Intro to Sociology Final
Modernization theory claims that A) the main causes of poverty involve the operation of multinational coproations B) the main causes of poverty involve traditional culture and lack of advanced technology C) most poor nations were richer in the past D) poor nations can never become rich in todays world
B
Sociologists call the resources our networks provide A) social relationships B) Social captial C) cultural capital D) A and B
B
The Davis- Moore theory implies that the amount of inequality we currently have in the United States in necessary in order to induce the best people to train for and remain in the most important positions A) True B) False
B
The concept "race" refers to A) skin color, when it is other than white B) a socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important C) members of any minority within a multicultural society D) a shared cultural heritage, including language and religion
B
The murder rate A) tells you how many people are murdered in a given year. B) tells you how many people are murdered in a given year, taking into account the size of the population. C) is lower in the U.S. than in most other industrialized countries. D) is a very inaccurate statistic.
B
Social Stratification is a concept that refers to A) specialization in productive work B) The idea that all people are created equal C) Inequality of valued rewards in society and its social aspects D) All of the above are correct
C
Sociology A) concerned with the theory and practice of politics B) the study of humanity C) the study of social facts D) the science of mind and behavior
C
The Finnish experiment with a six-hour work day reduced what type of inequality? A) class B) race C) gender D) ethnic
C
The article on female circumcision pointed out that A) the practice is supported more so in Nigeria than in Senegal B) the practice is supported more so in Senegal than in Nigeria C) not all Nigerian ethnic groups support the practice D) virtually all Nigerian ethnic groups support the practice
C
The article on kindergarten mentioned which founder of sociology? A) Max Weber B) Karl Marx C) Emile Durkheim D) none of the above
C
The lifetime chance of imprisonment of an African American male is about A) 50% B)10% C) 30% D)20%
C
According to William Julius Wilson, what needs to be done to address the problem of the ghetto underclass? A) create more employment opportunities B) reform the welfare system C) de-emphasize affirmative action D) All of the above
D
According to lecture, which group is least likely to receive a B.A.? A) men B) African Americans C) women D) Hispanics
D
According to the Domhoff reading "Power and Class," the power elite dislikes government because A) it might create government jobs for the unemployed. B) it might make health benefits more generous. C) it might help workers organize unions. D) All of the above
D
According to the article you read on drug development, which disease is the leading cause of global suffering A) the Ebola virus B) cholera C) yellow fever D) malaria
D
According to the classs material, what is the main reason African-American incomes continue to lag behind those of whites? A) African-Americans are discriminated against in hiring B) because of historic discrimination, African-Americans continue to find themselves in low paying occupations C) African- Americans are discriminated against in higher education D) A and B
D
According to the flim "Race the Power of an Illusion" A) most genetic variation is within races B) the concept of race is a relatively recent one C) the concept of race has been use to justify social inequalities D) all of the above
D
According to the reading in your text on the uses of globabl poverty, where are companies most likely to locate? A) large countries B) dynamic cities C) wealthy countries D) places with low labor costs
D
According to the reading in your text on the uses of global poverty, who benefits from "brain drain"? A) Engalnd B) India C) the U.S. D) A and C
D
What is NOT mentioned by Huff as a source of misleading statistics? A) extrapolation B) using the mean instead of the median C) omission of relevant information D) excessive number crunching
D
What is the name of Jeannie Oakes idea that children are instructionally divided based on ability? A) clustering B) informational differentiation C) educational reform D) tracking
D
Where was the fertile crescent? A) South America B) Europe C) North America D) the Middle East
D
In the U.S., attendance at religious services has A) been increasing. B) been decreasing. C) not been changing. D) shifted from Christian to other religions.
B
A pluralist approach to the U.S. political system suggests that: A) power is spread widely throughout society. B) many people do not vote because they are alienated from the political system. C) an anti-democratic bias exists in the capitalist economy. D) power is concentrated in the hands of a few.
A
According to lecture, about how many people are starving in sub- Saharan Africa? A) 150 million B) 2 billion C) 200,000 D) 2 million
A
According to lecture, which theoretical perspective views gender as mainly helpful A) structural-functional functionalist) B) conflict C) symbolic interactionist D) feminism
A
According to the article on men as success objects and women as sex objects, men placed more personal ads than women A) True B) False
A
According to the article you read, the focal point of the Nacirema shrine room is a A) box or chest B) pottery plaque C) Small bundle of hog hairs D) collection of potions
A
According to the article you read, there is great dissatisfaction among the Nacirema with A) the typical female breast shape B) the holy-mouth men C) the typical male abdominal muscle tone D) the medicine man
A
According to the video on money in politics, A) as tax rates decrease inequality increases. B) as tax rates decrease inequality decreases. C) there is no correlation between tax rates and inequality. D) as inequality increases political polarization decreases.
A
According to your reading on corporate crime, more people die of this type of crime than are murdered each year in the U.S. A) True B) False
A
Crimes committed by which group causes the greatest dollar amount of loss to victims? A) white collar people B) drug users C) blue collar people D) the mentally ill
A
Dependency theory claims that poor nations A) are expolotied by rich nations B) suffer from tradional culture C) suffer from a "technology gap" D) are responsible for their own poverty
A
Given what you have learned in this part of the course, it is most accurate to say that being a college graduate is A) Both an achieved and ascribed status B) an ascribed status C) an achieved status D) master status
A
In the contemporary United States, there is more downward occupational mobility across the generations than upward occupational mobility A) True B) False
B
In "The Sociological Imagination, C. Wright Mills" states that personal troubles A) are easier to deal with if we understand the social context in whcih they occur and recognize them as social issues that many others face as well B) are exaggerated when people watch a significant amount of television C) are sometimes best handled by telling a person what they want to hear D) are of concern to psychologists, not sociologists
A
In an election with more than two candidates and a winner-takeall, plurality voting system, it is possible that the winning candidate would have lost all one-on-one contests with the losing candidates. A) True B) False
A
In class, the professor discussed some famous research on conformity. Which of the following social scientists was NOT mentioned in connection with conformity? A) Samuel Stouffer B) Philip Zimbardo C) Solomon Asch D) Stanley Milgram
A
In the "Uses of the Underclass in America" Gans shows how A) the label "undeservedness" when attached to poor persons, provides a reason for not trying to solve the problem of poverty B)Poverty has always been a "testing gorund" for personal worth and the will to work hard in order to succeed C) Many cultural innovations come from people who are considered poor in material terms but are rich in terms of creativity D) poverty causes the non-poor to think about social porblems and take steps to help solve these problems through their churches, schools, and community organizations
A
In the article on masculinity, Messner argues that boys use sports as a means to connect with other boys. What is one problem with this, in Messeners view? A) acceptance by other boys is contingent on winning B) Such connections occur among whites but not among African- Americans C) such connections occur among middle-class athletes but not among poor athletes D) sports reward aggression
A
Probably the best synonyms for social facts are A) society and culture B) reason and emotion C) hisotry and biography D) the indivudal and the group
A
Society A) refers to people who interact in a defined terriotroy and share a culture B) carries a particular meaning for people who share a culture C) is a triadic social network D) has to do with ways of thinking and acting
A
Stricter religions tend to grow faster than lenient ones. A) True B) False
A
The basic idea behind labeling theory is that: A) deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do. B) power has much to do with how a society defines deviance. C) deviance is actually useful in a number of ways. D) All of the above
A
The physical differences that may become part of racial categories have their origins in A) Different geographical conditions in which humans live B) the degree of wealth or poverty found in various parts of the world C) the types of technology used by various societies D) social patterns that distinguish some 5,000 human cultures
A
The purpose of Dismas House is to address the _________ of former prisoners. A) alienation B) substance abuse C) lack of education D) lack of job training
A
The ratio of income in high income to low income countries is about A) 70 B) 1,000 C) 2 D) 10
A
Max Weber defined power as: A) the same as government. B) the ability to achieve desired ends, despite resistance. C) the same as bureaucracy. D) simply a reflection of wealth.
B
What job did Barbara Ehrenreich (IN "Nickled and Dimed") plan not to do, but did anyway A) Waitress B) Hotel worker C) Dish washer D) Teachers aide
A
What might a sociologists say about why an individual chooses a particular person to marry A) people who marry tend to be very similar in status B) This shows that peopl'es actions reflect human free will C) there is no accounting for personal feeling like love D) in the case of love, opposites attract
A
What was NOT an outcome of the chain mail experiment? A) the majority of people sent the folders to relatives B) some chains died out by circling around in the starting town C) participants were more liekly to send the oflder to someone of the same sex D) some chains died out just a few hundred feet away from the ending point
A
When Max Weber describes the "spirit of capitalism", he is emphasizing the A) connection between our material abundance and our religious beliefs B) obligation or attitude to seek profits in economic activity C) false ideologies that are used to justify the exploitation of the working class D) responsibiliites of owners and employers toward workers and employees
A
an empirical implication A) is what we expect to see in the real world if our theory is correct B) is an abstract statement that explains why and how certain things take place C) should be evaluated using random assignment D) should be evaluated using survey data
A
Gender refers to A) a persons sexual orientation B) the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female and male C) the degree of inequality between men and women in a society D) the secondary sex characteristics of men and women
B
Guttentag and Secord's theory A) argues that female power decreases when they are in relatively large supply B) argues that female power increases when they are in relatively large supply C) argues that women in Athens had more power than women in Sparta D) applies only to the modern world
B
Max Weber is a A) Scholasticist B) Conflict theorist C) Cultural sociologist D) Functionalist
B
In lecture your professor presented some data on the decline in prejudice in the United states over the course of the past 30 years or so. To measure prejudice, he used A) a survey question ahving to do with whether stranded African American motorists get assistance from passerby B) a survey question on whether racial differences are due to inborn disabilities C) the Bogardus Social Distance Scale D) the number of hate crimes
B
A father may need both to be paternal and civic minded. This shows that A) he has two different statuses B) his status involves two different roles C) father is a master status D) he has a complicated status set
B
A power-elite approach to the U.S. political system has most in common with which theoretical perspective? A) functionalism B) conflict C) symbolic interactionism D) special interest groups
B
According to lecture, A) men and women have the same type of jobs B) women tend to work fewer hours outside the home than men C) men and women in the same occupation earn equal amounts of money D) young men and women earn equal amounts of money
B
According to lecture, the United States has a(n)_____________ rate of voting in comparison to other industrialized countries. A) high B) low C) average D) This issue was not discussed in class.
B
According to the article on family-school relationships, middle-class parents are more involved in their children school than working-class parents because A) middle-class parents value education more than working-class parents B) middle-class parents have more cultural capital than working-class parents C) schools are more welcoming to middle-class parents than working-class parents D) working-class parents are trapped in a culture of poverty
B
According to the article on wealth differences between blacks and whites, blacks and whites with similar incomes have similar amounts of wealth A) True B) False
B
According to the article on wealth differences between blacks and whites, what percentage of lifetime wealth comes from inheritance A) 10 B) 80 C) 30 D) 50
B
According to the article you read from slate magazine which of the following is NOT an important reason for the recent increase in inequality in the United States? A) the decline in unions B) Immigration C) Failures in our education system D) Exectutive compensation
B
According to your professor, the fundamental reason for the decline in gender inequality is A) the changing sex ratio B) economic development C) World War II D) Feminism
B
An interaction in a triad is A) between 2 people B) more stable than a dynad C) less stable than a dyad D) among 6 people
B
Asceticism is A) one of the main religions in India B) a way of life characterized by abstinence C) present more so in Canada than in the U.S D) a Christian denomination
B
Being a college student is a(n) A) ascribed status B) achieved status C) value D) master status
B
Crime rates in the U.S. have been decreasing since the early 1990s. This is clearly a result of putting more people in prison. A) True B) False
B
Currently, about how many people were counted by the government as having incomes below the official poverty line A) 80 Million B) 45 Million C) 5 Million D) 20 Million
B
Differential association theory links deviance to: A) how others respond to a person's behavior. B) the amount of contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage the behavior in question. C) how others respond to the race, class, or gender of some individuals. D) how able a person is to contain deviant impulses.
B
Dismas House seeks to create relationships between people who have been in prison and A) police officers. B) college students. C) civic leaders. D) members of the clergy.
B
For Marx, which part of society was fundamentally the most important A) religious institutions B) economic institutions C) political institutions D) educational institutions
B
When Weber looks at his modern world, he sees A) enormous abundance and undreamed- of leisure that justifies the hard work of our forefathers B) people trapped in a capitalist system but no longer holding the values or beliefs that helped create it C) is a spirit of cooperation and caring that extends around the globe wherever capitalism is adopted D) people turning away from hard work and the belief in capitalism as a valuable economic system
B
Which of the following crime theories has NOT been supported by research? A) differential association B) mental illness C) subculture theory D) structural strain
B
Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a functio of global poverty? A) It provides places to dump dangerous material B) it enables rich countries to spend more on the military C) it helps people in rich countries feel good about themselves D) it supports Western medical advances
B
Which public policy issue did the reading, "Follow the Money" discuss at some length? A) clean water B) clean air C) military spending D) foreign aid
B
Which theoretical perspective would focus on how whites benefit from discrimination aginst members of minority groups A) symbolic interactionist B) conflict C) eugenics D) structural functional (functionalist)
B
Your reading discussed the social forces that make it difficult to combat climate change. WHich of the following was not one of them? A) free-riding B) our master statuses C) concentrations of power D) negative externalities
B
a social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty is called a(n) A) heterogeneous group B) in- group C) cosmopolitan network D) reference group
B
in which type of research is replication most difficult A) experimental research B) participant observation C) the use of existing sources D) survey research
B
According to Judith Lorbers article some societies have A) 5 B) 4 C) 3
C
According to lecture, A) educational reform reduces inequalities in student achievement. B) funding for schools across the country is quite equal. C) students from schools that spend a lot of money on education may be more successful in school and later in life, but this may be a function of their family background rather than what happens in the school. D) credentialism is not important in American society.
C
According to lecture, one reason women have entered the labor force in increasing numbers is the decline of the _____ sector and the expansion fo the _____ sector A) Service; manufacturing B) manufacturing; agricultural C) manufactoring; service D) service; agricultural
C
According to the radio program you listened to A) men are more ocmpetiitve than women B) female and male brains are very different C) testosterone levels can be influenced by the environment D) A and C
C
According to your reading, which group of students appeared to be most heavily targeted by the zero tolerance approach? A) Hispanics B) Asian-Americans C) African-Americans D) all of the above to about the same extent
C
After Social Security and Medicare, the largest expenditure on the part of the federal government is for A) education. B) transportation infrastructure. C) the military. D) aid to poor families.
C
Among all workers, women earn about ________ cents on the dollar compared to men A) 40 B) 100 C) 70 D) 90
C
Because of Social Stratification in the United States A) All people begin life on a level playing field B) Working hard is the only way people become wealthy C) Some people have more privileges and opportunites than others D) what people get out of life is pretty much what they put into it
C
Mills calls the features of a society- how it is organized and how it operates A) an iron cage B) mechanisms of control C) social structure D) sociality
C
Which founder of sociology argued that the main purpose of religion is to promote solidarity? A) Karl Marx B) Max Weber C) Emile Durkheim D) Harriet Martineau
C
Which of the following is NOT true A) Hispanic high-school drop-out rates have been declining B) a higher percentage of hispanics go to community colleges than members of other racial-ethnic groups C) hispanics are more likely to graduate from college than African Americans D) Hispanics are less likely than members of other racial-ethnic groups to have school debt
C
Which of the following sociological terms refers to the violation of cultural norms? A) crime B) unsuccessful socialization C) deviance D) juvenile delinquency
C
in 1953, the United States intervened in Iran to overthrow the government of Prime Minister Mossadegh and install Shah Reza Pahlavi in his stead. This is an example of A) colonialism B) symbolic interactionism at work C) neocolonialism D) the importance of cultural sociology
C
in lecture, your professor discussed a theory that posited a relationship between religiosity and conformity. To measure religiosity, your professor utilized A) the intensity of the respondents religious beliefs B) whether the respondent belonged to a religious congregation C) frequency of attendance at religious services D) how frequently the respondent prayed
C
A person who criticizes the Amish farmer as backward for tilling his fields using horses and a plow instead of a tractor is exhibiting A) cultural integration B) cultural relativism C) cultural diffusion D) ethnocentrism
D
According to the work of Bartels, if we had had only Democratic presidents since WWII inequality in the United States would have A) increased significantly between 1945 and now. B) increased slightly between 1945 and now. C) decreased significantly between 1945 and now. D) stayed about the same between 1945 and now.
D
According to your professor, if your father graduated from college, your chance of doing so as well is about A) 80 % B) 50% C) 20% D) 70%
D
According to your professor, which of the following is true about capital punishment? A) Criminologists generally feel it is not a deterrent to murder. B) Criminologists generally feel it is a deterrent to murder. C) Most American adults support it. D) A and C.
D
Assume some survey research found that children who play video games are more likely than children who do not engage in violent behavior. This means that A) playing video games leads to violent behavior B) playing video games is correlated with violent behavior C) this could be a spurious correlation owing to confounding D) B and C
D
Charles Koch A) is in the computer industry. B) is a libertarian. C) helped fund the Tea Party. D) B and C.
D
Currently, the median household income in the United States is about A) 90,000 B) 10,000 C) 25,000 D) 60,000
D
In Guns, Germs, and Steel, what was Yali's question? A) Why are the people of the Solomon Islands so poor? B) why are the people of the United States so rich? C) why are the people of australia so rich D) Why do you white people have so much cargo?
D
In the U.S., white Democrats are _______ religious than ________ Democrats. A) more; black B) less; black C) less; Hispanic D) less; black and Hispanic
D
Lecture discussed three categories into which all religions of the world can be placed. Which was NOT mentioned? A) Theism B) Animism C) Ethicalism D) Spritualism
D
Max Weber considered an individuals social postion to be A) a matter of social status or prestige B) a matter of power C) a matter of economic class D) all of the above
D
Social and cultural reproduction theories of education stress the importance of A) assimilation. B) acculturation. C) credentialism. D) cultural capital
D
The American political system A) generally employs winner-take-all voting. B) makes it very difficult for third parties to be successful. C) generally employs plurality voting. D) All of the above
D
The United States has the highest levels of inequality and poverty among wealthy countries. Which reasons for this were mentioned in the lecture A) Americans have lower levels of education than people in other wealthy countries B) Labor unions have declined in their signifigance in American society C) The United States has a low road capitalist econemy D) B and C E) All of the above
D
The chart on marathon runners suggest that A) Sex differences in athletic performance may at times be due more to the social construction of gender than to inate biological differences B) women today are much slower runner than men owing to biological differences between the sexes C) the womens movement encouraged women to show their true athletic abilities D) A and C
D
The social-conflict approach to deviance would argue that A) deviance exists only in the eye of the beholder. B) society should ignore victimless crime. C) deviance has both functions and dysfunctions. D) powerless people are at the highest risk of being defined as deviant.
D
Which of the following is true about the U.S.? A) Union membership has declined to about 11 percent. B) Union membership has been holding steady in the public sector. C) Increasingly, management has been engaging in aggressive anti-union campaigns. D) All of the above
D
While prejudice is a matter of _____, discrimination is a matter of _____. A) abnormality; what a society consider normal B) choice; social structure C) biology; culture D) attitudes; action
D
Why were women displaced from their jobs after WWII? A) they were not as skilled at the jobs as men B) the men were given their jobs back C) they were encouraged to take care of their families D) B and C E) All of the above
D
According to the article on how Hispanic immigrants are treated in the United States A) immigrants take jobs that native-born Americans do not want B) immigrants pay more in taxes than they recieve in social services C) immigrants account for billions in consumer spending D) A and B E) all of the above
E
Emile Durkehim A) was a german pioneer of sociology who lived a hundred years ago B) was a conflict theorist C) was a french pioneer of sociolgoy and a functionalsit D) argued that indivduals are constrained by social forces external to them E) C and D
E
Religiosity is correlated with other behaviors. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in lecture? A) Older people are more religious than younger people. B) Religious women have more children than non-religious women. C) Evangelical Christians are more likely to be Republicans than other Americans. D) Women are more religious than men. E) All of these were discussed.
E
Values are ______ while norms are _______ A) specific; general B) general; specific C) universal; not D) ideals; rules E) B and D
E
Which types of discrimination against African Americans are mentioned by Wright and Rogers A) Discrimination in micro-interactions B) Discrimination in credit markets C) Discrimination in housing D) "Driving while black" E) All of the above
E