = 10.5, two = 30.6

Suppose that outFile is an ofstream variable and output is to be stored in the file outputData.out. Which of the following statements opens the file outputData.out and associates outFile to the output file?

outFile.open("outputData.out");

Consider the following statements. int score; string grade; if (score >= 65) grade = "pass"; else grade = "fail"; If score is equal to 75, the value of grade is "____________________".

pass

In a C++ program, statements that begin with the symbol # are called ____________________ directives.

preprocessor

Main memory is called ____.

random access memory

In ____________________ design, the final program is a collection of interacting objects.

OOD (object oriented design)

The basic commands that a computer performs are input (get data), output (display result), storage, and performance of arithmetic and logical operations.

True

To develop a program to solve a problem, you start by analyzing the problem.

True

The memory allocated for a float value is ____ bytes.

four

The term GB refers to ____.

gigabyte

A data type is called ____________________ if the variable or named constant of that type can store only one value at a time.

simple

Dividing a problem into smaller subproblems is called ____ design.

structured

Which of the following is a reserved word in C++?

char

Suppose that x and y are int variables. Which of the following is a valid input statement?

cin >> x >> y;

An example of a floating point data type is ____.

double

When the computer is turned off, everything in secondary memory is lost.

False

When you compile your program, the compiler identifies the logic errors and suggests how to correct them.

False

____________________ languages include FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal, C, C++, Java, and Python.

High-level

____ is a valid char value.

'A'

What is the output of the following statements? cout << setfill('*'); cout << "12345678901234567890" << endl cout << setw(5) << "18" << setw(7) << "Happy" << setw(8) << "Sleepy" << endl;

12345678901234567890 ***18**Happy**Sleepy

The ASCII data set consists of ____________________ characters.

128

____________________ can be used to identify the authors of the program, give the date when the program is written or modified, give a brief explanation of the program, and explain the meaning of key statements in a program.

Comments

____________________ signals represent information with a sequence of 0s and 1s.

Digital

____ represent information with a sequence of 0s and 1s.

Digital signals

A comma is also called a statement terminator.

False

A mixed arithmetic expression contains all operands of the same type.

False

An operator that has only one operand is called a unique operator.

False

C++ programs have always been portable from one compiler to another.

False

In C++, reserved words are the same as predefined identifiers.

False

Consider the following code. // Insertion Point 1 using namespace std; const float PI = 3.14; int main() { //Insertion Point 2 float r = 2.0; float area; area = PI * r * r; cout << "Area = " << area <<endl; return 0; } // Insertion Point 3 In this code, where does the include statement belong?

Insertion Point 1

A step-by-step problem-solving process in which a solution is arrived at in a finite amount of time is called a(n) ____.

algorithm

Suppose that alpha and beta are int variables and alpha = 5 and beta = 10. After the statement alpha *= beta; executes, ____.

alpha = 50

Suppose that alpha and beta are int variables. The statement alpha = beta++; is equivalent to the statement(s) ____.

alpha = beta; beta = beta + 1;

The declaration int a, b, c; is equivalent to which of the following?

int a,b,c;

Suppose x is 5 and y is 7. Choose the value of the following expression: (x != 7) && (x <= y)

true

The value of the expression 7 + 8 <= 15 is ____________________.

true

In C++, the dot is an operator called the ____ operator.

member access

Choose the output of the following C++ statement: cout << "Sunny " << '\n' << "Day " << endl;

Sunny Day

Assembly language uses easy-to-remember instructions called ____________________.

mnemonics

When one control statement is located within another, it is said to be ____.

nested

What is the output of the following statements? cout << "123456789012345678901234567890" << endl cout << setfill('#') << setw(10) << "Mickey" << setfill(' ') << setw(10) << "Donald" << setfill('*') << setw(10) << "Goofy" << endl;

123456789012345678901234567890 ####Mickey Donald*****Goofy

Suppose that x = 1565.683, y = 85.78, and z = 123.982. What is the output of the following statements? cout << fixed << showpoint; cout << setprecision(3) << x << ' '; cout << setprecision(4) << y << ' ' << setprecision(2) << z << endl;

1565.683 85.7800 123.98

Assume you have three int variables: x = 2, y = 6, and z. Choose the value of z in the following expression: z = (y / x > 0) ? x : y;.

2

What is the output of the following C++ code? int x = 55; int y = 5; switch (x % 7) { case 0: case 1: y++; case 2: case 3: y = y + 2; case 4: break; case 5: case 6: y = y - 3; } cout << y << endl;

2

What is the output of the following C++ code? int x = 35; int y = 45; int z; if (x > y) z = x + y; else z = y - x; cout << x << " " << y << " " << z << endl;

35 45 10

What is the value of x after the following statements execute? int x; x = (5 <= 3 && 'A' < 'F') ? 3 : 4

4

If input failure occurs in a C++ program, the program terminates immediately and displays an error message.

False

If the expression in an assert statement evaluates to true, the program terminates.

False

In C++, both ! and != are relational operators.

False

In an output statement, each occurrence of endl advances the cursor to the end of the current line on an output device.

False

In the statement cin >> x;, x can be a variable or an expression.

False

The expression (x >= 0 && x <= 100) evaluates to false if either x < 0 or x >= 100.

False

The extraction operator >> skips only all leading blanks when searching for the next data in the input stream.

False

The following statements will result in input failure if the input values are not on a separate line. (Assume that x and y are int variables.) cin >> x; cin >> y;

False

The operators !, &&, and || are called relational operators.

False

The result of a logical expression cannot be assigned to an int variable, but it can be assigned to a bool variable.

False

The ____________________ of relational and logical operators is said to be from left to right.

associativity

Suppose that x is an int variable, ch is a char variable, and the input is: 276. Choose the values after the following statement executes: cin >> ch >> x;

ch = '2', x = 76

Suppose that ch1 and ch2 are char variables, and alpha is an int variable. The input is: ​ A 18 ​ What are the values after the following statement executes? ​ cin.get(ch1); cin.get(ch2); cin >> alpha;

ch1 = 'A', ch2 = ' ', alpha = 18

C++ has a special name for the data types istream and ostream. They are called ____________________.

classes

Consider the following program segment. ifstream inFile; //Line 1 int x, y; //Line 2 ... //Line 3 inFile >> x >> y; //Line 4 Which of the following statements at Line 3 can be used to open the file progdata.dat and input data from this file into x and y at Line 4?

inFile.open("progdata.dat");

You can use either a(n) ____ or a ____ to store the value of a logical expression.

int, bool

What does <= mean?

less than or equal to

What is the output of the following code? char lastInitial = 'S'; switch (lastInitial) { case 'A': cout << "section 1" <<endl; break; case 'B': cout << "section 2" <<endl; break; case 'C': cout << "section 3" <<endl; break; case 'D': cout << "section 4" <<endl; break; default: cout << "section 5" <<endl; }

section 5

In a ____ control structure, the computer executes particular statements depending on some condition(s).

selection

Putting a semicolon after the parentheses following the expression in an if statement (that is, before the statement) is a(n) ____________________ error.

semantic

____ is a parameterized stream manipulator.

setfill

The term ____________________ describes a process in which the computer evaluates a logical expression from left to right and stops as soon as the value of the expression is known.

short-circuit evaluation

Suppose we declare a variable sum as an int. The statement "sum += 7;" is equivalent to the statement "sum = sum + 7;".

True

____ are executable statements that inform the user what to do.

Prompt lines

____________________ rules determine the meaning of instructions.

Semantic

Suppose that ch1 and ch2 are char variables and the input is: WXYZ What is the value of ch2 after the following statements execute? cin >> ch1; ch2 = cin.peek(); cin >> ch2;

X

The command that does the linking on Visual C++ Express (2013 or 2016) and Visual Studio 2015 is Make or Remake.

False

Suppose a = 5. After the execution of the statement ++a; the value of a is 6.

True

Suppose that alpha and beta are int variables. The statement alpha = ++beta; is equivalent to the statement(s) ____.

beta = beta + 1; alpha = beta;

Suppose that alpha and beta are int variables. The statement alpha = --beta; is equivalent to the statement(s) ____.

beta = beta - 1; alpha = beta;

The digit 0 or 1 is called a binary digit, or ____.

bit

In C++, the mechanism that allows you to combine data and operations on the data into a single unit is called a(n) ____________________.

class

A program called a(n) ____ translates instructions written in high-level languages into machine code.

compiler

The devices that the computer uses to display results are called ____ devices.

output

A(n) ____________________ is a sequence of zero or more characters.

string

A sequence of eight bits is called a ____.

byte

The expression static_cast<int>(6.9) + static_cast<int>(7.9) evaluates to ____.

13

The length of the string "computer science" is ____.

16

Suppose that count is an int variable and count = 1. After the statement count++; executes, the value of count is ____.

2

Suppose that x = 25.67, y = 356.876, and z = 7623.9674. What is the output of the following statements? cout << fixed << showpoint; cout << setprecision(2); cout << x << ' ' << y << ' ' << z << endl;

25.67 356.88 7623.97

The value of the expression 17 % 7 is ____.

3

The value of the expression 33/10, assuming both values are integral data types, is ____.

3

Suppose that alpha, beta, and gamma are int variables and the input is: 100 110 120 200 210 220 300 310 320 What is the value of gamma after the following statements execute? cin >> alpha; cin.ignore(100, '\n'); cin >> beta; cin.ignore(100,'\n'); cin >> gamma;

300

If a C++ arithmetic expression has no parentheses, operators are evaluated from left to right.

True

____ programs perform a specific task.

Application

It is a good idea to redefine cin and cout in your programs.

False

The device that stores information permanently (unless the device becomes unusable or you change the information by rewriting it) is called primary storage.

False

The devices that feed data and programs into computers are called output devices.

False

The escape sequence \r moves the insertion point to the beginning of the next line.

False

____________________ functions are those that have already been written and are provided as part of the system.

Predefined

____________________ is the process of planning and creating a program.

Programming

Suppose that alpha and beta are int variables. The statement alpha = beta--; is equivalent to the statement(s) ____.

alpha = beta; beta = beta - 1;

The ____________________ type is C++ 's method for allowing programmers to create their own simple data types.

enumeration

When a value of one data type is automatically changed to another data type, a(n) ____________________ type coercion is said to have occurred.

implicit

Manipulators without parameters are part of the ____ header file.

iostream

A program called a(n) ____ combines the object program with the programs from libraries.

linker

A program that loads an executable program into main memory is called a(n) ____.

loader

The memory space for a(n) ____________________ data value is 64 bytes.

long long

Several categories of computers exist, such as ____.

mainframe, midsize, and micro

In C++, the dot is an operator called the ____________________operator.

member access

Main memory is an ordered sequence of items, called ____.

memory cells

In C++, you can use a(n) ____________________ to instruct a program to mark those memory locations in which data is fixed throughout program execution.

named constant

A(n) ____ consists of data and the operations on those data.

object

The ____ handles the overall activity of the computer and provides services.

operating system

The ____________________ handles the overall activity of the computer and provides services such as memory management, input/output activities, and storage management.

operating system

The function ____________________ returns the next character in the input stream; it does not remove the character from the input stream.

peek

The maximum number of significant digits is called the ____________________.

precision

C++ comes with a wealth of functions, called ____________________ functions, that are written by other programmers.

predefined