Intro to Sociology: Ch.13-16(Exam 3)

If you wanted to visit the world's low-income nations, where would you travel? a. Africa and Asia b. Latin America c. Eastern Europe d. North America

a. Africa and Asia

Which type of slavery refers to one person owning another? a. Chattel slavery b. Child slavery c. Debt bondage d. Servile forms of marriage

a. Chattel slavery

According to Immanuel Wallerstein's theory of global capitalism, which nations are at the "core" of the world economy? a. High-income nations b. Middle-income nations c. Low-income nations d. All nations form the "core."

a. High-income nations

Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton documented which of the following patterns in U.S. inner cities? a. Hypersegregation b. The absence of racial segregation c. De jure segregation d. Declining segregation

a. Hypersegregation

Which type of feminism accepts the basic organization of U.S. society, but seeks to give women the same rights and opportunities as men? a. Liberal feminism b. Socialist feminism c. Radical feminism d. Structural-functional feminism

a. Liberal feminism

What effect did industrialization have on life expectancy in the United States and the nations of Western Europe? a. Life expectancy went up b. There was little effect on life expectancy c. Life expectancy went down d. Life expectancy rose for women but fell for men

a. Life expectancy went up

The social theorist identified with modernization theory is _____________ a. Max Weber b. Karl Marx c. George Herbert Mead d. Immanuel Wallerstein

a. Max Weber

Which of the following statements about the living arrangements of the elderly to the United States is correct? a. Most men live with spouses; women are about equally likely to live with a spouse or to live alone b. Most men live in nursing homes or other assisted-living facilities; most women live alone c. Most women live in nursing homes or other assisted-living facilities; most men live alone d. Most men and women live in nursing homes or other assisted-living facilities

a. Most men live with spouses; women are about equally likely to live with a spouse or to live alone

Human beings are all members of ________ a. a single biological species b. various species, depending on color c. various species, depending on cultural background d. various species, depending on where in the world they live

a. a single biological species

Gordon Streib concludes that older people ______________ a. are not a minority as, say, African Americans are b. are more disadvantaged than other minorities c. are an advantaged segment of the population d. have the highest risk of any age category of becoming poor

a. are not a minority as, say, African Americans are

Compared with the "young old," the "old old" as a category of the population in the United States _________ a. contains a larger share of women b. is richer c. has better health d. is almost entirely men

a. contains a larger share of women

Men and women __________ a. differ physically in some limited ways b. are different in that men are physically superior to women c. are different in that women are physically superior to men d. are physically equal

a. differ physically in some limited ways

Since 1960, the poverty rate among the U.S. elderly _________ a. has dropped significantly b. has fluctuated up and down c. has remained stable d. has gone up

a. has dropped significantly

Some critics claim that modernization theory ____________ a. ignores how rich nations prevent the economic development of poor nations b. amounts to an attack on capitalism c. treats rich and poor societies as linked d. amounts to an attack on socialism

a. ignores how rich nations prevent the economic development of poor nations

In today's society, most deaths occur in __________ a. impersonal settings such as hospitals or nursing homes b. the homes of people's children c. a person's own home d. a hospice

a. impersonal settings such as hospitals or nursing homes

Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by ____________ a. making poor nations responsible for their own fate b. supporting capitalism as a path to development c. explaining global inequality in terms of the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries d. claiming that economic development is not a desirable goal

a. making poor nations responsible for their own fate

Taken together, the sociological approaches to global poverty show us that poverty is _________ a. partly an issue of production and partly a political issue b. only a political issue c. only a production issue d. a problem that will resolve itself

a. partly an issue of production and partly a political issue

The chapter argues that gender is not just a matter of difference in behavior, but also of differences in _________ a. power, wealth, and privileges b. power only c. wealth only d. privileges only

a. power, wealth, and priveleges

"Las Colonias" refers to settlements _______________ a. that are often called "America's Third World." b. in poor areas of Mexico, close to the Texas border c. containing Hispanic Americans, almost all of whom are illegal immigrants d. outside of major cities

a. that are often called "America's Third World."

Sexual harassment became a widely recognized issue in the United States in ____________ a. the 1990s b. the 1960s c. the 1890s d. the 1780s

a. the 1990s

The concept of "glass ceiling" refers to _________ a. the barrier that prevents women from reaching the top b. the fact that women's dreams are easily broken c. the fact that cleaning the home is all most women do d. the barrier that keeps women in service work

a. the barrier that prevents women from reaching the top

According to Theodor Adorno's authoritarian personality theory, prejudiced people _________ a. view society as naturally hierarchical b. reject ethnocentrism c. do not view actions as either right or wrong d. reject all conventional cultural values

a. view society as naturally hiearchical

When did feminism begin as a social movement in the United States? a. During the colonial era b. In the 1840s c. In the 1940s d. In the 1980s

b. In the 1840s

Wallerstein pointed to several factors that cause dependency among low-income nations. Which of the following is a faction that Wallerstein did NOT claim to be a cause of dependency? a. Narrow, export-oriented economics b. Lack of integration into the world economy c. Lack of industrial capacity d. Foreign debt

b. Lack of integration into the world economy

In which of the following clusters of states do we find the least racial and ethnic diversity? a. Texas and New Mexico b. Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire c. North Carolina and South Caroline d. Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois

b. Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire

What is the form of social organization in which females dominate males? a. Patriarchy b. Matriarchy c. Monarchy d. Oligarchy

b. Matriarchy

Which of the following categories of Hispanics in the United States is largest in terms of population size? a. Cuban Americans b. Mexican Americans c. Puerto Rican Americans d. Bolivian Americans

b. Mexican Americans

Disengagement theory is guided by which theoretical approach? a. The social-conflict approach b. The structural-functional approach c. The symbolic-interaction approach d. The sociobiological approach

b. The structural-functional approach

Authoritarian personality theory states that extreme prejudice is _________ a. built into culture itself b. a trait of certain individuals with particular personalities c. found among poor and disadvantaged people d. found among most people in all societies

b. a trait of certain individuals with particular personalities

While prejudice is a matter of __________, discrimination is a matter of _________ a. biology; culture b. attitude; action c. choice; social structure d. abnormality; what a society considers normal

b. attitude; action

Opposition to feminism is _________ a. expressed by a majority of people in the United States b. directed mostly at socialist and radical feminism c. just about gone in the United States now d. increasing over time

b. directed mostly at socialist and radical feminism

A family leaves Russia and takes up residence in the United States, where they gradually lose Russian cultural traditions. During so, these people have modified their __________ a. race b. ethnicity c. ancestry d. religion

b. ethnicity

Structural-functional analysis points out that industrialization encourages ___________ a. men to take control of the workplace b. growing gender equality c. women to have more children d. a breakdown of social stability

b. growing gender equality

Sexual harassment is an important social issue because ____________ a. it actually targets men more often than women b. half of working women report receiving unwanted sexual attention c. it almost always involves blatant threats d. it almost always leads to violence

b. half of working women report receiving unwanted sexual attention

The chapter-opening story about the class at New York's Bronx Community College explains that_______ a. race is a simple matter of skin color b. many people have mixed racial and ethnic ancestry c. race is not important to the lives of people in the United States d. college students have little awareness of race

b. many people have mixed racial and ethnic ancestry

The concept of "comparable worth" means that ____________ a. women should hold political offers in proportion to their numbers in the population b. people should be paid according to the level of skill and responsibility involved in the work c. the market system should determine the pay for any job d. all jobs should be rewarded equally

b. people should be paid according to the level of skill and responsibility involved in the work

The main point of disengagement theory is that _________ a. seniors want to be independent like everyone else b. society remains orderly by disengaging aging people from positions of responsibility c. aging people do not require as much care as most people think they do d. seniors want to remain active

b. society remains orderly by disengaging aging people from positions of responsibility

Significant immigration of Asian Americans in the United States was first sparked by __________ a. laws regulating Chinese immigration enacted in 1882 b. the California Gold Rush in 1849 c. the need for labor during the Great Depression in the 1930s d. World War II

b. the California Gold Rush in 1849

Compared to disengagement theory's focus on _________; activity theory has more of a focus on __________ a. staying active; the value of retirement b. the operation of society; the needs of elders themselves c. society as a whole; patterns of inequality d. the negative aspects of aging; the positive aspects of aging

b. the operation of society; the needs of elders themselves

According to Walt Rostow, nations begin at the _________ stage of development and may eventually reach the stage of _____________. a. drive to technological maturity; take-off b. traditional; high mass consumption c. high mass consumption; take-off d. take-off; drive to technological maturity

b. traditional; high mass consumption

Poverty rates among African Americans and Hispanic elders in the United States are _____________ a. about the same as among elderly, non-Hispanic whites b. two to three times higher than among elderly, non-Hispanic whites c. ten times higher than among elderly, non-Hispanic whites d. lower than among elderly, non-Hispanic whites

b. two to three times higher than among elderly, non-Hispanic whites

Andre Gunder Frank states that poor nations ______ a. are responsible for their own poverty b. were "underdeveloped," or made poor, by rich nations c. suffer from traditional culture d. need to gain more productive technology

b. were "underdeveloped," or made poor, by rich nations

The median wealth (net worth) of U.S. seniors is currently about __________ a. $1,800 b. $18,100 c. $180,000 d. $1,800,000

c. $180,000

In middle-income nations, average personal income is in the range of _______ a. $250 and $1,000 b. $1,000 and $3,500 c. $3,500 and $15,000 d $15,000 and $25,000

c. $3,500 and $15,000

Women earn what share of all bachelor's degrees in the United States? a. 38 percent b. 48 percent c. 58 percent d. 68 percent

c. 58 percent

In the United States in 2015, women in the labor force working full time earned ________ to every dollar men earned a. 98 cents b. 90 cents c. 80 cents d. 60 cents

c. 80 cents

Most cases of female genital mutilation occur in _________ a. Latin America b. the United States c. Africa d. Asia

c. Africa

The Matsui family came to the United States from Japan thirty years ago. They now speak English at home and the Matsui children date non-Japanese students at college. This family's story best illustrates which of the following concepts? a. Pluralism b. Segregation c. Assimilation d. Miscegenation

c. Assimilation

For most U.S. seniors, who is the greatest source of social support? a. Staff at nursing homes b. Other, unrelated seniors c. Family members d. Neighbors

c. Family members

Which of the following illustrates the concept of "staged retirement"? a. Alicia carefully plans for retirement beginning when she is in her twenties b. Marco's company requires him to retire at age sixty-five c. Latoya continues working in her old age, but at a reduced level d. Sam finds other activities to fill the time once spent working

c. Latoya continues working in her old age, but at a reduced level

What concept refers to a global economy in which multinational corporations exploit people in low-income nations? a. Colonialism b. Corporate slavery c. Neocolonialism d. International bondage

c. Neocolonialism

Which of the following concepts refers to the physical and social separation of categories of people? a. Pluralism b. Assimilation c. Segregation d. Miscegenation

c. Segregation

The point of describing gender in the Israeli kibbutzim is to show that_______ a. gender is rooted in biology b. women can dominate men c. cultures define gender in different ways d. boys and girls must be raised by biological parents

c. cultures define gender in different ways

If you were to apply modernization theory to the problem of global poverty, you might point that low-income nations__________ a. use-advanced technology b. have low levels of population increase c. have cultural resistance to innovation d. have high mass consumption

c. have cultural resistance to innovation

Japan, Canada, and the nations of Western Europe are all classified as _____________ a. low-income countries b. middle-income countries c. high-income countries d. These countries do not fall into any one category

c. high-income countries

Over the course of the last century, the extent of global economic inequality has __________ a. decreased sharply b. stayed about the same c. increased d. become smaller, but not by much

c. increased

In centuries past, with respect to dying, _________ a. people avoided discussing death b. people refused to accept the reality of their own death c. people were more familiar with death than they are today d. people lived far longer than is typical today

c. people were more familiar with death than they are today

The claim that defining members of some minority as inferior will make them inferior is one application of ________ a. social distance research b. the iron law of oligarchy c. the Thomas theorem d. authoritarian personality theory

c. the Thomas theorem

The share of the elderly population is increasing quickly in _______ a. the world's poorest nations b. all the world's nations c. the world's high-income nations d. the United States, but not elsewhere

c. the world's high-income nations

Research suggests that, by and large, people reaching old age__________ a. become more positive about life b. become more negative about life c. think and feel must the same about life as they did when they were younger d. have high levels of depression

c. think and feel much the same about life as they did when they were younger

About how many people in the world die each year due to hunger? a. 50,000 b. 500,000 c. 1 million d. 5 million

d. 5 million

Approximately what percentage of U.S. women are working for income today? a. 20 percent b. 30 percent c. 40 percent d. 60 percent

d. 60 percent

The wealthiest 20 percent of the global population receives about what percentage of all global income? a. 25 percent b. 37 percent c. 50 percent d. 67 percent

d. 67 percent

Today in the United States, what percentage of people die after reaching the age of fifty-five? a. 33 percent b. 53 percent c. 73 percent d. 93 percent

d. 93 percent

People who are called "WASPs" have ancestors from which country? a. England b. Scotland c. Wales d. All of these are correct

d. All of these are correct

Which category of Asian Americans has an average income above the national average? a. Filipino Americans b. Chinese Americans c. Japanese Americans d. All of these responses are correct

d. All of these responses are correct

Which statement about Arab Americans is true? a. Some Arab Americans are recent immigrants; some are not b. Some Arab Americans speak Arabic; some do not c. Some Arab Americans are Muslims; some are not d. All of these responses are correct

d. All of these responses are correct

With advancing age, older people notice _______ a. loss of height and weight b. less keen sensory abilities, including taste, sight, and hearing c. minor injuries take longer to heal d. All of these responses are correct

d. All of these responses are correct

Why do sociologists consider the "scientific" racial types of Caucasian, Mongoloid, and Negroid to be misleading and even harmful? a. Every society's population contains a lot of genetic mixture b. Various racial categories are genetically very much alike c. The skin color of Caucasian people ranges from very light to very dark d. All of these statements are correct

d. All of these statements are correct

In which of the following job categories are the workers mostly women? a. Physicians b. Corporate managers c. College professors d. Elementary school teachers

d. Elementary school teachers

What is the term for a facility that provides care and comfort for people as they approach death? a. Hospital b. Elder hostel c. Nursing home d. Hospice

d. Hospice

A majority of U.S. women in which of the following categories enter the labor force? a. Married women with no children b. Single women with no children c. Divorced women with no children d. Married, single, and divorced women with children

d. Married, single, and divorced women with children

On average, do women or men live longer? a. On average, men outlive women by about one year b. On average, women outlive men by about one year c. On average, men outlive women by about five years d. On average, women outlive men by about five years

d. On average, women outlive men by about five years

Which of the following concepts refers to a state in which racial and ethnic minorities are distinct, but have more or less equal social standing? a. Genocide b. Segregation c. Assimilation d. Pluralism

d. Pluralism

In the low-income nations of the world, which of the following categories of people is at highest risk of poverty? a. Younger, married women b. Single, older men c. Married, older men d. Single, older women

d. Single, older women

Sociologists define the concept of "race" as _______ a. people who fall into any minority category b. a person's skin color c. a cultural heritage shared by a category of people d. a socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important

d. a socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important

When the first Europeans arrived in the Americans in the fifteenth century, Native Americans _________ a. followed shortly thereafter b. had migrated to North America from Asia a century before c. came with them from Europe d. had inhabited this land for 15,000 years

d. had inhabited this land for 15,000 years

Throughout the life course, gender shapes __________ a. human feelings only b. human thoughts only c. human actions only d. human feelings, thoughts, and actions

d. human feelings, thoughts, and actions

The concept of "old-age dependency ratio" refers to ______________ a. the ratio of children to elderly people b. the ratio of elderly women to elderly men c. the ratio of working-age adults to non-working elderly people d. the ratio of people over age sixty-five to those under forty

d. the ratio of people over age sixty-five to those under forty

One criticism of dependency theory is that is _________ a. lacks a historical focus b. has little to say about the role of rich countries c. blames poor countries for their own poverty d. treats global wealth as a zero-sum so that one country benefits only at the expense of another

d. treats global wealth as a zero-sum so that one country benefits only at the expense of another