Intro to Psychology Unit 1 (ch. 1-5)
What is the purpose of a split brain operation?
To confine seizures to one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
Which of the following is true of Weber's constant?
Weber's constant for light is inaccurate when extremely bright or dull lights are compared.
In which of the following conditions do receptors for warmth fire?
When skin temperature increases
_____ was a founder of the school of functionalism.
William James
________ refers to the tendency to perceive a broken figure as being complete or whole.
closure
_________ refers to the tendency to perceive a broken figure as being complete or whole.
closure
Which of the following substances is a stimulant?
cocaine
Psychologists with a(n) _____ perspective venture into the realm of mental processes such as sensation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought, and problem solving to understand human nature.
cognitive
Visual acuity (sharpness and detail) is greatest at the _________.
fovea
_____ notes that for us to perceive lower pitches, we need to match the frequency of the sound waves with our neural impulses.
frequency theory
In conditioning, _________is the tendency for a conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the stimulus to which the response was conditioned.
generalization
_____ defines one's nature, which is based on biological structures and processes.
hereditary
Which of the following terms refers to an altered state of consciousness?
meditation
Which of the following terms is related to one's genotype?
nature
In operant conditioning, an organism learns to do or not do thingsbecause_____.
of the consequences of theirbehavior
Which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement?
Clara gets a chocolate bar from her father every time she completes a household chore.
Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells resulting in _________.
sensorineural deafness
Pain is usually sharpest where nerve endings are densely packed
vision
_____ is the school of psychology that focuses on learning observable conduct.
Behaviorism
Modern hypnosis evolves from the ideas of _____.
Franz Mesmer
Which of the following hallucinogens is derived from the resin of the Cannabis sativa plant?
Hashish
Which of the following is true about primary reinforcers?
Primary reinforcers are effective because of an organism's biological makeup.
Which of the following statements is true about taste aversions?
The unconditioned stimulus can occur hours after the conditioned stimulus.
In the context of pain, which of the following statements is true?
Pain is usually sharpest where nerve endings are densely packed
Which of the following is a suggestion by cognitive psychologists about the behavior of people?
People choose whether or not to imitate aggressive behaviors they observe.
Which of the following structures in the brain is known to be connected with vigilance?
The amygdala
Which of the following causes Down syndrome?
The presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair
In the context of immediate versus delayed reinforcers, which of the following statements is true?
The short-term consequences of behavior often provide greater incentive than the long-term consequences.
Ben is a drug addict who does not have much money. He often acquires his drugs by promising to pay the dealer later. Recently, the dealers have not been supplying Ben with drugs on loan. Ben has been going without drugs for the past week, which has led to the appearance of several physical symptoms. He begins to shake and sweat profusely. In this case, Ben is experiencing _____.
a craving
Which of the following terms also refers to the waking state?
conscious
________ is defined as a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence.
critical thinking
The knowledge of our own thoughts, images, emotions, and memories that we experience without the use of our sensory organs is known as _____.
direct inner awareness
Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of__________.
dopamine
_______ suggest that much human social behavior, such as aggressive behavior and mate selection, has a hereditary basis.
evolutionary psychologists
The perception of objects or events through means other than the recognized sensory organs is termed _________.
extrasensory perception
Dizygotic twins are important in the study of the relative influences of nature and nurture because differences between dizygotic twins are the result of nurture.
false
The _____ perspective is grounded in the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
human-existential
Which of the following terms best describes people who are easily hypnotized?
hypnotic suggestability
A(n)__________is a stereotyped pattern of behavior that is triggered in a specific situation.
instinct
Sean believes that many of our unconscious ideas and impulses stem from our childhood conflicts. Based on his beliefs, it can be said that Sean is a _____.
psychoanalyst
________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
psychology
_________is defined as a simple unlearned responseto a stimulus.
reflex
Narcolepsy is usually accompanied by _________, which is characterized by the collapse of muscle groups or the entire body, and a person cannot move during the transition from consciousness to sleep.
sleep paralysis
As we enter _________ sleep, our brain waves slowdown from the alpha rhythm and enter a pattern of theta waves.
stage 1
Wilhelm Wundt and his students founded the school of psychology called _____.
structuralism
Which of the following is contained in the middle ear?
the eardrum
In Pavlov's experiment, he conditioned his dog to salivate when it was shown a circle. Later, the dog salivated when it was shown other closed geometric figures—even squares. Through his experiment Pavlov demonstrated _____.
generalization
In a variable-interval schedule, reinforcement is provided after a _____.
variable amount of time has passed