Introduction to Architecture
what does architecture depend on
things that are already there
parallel walls (spatial organization)
a dominant feature, does not have to be ordinary Beyeler- parallel walls define space, express structure for the room, hold roof up Chapel- parallel walls frame the change from nature to the sacred view, stop your progression into the structure
what social geometry encourages people to come together
a small circular room with limited seating
altar
a table/platform for ritual and sacrifice, exists in similar forms in several different groups, can be symmetrical or asymmetrical
social geometry
"our interaction is architectural," a way of gaining psychological health, an example is a fire, people arrange themselves in particular ways
Describe several ways that architecture can be considered an art of making frames
1) architecture frames how we see the world 2) architecture frames our lives and how we live them (our experiences) 3) can frame our activities and what we do 4) architecture provides a support and structure, frames our spaces/perceptions
4 geometries of being
1) circles of presence 2) line of sight 3) line of passage 4) measuring
difference between position of human body
Tempietto- small place to worship, focal point of the city, stratification because of different levels Memorial- a memorial, large, incorporates the use of the cities' axes, stratification-represents the fallen soldiers, not really a physical stratification
Architecture can be informed by
analyzing other's works, looking at what they have done, and understanding the ways they met challenges
3 ways that buildings speak
anthropomorphically metamorphically quotation
Attributes of an archetypal cottage
asymmetrical, built into the landscape, functional and practical, can evolve over time, scale connected to human size and scale
Why does Unwin discuss the Vitra Fire Station in his discussion of the 6-directions-plus-center?
because it distorts the four cardinal directions, it does not abide by the basic rules of 6-directions plus center
what is the principle feature of merging?
becoming engrossed with the environment and being aware of what is happening in the world, our perceptions of time and space change when we are merging
4 primitive place types
bed, altar, theater, and hearth
attitudes towards ideal geometry
belief that ideal geometry produces beauty and harmony produces perfect form
how to achieve balance
between old and new, between part and whole, of materials, of structure, of use, etc
parallel walls examples
beyeler foundation, Swiss sound box
what can elements serve as
can be a symbol, metaphor, allegory, allusion, serve to make meaning
Five "things that are there" that humans have used to make architecture
cave tree water topography other buildings
examples of order
classical orders, geometric orders, ideal geometry
4 criteria for appraisal or virtues, that help you to enter into guided, effective criticism
coherence elegance balance order
basic elements
conditions in which architecture operates in (the world), the person is always at the center of architecture and its experience
hearth
defines an interior location, has different implications in different cultures, first consideration is where to put it, can divide spaces
space and structure examples
examples- Kimball art museum, greek theaters
occupying the in-between examples
experimental house, zumthor's zinc museum
architecture is-
form of art/sculpture, art of making buildings beautiful, decoration of buildings, introduction of poetic meaning into buildings, ordering of buildings according to an intelligence system, design of buildings, or conceptual organization
architecture as making frames
frames how we approach, navigate, and see the world, frames our activities, define boundaries, provide support and structure examples- table frames the meal, wall frames the room
what architecture must deal with
ground gravity weather materials size of people bodily needs/functions human behavior other architecture and places functional requirements the past (history and tradition) the future (visions of utopia and apocalypse) processes of time
Nine basic elements of architecture
ground path roof platform wall focus marker pit opening
Thermal Baths at Vals
has spatial organization- which ones?
Why does Unwinded consider this as the best possible definition of architecture
he considers it to be the conceptual organization and intellectual structure, about making sense of the world around us and creating a relationship with the landscape, how the mind touches the world
coherence
how the design works together, order within self
parallel walls
how they affect the person in several ways, how light, feeling, etc, order vs. disorder
another word for anthropomorphism
human-like
ideal geometry
ideally proportioned, symmetrical, tries to achieve perfection, unattainable, not quite of this world
inhabited wall
in-between contained within the fabric of the walls
transition, hierarchy, heart examples
kiasma contemporary art museum, street, porch, hearth
Ten modifying elements
light color sound temperature air movement smell (and taste) scale time (effects of) use materials (quality and materials of)
ground
limits a person's free movement, shapes experiences
elegance
making the difficult look easy, effortless
how does geometry of making affect the work of the designer
materials dictate what form they are created in, designer imposes a vision on the material
measuring
measure distances consciously and unconsciously, measure with their body, sense, and movements
wall
mediates between the inside and the outside, support for roof, can bear iconography, can also be a door
occupying the space in-between
mediation between the natural world and the inside world, such as a courtyard
The primitive place types such as hearth, bed, altar, and theater first arose out of human ____
necessity
theater
not as well defined, can take many different forms, almost anything can be a theater, has a complex social relationship
Functions of the basic elements
opening- 1) admits light 2) serves as a focus of the building
lines of sight
people see in straight lines, creating alignments in the landscape, has a magical quality
According to Unwin, architecture is the identification of
place
quotation in a building
quoting past designs, detailing (wood carvings) on a house
Unwin writes, "works of architecture are instruments for managing/manipulating/orchestrating relationships with the world ) with topography, climate, our gods, each other, time...) rather than merely ____ objects
sculptural
4 practices of walking
sighting reading measuring merging
bed
sleep, sex, and sickness, first consideration is to remove the inherent sense of vulnerability, has become a sight of high-design, creates implications for the rest of the objects in the room
what type of geometry did Maya Lin use
social geometry, ideal geometry, geometry of making
lines of passage
sometimes work with lines of sight, a fundamental concept to the human experience, can anticipate passage
2 themes in spatial organization represented by the plan (quizzlet 2)
space and structure and transition, hierarchy, heart
4 possible relationships between structure and order
spatial order is dominant spatial and structural order are in harmony structural order is dominant spatial and structural order are separated, they co-exist, each obeying their own logic
Common definition of architecture
study of buildings and styles of buildings
What does the drawing on the front of Unwin's "Exercises in Architecture" suggest about architecture?
suggests that people are the center of 6-directions plus center. People can define a space and mediate between the world and us
Attributes of an archetypal temple
symmetrical, sticks out from the landscape, more aesthetic based, does not really evolve, larger scale and not human based
Main idea of the book
the art and science of making sense of life through space and built form
what is the geometry of making
the construction of buildings, geometry derived from the ways they are made
stratification
the different levels of buildings, subtle and dramatic orchestration of people's experience of their relationship with the ground about the experience example- library
metaphor in a building
the flamenco dancer in the Guggenheim
6 directions plus center
the person at the center, front back left right above and below, perceive the world through our senses, implications of bodily relationships to architecture
circles of presence
the world can be imagined as an abstract space, exerting a presence, casts a circle of presence out into the world distant- circle of visibility intermediate- circle of place intimate- circle of touch-ability architecture works to assert, define, shape, and control the circles of presence in a particular situation
inhabited wall examples
thermal baths at vals, Salk institute for biological studies, an alcove definition- making spaces within walls, part of the in-between, look inward and outward, creates two mutually interdependent types of architectural space
what does the Greek word analyze mean
to loosen, to break up
7 themes in spatial organization
transition, hierarchy, heart stratification parallel walls inhabited wall refuge and prospect space and structure occupying the in-between
Definition of place
understanding all things in the landscape, creates a relationship, where the mind touches the world
"Elements such as wall and doorways, roofs and markers are the architectural equivalent of ____" (as in parts of speech in language)
verbs
prospect and refuge examples
villa e-1027 by Eileen gray definition- the relationship between a private place and an area of ground on which something is happening