Introduction to Communications and Speech
intercultural
Def: taking place between two or more cultures Usage: Intercultural communication has the potential for increased noise.
conversational turns
Def: taking turns; the give and take within a conversation Usage: During negotiations, it is important to carefully manage conversational turns.
expert power
Def: the ability to influence others because of specific knowledge, experience, or expertise Usage: His background in aviation engineering gave him expert power over other airline executives.
pronunciation
Def: the act or result of producing the sounds of speech Usage: It is a good idea to practice clear pronunciation.
Things you write and post online are permanently removed once you delete them.
F
An effective group member is quiet and reserved, letting other group members take the lead.
False
Asking questions is not an important part of effective listening.
False
Conflict is harmful to a relationship.
False
__________ is an example of a term that is unique to a regional culture in the United States.
Fix'n
Verbal and nonverbal communication can be integrated in order to do all of the following, except:
Formulate
___________ has influenced the study of communication in the 21st century.
Globalization
Which of the following is a reason to study culture?
Globalization is increasing, making it important to understand other cultures.
Which of the following is not an effective listening strategy?
Interrupt to share your thoughts
Which of the following is not a strategy for creating clear presentations?
Motivate your audience
"Hey- I dropped an application off last week and was wondering if anyone had a chance to look over it yet. Get back to me, please." Rewrite this email to reflect netiquette guidelines.
Mr. Smith, I dropped an application off last week and was wondering if anyone had a chance to look over it yet. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, Katherine Spooner
Which of the following is not true about using your local library as a resource while doing research?
Using the library as a resource is a bit more time consuming, because it cannot be done from home.
__________ are very difficult to change.
Values
Are men or women more likely to self-disclose?
Women
Which of the following is an example of stereotyping?
Women are weak
List the reasons women communicate.
Women communicate to: build relationships and develop understanding
"I understand how you feel" is an example of an ________________ response.
empathetic
The prosecutor repeated herself and spoke very loudly and clearly to the jury to help ____________ her point.
emphasize
"Assuming your cultural traits are superior to all others" is _______________.
ethnocentrism
Police officers often use ___________ to get information from their witnesses.
interviewing
Which of the following is an example of indirect perception checking?
observing your mother's actions to see if she is angry
Which type of relationship is depicted in the image above?
online
The way we begin a conversation is called the ____________.
opening
What occurs during the interpretation stage of perception?
our brain tries to assign meaning to our perceptions
______________: a written break-down of what you will write in a clear and logical fashion.
outline
Which of the following words best describes the emotional state depicted in the drawing?
painful
Rewording and restating what the speaker has said is ____________.
paraphrasing
"I was so concerned when I heard about your mother. I felt just awful for you!" is an example of _____________.
people-oriented communication
"To effectively communicate we must realize that we are all different in the way we perceive the world and use this understanding as a guide to our communication with others." -Anthony Robbins According to the quote, each of us ______________.
perceives the world differently
Your spiritual self is ________________.
personal reflection about your thoughts and feelings
"Could you please step back, you are making me uncomfortable." This statement illustrates a person's desire for ______________.
personal space
Your _______________ will have the most significant impact on how much you disclose.
personality
All great speakers must perfect the art of _______________.
persuasion
Which of the following statements is an example of verbal abuse?
"You're ugly."
Language is interpreted exactly the same way by every person.
F
Verbal and nonverbal communication can be integrated in order to do all of the following, except:
. "Turn off" nonverbal communication
Describe a situation in which a person has legitimate power?
A good way to think about this is when someone is elected to be the leader of a group, that person has legitimate power.
What is active listening?
A listening process in which the listener focuses on the speakers needs and actively works to understand the speakers message.
List 3 ways perceptions can influence communication.
Any three of the following: Perceptions help us to decide on a channel Perceptions help us to choose a message Perceptions are shared through communication Perceptions can be created through communication
critique
Def: a review of someone's work; with comments on its good and bad qualities Usage: When offering a critique, it is best to be as objective and fair as possible.
illustrators
Def: body language used to accent or contradict a speaker's message Usage: The speaker used frequent nods, gestures, and other illustrators to accentuate her passionate speech.
kinesis
Def: body movements and gestures, which can send a variety of messages, both intentional and unintentional Usage: Studying the kinesis of primates can tell us a lot about how they communicate with one another.
concrete
Def: can be experienced by the senses Usage: The DNA found on the weapon provided concrete evidence that the man had committed the crime.
personal space
Def: the area surrounding each person, or that region which a person considers their territory or domain Usage: Standing so close, she felt that he invaded her personal space.
introduction
Def: the beginning section that summarizes the contents of the speech Usage: The purpose of your introduction is to get your audience's attention and establish rapport.
critisism
Def: the process of evaluating something and rendering a judgement Usage: We must be careful to avoid harsh criticism, as we don't always have all the facts.
perception
Def: the process of taking in information using our senses Usage: Perception is a vital part of communication.
The picture above is an example of a _____________ message.
Grapevine
Which of the following is a back-channel cue?
Huh?
Why is it important to focus on others' needs when communicating online?
It is important to consider others needs so that your online communication is not harmful to others and to your relationships.
Why should you avoid typing in all capital letters?
It is interpreted as yelling.
_____________ help to alert our listeners to important or interesting information.
Pauses
Analyze the speaker in the image above. Choose the statement that best describes her.
Sandra's posture signals to the audience that she is unsure of herself.
What is 'self-actualization'? Write a brief statement a speaker could use to appeal to a person's desire for self-actualization.
Self-actualization is the desire to be the 'best you can be'. Student examples will vary.
Which of the following is a possible benefit of self-disclosure?
Self-disclosure allows others to provide you with support.
List 3 speech topics addressing questions of fact.
Student answers will vary.
Analyze the speaker in the image above. Choose the statement that best describes how the audience would react to her use of eye contact.
The audience would feel unable to give non-verbal feedback.
A family can include people connected by marriage or connected by choice.
True
Tolerating ambiguity means ______________.
accepting more uncertainty than usual
concrete
can be experienced by the senses
"The leader of our research team has studied this issue for 10 years. She earned a PhD from Harvard University and has, since then, been a world leader in her field" This statement reflects ________________ power.
expert
The skills you have learned in your Public Speaking course help you to feel more confident and you finally muster the courage to start up a conversation with someone you've been admiring from afar. This is an example of how public speaking can help improve your _______________.
intrapersonal skills
Shannon will be giving a presentation on the poetry of Robert Frost, which will include reciting several poems while displaying images in the background. Which of the following methods will likely help her most in overcoming her feelings of apprehension?
practicing frequently & visualizing the outcome
The five Principles of Effective Informative Speeches explain how important __________ and ____________ are to a successful Informative Speech.
simplicity, relevance
Focusing on __________ can damage your perceptual accuracy.
stereotypes
Which of the following is not an example of enculturation?
A boy learning a second language in school.
_________________ is the process of gathering information using your senses.
Observation
Which of the following is an example of a feedback message?
advice from a guidance counselor
Which of the following are nonverbal messages?
all of the above
A stereotype is ______________.
an assumption about a whole group based on the actions of just a few.
One of the benefits of studying communication is that it helps people become effective leaders.
True
Which of these is not one of the five principles of communication?
Use sarcasm and verbal cues to improve messages
__________ messages can be written and/or spoken.
Verbal
What are the different ways one can adjust their communication in order to decrease noise?
choosing to use different and more accessible language to confront a language barrier, making sure to use additional means, avoiding other distractions etc...
Environmental
where you are physically
Which of the following scenarios reflects misinformation?
Kristen broke up with her boyfriend after hearing a rumor that he had kissed her best friend.
____________: a formal message from people on the same hierarchy level.
Lateral
Which area of active listening does the boy in this image need to work on?
Listening ethically
Avoiding offensive listening; listening objectively; weighing the pros and cons; examining the data; and listening without emotional involvement are all examples of which area of active listening?
Listening with empathy
What communication difference (or differences) led to the misunderstanding between Lucy and Peter?
Lucy and Peter's conversation reflects the emphasis women place on emotions and the emphasis men place on problem solving. Lucy expected Peter to understand her emotions while Peter offered a solution to the problem
What adjustments can Lucy and Peter each make to their communication, in order to avoid misunderstandings like this in the future?
Lucy can express that she simply wants Peter to listen and offer support, without trying to solve the problem. Peter can try to refrain from offering advice and simply express his empathy for Lucy's feelings.
Scenario: Sheree visits her mother in her retirement home. They catch up on each other's lives, and soon enough they get into an argument about Sheree and her unwillingness to have children. The argument always escalates at this point but this time Sheree takes a moment to reflect on the reason behind her mother's persistence in having a grandchild. Sheree remembers that out of all her siblings, she is the only one who is married and perhaps this is why her mother is anxious. She comes to a decision that she will hear out her mother's side of this argument and to keep in mind that her mother just wants what is best for her. In this scenario, which method for avoiding biased language is used?
Making an effort to understand others.
When concluding his speech, Martin says, "And so, I want to encourage each of you to donate the $500 it will take to build a well. If we each donate $500, we will be able to build dozens of wells!" What is the problem with Martin's request? What would be a more appropriate conclusion?
Martin is asking for too large an action. Few people would be willing to donate such a large sum of money, based on a single speech. Martin can adjust his request; perhaps asking for a smaller donation or for members of the audience to do more research on the topic before making a decision to donate.
List the reasons men communicate.
Men communicate in order to: share information and accomplish a task.
Which of the following is not included in the Johari Window?
Mysterious Self
________________ should be used when you want to illustrate a point and connect to the audience, and can be explanatory, exemplary, or persuasive. Be sure they are short and few, in logical and chronological order, and that you always draw clear connections to your topic.
Narrations
___________ is an interference in the channel of communication.
Noise
Which of the following is not a benefit of communication?
None of the above.
Facial expressions and gestures are examples of _____________ messages.
Nonverbal
Which of the following statements is not true?
Nonverbal communication can be turned off.
Which of the following statements is not true?
Nonverbal communication is linguistic.
Which of the following statements is not true?
Nonverbal communication is not governed by rules.
Why would you use a model, instead of the actual object?
Often it is not possible to use the actual object; the actual object may be too large or impossible to use for some other reason. Models are much more versatile and accessible.
How can a person avoid polarization?
One can avoid polarization by using positive language in order to reach a compromise. You should also try to avoid using absolutes in your language.
Jordan has just stepped up to the podium and is about to begin her speech. What is the most effective way for her to begin?
Open with an attention getting question, story, or anecdote, then quote her thesis statement.
Write a thesis statement for the topic "High School Graduate Exams." Identify whether your speech will address a question of fact, value or policy.
Student thesis statements will vary. The student should identify which type of speech their thesis statement reflects. Sample thesis statements may include: High School graduation exams create unnecessary anxiety for students (value) High school graduation exams should be required for all students (policy) High school graduation exams do not measurably increase academic performance (fact)
Describe your attitude towards school. Do you have a positive or negative attitude? Why?
Students answers will vary, but should include an explanation of why he/she has a positive or negative attitude towards school.
List 3 examples of speech topics that would benefit from an emotional appeal focused on physical needs.
Students answers will vary. Examples include: feeding the hungry, providing shelter for the homeless etc...answers should relate to people's physical needs.
Jane was sent by her Chicago-based company to a business convention in Tokyo, Japan. While at lunch, she and several other Americans in attendance sat together at lunch. As they laughed and enjoyed themselves, Jane noticed that many people glanced at them uncomfortably and whispered to each other. When Jane asked the young waitress what was wrong, the girl avoided eye contact with her, shook her head without saying a word, and quickly walked back to the kitchen. Based on what you know about nonverbal communication, give at least three explanations for the misunderstandings between the people in this scenario.
Answers will vary, but should explain how the nonverbal communication in this scenario caused misunderstandings. Example answers include: - The rules governing nonverbal communication in Japan are very different than those in the U.S. - Nonverbal communication is ambiguous, and there are several people in this scenario who are all interpreting messages that seem foreign to them. - The multiple channels involved and the many ways in which verbal and nonverbal communication integrate make this situation complicated.
What are the benefits of studying and understanding other cultures?
Studying other cultures will prepare you to interact in a global society, it can help you avoid culture shock and will make you a better communicator over-all.
All of the following are characteristics of an effective group member, except:
Subjectively evaluates options
Write a summary of the communication differences between men and women.
Summaries should include an explanation of the differences in why, how and what men and women communicate
What is the difference between supportive and defensive communication?
Supportive communication focuses on resolving conflict through cooperation. Defensive communication, on the other hand, is about focusing on the conflict itself rather than solving it.
Define and give an example of territoriality.
Territoriality is attachment to or protection of territory. Examples may vary but can include: putting a lock on a door, setting an object on a chair to reserve it, making statements about territory ("That's my chair!").
______________ lend expert support to your arguments and provide additional witnesses to give credibility to your speech.
Testimonies
How can our perceptions help us to choose the channel for our message?
Perceptions about our receiver can help us to decide on the most appropriate channel.
How can physical environment affect behavior? Give at least 2 examples to support your response.
Physical environment can influence how we communicate and what we communicate. We are more likely to communicate in comfortable environments. In unfamiliar physical environments we may behave differently than in places we are familiar with and comfortable. Examples will vary.
______________ is not only unethical, it is also illegal.
Plagiarism
What is polarization?
Polarization stems from negative language. It is when both people or groups take the most extreme opinion of a matter and begin to use absolutes in their language.
What is referent power?
Power that is based on admiration or respect for the leader; this admiration and respect leads to the group allowing the person to lead.
Which of the following is not a good tip for creating clear presentations?
Present as much information as possible for efficiency.
How can presentation aids reduce apprehension?
Presentation aids can help guide the speaker, reducing the chance of getting "lost" in the content. Having a presentation aid to focus on can also help the speaker focus on the presentation, rather than on feelings of anxiety.
Describe 3 aspects of your Open Self.
Primitive creature which is keen on personal survival, comfort and advantage. Only cares about yourself. Social creature which wants to fit in and enjoys tending to people. Easily accommodates to other people unless angry sad or hurt. Reasonable creature which tries to anticipate the future while looking for knowledge, justice and meaning of things. Operates with logic but has little influence on anything other aspect
Which principles of effective communication would be especially important when you are communicating with someone whose primary language is different than your own? Why?
Principles 3,4, and 5 would be especially important. If you and your communication partner do not speak the same language, nonverbal messages would be very important. It would also be vital to carefully listen and respond appropriately and finally, you would certainly want to adapt your message (use simple terms, short sentences etc...) so that it could easily be understood by someone who speaks a different language than you do.
The title of Michelle's speech is: Our Privacy on the Internet Should Be More Protected. Which of the following would be the best thesis statement for her speech?
Privacy on the Internet should be more protected with a stricter ban and harsher penalties for identity theft, because each person has the fundamental right to have absolute control over his or her personal information.
Five ways in which communication is contextual
Psychological Relational Situational Environmental Cultural
Which type of communication is unique because there is a distance between the speaker and the audience?
Public Speaking
Why is the question, "Is the death penalty a moral punishment for crimes?" considered a question of value?
Questions of value address issues of right or wrong. The question, "Is the death penalty a moral punishment for crimes" could be reworded to say, "Is the death penalty right or wrong" which reflects the underlying question of value.
Which of the following best illustrates how public speaking can help you improve your social skills?
Rather than get into a heated argument with your parents, you are able to calmly and rationally explain to them why you feel your curfew should be more flexible.
___________ and __________ are important steps in the listening process.
Recall and attending
Which of the following statements is true?
Repetition can help the audience remember what you have said.
Compare and contrast reward power with coercive power.
Reward power comes when a person has the ability to offer desired rewards, while coercive power occurs when someone has the ability to remove or withhold desired rewards or recognition.
Why is self-disclosure important in communication?
Self-disclosure builds positive, trusting relationships and encourages reciprocal disclosure.
How can self-disclosure impact (both positively and negatively) your life at work or school?
Self-disclosure could negatively put you in positions where people are gossiping about you. Self-disclosure could positively put in a position where people are friendly to you and want to learn more about you.
Which of the following is a danger of self-disclosure?
Self-disclosure may lead to negative perceptions of us.
______________ is essential for developing healthy self-esteem.
Setting realistic goals and expectations
Every night Marnie's family makes it a point to linger after their dinner and talk about their respective days. Which type of communication is being employed in this scenario?
Small group
Which form of human communication is depicted in the image above?
Small group Communication
Which of the following is the best example of a vivid description?
Snails raced past them and the trees seemed to age as they pounded the pavement with one heavy foot after another.
How can the "same" language be different?
Some languages are spoken in many different communities. This means that each community will develop it's own rules and even words. An example is British English and American English; although the languages are basically the "same" because they are spoken in different communities, the two languages have developed some unique characteristics.
How does self-esteem affect one's ability to communicate?
Someone who has a high self-esteem is more likely to choose to communicate, and communicate effectively, than someone who has a low self-esteem. Someone with a low self-esteem is more likely to minimize or avoid communication.
Which of the following directions about how to develop an effective thesis statement is false?
State several central ideas in your thesis statement.
__________________ add concrete data to support your arguments, lend credibility to your speech, and help show the significance of the points you are trying to make.
Statistics
__________________ are numerical data; facts and figures used to analyze problems.
Statistics
Which of the following statements is accurate?
Stereotypes can keep us from creating accurate perceptions.
List and define the five essentials of conversation. In your opinion which essential is the most important for creating a successful conversation? Explain your opinion.
Student answers should include the following but exact wording may vary. 1. Opening - way to start a conversation 2. Feedforward - the conversation topic and timeline are introduced 3. Business - the heart/purpose of the conversation 4. Feedback - understanding is communicated 5. Closing - the way the conversation is finished Opinions of the most important stage will vary, but should include a well-thought out explanation.
Write a simile, a metaphor and an example of alliteration that could be used during a speech or presentation.
Student answers will vary but should include 1 simile, 1 metaphor and 1 example of alliteration.
"I know how excited you were to be offered the new job. It's too bad the hours aren't what you were expecting. Talking to your new boss about your hours before you accept seems like a good idea." What makes this an effective response? Is there anything you would change or add?
Student answers will vary but should reflect the principles of effective responses (brief, timely, empathetic etc..)
Write a brief description of your 'perfect' day, using strong, active verbs.
Student answers will vary, but should avoid passive verbs (will be, to be, was, etc...)
Think about the last speech you gave. Was your speech clear and interesting? If it was, list at least 3 or 4 specific things you did to make the speech clear and interesting. If it wasn't, list at least 3 or 4 specific suggestions of what you could have done to improve and make your presentation even more clear and interesting.
Answers will vary, but should include 3 or 4 specific things this student did to make his speech clear and interesting, or at least 3 or 4 specific suggestions of what this student could do to improve and make his presentation even more clear and interesting. Examples include: - He motivated the audience by using information from their day to day lives and controlled the flow of information by following an organized outline. - He could improve by using presentation aids and more humorous stories about job interviews.
Review the speech outline. Evaluate the speaker's introduction, transitions, and conclusion. How are they effective? How could you change them to make them more effective?
Answers will vary, but should include a clear evaluation of the speech introduction, transitions, and conclusion. Students should explain how they are effective and/or give suggestions.
Your friend is terrified of public speaking. Write a brief letter advising him of at least four or five different specific things he can do in the preparation stage and just prior to his presentation to manage and overcome his fear of public speaking.
Answers will vary, but should include advice such as: - Prepare carefully, organize your thoughts, become an expert on your topic - Practice frequently - Breathe deeply, do warm-up exercises - Visualize the outcome, imagine a flawless performance and audience reception - Think positively, talk yourself into a perfect performance - Prepare some visual aids.
You have been asked to speak to the school board and the entire administrative and teaching staff at your school about your experience as a student and what improvements you feel could be made at your school. Please list the specific steps that you will take to learn about and adapt your speech to your audience.
Answers will vary, but should include specific steps to learn about the audience and to adapt the speech, such as: - Observe - Make inferences - Collect data - Ask questions before presenting - Survey - Analyze diversity - Preparation adaptations - Ask "what if" questions - Presentational adaptations - Focus on audience feedback
Your teacher has asked you and your group to solve the problem of tardiness in your class. What steps will you and your group will take to solve this problem?
Answers will vary, but should include things like: - Analyze the problem - Generate creative solutions - Select the best solution - Take action
You have been given an assignment to speak to your local town council. The title of your speech is "Breastfeeding in public: A right that ought to be protected." What types of sources would you start with to get an overview of this topic? What other research might be needed? What information might you include in your speech?
Answers will vary, but should include types of primary and secondary sources, for example: Possible secondary sources for general overview: Encyclopedia or online wiki Breastfeeding websites Library book on breastfeeding Possible primary sources: Personal interview Local government websites (civil codes) .org or other official websites of national or local breastfeeding organizations
Describe a situation in which you may experience bypass.
Answers will vary, but should indicate an understanding that bypass occurs when people assign different meanings to words
Write a thesis statement for each type of persuasive speech, using the topic "The Right to Privacy" or a topic of your choosing.
Student answers will vary, but should include 3 thesis statements; one for each type of persuasive speech. Examples could include: The needs of the government are more important than a individuals need for privacy (value) The right to privacy should be protected by stricter laws (policy) The right to privacy is the most controversial right given to citizens (fact)
What is your listening style? Provide an example to support your assessment of your listening style.
Student answers will vary. Examples could include things such as "I prefer to listen for detailed information" or "I like discussing my friends thoughts and feelings".
Look carefully at this photograph. What nonverbal messages are the people in this photograph conveying? Use at least 5 or 6 specific examples to discuss the messages conveyed by their appearance, their posture and gestures, as well as their eye contact and facial expressions.
Answers will vary, but should list at least 5 specific examples of messages the people in this photograph are conveying and how they are conveying them. Examples might include the following: - Their loose and comfortable clothing conveys that they are casual. - Their facial expressions make them appear happy. - Their eye contact displays confidence.
View the image above and observe the nonverbal communication of both speakers. What messages are these speakers conveying? Use at least 5 specific examples to discuss the messages conveyed by their appearance; their posture, gestures and movement; as well as their eye contact and facial expressions.
Answers will vary, but should list at least 5 specific examples of messages the speakers in this image are conveying and how they are conveying them. Examples might include the following: Speaker 1's posture and gestures show he is excited and animated about what he is talking about. His eye contact is direct and his facial expressions express his excitement. However, he could be a bit too excited or aggressively over-animated. Speaker 2's posture shows he does not want to be close to Speaker 1. Both his facial expressions and his hands fisted show his is tense or uncomfortable. It is clear he doesn't want to be in this conversation.
You are the group leader and your group is trying to come up with solutions to the problem your teacher has assigned. You have given a couple of suggestions, but no one else in your group is offering any ideas. Describe two or three things you could do to solve this problem.
Answers will vary, but should offer a couple different solutions. For example: organize a brainstorming activity, or try looking at the problem from a different angle.
Read the speech, "Should Children Be Allowed to Own and Use Cell phones?" Give three or four examples of supporting materials that this student could use to improve the effectiveness of his speech and explain how and when they could be used.
Answers will vary, but should provide at least 3 examples of supporting materials with explanations of how they could be used in the speech. For example: This student could begin his speech with a narrative in order to engage the audience in the introduction. Statistics and testimony from experts could give credibility to his arguments.
Write a brief dialogue that reflects how women generally prefer to communicate.
Answers will vary, but should reflect the principles of: nonverbal messages and value feelings.
Read this speech. Create an outline for the speech using the model below. Title: What would you call this speech Introduction - what is the attention grabber? I. Main point 1- A. Subpoint 1 a. detail b. detail c. detail II. Main point 2 - A. Subpoint 1 a. detail b. detail c. detail III. Main point 3 - A. Subpoint 1 a. detail b. detail c. detail Conclusion -
Answers will vary, but students should create an outline that resembles the one in the question. Title: What would you call this speech Introduction - what is the attention grabber? I. Main point 1- A. Subpoint 1 a. detail b. detail c. detail II. Main point 2 - A. Subpoint 1 a. detail b. detail c. detail III. Main point 3 - A. Subpoint 1 a. detail b. detail c. detail Conclusion -
Are you a good friend? Give an example of one your friendships in order to illustrate your answer. Discuss how you could improve your friend relationships. In other words, how could you become a better friend?
Answers will vary, but students should include a friend relationship as an example and answer either yes or no to being a good friend. Ways to improve friend relationships can include any of the following: know myself and what I like, pursue my interests, make the effort to seek out friendships, be open, be a better listener, build my communication skills, don't share my friend's personal details, adapt to changes my friends make, encourage my friends interests, talk about how I feel about relationship and what I want from the relationship.
Write a brief dialogue that demonstrates the principle of being 'other' oriented.
Answers will vary.
Describe a conflict you had recently with someone. Explain which style of conflict management you both used during the conflict. If it ended well, explain the steps of effective cooperative conflict management that helped create a positive outcome. If it ended badly, explain what steps of effective cooperative conflict management might have helped.
Answers will vary. A conflict should be described and two conflict management styles named. Options: non-confrontational, confrontational, or cooperative. Some steps should be listed. Steps of effective cooperative conflict management that could be mentioned: manage emotions, manage information, manage goals (where do goals overlap), focus on the problem, compromise, manage the problem and solutions.
Explain the characteristics of an effective group member. What are your strengths and weaknesses when you work in a group?
Answers will vary. Characteristics listed should include... • Identify clear goals • Develop an action-orientated structure• Gather and use information effectively • Develop a variety of viable options • Objectively evaluate the options • Treat others kindly
Define persuasion. What would you like to persuade your parents to do or think? Explain which of the three goals of persuasive speech you would need to accomplish to achieve this.
Answers will vary. Persuasion: - The act of convincing or influencing someone to act or think in a particular way. Answers will vary regarding what students would like to persuade their parent to do or think. An action or some change to beliefs, attitudes, values should be discussed. One of the three goals should be listed.
Analyze the two speakers in the images above. Describe each speaker's use of eye contact, facial expressions, posture, movements and gestures. Discuss which speaker you think is more effective and why.
Answers will vary. Speaker I: student might discuss pleasant facial expressions, strong eye-contact, confident posture, gesture for emphasis, etc. Speaker II: student might discuss negative facial expression, tense gripping of podium, posture is straight but seems tense, etc. Students should choose one speaker and explain why that speaker is more effective using terminology like eye contact, facial expressions, posture, movements and gestures.
Your teacher has assigned you to give a description speech. Choose a topic for your description speech. Discuss what you need to develop your speech.
Answers will vary. Student should list a topic that could be described in detail focusing on the senses. Things to develop should include: spatial or topical org, sensory terms, presentation aids, answer the journalistic ?'s.
Your teacher has assigned you to give a definition speech. Choose a topic for your definition speech. Discuss what you need to develop your speech.
Answers will vary. Student should list a topic that defines something or the importance of something. Things to develop should include: a variety of definitions, variety of credible sources, organize from the familiar to the unfamiliar.
Your teacher has assigned you to give a demonstration speech. Choose a topic for your demonstration speech. Discuss what you need to develop your speech.
Answers will vary. Student should list a topic that explains how to do something. Things to develop should include: a temporal organization, an overview, and presentation aides/handouts.
Explain the differences between interpersonal and impersonal communication. Give an example of both types of communication in your explanation.
Student answers will vary. Explanations should include the idea that interpersonal communication is a sharing of personal information (including thoughts, ideas, hopes, biographical information, etc.) in the hopes of building a relationship between people and that impersonal communication has a lack of sharing personal information typically happening between two people who are focused on getting something done. Examples of interpersonal might include: communication between friends, family, new acquaintances Examples of impersonal might include: customer/employee interaction, business transactions,etc
A co-worker has come to you, asking advice about how to approach the supervisor about a raise. How can you respond, utilizing the principles of effective responses?
Student responses will vary, but must reflect the principles of effective responses
Your Biology teacher assigns you DNA as your Informative Speech topic. Which type of informative speech would you choose to deliver information about DNA? Explain why you would choose this type of speech. Which type of organization style would you use for your speech and why?
Answers will vary. Students can choose descriptive, definition, or demonstration as their type of speech as long as they explain why. Descriptive - want to explain DNA Definition - want to explain the meaning or significance of DNA Demonstration - want to show how DNA is made or created Types of organization: If they chose descriptive - spatial (describe topic from top to bottom, etc) or chronological/sequential (explain process of how DNA was discovered) If they chose definition - spatial (define parts from top to bottom) or topical (give equal time to all parts) If they chose demonstration - chronological/sequential (step by step how DNA is formed/created)
Write a brief dialogue that reflects the principles of paraphrasing, being 'other' focused and validating emotions.
Student responses will vary, but must show paraphrasing, 'other' focus and validating emotions.
Evaluate your own effectiveness as a speaker. What do you do well and what do you need to improve on? Cover both your vocal delivery (volume, rate, articulation, pronunciation, and pauses) and your physical presentation (eye contact, posture, facial expressions, gestures, and use of movement).
Answers will vary. Students should include an evaluation of their speaking skills using terminology from the lesson. volume, rate, articulation, pronunciation, and pauses eye contact, posture, facial expressions, gestures, and use of movement
You are going to present a speech on the effects of global warming. You are struggling with how to begin your speech. List three introduction options. For each one, brainstorm an idea of what you could use. Example: Anecdote introduction - Share a story about a survivor of Hurricane Katrina.
Answers will vary. Students should list 3 introduction options which can include: statistics, anecdote, questions, images, humor, quotations Students should include an idea to go with each one of the three options. Example: Anecdote introduction - Share a story about a survivor of Hurricane Katrina.
Your World History teacher assigns you the causes of World War I as your Informative Speech topic. This is a pretty complicated topic. Explain how you will utilize each of the 5 Principles of Effective Informative Speeches so that your speech will be successful.
Answers will vary. Students should list 5 principles and explain each. Limit amount of info adjust level of complexity emphasize relevance and usefulness connect new info to old make abstract concepts more concrete
Explain the three goals of persuasive speaking. Which goal is the hardest to achieve and why?
Answers will vary. Students should list: 1. Strengthen/weaken attitudes, beliefs, values 2. Change attitudes, beliefs, values 3. To motivate to action The hardest to achieve is to #2 - Change attitudes, beliefs, values. It is hard to convince someone to change anything.
You are assigned to present a speech about a sports topic. You decide to narrow your topic to one of the following choices. Choice 1: The dangers of high school sports Choice 2: Discrimination against female athletes Choose one, then decide on a purpose for your speech (what is it you want your speech to accomplish). Brainstorm 7 questions you could ask about your topic. Then narrow your questions to 3 main points. Finally decide what organizational style you will use and explain why you chose that style. Your answer must include: speech purpose, 7 questions, 3 main topics, organizational style choice with explanation.
Answers will vary. Students state which choice they have picked, 7 questions about their topic, 3 main points, and which organizational style they will use and why. Organizational styles can include topical, chronological, spatial, problem-solution, cause-effect, or motivated sequence.
_______________ are accessories we wear, such as: jewelry, makeup, piercings, etc.; or other ways in which we alter our appearance in order to make a statement, such as: hairstyle, tattoos, etc.
Artifacts
Which of the following is an example of a stereotype?
Asian people are smart.
Which of the following is an example of how to overcome intercultural communication barriers?
Ask thoughtful questions
Scenario: Laura is offended by an offensive joke Jasmine told at their company party. Jasmine is surprised when she hears this and immediately works to repair her relationship with Laura. Jasmine asks for advice on how to avoid this in the future. In this scenario, which method for avoiding biased language is used?
Asking for feedback.
_______________ communication is confident, self-assured, positive communication.
Assertive
Which of the following situations could lead to a cultural misunderstanding?
At an international conference, a businessman shakes everyone's hands.
Imagine that you have been asked to speak at a pep rally for your high school's football team on the day of a big game. You will be in front of the entire student body and will be tasked with celebrating the team's past wins and the skills of the coach and players in a 5 - 10 minute presentation. List at least 4 of the characteristics of public speaking (ie. message, channel, noise, audience, context, and delivery) that you should be most concerned with in preparing for this speech and explain why.
Answers should include 4 characteristics with explanations, for example: 1. Noise - With such a large crowd and with the nature of the event (pep rally) there is the potential for a lot of noise interference from the crowd (shouting, cheering, noisy bleachers, etc.). 2. Delivery - The style of the presentation should be upbeat and exciting (it would not be a good idea to bore students at a pep rally). 3. Channel - Audio equipment will be necessary to be heard, visual aids (images of the team, the coach, etc., trophies, video clips from past games, etc.) would be very helpful, music or other audio clips, gestures and body language must be animated, etc. 4. Context - I should give careful thought to which moments from the team's past are most important to include, what contributions by the coach are most worthy of celebration, what is the purpose of this presentation, etc. 5. Audience - I should consider what the expectations of my peers are, as well as the teachers, the administrators, the football team, etc. 6. Message - I will need to carefully plan the words I will use, the visual aids and/or gestures I will use, the music and/or audio clips I will play, etc.
Describe a situation in which a person's voice would communicate emotion.
Answers will vary but can include: quiet voice to communicate sadness; loud or high pitched voice to communicate excitement etc...
What steps can you take to overcome barriers created by different communication codes?
Answers will vary but could include things such as; learning a new language, trying to learn key phrases in new languages, become familiar with different nonverbal communication norms or relying on an interpreter.
Describe a situation in which you would have to make extra effort to listen to someone talking.
Answers will vary but may include: having a conversation in a crowded room, paying attention in class when you are tired, making an effort to understand a difficult concept as it is being explained.
Are you making positive contributions to your family? Give one example of a positive or negative contribution you made recently to your family. Explain how can improve your family relationships. You can focus on one family member or your family as a whole.
Answers will vary but should include a yes or no answer and one example of a positive or negative contribution. Improvements could include any of the following: be more understanding of how complex my family is, try to understand different needs and personalities of family members, try to be a better listener, keep private information private, be willing to give/contribute/compromise/be flexible.
Victor has been given the assignment to deliver a 5-7 minute speech on the topic of "The Right to Vote" to his ninth grade US Government class. Give him 3 or 4 pointers on how to narrow his topic and decide on a purpose (whether to persuade or inform).
Answers will vary but should include several of the following pointers: - Be sure your topic is important and appropriate - Narrow your topic by conducting a survey, viewing news items, brainstorming, or searching encyclopedias, dictionaries, websites, etc. - Limit your topic by asking questions about it, drawing a tree diagram, or searching library directories - decide on a purpose by asking whether he wants to influence what the class believes or does (persuasive) or whether he wants to inform or teach the class something (informative) - decide on a specific purpose by relating it back to the narrow topic
Write a brief dialogue that illustrates a team rule.
Answers will vary but should make clear the definition of team rule: a formal and generally understood rule or policy governing team behavior
Which of the "Effective Listening Strategies" do you need to improve on? What steps will you take to improve?
Answers will vary but should refer specifically to one of the 5 "Effective Listening Strategies" and should describe specific steps the student can/will take to improve.
Write a brief statement the demonstrates a credibility appeal.
Answers will vary but should refer to the speakers good character, expertise or general knowledge and experience.
Sending 10 pictures of your recent vacation, to everyone in your email address book is a violation of which guideline?
Avoid sending large attachments
Imagine you have been assigned to complete a project with a classmate. Your cultural background has taught you to value collective behavior, while your partner has learned to value individual achievements. What difficulties may occur as you try to work together? What steps can you take to minimize the communication barriers in your relationship?
Answers will vary but should reflect an understanding of the differences between collective and individualist cultures.
"I know just how you feel, when that exact same thing happened to me I was so angry, so I just told her exactly how I felt. You should do the same thing. It worked for me!" This statement violates which of the principles of active listening?
Avoid solving problems and remain 'other' focused
You have just met someone whose cultural background and communication codes are different from your own. Summarize the communication difficulties you may have and describe the steps you would take to overcome those difficulties.
Answers will vary but should reflect the barriers to intercultural communication as well as the steps to overcome those barriers.
A friend comes to you and says, "Mr. Johnson gave me an F on my paper and says I copied it, but I didn't! I showed him the bibliography and the sources, but he doesn't believe me! I'm going to drop the class." Write a response that reflects the characteristics of effective responses.
Answers will vary but should reflect the characteristics of effective responses and active listening.
Write a brief dialogue that demonstrates what men typically prefer to communicate.
Answers will vary but should reflect the following principles: areas of expertise, problem solving, content focused
Define back-channel cues. List 3 examples of backchannel cues.
Back-channel cues are vocalized, reactive responses used to signal understanding, agreement, contradiction or empathy. Examples will vary but can include: Uh-huh, oh!, huh, hmmmm, shhh...
What is the fourth step of effective communication?
Be aware of feedback.
What is the first step of effective communication?
Be clear about your goals.
How does reciprocity affect disclosure?
Because you should only disclose if your communication partner is also disclosing, reciprocity can help you to decide how much and when to self-disclose during communication.
What does it mean to be 'other oriented'?
Being 'other-oriented' means that you focus on the needs of the 'others' you are communicating with. You work to adapt your communication to their listening styles and work to make sure they are understanding what you are communicating. You take into account the 'others' thoughts and feelings when communicating.
____________ is an unfair or unfounded attitude towards something.
Bias
You are assigned to speak to a large group about your experiences in high school. What can you do in your preparation to address your audience effectively? Please give at least 4 or 5 specific examples.
Answers will vary greatly, but should include at least 4 of the following: - try to use more elevated language - find out what age group you are to address - find out if there are gender specific issues to address - find out if there are cultural or ethnic differences to consider - use more examples and real-life stories - survey the audience ahead of time to find out what their needs and expectations are - prepare and organize material more carefully - find out about the location and size of the group
_________ is an example of a word that has a different meaning in American English than in British English.
Biscuits
Jim has been given the assignment to speak to his biology class on the function and structure of a cell. Give some specific ideas of how he can approach this topic to make it clear and interesting for his classmates. How might he simplify the complex ideas and make the presentation fun and exciting?
Answers will vary greatly, but should include specific suggestions of how he might simplify the complex ideas and make the presentation fun and exciting. For example: - Jim could start out with a funny story, then use pictures to describe in detail the function of a cell by comparing it to a factory in which each department has a specific function.
Describe a situation in which you were hearing but not necessarily listening.
Answers will vary, but may include: lectures in school, conversations with friends while distracted, not listening to instructions etc...
Your friend is preparing a speech for class tomorrow. She asks you to watch her speech and give her feedback. During her speech she stares at her paper and rarely looks up. You can barely hear or understand what she is saying. She rocks back and forth from one leg to the other. Her speech lasts 28 minutes and is filled with long quotes from scientists. When she finishes you really don't remember what she spoke about. Prepare a critique of your friend's speech. Remember the guidelines for effective critiques!
Answers will vary, but should address both positive and negative aspects of the presentation, and be constructive, specific, behavior focused, objective, and ethical.
How does self-esteem affect performance?
Both A and B a. Healthy self-esteem can increase confidence, which improves performance. b. A lack of self-esteem can decrease confidence, which will hurt performance.
Your teacher has given you the assignment to deliver a 5-7 minute speech about healthy eating to a group of elementary school children. Begin your preparation by narrowing your topic and deciding on a purpose (i.e.. to persuade or to inform), then write a specific thesis statement for your speech.
Answers will vary, but should be a full sentence in the form of a declarative statement, should be narrow enough to cover in a 5-7 minute speech, should present one clear central idea or stance, and should state or imply a specific purpose (i.e.. persuasive or informative). Example persuasive thesis: Cooking healthy foods can be fun, very tasty, and can teach you a lot about what you are eating. Example informative thesis: To be healthy, children need to eat lots of different foods. Grains, vegetables, and dairy products each benefit your body in a different way.
Choose the answer that correctly identifies Ruff and Buddy's conflict management styles.
Buddy is confrontational and Ruff is cooperative.
These two images are examples of what characteristic of public speaking?
Channel
Your teacher has given you the assignment to deliver a 7-10 minute speech about gun control laws to your classmates. Begin your preparation by narrowing your topic and deciding on a purpose (i.e. to persuade or to inform), then write a specific thesis statement for your speech.
Answers will vary, but should be a full sentence in the form of a declarative statement, should be narrow enough to cover in a 7-10 minute speech, should present one clear central idea or stance, and should state or imply a specific purpose (i.e.. persuasive or informative). Example persuasive thesis: Gun laws are the cause of much violent crime in America, and should be changed to require all gun purchasers to undergo a psychological exam, an FBI background check, and an extensive training course prior to obtaining a permit. Example informative thesis: How gun control laws affect the crime rate has been the subject of much debate in America, with one side claiming it should be easier for Americans to purchase handguns, while the other side claims laws should be much stricter.
Why is it important to use color when preparing a presentation aid?
Color adds visual interest to your aid. Most members of an audience are used to colored media; black and white is considered "boring". Color also communicates that you have spent time and put careful consideration into your presentation aid, which can build credibility. People tend to associate color with professionalism, which can also build credibility.
Subject-verb agreement is an example of which communication characteristic?
Communication follows rules.
A Tibetan monk has just taken a vow of silence and he goes about his day deep in meditation. He is still communicating with those around him, even though he is not speaking. This scenario is an example of which communication characteristic?
Communication is inevitable.
Victor has been given the assignment to deliver a 5-7 minute speech on the topic of "The Right to Vote" to his ninth grade US Government class. Help Victor decide on a specific purpose by giving him 1 or 2 suggestions for a narrow persuasive speech topic, and 1 or 2 suggestions for a narrow informative speech topic.
Answers will vary, but should be narrow and should consist of at least one persuasive and one informative speech topic. Answers should be similar to the following examples: Narrow persuasive topic: WHY THE LEGAL VOTING AGE SHOULD BE LOWERED TO 16 IN THE U.S. Narrow informative topic: THE CONTRIBUTION OF ELIZABETH CADY STANTON AND LUCRETIA MOTT TO WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE IN THE U.S.
How is communication like a puzzle?
Communication is like a puzzle because there are a variety of elements or 'pieces' that must be present to create a clear message or 'picture'.
_________ goals may not be exactly the same, but they still work together for a common good.
Compatible
Read the speech, "Childhood Obesity." Critique this student's use of supporting materials by answering the following questions: Was his use of supporting materials effective? Why or why not? What other supporting materials could this student have used to improve his speech? Be specific.
Answers will vary, but should clearly answer the questions and offer specific and detailed explanations. For example: I thought he used narratives well, because it made the speech interesting from the very beginning. He could have also used some photos to give examples of how you should dress for a job interview.
Briefly explain why it is important to use simple language in your speeches and presentations.
Complex, technical language does not make you sound "smart" or sophisticated. Instead, it will usually confuse your audience and cause them to lose interest in what you are saying. Using simple language ensures that your audience can understand your message.
Describe the differences between cultures that value certainty and cultures that value uncertainty.
Cultures that value certainty like communication to be direct and without ambiguity while cultures that value uncertainty do not like direct communication and can tolerate much more ambiguity.
policy
Def: a course of action adopted and pursued by an organization, government, ruler, political party, etc Usage: It is a good idea to show how policy changes will affect your audience.
interpersonal conflict
Def: a disagreement or clash between two or more people Usage: The work environment wasn't very pleasant, because there was a lot of interpersonal conflict between staff members.
apprehension
Def: a feeling of anxiety or fear that something bad will happen Usage: I experienced a lot of apprehension before I stood in front of all those people.
barrier
Def: a limit or boundary that restrains or obstructs progress, access, etc. Usage: Ethnocentrism often causes communication barriers between people of different cultures.
relationship
Def: a particular type of connection existing between people who have sustained interactions Usage: The relationships I have with family and close friends are the most meaningful to me.
friend
Def: a person we are fond of and who is fond of us, who shares common interests, and provides support Usage: Through the support of her friends, Amanda was able to deal with her illness.
touch ethic
Def: a personal sense of how much touching and when touching is appropriate Usage: Her touch ethic made it possible for people to take advantage of her.
Feedfoward
Def: a preface to an upcoming message Usage: Movie trailers are an example of a feedforward message.
extemporaneous
Def: a prepared speech delivered without notes, or with minimal notes Usage: Speaking extemporaneously is the most adaptable speaking style.
paraphrase
Def: a restatement of a text or passage giving the meaning in another form, as for clearness; rewording Usage: Could you please paraphrase, or repeat back to me in your own words, what you just heard?
audience
Def: a small or large group of people that have gathered together to listen to a speaker Usage: To be an effective speaker, it is very important to know your audience.
descriptive speech
Def: a speech designed to explain an object, person, event, or process Usage: She prepared a descriptive speech about the causes of World War I.
definition speech
Def: a speech explaining the meaning of significance of a person, object, event, or process Usage: I heard a very interesting definition speech about the contributions of Albert Einstein to modern physics.
informative
Def: a speech for the purpose of informing the audience about a certain topi Usage: I learned a lot from that very informative speech.
persuasive
Def: a speech that attempts to persuade or influence the opinions of the audience Usage: The candidate gained many votes due to her powerful and persuasive speech.
culture shock
Def: a state of confusion and distress experienced by an individual who is suddenly exposed to a new, strange, or foreign social and cultural environment Usage: I experienced severe culture shock when I first moved to Indonesia.
narration
Def: a story or account of something Usage: Narration can help bring an otherwise boring topic to life.
active listening
Def: a structured way of listening for meaning by focusing one's attention on the speaker, (by observing body language, emotions, tone, etc. and by suspending judgment) Usage: She realized that by practicing active listening she was able to get a lot more out of conversations with others.
language
Def: a system of symbols structured by grammar and syntax common to a community of people Usage: People assign different meanings to the symbols of language.
presentation aid
Def: a visual method of clarifying ideas and illustrating the message Usage: The use of presentation aids will help you keep your audience's attention.
transition
Def: a word, phrase or passage that links one subject or idea to another Usage: Transitions help your speech flow more smoothly.
artifacts
Def: accessories we wear, such as: jewelry, makeup, piercings, etc... or other ways in which we alter our appearance in order to make a statement, such as: hairstyle, tattoos, etc. Usage: Young people often wear many different types of artifacts to demonstrate who they are.
demonstration speech
Def: also called "how-to" speeches; the speaker shows the audience how to do something or how something operates Usage: Thanks to your demonstration speech, I now know how to create an effective resume.
colleague
Def: an associate or someone with whom we work Usage: It's important to learn how to get a long with your colleagues at work.
Attitudes
Def: an individual's learned predisposition towards people, objects or ideas; an individuals likes and dislikes Usage: A person's attitudes change frequently as they gain more life experience.
Self-Concept
Def: an individual's sense of identity Usage: A person's self-concept is often related to the roles and responsibilities they have in their life.
beliefs
Def: an individual's understanding of reality, what an individual understands is true or false in the world Usage: A person's beliefs are learned and develop through their experiences.
Values
Def: an individuals ideas of right and wrong; good and bad Usage: Personal values will often help shape an individual's self-concept.
organization
Def: an organized group of people working together to achieve specific goals Usage: This is a top notch organization.
stereotype
Def: an oversimplified and generalized image of a person or group Usage: People must overcome stereotypes in order to become sensitive to other cultures.
Bias
Def: an unfair or unfounded attitude towards something Usage: Bias can lead to conflict.
family
Def: any group of persons closely related by blood, as parents, children, uncles, aunts, and cousins; or a group of people who are generally not blood relations but whom share common attitudes, interests, or goals Usage: Family relationships teach culture, values, and communication skills.
stimuli
Def: any object or experience that creates a sensory response Usage: A cold wind is a type of stimuli that may cause a person to shiver.
logical appeals
Def: appealing to the audience's ability to reason and draw conclusions by presenting facts and evidence Usage: Using logical appeals in your speech will strengthen your arguments.
credibility appeals
Def: appeals based on perceived competence, expertise, or accomplishments Usage: A presidential candidate must incorporate credibility appeals in campaign speeches.
emotional appeals
Def: appeals to your listener's feelings, desires, and wants Usage: Politicians often use emotional appeals to win over their audience.
Territoriality
Def: attachment to or protection of a territory or domain Usage: Her territoriality prevents me from getting very close to her.
adaptors
Def: behaviors that help us to cope or adapt to certain situations Usage: The test takers fidgeted nervously and displayed such adaptors as tapping their pencils, sighing loudly, or bouncing one leg up and down repeatedly.
Ethics
Def: beliefs, values and moral principles which help people determine right and wrong Usage: Ethics become complex because different people have different beliefs, values, and moral principles guiding their lives.
aggressive communication
Def: bold and forward communication; pushy; tending toward unprovoked offensives, attacks, invasions, or the like Usage: His aggressive communication style made him the most feared individual in the office.
abstract
Def: cannot be experienced by the senses Usage: The concept of metaphysics was too abstract for Ethan to comprehend.
Message
Def: communication in speech, writing or signals Usage: People communicate by exchanging messages with each other.
defensive communication
Def: communication that creates mistrust, hostility or hurt and indicates a desire for conflict rather than cooperation Usage: Defensive communication creates a climate of mistrust and hostility.
supportive communication
Def: communication that indicates a willingness to work together in a spirit of trust, understanding and acceptance Usage: Supportive communication creates a climate of trust, understanding, and acceptance.
computer mediated
Def: communication that relies on computer technology (the internet), including chat-rooms, email, discussion groups etc... Usage: Online messaging is one of the most popular forms of computer mediated communication.
specific instances
Def: concrete, real-life examples that illustrate a point or conclusion Usage: Giving specific instances will help the audience see how your point applies in real-life situations.
Based on what you know about nonverbal communication, describe all the different types of nonverbal messages being conveyed in these photographs and how the children and grandparents are integrating nonverbal communication with their verbal communication.
Answers will vary, but should describe all the different types of nonverbal messages being conveyed in these photographs and how the children and grandparents are integrating nonverbal communication with their verbal communication. Example answers include: - The children are complementing their verbal communication with their body language. - The nonverbal communication of both the children and their grandparents is relying on multiple channels. - The grandparents are emphasizing their verbal communication with their body language.
assertive communication
Def: confident, self-assured, positive communication Usage: She was well liked and known for her assertive communication style.
persuasion
Def: convincing or influencing someone to act or think in a certain way Usage: Great speakers have perfected the art of persuasion.
You have been asked to give a speech and video presentation about the bride and groom at your cousin's wedding. There will be a large group of people present, many of whom you do not know. Briefly describe what preparations you will make and what, specifically, you will do before the presentation to overcome any apprehension you might be feeling.
Answers will vary, but should describe the preparation process and any steps taken to overcome apprehension. For example: - Carefully prepare video presentation - Check equipment ahead of time at the venue - Prepare remarks on notecards - Practice the presentation many times - Visualize the presentation ahead of time - Think positively about the performance - Breathe deeply before going on stage - Do warm-up exercises for body and voice
low-context culture
Def: cultures that do not place a high emphasis on nonverbal communication Usage: Low-context cultures tend to value the spoken word over body language.
high-context culture
Def: cultures that place a high emphasis on nonverbal communication Usage: He came from a high-context culture and, therefore, was a man of few words, but was quite physically expressive.
conflict management
Def: dealing with conflict in either confrontational, non-confrontational, or cooperative ways Usage: He was very skilled at conflict management and was able to help everyone get along.
rate
Def: degree of speed, progress, etc. Usage: Speaking at a rapid rate will make it difficult for others to understand you.
self-actualization
Def: encouraging listeners to reach for and become "the best he/she can be" Usage: Motivational speakers often have self-actualization as their main theme.
Review the excerpt from the outline for the speech, "Organ Donation." What type of research do you think this student did to prepare for his speech? What quotes or other types of information did he include in his speech? Did he include source information?
Answers will vary, but should discuss the research that would have been involved in preparation. Students should also list any quotations from the speech and whether or not the speaker included source information.
affect displays
Def: facial movements that convey emotional messages Usage: His affect displays of sadness had a great impact on his audience.
legitimate power
Def: fair or just power derived from a job, position, or status Usage: A manager has legitimate power over her subordinates.
individual roles
Def: focus attention on individuals and do not contribute to effective group dynamics Usage: The group quickly broke up as each member focused only on his or her own individual role rather than on what was best for everyone.
vivid
Def: full of life; lively; animated Usage: Vivid language helps "paint a picture" for the audience.
reciprocal
Def: given by each of two sides; in return Usage: Their partnership worked because it was based on reciprocal respect.
compatible
Def: goals that may not be the same, but are not mutually exclusive Usage: Though our goals are different, they are compatible because your goals do not prevent me from accomplishing mine.
social roles
Def: help the group manage relationships Usage: The group got along well as each member was very conscientious about his or her social role.
constructive
Def: helping to improve, promoting further development or advancement Usage: It was a challenge, but it turned out to be constructive and we all were better for having experienced it.
referent power
Def: influence over others, acquired from being well liked or respected by them Usage: Because he was so fun to be around, the other members of the group granted him referent power.
grapevine
Def: informal messages that are passed on from person to person Usage: I heard through the grapevine that the Christmas party may be cancelled.
research
Def: inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to discover or revise facts, theories, applications, etc. Usage: To speak with authority, you must research your topic thoroughly.
plagiarism
Def: intentionally or unintentionally using someone else's work without giving credit to the original author or creator Usage: To speak with authority, you must research your topic thoroughly.
Noise
Def: interference in the channel of communication Usage: Effective communication relies on confronting or diminishing the noise in communication channels.
interpersonal
Def: involving the relationships and interactions between people Usage: Interpersonal communication is essential in getting group projects completed.
denotative
Def: literal, dictionary definition of a term Usage: Jane used the dictionary to get the denotative meaning of her vocabulary assignment.
bypass
Def: messages cannot be decoded by the receiver because the language used is not understood Usage: Bypass occurs more frequently in intercultural communication due to differences in languages.
Feedback
Def: messages sent from the receiver to the source as a response/reaction to what is being said Usage: People often give feedback messages unconsciously.
regulators
Def: movements that regulate or control the flow of information Usage: She turned her back on him as a regulator signifying she was finished with the conversation.
emblems
Def: movements, signs, or gestures that have widely understood and accepted meanings Usage: Members of private clubs and organizations often use signs or other emblems to recognize or greet other members.
proximity
Def: nearness in place, time, order, occurrence, or relation Usage: It only took a moment to walk because the theatre was in close proximity to the restaurant.
impersonal
Def: not personal; without reference or connection to a particular person; lacking human emotion or warmth Usage: When I call my bank, they are always so impersonal and speak to me as though I'm just another number.
statistics
Def: numerical data; facts and figures used to analyze problems Usage: Using too many statistics could confuse your audience.
spatial
Def: of or pertaining to space; existing or occurring in space; having extension in space Usage: It is best to give a spatial description when speaking about objects or places.
temporal
Def: of, pertaining to, or expressing time Usage: It is best to give a temporal description when speaking about events or processes.
testimony
Def: opinions of experts or accounts of witnesses Usage: Citing expert testimony can lend credibility to your arguments.
action-oriented structure
Def: organizing group activities to encourage the group to take action and get things done Usage: Thanks to our group's action-oriented structure, we were able to accomplish all our goals.
outlining
Def: organizing main ideas in a clear and logical sequence Usage: Outlining your main points will help you stay organized.
content-oriented
Def: people with this listening style are able to deal with complex information Usage: She was content-oriented and could easily understand and follow his complex instructions.
people-oriented
Def: people with this listening style focus on the emotional and relational aspects of communication Usage: He meant no harm, but because she was more people-oriented, she was offended by his words and became very emotional.
action-oriented
Def: people with this listening style prefer clear, efficient information Usage: He was very action-oriented, and, therefore, lost patience with her complicated explanation.
time-oriented
Def: people with this listening style prefer short, limited messages Usage: He was more time-oriented and his mind often wandered when she spoke to him for long periods of time.
collectivism
Def: place a high value on the accomplishments of a group Usage: In cultures where collectivism is valued, people are expected to work together
individualism
Def: placing a high value on individual accomplishments and individual competition Usage: It was hard for him to ask for help, because he valued individualism greatly.
handouts
Def: printed materials that can be distributed to the audience Usage: Giving the audience too many handouts may overwhelm them.
confidential
Def: private or secret Usage: Due to the sensitive nature of the topic, the report had to be kept confidential.
roles
Def: proper or customary function; the consistent way you communicate with others in the group or team Usage: We all play certain roles when working in groups.
organizing
Def: putting in systematic order; giving organic structure or character to something Usage: Without organizing your thoughts ahead of time, it will be very difficult for you to deliver them in a logical order.
back-channel cues
Def: reactive responses (such as: "uh-huh") to signify understanding, agreement, empathy, or the contrary in a conversation Usage: He received no back-channel cues, which made him feel as though he was speaking to a brick wall.
intrapersonal
Def: related to the internal aspects of a person; thoughts and emotions Usage: Intrapersonal communication helps people better understand themselves and the world around them.
models
Def: representations of actual objects Usage: Use models to demonstrate objects that are too large or complex to bring with you.
lethargic
Def: sleepy; drowsy; sluggish Usage: If you bore your audience, they will become too lethargic.
fact
Def: something that actually exists; reality; truth Usage: Basing a persuasive speech in fact is essential to establish credibility.
examples
Def: something that is representative of another thing because it shares typical features of the thing it represents; also an illustration that supports or provides more information about something Usage: Using lots of examples helps to clarify your message.
manipulative aids
Def: something you can change and manipulate through the course of your speech Usage: Consider using manipulative aids, such as a SmartBoard or a dry erase board.
impromptu
Def: speaking without advanced preparation Usage: To speak impromptu, you must be very experienced and knowledgeable about your topic.
verbal abuse
Def: sustained negative messages with the intent of causing harm Usage: Verbal abuse harms a person's self-esteem immensely.
ethnocentrism
Def: the belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to another's Usage: The extreme ethnocentrism of the Nazis led to the murder of millions of innocent people during WWII.
Culture
Def: the beliefs, customs, practices and social behaviors of a particular nation or people Usage: Culture is transmitted from one generation to the next through communication channels.
business
Def: the content or general message of a conversation; what the conversation is about Usage: After you begin your conversation, be sure to get down to the business of it and deliver your message clearly.
Interpretation
Def: the creation of meaning or significance for something Usage: People share their interpretations with others through the use of verbal and non-verbal language.
Gender
Def: the culturally defined characteristics of masculinity and femininity Usage: Gender based biased language is usually referred to as "sexist" language.
connotative
Def: the definition of a term combined with an individual's emotional response to the term Usage: Tree houses have a positive connotative meaning for Joshua, as he had fun in the tree house he had as a child.
Pitch
Def: the degree of height or depth of a tone or of sound Usage: The pitch of her voice was so high it hurt my ears.
volume
Def: the degree of sound intensity or audibility; loudness Usage: If you want to be heard, you must speak at an appropriate volume.
Spiritual self
Def: the element of a person's self-concept reflected in his/her private feelings, thoughts, values and beliefs Usage: An individual's spiritual self is not often shared with others.
Material Sefl
Def: the element of a person's self-concept reflected in the things they own Usage: Buying designer handbags satisfies Sheree's material self.
Social self
Def: the element of a person's self-concept reflected in the ways he/she interact with others Usage: Jessica's social self reflects her helpful nature.
total meaning
Def: the entire message; as opposed to a partial, misinterpreted, or filtered message Usage: In order to get the total meaning, you must try to read between the lines and beware of your own prejudices.
repair stage
Def: the fifth stage of a relationship during which an attempt to make amends is made; both intrapersonal and interpersonal Usage: We have decided to go to counseling to assist us with the repair stage of our relationship.
dissolution stage
Def: the final stage of a relationship during which the two parties decide the relationship cannot be repaired; ends in separation Usage: The dissolution stage became final when we decided to get a divorce.
deterioration stage
Def: the fourth stage of a relationship during which conflict comes into play between two people; parties turn inward rather than sharing thoughts or emotions Usage: We've definitely entered the deterioration stage; we've been fighting like cats and dogs.
language
Def: the human use of spoken or written words as a communication system Usage: A solid understanding of language is needed to effectively use and interpret verbal messages.
topic
Def: the main idea or main point; what your speech is about Usage: It is crucial to choose a topic that is both important and appropriate.
delivery
Def: the manner in which your speech is presented Usage: Her delivery was so excellent, she had the entire audience in tears.
Source
Def: the originator of a message for communication Usage: The source produces messages based on his or her interpretation of the world.
Channel
Def: the pathway for a message Usage: Messages can reach the receiver through many channels.
audience
Def: the person or persons to whom you are speaking Usage: Knowing your target audience will help you tailor your speech to their specific needs.
Receiver
Def: the persons or person who receives a communication message Usage: The receiver is responsible for translating the message and providing feedback
hearing
Def: the physiological process of decoding sounds; a constant process requiring no effort Usage: He spoke so softly that she had difficulty hearing him.
reward power
Def: the power that comes from controlling the dispensing of rewards or benefits Usage: Because the officer was the one who granted weekend passes, he enjoyed reward power over the troops.
coercive power
Def: the power to force someone to do something against their will by the use of fear, punishment, or other oppressive means Usage: My brother exerted his coercive power over me by threatening to beat me up if I didn't clean his room for him.
direct perception checking
Def: the process of confirming or disconfirming a person's perceptions by asking questions to confirm or contradict his/her perceptions Usage: Asking a friend's opinion on an outfit is a method of direct perception checking.
indirect perception checking
Def: the process of confirming or disconfirming a person's perceptions by gathering additional information to either support or contradict his/her perceptions Usage: Conducting internet research is a popular method used for indirect perception checking.
Encoding
Def: the process of creating a message to be communicated Usage: Once the source finishes encoding his or her message, he or she will send it to the receiver.
acculturation
Def: the process of learning a culture other than the one a person was born into Usage: Immigrants will have to go through the process of acculturation.
enculturation
Def: the process of learning the culture in which a person was born into Usage: Enculturation tends to happen naturally as part of a person's growth and maturation process.
communication
Def: the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal messages Usage: Communication helps people understand the world around them.
mass communication
Def: the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal messages Usage: Communication helps people understand the world around them.
listening
Def: the process of making sense out what one hears; requires effort on the part of the listener Usage: Though the boy could hear his mother, he was not listening to what she said.
Decoding
Def: the process of translating a message received into understandable language or symbols Usage: Decoding the message is the responsibility of the receiver.
listening style
Def: the psychology behind the different ways people listen Usage: Knowing the different listening styles of your audience can help you become a more effective speaker.
purpose
Def: the reason behind this particular topic; why you are speaking about this in the first place Usage: For your speech to be effective, you must carefully consider what your specific purpose is.
cultural context
Def: the relative emphasis different cultures place on nonverbal communication Usage: The emphasis people place on verbal or nonverbal communication depends largely on their cultural context.
etiquette
Def: the rules and conventions governing correct or polite behavior and communication Usage: It is important to use proper etiquette, such as covering your mouth when you cough.
Netiquette
Def: the rules and guidelines for appropriate computer mediated communication Usage: One must observe good netiquette when inquiring about an online job listing.
grammar
Def: the rules for speaking or writing a language Usage: Strong vocabulary and an understanding of grammar are the foundations of good verbal communication.
involvement stage
Def: the second stage of a relationship during which two people test one another's boundaries, develop connections, and self disclose Usage: We are moving into involvement stage, and I feel like I trust him more and more.
conclusion
Def: the section that brings the speech to a close and summarizes the content Usage: Always try to end with a strong conclusion.
thesis
Def: the specific detailed subject for an essay or speech Usage: When planning your speech, it is important to start with a well-defined thesis.
contact stage
Def: the stage in a relationship when two people first meet; based on perceptions, introductions, and impersonal contact Usage: She and I just met; we are still in the contact stage of our relationship.
complexity
Def: the state of being complex; complicated; intricate; composed of many interconnected parts Usage: You should adjust the level of complexity in your speech to fit the needs of your audience.
content
Def: the subjects or topics covered in verbal communication Usage: Men are more likely to focus their attention on the content of a conversation, while women tend to be more emotion and relationship focused.
feminine
Def: the traditional social and cultural ideas of female characteristics Usage: She comes from a culture with strong feminine values.
masculine
Def: the traditional social and cultural ideas of male characteristics Usage: He comes from a culture with a strong masculine tradition.
Self-esteem
Def: the value and individual gives him/herself Usage: Self-esteem is developed through social comparisons and individual expectations.
opening
Def: the way in which we begin a conversation Usage: Despite the rocky opening, that conversation actually went pretty well.
closing
Def: the way you finish your conversation Usage: The closing is important, because it's the last thing the other person will remember about your conversation.
task roles
Def: those roles that group members assume that move the team forward in accomplishing its tasks and mission Usage: While river rafting, it is imperative each person on the raft work together and perform his specific task roles.
completment
Def: to add meaning Usage: The informational flyer was provided as a complement to the lecture.
adapt
Def: to change something to suit different circumstances or serve a different purpose Usage: A person must learn to appropriately adapt messages in order to effectively communicate with people of various ages, cultures, and life experiences.
memorize
Def: to commit something to memory Usage: Memorizing your speech is like reading it without ever looking at your manuscript.
regulate
Def: to control and bring to a desired point or level Usage:A negotiator was hired to help regulate the discussion between the two parties.
contradict
Def: to demonstrate that something is not true or that the opposite is true Usage: His words contradict his actions.
emphasize
Def: to give importance or to stress something Usage: The prosecutor presented photographic evidence to the jury to help emphasize her point.
ambiguous
Def: to have more than one possible meaning or interpretation Usage: Nonverbal communication is ambiguous.
motivate
Def: to inspire; excite; encourage; provide meaning and purpose Usage: Great speakers are able to motivate their audience.
integrate
Def: to join two or more objects to make a larger whole Usage: Communication often integrates verbal and nonverbal messages.
ruminate
Def: to meditate; ponder; think Usage: If you use big words, it will require your audience to ruminate more on your message.
rehearse
Def: to practice, drill, or train Usage: For a well-delivered speech, it is helpful to rehearse several times.
articulate
Def: to speak clearly and distinctly; pronounce with clarity Usage: Clear articulation is essential when speaking to large groups.
polarization
Def: using extreme language such as "always" or "never" in communication Usage: Using polarization in speech can limit the speaker significantly.
verbal
Def: using language to communicate a message; verbal can refer to written or spoken language Usage: Verbal messages are comprised of spoken and written language.
non-verbal
Def: using symbols other than language to communicate a message Usage: Non-verbal messages rely on other forms of communication, such as signals and gestures.
self-disclosure
Def: voluntarily sharing personal information with other people that others would otherwise be unable to learn Usage: Self-disclosure helps people build meaningful relationships.
selective exposure
Def: when audiences listen for information to support beliefs, attitudes, and values, while avoiding information that contradicts them Usage: Try to anticipate selective exposure and address it in your speech.
manuscript
Def: written text Usage: Reading from a manuscript may sound monotonous and mechanical.
_____________ is communication that creates mistrust, hostility or hurt and indicates a desire for conflict rather than cooperation.
Defensive communication
Define relationship in your own words. Discuss at least 3 different types of relationships you currently have.
Definitions will vary in wording but should be close to: type of connection between people who have sustained (repeated) interactions. Types of relationships could include: family, friends, online, teammates, coworkers, school, romantic, etc.
Describe a situation in which you have used direct perception checking.
Describe a situation in which you have used direct perception checking.
Which of the following scenarios reflects the universal truth that innocents must not be harmed?
During a boating accident, the Coastguard made sure that everyone was rescued from the boat safely.
___________ is not one of the selves described by William James.
Economic Self
Which of the following statements is true?
Effective responses require practice and effort.
Elaine is going into Pakistan for the first time and staying with a Muslim family. She has never left the U.S. and is quite intimidated by the prospect of encountering a new place. What can she do in order to ensure non-biased language?
Elaine can do several things in order to avoid conflict created by biased language. She could be mindful of the words she uses. She can also try to identify and confront her stereotypes about the Pakistani culture and Islam. In this way she can avoid offending her host family.
What does it mean to show empathy? Write a brief, empathetic statement.
Empathy means you show you understand how the other person is feeling. Student statements will vary.
Which of the following reflects the third step of effective communication?
Erin is giving a lecture on heart disease, in which she is using medical terms, to a classroom of medical students.
Which of the following scenarios reflect the value of truth?
Ethan gives Jacqueline constructive criticism on her Biology essay.
Ethnocentrism causes which of the following communication barriers?
Ethnocentrism causes people to develop negative attitudes about others.
_______________ should be used when you want to make abstract ideas more concrete, and can be both real and hypothetical. Be sure they are credible and relevant to your topic.
Examples
Concrete terms can never be used in an abstract or symbolic way.
F
It is important to avoid using a person's title in an email to avoid offending him or her.
F
Beliefs can be defined as a person's likes and dislikes and the behavior related to them.
False
Family is strictly people who share similar genetics.
False
Group norms and team rules are usually identical.
False
Most communication falls into one of two, very broad, categories: supportive communication and aggressive communication.
False
Paraphrasing is repeating back to the speaker his or her words, exactly as they were said.
False
Relationships always involve two people in love.
False
The conversation between Fred and Sarah is an example of impersonal communication.
False
There are three types of informative speeches: definition, description and developing.
False
Which of the following below is the best example of an effective critique?
Good job, your ideas were organized and your demonstration really engaged the audience. One thing you could do differently is try to make more eye contact and use your notecards less.
Explain how using guide phrases in your speeches can improve clarity in your speeches and presentations.
Guide phrases signal when you are changing topics or moving forward. This helps your audience follow your 'train of thought' and to keep up with the pace of the speech or presentation.
__________ are printed materials that can be distributed to the audience.
Handouts
Ian is preparing for a speech that he was invited to deliver in front of an entire elementary school about racism in America. In order to be well prepared for his speech, he wants to phone the principal of the school ahead of time to find out more about his audience. Which types of questions should he ask?
He should ask questions about their ages, their gender, their ethnicity and cultural background.
Which of the following statements describes hearing?
Hearing can take place without conscious effort.
Explain the significant differences between listening and hearing.
Hearing is an unconscious, contact physical phenomenon; you can't 'shut-off' your hearing. Listening, on the other hand, requires constant effort and is not passive.
Which of the following would be the most effective thesis statement for a persuasive speech?
High school graduates should be required to take a year off to pursue community service projects before entering college in order to increase their maturity and global awareness.
If you were the boss at this company which coworkers would you give a raise to?
I
Who are you? Identify 3 characteristics of your self-concept (roles you fill, your likes/dislikes, your beliefs and values etc...)
I 'm Katherine Nguyen, the daughter of Nick and Lynda Nguyen. I like playing sports such as tennis and running. I believe that people who cheat should be punished and disciplined. I believe that pursuing something you love, you will always feel more successful, than feeling bored and not enjoying a job, even if it pays higher than what you love.
Which of the following best describes the messages the man in this photograph seems to be conveying by his nonverbal communication?
I am a confident and successful business professional.
Which of the following is not an example of verbal abuse?
I'm glad you're here.
Jane is feeling depressed after receiving a failing grade on a test. Which statement would help improve her mood and attitude?
I'm sure you'll do better next time.
In this picture, touch is reinforcing which message or messages? I. Congratulations! II.What just happened? III. Great Job! IV. I am so excited!
I, III and IV
All of the images above are examples of people enhancing their colleague relationships except ________.
IV
Which of the following statements is true?
If your response contains criticism, it may be best to wait a little while before responding.
__________________ are body language used to accent or contradict a speaker's message.
Illustrators
What is the difference between indirect perception checking and direct perception checking?
Indirect perception checking does not involve asking questions; direct perception checking requires you to ask questions to clarify your perceptions.
Which of the following is the most effective use of statistics?
"A total of 820,151 legal induced abortions were reported in 2005, the abortion ratio (number of abortions per 1,000 live births) was 233, and the abortion rate was 15 per 1,000 women aged 15--44 years." - (www.cdc.gov)
Erin and Mel are having marital problems. Which of the following would help their relationship?
"Can we talk about this?"
Which of the following is not an example of biased language?
"Everyone has a right to his or her opinion."
Which of the following is an example of ageist language?
"Get a move on, old man!"
Which of the following statements does not reflect the guideline to be descriptive in our responses?
"Go for it."
Which of the following is an example of gender biased language?
"Hey guys!"
Which statement reflects how language can help build relationships?
"I appreciated your help today."
Which of the following is an example of biased religious language?
"I can't stand Mormons-they still practice polygamy!"
Which of the following is not an example of defensive communication?
"I would love to talk about this with you if you have the time."
Which of the following is an example of supportive communication?
"I'm always here if you need help with anything."
Which statement would most likely improve a person's mood and attitude?
"I'm sure you'll do fantastic next time."
Which of the following is an example of the foot-in-the-door method of asking for change?
"If you are interested in helping our cause today, you can donate as little as $1!"
"Justin- I cannot believe you said that to me. What a jerk. You know what!? Don't ever talk to me again. Seriously-we're finished. DROP DEAD." Rewrite this email to reflect netiquette guidelines.
"Justin- I'm very disappointed in you. How could you be so rude to me. Could you please explain your motives for saying such rude things?"
Which of these statements reflects a social role?
"Let's make sure we listen to everyone's ideas, so no one feels left out."
Which of the following speeches is an example of a demonstration speech?
"Making Irish Soda Bread"
Which transition would you use to introduce a new point in your speech?
"Moving on..."
"Mothers should remember that a nutritious breakfast is more important for a child than it is for an adult." Which of the following would be a better way to phrase this statement without bias?
"Parents should remember that a nutritious breakfast is more important for his or her child than it is for an adult."
You have been given an assignment to speak on swimming as the ideal form of exercise, and would like to include a quote in your speech from one of your sources. Which quote below is the least likely to be a good choice to include?
"Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through water, usually without artificial assistance. Swimming is an activity that can be both useful and recreational." - wikipedia.org
Which of the following statements is most likely to cause polarization?
"This is too hard!"
Which of the following is an example of a denotative meaning?
"Tree; a large woody plant that survives and continues to grow year after year"
Which statement reflects a culture that values collectivism?
"We need to work together to ensure our projects success"
Which of the following would demonstrate respect and enhance Jerry's relationships at work?
"Well, everyone has hard times, I think I'll check in on George."
Which of the following is an example of ethnocentrism?
"Why won't you look me in the eye when I am talking to you!"
Which of the following words reflects a regional culture within the United States?
"Y'all"
What are the three general guidelines of effective persuasion?
1. Anticipate selective exposure 2. Ask for limited amounts of change 3. Identify with your audience
According to the lecture, you should limit your speech to ____ to ____ main points.
3, 5
There are __________ in the listening process.
5 steps
Explain the ANSVA in the motivated sequence organizational style.
A - Attention getting device N - Need in the audience S - How to satisfy the audience V - Visualize the solution A - Ask the audience to take action
Define "barrier." What is a communication barrier?
A barrier is something that blocks access or obstructs your path. A communication is anything that gets in the way of communication.
Which of the following scenarios is the result of a lack of education or experience?
A child refusing to eat broccoli because of its color.
What is a handout? When would it be useful to use a handout?
A handout is a written aid you provide to the audience. It would be helpful to use a handout if your speech contains detailed information that the audience may not remember without a tangible reminder. It may also be useful to use a handout for "how-to" speeches, to outline the step-by-step instructions. It is also common to use handouts when you use technology aids, such as slideshows, so the audience can follow along.
What is a manipulative aid? Describe a situation in which the speaker would want to use a manipulative aid?
A manipulative aid is any presentation aid that the speaker actively changes during the course of the speech. Writing notes on a chalkboard during a classroom lecture is an example of when a speaker may want to use a manipulative aid. Other examples include: writing ideas from audience participation, or changing an aid during a demonstration speech.
When asking a question, how does a person's voice change?
A person will often change the pitch of their voice when asking a question.
What is a presentation aid?
A presentation aid is a visual method of clarifying ideas and illustrating the message.
Which of the following does not reflect the third step of effective communication?
A sixth grader listening to an audiobook about human anatomy
Describe the type of conversation that would be most appealing to a time-oriented listener.
A time oriented listener would want a brief, to the point conversation.
Which of the following does not reflect the fourth step of effective communication?
A woman dresses up professionally for her presentation.
Which of these images best represents self-concept?
A. Mirror
What is the fifth step of effective communication?
Adjust your communication based on the feedback
________________ are facial movements that convey emotional messages.
Affect displays
Which of the following statements is not true?
All languages rely on identical symbols
Which of the following is the most effective example of a thesis statement?
All nations must unite to address the 4 main causes of global warming: natural causes, pollution, increase in population, and deforestation.
The context in public speaking __________________.
All of the above
Which of the following is an example of how self-awareness can affect communication?
All of the above
Which of the following is an example of how words affect people?
All of the above
Which of the following statements is false?
All of the above
Which of the following statements reflects certainty as a cultural value?
All of the above
Which of the following statements reflects one of the reasons men communicate?
All of the above
Which statement reflects a culture that would be categorized as "feminine"?
All of the above
Which of the following could impact your self-esteem?
All of the above a. comparisons to others b. accomplishing a difficult task c. giving a successful performance
Amber is a spokeswoman for a large corporation that has been in the news lately for allegedly engaging in illegal business practices. She is giving an official statement to the press that will be broadcast on national television. Which method of delivery should Amber choose in this situation and why?
Amber should choose the manuscript method, because it is very important for her to deliver the information precisely, without leaving anything out or including something unintentionally. This will also allow her to have documentation of exactly what was said.
Which of the following is an example of a physiological issue that may affect understanding?
An audience member is hard of hearing and cannot hear the speaker.
Define "emotional appeal".
An emotional appeal is an appeal to your listener's feelings, needs, desires and wants.
Which of the following words best describes the emotional state depicted in the drawing?
Angry
Imagine that you have been asked to speak at a pep rally for your high school's football team on the day of a big game. You will be in front of the entire student body and will be tasked with celebrating the team's past wins and the skills of the coach and players in a 5 - 10 minute presentation. Describe what types of specific intrapersonal, social, academic, and career benefits you might gain from this experience.
Answer should discuss possible benefits in the 4 areas, for example: 1. Intrapersonal - speaking to such a large group of my peers will require me to develop a great deal of confidence 2. Social - being the center of attention will help me practice entertaining others in a group setting, thus helping me make friends more easily 3. Academic - preparing for the presentation will help hone my researching skills, and delivering the speech will help me overcome my fear of giving presentations in front of the class 4. Career - learning how to give this sort of informational and motivational presentation may come in handy in a job someday when I have to give a presentation to my boss and coworkers
Give an example of a colleague relationship (from work or school) that you want to improve. For example, a teammate, a classmate, a club colleague, coworker, or teacher that you want to have a more positive relationship with. What can you do to improve this relationship?
Answer should include a specific colleague relationship listed. Ways to improve the relationship can include any of the following or variation of any of the following: make an effort to make a positive impression, be easy to get along with, avoid drama, be flexible, compromise, be more hard-working, be honest, listen better, follow directions/instructions, communicate respectfully with people in authority, treat coworkers and subordinates respectfully and kindly, etc.
Have you ever felt like the person in this image during a speech or presentation? List four or five things this person can do to be a more effective listener.
Answers may include, but are not limited to, any of the following: - Take notes - Make an effort to build an understanding of the speaker's message - Think more deeply about the message - Avoid becoming self-focused or distant - Evaluate and analyze the speaker's message - Critique the speaker's performance and presentation - Listen actively - Listen for total meaning - Listen with empathy - Listen with an open mind - Listen ethically
Define organization and explain three of the characteristics of an organization. Give three examples of organizations, try to include an organization that you belong to.
Answers may vary. Definition of organization should be close to: an organized group of people working together to achieve specific goals. Characteristics could include: structured, rules & regulations, division of labor, reward & consequences, culture Examples of organizations could include: companies, school, clubs, teams, volunteer organizations, etc.
Ethan and Christine are having a discussion about last week's Math homework. Which form of human communication are they using?
Interpersonal Communication
_________________ is a disagreement or clash between two or more people.
Interpersonal conflict
_________ is the act or process of explaining the meaning of something.
Interpretation
Which form of human communication is depicted in the image above?
Interviewing
Which of the following is not an impact of negative language?
It can cause compromises.
What is the main problem with the following critique? "You put some thought into it, but you obviously do not care much about the topic you are presenting."
It is not behavior focused.
What is the main problem with the following critique? "That was the stupidest speech I've ever heard. You weren't organized, you were boring, it went too long, your visual aids were ugly and useless, and nobody cares about your topic."
It is not ethical.
What is the main problem with the following critique? "Your organization was confusing, you spoke too quietly and couldn't be heard, your visual aids were distracting, and your presentation was much too long."
It is not positive.
All of the following statements about plagiarism are true, except:
It is only considered plagiarism if you intentionally use someone else's work without giving credit to the original author.
What does "content focused" mean?
It means that communication focuses on details and information gathering.
Which of the following is not a reason to avoid bias?
It upsets a lot of people.
All of the following are examples of supporting materials, except:
Jake summarizes the main points of his speech by restating his thesis in his conclusion.
Which of the following reflects the second step of effective communication?
Jane ushers her employee into her office to discuss job satisfaction.
Jasmine has just started high school. She finds that she is struggling to manage her time and complete all of her assignments. How could she use communication to help her learn to manage her time?
Jasmine could talk to her teachers about how to approach her assignments. She could also talk to or read information from experts in time management or study skills to teach her the skills she needs to better manage her time.
Which of the following reflects the first step of effective communication?
Jessica researched the topic that is going to be discussed at today's group meeting.
Which of the following reflects the fourth step of effective communication?
KC stayed after class to talk about the grade he received on his research paper.
Explain the 6 stages of a relationship. Which stage do you think is the most difficult? Why?
The 6 stages should be listed and a brief explanation included: contact (impersonal 1st step) involvement (relationship is growing, more personal info shared, testing) intimacy (deeper connection and communication, trust) deterioration (involves conflict and a reduction in intimacy) repair (attempt to find ways through intrapersonal/interpersonal communication to fix problems) dissolution (ending of a relationship). Students answers about which stage is the most difficult will vary. Should name one of the stages above and include an explanation of why it's difficult.
Both donkeys are hungry. Both donkeys want their own pile of food. Explain how Effective Cooperative Conflict management steps result in a positive outcome
The Effective Cooperative Conflict management steps result in a positive outcome, by showing that the donkeys should manage their emotions, manage each other's feedback, manage their goal of getting the pile of food.
Describe your Johari Window. Which area or areas are largest for you? Smallest?
The largest areas for me in my Johari Window is the blind area. The smallest is probably the open section. I'm not very open to people and I don't know a lot about myself.
What are the major differences between a culture that values masculinity and a culture that values femininity?
The major differences are: cultures that value masculinity tend to value "traditional" male traits (such as assertiveness, achievement, heroism)and tend to value traditional gender roles, while cultures that value 'femininity' tend to value traditional female traits (such as sensitivity and peaceful relationships) and tend to place less value on traditional gender roles.
In this picture, what messages are communicated through touch?
The messages include: comfort, kindness, support, love, friendship
What is the primary difference between a culture that values collectivism and a culture that values individualism?
The primary difference is that collective cultures value the achievements of groups, while cultures that emphasize individualism value the achievements of individuals.
"So, then it was, like, my turn to try the new machine thingy. It was, ummm, so sweet!" Identify the problem language in this statement and then rewrite the statement to correct the problem.
The problem is the use of slang and cliches in the statement. Student corrections will vary but should remove or change: "like", "thingy", "ummm" "so sweet!".
Describe the development process for a persuasive speech addressing a question of facts.
The process should begin by developing the thesis statement. Once the thesis statement has been created, main ideas should be developed. Appropriate supporting materials should be chosen and incorporated into the speech. When finalizing the speech, the student should ensure that the sources used are current, credible and relevant. The final format of the speech should emphasis logic and evidence. Finally, the speech should clearly connect examples and statistics to the main ideas.
If you were to add a "fourth self" to William James' model, what would it be? Why?
The pure ego could be the fourth self. The self can be divided into two classes which are indeterminism and compatibilism
What is netiquette?
The rules and guidelines for effective Internet communication.
In a speech she gave to her classmates, Sharon quoted a statistic from 1955. What is the problem with this?
The source is not recent.
Explain the important guidelines for using a presentation aid during your speech.
The speaker should work for integration with the aid, the speaker should be sure he/she is not talking to the aid and uses the aid only when it is relevant. Finally, the speaker should NEVER read directly from the aid.
"Requiring a year of national service, either in community projects or the military, will build a sense of national pride and unity." This statement is an example of which type of speech? Identify 3 specific types of supporting materials you could use when developing this speech.
The speech addresses a question of fact. Types of supporting materials that would be appropriate include: testimony, statistics, and examples.
What is selective exposure?
The tendency of an audience to listen for information that will reinforce their beliefs, values and experiences, while actively avoiding information that will contradict their beliefs, values and feelings.
Explain the three steps you can take to increase perceptual accuracy.
The three steps are 1. Increase awareness. This means that you take the time to increase your awareness of how and what you perceive. 2. Avoid stereotypes. This means you cannot assume your stereotypical beliefs are true; you have to work to avoid and overcome stereotypes. 3. Use direct and indirect perception checking. You have to continue to observe, ask questions about your perceptions or do a combination of both in order to ensure your perceptions are accurate.
Which of the following statements is most likely true about the nonverbal communication depicted in this picture?
The women in the background are complementing their verbal communication with their body language.
How can you avoid using biased language?
There are many possible way to avoid using biased language. You can do this by trying to develop an awareness or being thoughtful about the words you choose. You can also identify and confront stereotypes. Get to know the individual rather than relying on a stereotype. Making an effort to understand others is also key. If you put yourself in their shoes, you can identify with them more and make more of an effort to avoid using biased language. Lastly asking for feedback and consciously choosing inclusive language are good ways to avoid biased language.
How can you work on building positive relationships?
There are many ways to build positive relationships. One does need to focus their energy on creating supportive communication. There are several steps you can do to ensure this. You can describe your own feelings clearly, seek to solve problems, ask open-ended questions, empathize with others, promote equality and be flexible.
Based on the nonverbal messages you see in this photograph, which of the following most likely describes this person's situation?
There are not enough nonverbal messages to say for sure.
Why does intercultural communication have the potential for increased noise?
There is more potential for a misunderstanding with communication between 2 or more people of different cultural backgrounds because they are coming from a different set of values, beliefs, customs and social practices. They might not use the same language to communicate their ideas.
Which of the following statements about primary sources is not true?
These sources should be used to get an overview or general idea about your topic.
Based on the nonverbal messages you see in this photograph, which of the following most likely describes this person's situation?
This high school student has just broken up with her boyfriend.
Why is getting a meeting request from a friend different from receiving one from an individual's boss?
This is because the relationship dimension of the request would be different. A meeting request boss implies that this discussion would be professional and work-related. While a meeting request from a friend would be more casual.
Based on the nonverbal messages you see in this photograph, which of the following most likely describes this person's situation?
This man has just been fired from his job.
Based on the nonverbal messages you see in this photograph, which of the following most likely describes this person's situation?
This man is at home watching a ball game online and his favorite team is losing.
Based on the nonverbal messages you see in this photograph, which of the following most likely describes this person's situation?
This man just witnessed a horrible car accident on his way home from work.
How does a difference in cultural contexts affect communication?
Those from a low-context culture would have different communication expectations than those from a high-context culture (and vice versa). This can lead to misunderstanding or barriers to communication.
Explain the three types of formal messages and give an example for each. Explain an informal (grapevine) message.
Three types of formal messages are: upward (message from employee to someone higher in the company, perhaps a boss), downward (message from someone in charge to personnel lower in rank), lateral (message from one employee to another of the same rank). Examples of formal messages might include: an employee requesting time off (upward), a new dress code policy (downward), memo from one employee to another (in same position) discussing project (lateral). An informal grapevine message is the most common type of message in an organization and happens when information is shared word of mouth from employee to employee in an unofficial manner.
All of the following are typically examples of negative body language except:
Tilting the head
What are touch ethics? What factors typically influence a person's touch ethic?
Touch ethics are the guidelines individuals have for how much, what type and when touching is appropriate. Many factors including culture and background experiences influence a person's touch ethic.
A word or phrase that links one subject or idea to another is called the ________________.
Transition
A masculine culture values men more than women
True
Conflict is all around us.
True
Culture shock is the fear or anxiety people feel when encountering cultures that are unfamiliar.
True
Effective listening requires the listener to make an effort to reduce distractions.
True
Everyone holds some stereotypical attitudes.
True
Fred's opening is informal.
True
Interpersonal relationships can develop a unique language, thus creating a 'culture' of two.
True
Organizations are structured.
True
Organizations can be small or large groups.
True
Perceptions are shared through communication.
True
Racial slurs are still a common part of communication in the United States.
True
Touch is an everyday part of communication.
True
Using sources the audience will relate to is especially important when developing speeches on questions of value.
True
While giving an informative presentation, it is important to use information from your audience's day to day lives in order to more effectively motivate them
True
"Hang on just a second, I need to take this call." This statement violates which principle of active listening?
Turn off competing messages
List the types of persuasive speeches.
Types of persuasive speeches include: questions of fact, questions of value and questions of policy.
What is the second step of effective communication?
Understand your receiver.
"I don't know why you're angry, it's not like I was trying to upset you." This statement violates which principle of active listening?
Validate emotions
________________ language helps "paint a picture" for the audience.
Vivid
What is self-disclosure?
Voluntarily sharing information about yourself, that others could not find out unless you told them.
Why is perception a complex process?
We perceive so many things that it is difficult to focus on and process all of our perceptions. Also, perception involves several steps. If any single step does not occur, the entire process can be ruined.
Which of the following is not a question your group might ask while analyzing the problem?
What do we hope to accomplish?
Describe what it means to "assume similarities."
When we assume similarities, we assume that all people will act and communicate just like us. When differences arise, we don't know how to handle them.
Which of the following would be the most effective thesis statement for an informative speech?
While both Northerners and Southerners believed they fought against tyranny and oppression, Northerners focused on the oppression of slaves while Southerners defended their own right to self-government.
Why is it difficult to avoid trying to solve other's problems during a conversation? What can you say instead of offering advice?
Why is it difficult to avoid trying to solve other's problems during a conversation? What can you say instead of offering advice?
According to the lecture, ____________ tend to communicate about emotions, experiences and relationships.
Women
Sarah: "Tell me all about your weekend! Was it nice to be on the beach?" Rose: "It was awful! It rained the whole time and I didn't get to spend any time on the beach at all. Instead, we were all cooped up in the hotel room; my little brother and sister were driving me insane! Hopefully that's the last family vacation we take for a while!" Sarah: "I'm so sorry! My weekend was so boring, I spent the whole time by myself with nothing to do. If you'd been here, we'd have had lots more fun!" Rose: "It sounds like we both had pretty awful weekends and now we have to deal with that stupid Math test..." This dialogue reflects what aspect of communication?
Women tend to communicate to build relationships
Why are words powerful?
Words are powerful because they can create and label experiences. We use language in order to describe what we're going through. Words also shape and reflect culture.
Write a brief dialogue that reflects the principle of asking thoughtful questions and listening to the response.
Write a brief dialogue that reflects the principle of asking thoughtful questions and listening to the response.
Write a brief statement the illustrates the use of cause and effect as part of a logical ap
Write a brief statement the illustrates the use of cause and effect as part of a logical ap
You are giving a speech on effective study skills. Write a brief personal experience you could share during your speech, to illustrate the importance of developing effective study skills.
You are giving a speech on effective study skills. Write a brief personal experience you could share during your speech, to illustrate the importance of developing effective study skills.
The following are all ways to use a thesis statement except:
You can use a thesis statement to help you support the main ideas of your speech.
List 3 ways you could overcome physical noise during communication.
You could move to a different location, increase your volume, take steps to decrease the physical noise around you (asking people to be quiet, turn down a stereo etc...)
Which of the following best illustrates how public speaking skills can help improve your career opportunities?
You present yourself very well during a job interview and the employer offers you an entry level position with the company.
Write a short paragraph explaining the principle of "don't say or do anything online that you wouldn't say or do face to face." Give at least 2 examples in your paragraph.
You shouldn't say or do anything online that you wouldn't say or do face to face. If you were to say someone was rude to you, but you didn't want them to know, what makes putting it online reasonable, without them being able to see it.
Jason is nervous about performing the national anthem in front of his whole school. What could be said to him to help build his self esteem and lessen his anxiety?
You sing beautifully.
Explain how you would effectively communicate instructions to a 5 year old.
You would likely use simple words as well as short sentences and a clear tone. You might incorporate non-verbal communication, such as gestures to demonstrate what you want the child to do.
How can your personal listening style impact your communication?
Your personal listening style will dictate what types of communication you seek out and attend to. It may also influence the subjects you choose to communicate about.
How does self-concept affect communication?
Your self-concept will help to determine how you communicate.
If you compare your performance to a professional athlete or another expert, what may happen to your self-esteem?
Your self-esteem may suffer because you develop unrealistic expectations.
A colleague is __________________.
a coworker
Which is not an example of being aware of one's communication with others?
a daughter arguing loudly and heatedly with her mother
Someone you can trust and share similar interests with is _______________.
a friend
Which of the following is an example of the face-saving principle of language?
a friend avoiding a controversial topic
"Don't spread gossip" is an example of _____________.
a group norm
You have been given the assignment of speaking about the affects of illegal drug use on youth in America. Which of the following types of research is likely not to be necessary while preparing for your speech?
a library book about the pharmaceutical drug industry in America
Which of the following is an example of how interpersonal relationships develop a new language and thus create a new culture?
a married couple using endearments with each other
Which scenario is not an example of an interpersonal communication?
a mechanic and a customer discuss repairs needed on the customer's car
Which type of person would be least likely to self-disclose?
a person with a large Hidden Self
A formal presentation can lead to miscommunication when:
a speaker's non-verbal messages do not match his or her verbal messages
"Stephanie was valedictorian and student body president at her high school." is an example of _____________.
a specific description
language
a system of symbols structured by grammar and syntax common to a community of people
"Perceptions can be created through verbal and nonverbal messages." is an example of _________.
a way perception and communication are linked
Which of the following are not credible sources Suzanne can use in her speech?
a website written by her high school friend
Haley: Would you get a move on? Are you deaf?1 Kenneth: I'm going! Would you just wait a second? Haley: Sorry, but I'm just anxious to meet Francis. I think he gypped some of my tips from last night.2 Kenneth: What? Francis wouldn't do that! He always splits the tips between the wait staff fairly. Besides he's Catholic. He would never steal.3 Haley: Right, because you wouldn't say anything at all to defend your best friend. Kenneth: I wouldn't! Haley: You're a guy, Kenneth. All boys stick together. It's a part of your code or something.4 Kenneth: Now you're just being unreasonable. I guess you can't help it. You're young after all.5 Haley: You're one month older than me! What type of biased language can be found in Line 1?
ability
Thanks to our group's ________________, we were able to accomplish all our goals.
action-oriented structure
To ___________ means to change something to suit different circumstances or serve a different purpose.
adapt
The picture above is an example of _____________.
aggressive communication
All of the following are strategies for creating interesting presentations, except:
alienate your listener
During feedback which of the following would be communicated?
all of the above
In order to attend to the communication you must ________________________.
all of the above
In which situation would it be difficult to attend completely?
all of the above
Interpersonal communication includes _____________________,
all of the above
Our voices communicate _______________.
all of the above
Which of the following is an example of a listening mode?
all of the above
Which of the following is an example of how to identify with your audience?
all of the above
Which of the following is an example of personal information we often share when we are forming relationships?
all of the above
Which of the following is an example of using touch in communication?
all of the above
Which of the following is an important consideration when deciding whether or not to disclose?
all of the above
Which of the following is helpful for self-evaluation?
all of the above
___________ is not a component of hearing.
all of the above
All of the following are advantages of an extemporaneous speech, except:
allows for word for word documentation
When something is _______________, it means that is has more than one possible meaning or interpretation.
ambiguous
Oftentimes, our physical environment is _______________.
an extension of our personality
What aspect of nonverbal communication do the ladies in this picture seem to be most preoccupied with at the moment?
appearance
_________________ is important to a speaker's credibility.
articulation
Which of the following does not reflect the first step of effective communication?
asking for feedback on the project's progress
In step three of the listening process you must _________________.
assign meaning
When we assume differences we ________________.
assume that communication with others is not worthwhile
When we _____________ differences in people we run the risk of isolating ourselves, which in turn becomes a(n) ____________________ in intercultural communication.
assume, barrier
"I don't want to get to know her better, we just don't have anything in common!" Which communication barrier does this statement reflect?
assuming differences
Ignoring your cell phone when it rings during a conversation with a friend is an example of ___________.
attending completely
To deliver an effective speech, you must take the time to learn as much as you can about your _______________.
audience
Which of the following is not a way to increase your perceptual accuracy?
avoid new situations
Ordering and threatening are examples of ________________.
barriers to communication
Which of the following is a way you can avoid email communication problems?
be brief
Ruff does an excellent job of using which steps of Effective Conflict Management?
both a and b
To Who it May Consern, I am writing to request more information about State Universities Freshmen WorkStudy Program. My address is: 123 Main Street, Columbia WA, 55500 Thank you, Stephan Smith What is the Internet communication problem in the email above?
both a and c
Which of the following is not something your group might do while selecting the best solution?
brainstorm
A group of people get together and start with a list of questions about a particular topic. Each individual spends a minute or two free writing about one of the questions, then a discussion begins during which all ideas are mapped out on a white board. This is an example of:
brainstorming
Which of the following is part of generating creative solutions?
brainstorming
Dave is a small business owner attending a large convention. The presenter suddenly, and without any prior warning, asks him to step up on the stage and say a few words about why his business has been so successful. Which of the following methods will likely help him most in overcoming his feelings of apprehension?
breathe deeply & think positively
Performers typically stand in the wings __________________ just prior to going on stage. This helps them to think more clearly and settle their nerves.
breathing deeply
According to the lecture, women tend to communicate in order to ____________.
build relationships
Developing an awareness of your perceptions is an important part of ______________.
building perceptual accuracy
Topical organization should be used when your subject can best be explained _______________.
by giving equal emphasis to each part of your subject
abstract
cannot be experienced by the senses
You work in a company where teamwork is highly valued. Because of your ability to express your opinions and offer solutions to problems, you quickly gain the respect of your fellow teammates and stand out as a leader. This is an example of how public speaking can help improve your _____________.
career and professional skills
Both _________ and __________ organizational styles are similar.
cause-effect, problem-solution
"When one person holds the most power in a society, it is easier to get things done. Strong central leadership is much better!" This statement reflects _____________ .
centralization
One of the goals of a persuasive speech is to ________________ the attitudes, beliefs, or values of your audience.
change
Persuading a peace activist to support a war involves:
changing beliefs
When communicating with others, it is important to allow others to ___________.
choose whether or not to disclose
Answering your phone is an example of ______________.
choosing a sound to focus on
The first step in listening is ________________.
choosing a sound to focus on
A __________ organizational style is the best choice if your main points need to go in a certain order.
chronological
What is the best type of organization for explaining, step by step, how to get to your house from school?
chronological
"It is important we work together on this project; we want our group to succeed." This statement reflects __________.
collectivization
Which of the following is not an example of the concrete meaning of language?
color
The language a person speaks is one example of ________________.
communication codes
Careful comparisons to others can help you to develop your self-concept because __________.
comparisons help you to see your strengths and weaknesses
The informational flyer was provided as a ______________ to the lecture.
complement
A topic with a great deal of ______________ needs to be simplified for your audience.
complexity
When you send large attachments, you are not ___________
considering the needs of others
Verbal abuse is _______________.
consistent negative language
Which type of relationship is depicted in the image above?
contact
A very detailed description of project requirements would appeal most to a ____________.
content-oriented listener
Communication involves both __________ and __________ dimensions
content; relationship
Which of the following determines how we interpret language?
context and culture
Adopting the attitude of "we are the learners" is one way to __________.
control our biases
Steve and John have a _________ type of relationship.
coworker
After listening to Christine's speech, Albert tells her that it was good, but it was "kinda boring", and that most people probably won't care about her message. This is an example of:
criticism
When offering a _____________, it is best to be as objective and fair as possible.
critique
In addition to who you are, _____________ and _____________ affect self-disclosure.
cultural background and gender
"What a given group of people appreciates" are their ___________.
cultural values
Touch ethic is determined by ________________.
culture
A __________speech explains the meaning or significance of a person, place, object, event or process.
definition
Which type of informative speech should Suzanne write?
definition
A _____________ speech tells the audience all about an object, person, event, or process.
descriptive
An effective response is___________ and ___________.
descriptive; brief
The _______________ stage of a relationship revolves around conflict often resulting in the weakening of trust.
deterioration
According to the lecture, women tend to communicate in order to _____________.
develop understanding
Which of the following would help build effective verbal communication skills?
developing a better vocabulary
Which of the following communication barriers is very difficult to overcome?
different communication codes
Asking questions to check your perceptions is called _____________.
direct perception checking
Acknowledging controversy and asking for careful consideration are two ways to adapt to which type of audience feedback?
disagreement
All of the following are steps in the listening process except __________________.
distracting
Sending an email to customer support before looking through the site and reading the frequently asked questions is an example of not
doing your research
The flowchart above illustrates which type of organizational messages?
downward
Self-disclosure is most likely to occur _____________.
during one-on-one conversations
These photographs show examples of which category of kinesis?
emblems
Appeals to a desire for safety and self-actualization are examples of ___________.
emotional appeals
"Guidelines for appropriate behavior"
etiquette
The rules and conventions governing correct or polite behavior and communication are called ______________.
etiquette
Your teacher gives you an assignment to speak on the Civil War in class. You have two weeks to prepare. Which of the following would be the best method of delivery in this situation?
extemporaneous
When Angie stands up in front of a group of people, all of the eyes focused on her make her heart feel as if it is pumping at a million beats per minute, her palms get sweaty and her knees feel very shaky. Angie's apprehension probably comes from her:
fear of being the center of attention
According to the lecture, in communication, women tend to value _______________.
feelings
An action-oriented listener would be least interested in which of the following topics?
feelings about a recent election
The closing is the part of the conversation where you ___________________.
finish your conversation.
Language is more _____________ and _____________ than nonverbal communication.
finite; rigid
Spatial organization should be used when your subject can best be explained _____________.
from the inside out
Haley: Would you get a move on? Are you deaf?1 Kenneth: I'm going! Would you just wait a second? Haley: Sorry, but I'm just anxious to meet Francis. I think he gypped some of my tips from last night.2 Kenneth: What? Francis wouldn't do that! He always splits the tips between the wait staff fairly. Besides he's Catholic. He would never steal.3 Haley: Right, because you wouldn't say anything at all to defend your best friend. Kenneth: I wouldn't! Haley: You're a guy, Kenneth. All boys stick together. It's a part of your code or something.4 Kenneth: Now you're just being unreasonable. I guess you can't help it. You're young after all.5 Haley: You're one month older than me! What type of biased language can be found in Line 4?
gender
Which of the following is an example of using nonverbal communication to repeat verbal communication?
gesturing towards the door while saying, "Let's go"
The feedforward part of the conversation should do all of the following except __________.
give leave-taking clues
All of the following are disadvantages of an extemporaneous speech, except:
gives the speaker little flexibility
Small group interaction can lead to miscommunication when:
group members don't listen thoughtfully to each other
Which of the following words best describes the emotional state depicted in the drawing?
guilty
"As Joseph sat in History class, he was aware that the teacher was talking, but instead of paying attention, he doodled in his notebook." This is an example of _______________.
hearing
Paying attention to nonverbal communication can ________________.
help you be an effective listener
Which of the following is an example of using nonverbal communication to substitute for verbal communication?
holding a finger over your mouth to 'shhh' someone, nodding your head to say yes
Which of the following would be the most appropriate informative speech topic for a group of high school seniors?
how to prepare for college or job interviews
Which of the following would be the most appropriate speech topic for an audience of senior citizens?
how to stay active with arthritis
Which of the following is not an effective tip for creating clear and interesting presentations?
humor is appropriate as long as it gets a laugh
Sequential organization should be used when your subject can best be explained _________.
in order of when the events occurred
During the ____________ of culture shock a person is excited about and interested in all of the new cultural experiences he/she is having.
incubation stage
"I am sure I will get a good grade on this project. I've worked really hard; my teacher will recognize my efforts!" This statement reflects ___________.
individualism
"How-to" speeches and reports on research findings are two examples of ______________ speeches.
informative
To join two or more objects to make a larger whole is to _____________ them.
integrate
Master Boatswain! Boatswain Here, master: what cheer? Master Good, speak to the mariners: fall to't, yarely, or we run ourselves aground: bestir, bestir. (I. i. 1-3) This excerpt from William Shakespeare's The Tempest is an example of ___________.
interpersonal communication
A televised one-on-one meeting between a famous television reporter and Nelson Mandela is an example of both __________ and _____________.
interviewing; mass communication
A speaker uses the transition, "As we begin..." in order to do which of the following?
introduce new information for audience
The ____________ begins the speech and summarizes the contents.
introduction
The ___________ stage of a relationship is the stage when connections develop through self-disclosure and testing.
involvement
It is best to limit your topic for all of the following reasons except:
it allows you to give a more superficial overview
Which of the following are the types of rules that communication follows?
language rules
The flowchart above illustrates which type of organizational message?
lateral
Enculturation is _____________.
learning the customs and behaviors of your own culture
Another way of looking at attitudes is what a person __________ or ___________.
likes; dislikes
People-oriented and action-oriented are examples of ___________.
listening styles
Which of the following is an example of a listening style?
listening styles
A content-oriented listener prefers _______________.
listening to detailed information
denoatative
literal, dictionary definition of a term
A culture that emphasizes verbal communication skills is ____________.
low-context
After you have chosen a sound to focus on you must _______________.
make an effort to attend
Immediately before you provide feedback during the listening process you must _____________.
make an effort to remember what has been said
Asking "what if" questions is an example of an attempt to:
make preparational adaptations
"Wait just a minute, let me turn down the stereo so I'm not distracted." This is an example of __________.
making an effort to attend
If you are trying to attend to communication, you are _________________.
making an effort to remain focused
Which step of effective cooperative conflict management should the participants in the picture above focus on first?
manage emotions
____________ are presentation aids you can change during the course of your speech.
manipulative aids
A speech that is read word for word is called a(n) ________________ speech.
manuscript
A culture that places a high value on traditional gender roles that favor men would be classified as __________.
masculine
Which of the following topics would be most interesting to a time-oriented listener?
maximizing your productivity during the day
A speech that is given word for word, but without reading from a script, is called a(n) ________________ speech.
memorized
You are asked to give a 2-3 minute speech in church, but you have never had any public speaking experience before. Which of the following would be the best method of delivery in this situation?
memorized
A ______________ is communication in speech, writing or signals.
message
Verbal and nonverbal communication often work together to convey ______________.
messages
bypass
messages cannot be decoded by the receiver because the language used is not understood
What is the Internet communication problem in the following message? Dr. Sams, I would liek to schedual an apointment for next Wednesday. Thank you, Susan
misspelled words
Great speakers are able to _______________ their audience.
motivate
If you are trying to move your audience to do something, you should choose which organizational style?
motivated sequence
Trying to inspire someone to vote at the next election involves:
motivating to action
Nonverbal communication relies on _________________.
multiple channels
Whenever Jeff is asked to speak in public, his nerves cause him to feel very nauseous. One time he even threw up in front of his entire church congregation while speaking at the pulpit. Jeff's apprehension is probably a result of his:
negative past experiences
Someone who is apprehensive might feel:
nervous, anxious, or fearful
The rules and guidelines for appropriate computer mediated communication are called ________.
netiquette
Which of the following would be an appropriate topic for disclosure in the workplace?
none of the above
According to the lecture, women are more likely to emphasize ____________ during communication.
nonverbal messages
Confidential information is __________________.
not meant to be shared
All of the following represent how audiences can exhibit diversity, except:
number, size, location, and communication barriers
It is important for your group to _____________ evaluate all of the options.
objectively
Which of the following best describes the nonverbal message in this photograph?
peace and reflection
A conversation that focused on the feelings and thoughts of the participants would be most appealing to a ___________________ listener.
people oriented
The candidate gained many votes due to her powerful and _____________ speech.
persuasive
Other than personal appearance, what are the other four nonverbal message channels that we use to communicate?
physical characteristics; body movement or stillness; personal possessions; and personal preferences about spending time
When asking a question, people often change their __________ at the end.
pitch
Which of the following activities is an example of computer-mediated communication?
playing a multi-player online game
Which of the following is an example of common Internet communication problems?
poor grammar
If you have a question about ______________ the best place to find the answer is in the dictionary.
pronunciation
"I totally understand. I would have been so angry if that happened to me." This is an example of ___________.
providing feedback
Which form of human communication is depicted in the image above? (podium)
public speaking
Read the speech excerpt below and answer the question. Looking for ways to save money? You can save money and bond in a big way if you groom your dog yourself. How much money do you spend on getting your dog groomed? $30, $40, $50 or more? Today I will demonstrate how to properly groom your dog. This will not only help you save money, it will help you bond more strongly with man's best friend. What type of introduction is used in this speech excerpt?
questions
The ______________ refers to the degree of speed you use when speaking.
rate
In order to ensure your message is clear and easily understood you should ____________.
read your writing out loud
Haley: Would you get a move on? Are you deaf?1 Kenneth: I'm going! Would you just wait a second? Haley: Sorry, but I'm just anxious to meet Francis. I think he gypped some of my tips from last night.2 Kenneth: What? Francis wouldn't do that! He always splits the tips between the wait staff fairly. Besides he's Catholic. He would never steal.3 Haley: Right, because you wouldn't say anything at all to defend your best friend. Kenneth: I wouldn't! Haley: You're a guy, Kenneth. All boys stick together. It's a part of your code or something.4 Kenneth: Now you're just being unreasonable. I guess you can't help it. You're young after all.5 Haley: You're one month older than me! What type of biased language can be found in Line 3?
religion
____________ is a vital stage of relationships requiring intrapersonal and/or interpersonal reflection in order to maintain the relationship and move forward.
repair
Emily is speaking in front of a group of engineers and computer programmers about some new software she has developed. She notices many of them are scratching their heads, staring at her with confused looks on their faces, or looking around at others in the room. Which of the following should she try in order to better engage her audience?
repeat what she said in different words, and give a few more examples
To speak with authority, you must ______________ your topic thoroughly.
research
Which of the following is not a group role?
research role
Which of the following does not reflect the fifth step of effective communication?
researching a topic before going to discussion on it
Effective conclusions: restate main ideas, refer back to introduction, ask for a response, thank the audience. What is missing from the list of effective conclusions above?
restate thesis
Fred is giving a speech to a group of people trying to lose weight. The purpose of Fred's speech is to share 5 easy steps to becoming more active. It is really important to Fred that his audience remember the 5 steps when they leave. Which part of his conclusion should he emphasize to help his audience remember the steps?
restating his main points
The physical environment (for example, our living spaces) that we, as individuals, create __________________.
reveals information about ourselves
Student, employee and soccer player are all examples of _____________.
roles a person may fill
Which of the following words best describes the emotional state depicted in the drawing?
sad
Which scenario is an example of defensive communication?
scenario 1
Which of the following scenarios is an example of supportive communication?
scenario 2
In order to overcome communication barriers, it is important to _________________.
seek information
Intrapersonal communication skills help create ________.
self-awareness and self-esteem
What are the stages of perception?
sensory stimulation, organization, interpretation
Which of the following words best describes the emotional state depicted in the drawing?
shocked
Communication is considered unethical if it:
shows insensitivity.
Which of the following is an example of using nonverbal communication to accent or emphasize verbal communication?
smiling while recounting an experience you found amusing
Which of the following is an example of using nonverbal communication to complement verbal communication?
smiling while recounting an experience you found amusing
If you need to discuss something from top to bottom, inside out, geographically, or physically the ____________ organizational style is best.
spatial
What is the best type of organization for describing how your bedroom looks to a stranger?
spatial
A solid understanding of __________ is the foundation of verbal communication.
spoken and written language
Jasper is presenting at a seminar to the same audience for the second day in a row. He feels the audience was very receptive to his message yesterday. To keep his audience engaged today, he should:
take a moment at the beginning to ask a few audience members about their experience yesterday and what they are expecting out of the presentation today
What's the best way for any speaker to create a instant bond with the audience?
tell a humorous story about public speaking
When faced with apprehension, people tend to breathe more rapidly and shallow, which can actually increase ____________.
tension
Citing expert ______________ can lend credibility to your arguments.
testimony
What is personal space?
the area surrounding a person
Within a group, your role is defined as _______________.
the consistent way you communicate with others in your group
Which of the following would probably be the most effective choice for a speech topic?
the contributions of Janusz Kaminski to modern cinema
Gender is _________________________.
the culturally defined characteristics of masculinity and femininity
connotative
the definition of a term combined with an individual's emotional response to the term
What is content?
the details of a conversation
What is the definition of hearing?
the physiological process of decoding sounds
What is perception?
the process of taking in information using our senses
What is the definition of listening?
the process we use to make sense out of what we hear
Cultural context is ____________________.
the relative emphasis cultures place on nonverbal communication
Cultural
the rules and behaviors learned from society or culture
intimacy stage
the third stage of a relationship where deep interpersonal commitments form; dependent upon openness and honesty Usage: I dove into the intimacy stage with my whole heart and soul, and I've never felt this close to anyone.
You have been given an assignment to speak on the federal prison system in the U.S. Which of the following sources is likely to be the least credible?
the website [http://www.prisons.net/] which discusses the danger of releasing an alarming number of convicts back into society
Which of the following is an advantage of a memorized speech?
there is little chance of missing vital information
All of the following are disadvantages of a memorized speech, except:
there is no freedom to move about
An email can lead to miscommunication because:
there is no opportunity to interpret nonverbal cues
When planning your speech, it is important to start with a well-defined ______________.
thesis
How are perceptions created?
through our senses
Individuals change over ____________ and _____________.
time; place
What is the definition of lethargic?
tired
Which of the following is a reason men communicate?
to accomplish a task
Which of the following is not a goal of a persuasive speaking?
to define, demonstrate, or instruct
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." What was the purpose of this speech?
to encourage people to fight for civil rights
According to the lecture, which of the following is not a reason men communicate?
to entertain an audience
All of the following describe the purpose of informative speeches except:
to impact what the audience believes or does
If all of your points are equally important and can go in any order, you should choose which organizational style?
topical
What type of organization would you use to answer the question, "What is education?"
topical or spatial
"Our personal sense of how much touching and when touching is appropriate" is our _________.
touch ethic
When we focus on stereotypes we may ___________________.
unconsciously look for information to support our generalizations
The flowchart above illustrates which type of organizational message?
upward
What should she include when developing her speech?
variety of credible sources
Men tend to emphasize ____________ when communicating.
verbal messages
Our brains are able to focus on and process ____________ of the information we perceive.
very little
The best strategy to improve the performance of a sports team suffering from a lack of confidence right before a big game is to ________________.
visualize a positive outcome
When you want to "paint a picture" for your audience, you should use _____________.
vivid language
________________ is the degree of sound intensity or audibility.
volume
"Justin- I cannot believe you said that to me. What a jerk. You know what!? Don't ever talk to me again. Seriously-we're finished. DROP DEAD." The person writing the email above should have _______________.
waited to be less emotional before responding
One negative effect of assuming differences is _______________.
we can isolate ourselves from others
Attempting to persuade someone to come back to your restaurant that you just remodeled involves
weakening their attitudes about what your restaurant used to be
A person would be most likely to disclose during which of the following communication situations?
while chatting online
The material self is _______________.
who we are, determined by what we have
Psychological
who you are and what you bring to the interaction
Which of the following is a form of intrapersonal communication?
writing on a diary
Using vocal filled pauses (umm, ahh and like) sends all of the following messages to the audience except?
you don't want to go too fast for your audience
Relational
your interaction with the other person
What is the definition of listening style?
your preferred method of listening
Situational
your thoughts about the social interactions
Self concept is ______________.
your understanding of who you are and the roles you fill
