Introduction to Business
Sexual harassment remains a problem, even for companies that have policies against it, because?
Employees know there is a policy, but not what it says Employees do not understand which behaviors are sexual harassment
The role of the mediator in negotiations is to?
Encourage both sides in a dispute to keep negotiating Make suggestions to resolve the matter in dispute
When submission to unwelcome sexual advances is a condition of employment, it is quid pro quo?
sexual harassment
One reason that employers are concerned with the number of women with children in the workforce is because __________________ result in large and decreases in productivity
Absences
Elder care costs employers productivity because of?
Absenteeism
The most widely used drug in the workplace is?
Alcohol
What is the most widely used drug in the workplace?
Alcohol
The Wagner Act of 1935 led to the growth of the Congress of Industrial Unions (CIO) because it?
Allowed unions to strike and picket Prohibited unfair labor practices by employers Established the NLRB to oversee union elections
Organizations that have a better likelihood of healthy employer-employee relations are those that?
Are proactive in solving problems Develop policies and train workers in procedures to implement them Anticipate potential issues
The purpose of a union strike in a labor dispute is to?
Attract public attention to their cause Stop or slow production
Another name for a negotiated labor-management agreement is a?
Labor contract
Maximizing productivity and profits are goals of?
Management
The aging of the workforce and the increasing numbers of people over 65 mean that?
More older workers will be providing elder care
Overseeing union election campaigns and investigating labor practices are duties of the?
National Labor Relations Board
What is the percent of women in the workforce with children under 18?
Nearly 75 percent
In the future, labor unions are likely to focus on?
Pay equity
The law that granted individual states the right to outlaw union shops by passing right-to-work laws is the?
Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
Examples of hostile environment sexual harassment include?
Telling sexually explicit jokes at work after other workers object to them Sending dirty jokes to coworkers using company email after requests not to do so
The nonprofit organization that most likely provides impartial third parties to provide a binding decision in a labor dispute is?
The American Arbitration Association
As a result of the Industrial Revolution?
There were large gains in productivity Workers were expected to be much more productive Technology replaced some workers
A court issues an injunction against strikers because there is just cause to believe?
They endanger the public welfare There will be violence Property will be destroyed
The need to compete globally has shown unions and management that they must cooperate to?
Train and assimilate the newly diverse workforce
The five members of the National Labor Relations Board are appointed by the?
U.S. president
Among the benefits won by organized labor are?
Worker's compensation for disability; child-labor and safety laws; minimum wage laws
Bringing in an important third party to render a "binding decision" in a labor dispute is?
arbitration
The nonprofit American Arbitration Association is the dominant organization providing ________________ for dispute resolution
arbitrators
The __________________ zone is the range of options each party will consider between the initial and final offers in a negotiation
bargaining
The nonprofit American Arbitration Association is the dominant organization supplying third parties to render ___________________ decisions in labor disputes
binding
When public employees who are unable to strike are at an impasse in negotiations, they may engage in sick-outs known as the ______________ flu
blue
Many companies have tried to remedy the persistent problem of sexual harassment through training and developing ___________________ procedures
grievance
Overtime rules and job assignments are frequently sources of employee ________________ against management
grievances
When management temporarily closes a business during a labor dispute to put pressure on workers, they are using the tactic known as a(n)?
lockout
A(n) __________________ is a third party who encourages both parties in a dispute to continue negotiating and makes suggestions for resolving the matter
mediator
The illegal agreement employers used to forbid employees to join unions as a condition of employment is called a(n)?
yellow dog contract
Employees and management have differing perspectives on such labor issues as executive compensation and the need to provide flexible schedules because?
- US managers prefer to maintain the current situation as it exists - there is now a huge difference between the pay of average workers and top executives - management is slow to recognize changing workforce demographics
Labor unions have declined in economic and political power as a result of?
- increased global competition - achieving many of their goals - fewer manufacturing jobs
Critics of organized labor today believe that unions are no longer needed because?
- inhuman conditions no longer exist - the legal system protects workers
Labor unions today are at a crossroads because?
- jobs have shifted from the manufacturing to service factor - workers are more educated - many union members were in heavy manufacturing
Companies can reduce problems related to sexual harassment by?
- responding quickly to complaints of harassment - setting up grievance procedures that are effective - training employees about their sexual harassment policies
Among those who oppose child care benefits for co-workers are?
- single income families - single workers
The old explanations of pay disparity between men and women are no longer valid because?
- women are competing with men in more occupations and knowledge based jobs - fewer women leave the workforce for an extended time
An example of a secondary boycott, illegal under the Taft-Hartley Act, would be to boycott?
A supermarket that carries goods produced by a canning company that is subject to a strike
Criteria the Supreme Court recognizes for hostile environment sexual harassment include?
Behavior offensive to a reasonable person Unwelcome sexual behavior
The goals of labor unions differ from those of management because employers want more profits and labor wants?
Better pay and working conditions
Although __________________ is more often physiological than physical in the workplace, it still causes lost productivity and high turnover from those who are being abused
Bullying
Critics of organized labor maintain that?
Changed management philosophies do not allow sweatshops to develop
In companies with fewer than 100 employees?
Child care programs help them attract and keep qualified employees
A clause in a labor contract that required workers to be members of the union before being hired was known as a(n)?
Closed shop agreement
What is the practice used in Europe of having workers make up as much as 50 percent of a company's board of directors?
Co-determination
The Wagner Act (National Relations Act) provide legal justification for workers to pursue key issues using the process of?
Collective bargaining
The result of a prolonged strike is often?
Continued open hostility between labor and management
An Electrical Workers Union is the type of union known as a(n) ______________________ union
Craft
The process by which workers remove a union's right to represent them is?
Decertification
The trend toward violence in the workplace has been?
Decreasing since the 1990s
The ______________ _____________ _____________ of 1963 requires companies to give equal pay to men and women who do the same job.
Equal Pay Act
Which of the following are part of the Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act)?
Established the National Labor Relations Board to oversee union elections Unions may strike, picket, and boycott employees Employers must bargain in good faith about wages
High levels of executive compensation frustrate employees and the public because?
Executive compensation is no longer tied to profitability
The goal of the Knights of Labor was to?
Gain political power Establish the first national labor union
When employees charge that management is not abiding to the terms of the labor contract, it is called a(n)?
Grievance
The costs of bullying for employees include?
High turnover Lost productivity Legal problems
Workers who use illegal drugs are associated with?
Higher absenteeism rates More workplace violence incidents Higher on-the-job accident rates
According to the Supreme Court, sexual behavior that is unwelcome and offensive to a reasonable person is considered?
Hostile environment sexual harassment
When a supervisor repeatedly rubs the back of a female employee's neck and puts his arm around her, but does not say anything or ask for sexual favors, it is?
Hostile environment sexual harassment
According to the Workplace Bullying Institute which of the following are bullying behaviors?
Humiliating a co-worker by implying they are not able to do a job Intimidating a co-worker by yelling at them often Calling a co-worker an unflattering name frequently in public
The abused substances that create the most lost productivity and safety problems in the workplace include?
Illegal drugs Alcohol
Some of the major goals of labor unions are to?
Improve working conditions for members Provide a unified voice for members Represent its members in negotiations
Activities of the National Labor Relations Board include?
Increasing union election campaigns Investigating labor practices
The membership of an industrial union includes skilled and unskilled workers who all work in a specific?
Industry
A(n) ____________________ is a court order that has been used by management to order strikers back to work or to limit the number of picketers used in a strike
Injunction
When a court issues an order to do or not do a specific activity, it is known as a(n)?
Injunction
Unions negotiate to include a union security clause in contracts because?
It provides funds to support union activities such as negotiations and grievances It encourages workers to join unions as members All workers represented by the union receive the same benefits as paying union members
The union leader who founded the CIO to organize both craftspeople and unskilled workers who were in the same industry was?
John L. Lewis
The first national labor union whose goal was to gain significant political power was the?
Knights of Labor
The transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries created the need for labor unions because?
Labor conditions were abusive and wages were low Management constantly increased demands for more productivity Management could fire workers who complained
Public employees are legally unable to strike. In order to draw attention to an impasse in negotiations?
Large numbers of them may call in sick at the same time
The concept of comparable worth would use which of the following to equalize pay, regardless of whether they are jobs traditionally done by man or women?
Level of education Skills Training
Changes in public opinion have affected labor unions by?
Prohibiting compulsive union membership The passing of laws to curb corruption in unions Influencing passage of laws to curb the power of management
Workers originally formed unions to __________________ themselves from unfair treatment and bad working conditions
Protect
The purpose of a strike is to?
Reduce or stop production during a labor dispute Attract public attention to an impasse in a labor dispute Create a loss of income for the company in a labor dispute
Countries are losing over $35 billion a year due to the need for elder care that causes?
Reduced productivity Increased turnover Absenteeism
The union shop steward's role is to?
Represent employee interests on a daily basis Handle the early stages of a grievance
An employee organization whose main goal is to represent its members in negotiations over job-related issues is a(n)?
Union
The labor agreement by which workers do not have to be members to be hired but must agree to join within a specified period of time is a(n) __________________ shop agreement
Union
Which type of labor agreement shows an employer to hire anyone but requires an employee to join the union to keep the job?
Union shop agreement
The substances that create the greatest safety problems in the workforce are ____________________ and __________________.
alcohol; drugs
When workers carry signs around the location of a labor dispute to draw public attention, it is known as?
Picketing
An industrial union includes which of the following?
Unskilled workers; skilled workers; workers in a specific industry
Sexual harassment can be defined as?
Verbal sexual behavior that creates a hostile environment Unwelcome requests for sexual favors Unwelcome sexual advances
Some companies are trying to prevent workplace ________________ by hiring managers with strong interpersonal skills
Violence
A frequent source of employee grievances is?
Work assignments
A frequent source of employer grievances is?
Work assignments
The process by which a union is recognized by the NLRB as the bargaining agent for a group of employees is known as?
certification
Labor and management reach agreements through the process of?
collective bargaining
The Wager Act (National Labor Relations Act) provided legal justification for workers to pursue key issues using the process of?
collective bargaining
A _________________ was used in a high profile labor dispute between the owners and players of the National Basketball Association when the owners refused to allow play
lockout
The Supreme Court decision in 1938 allowing companies to hire replacement workers has resulted in?
more hostility and violence
A(n) ___________________ boycott encourages union members and the general public not to do business with a company engaged in a labor dispute
primary
Laws allowing labor unions to form and providing for a minimum wage did not exist in?
1900
Which percent most accurately reflects the number of industrial injuries and fatalities related to alcohol abuse?
40 percent
By 2040, the number of Americans over _______________ is expected to increase to 80 million
65
In 1947, the Supreme Court reinforced that both genders are covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1991 when it ruled that sexual harassment included?
Same-sex harassment
Workers who cross picket lines to replace workers on strike during a labor dispute are known as?
Scabs Strikebreakers
The clause included in many union contracts that requires those benefiting from the union to pay dues is a union __________________ clause
Security
The Civil Rights Act of 1997 protects against same-sex?
Sexual harassment
When public employees such as police or firemen, who are not allowed to strike, are frustrated in a labor dispute, they may engage in a(n) ________________ known as the "blue flu"
Sickout
The union tactic used to reduce a company's production and revenue is a(n)?
Strike
Management tactics in a labor dispute may include?
Strikebreakers Lockouts
Although ___________________ is more often physiological than physical in the workplace, it still causes the productivity and high turnover from those who are being abused
bullying
The role of the National Mediation Board in a labor dispute such as that between owners and managers in the National Hockey League is to provide ________________ when they are requested
mediators
