Introduction to Physical and Human Geography Quizzes and Test Practice Questions

How much of an increase in global temperature would result in catastrophic climate change?

1 to 4 degrees Celsius

In the 2016 U.S. federal election, areas of debate included healthcare, immigration, engagement with international partners, the rural-urban divide, gun control, abortion, the national debt, jobs, and overall economic growth. Which of these issues are related to human geography? Choose 4. A. Abortion B. Engagement with international partners C. Gun control D. Immigration E. Jobs F. Overall economic growth G. The national debt H. The rural-urban divide

1. Engagement with international partners 2. Immigration 3. Overall economic growth 4. The rural-urban divide

When did global temperatures begin the sharp increase that continues today?

1950s

Which scenario is an example of environmental migration?

A farmer migrates to a different area due to excessive drought.

Which scenario is an example of labor migration?

A nurse moves from Bulgaria to England for a better job.

A farmer grows corn to feed chickens, which then excrete waste pellets that the farmer uses as fertilizer on the corn. The farmer, a vegetarian, does not eat the chickens. Which items correctly categorize the elements of this biotic community? Choose 3 answers. A. Chickens = consumer B. Corn = producer C. Fertilizer = producer D. Gardener = consumer E. Pellets = decomposer

A. Chickens = consumer C. Corn = producer E. Pellets = decomposer

When involuntary resettlement for a population is necessary, which steps should agencies take to ensure that the effort is successful? Choose 2 answers. A. Consult with affected persons to understand their needs. B. Provide documentation only in the country's official language to ensure legitimacy. C. Investigate local land values to get proper estimates for compensating the affected people. D. Limit compensation to the lowest possible levels to encourage the displaced to seek new jobs. E. Dismantle and transport all buildings to the new site to rebuild the infrastructure.

A. Consult with affected persons to understand their needs. B. Investigate local land values to get proper estimates for compensating the affected people.

Which three factors influence politics in finding solutions to climate change? Choose 3 answers. A. Cost-effectiveness B. Externality C. Foreign exchange D. Internality E. Government subsidies

A. Cost-effectiveness B. Externality E. Government subsidies

Which items describe ways in which an ecosystem can be naturally changed instantaneously? Choose 3 answers. A. Flash flooding B. Hurricane C. Insect damage to a forest D. Long-range droughts E. Minor temperature fluctuations F. Minor volcano eruption

A. Flash flooding B. Hurricane E. Minor temperature fluctuations

Which two reasons contributed to failure to agree on climate change protocols at the Copenhagen Conference of 2009? Choose 2 answers. A. Fragmented power and authority with no true leadership B. Shifting interests of political parties within attending countries C. A lack of action by industrialized countries D. The results of a selection of studies on potential obligations E. Uncertainty on which commitments would be most effective

A. Fragmented power and authority with no true leadership E. Uncertainty on which commitments would be most effective

Which statements are accurate about global governance and the sovereignty of nations? Choose 3 answers. A. Global governance relies on the interdependence and cooperation of sovereign nations in the world. B. Global governance is based on agreements among sovereign nations to address issues that affect the world at large. C. Global governance is required to ensure that capitalistic nations do not repress or control less-developed sovereign nations. D. Sovereign nations' laws are not recognized by other nations across the globe as the ultimate authority in their realms. E. Sovereign nations can overrule recommendations by global governance organizations on issues that affect only those nations. F. Sovereign nations must cooperate with the authority of global governances regardless of whether they support the initiatives.

A. Global governance relies on the interdependence and cooperation of sovereign nations in the world. B. Global governance is based on agreements among sovereign nations to address issues that affect the world at large. C. Sovereign nations can overrule recommendations by global governance organizations on issues that affect only those nations.

Why will emigration from the Middle East and North Africa likely be affected in the future by climate change? Choose 2 answers. A. Increased heat may make these countries uninhabitable. B. Severe storms will lead to increased rainfall and flooding. C. Reduction in rainfall may make farming unsuccessful. D. Rising sea levels will wipe out towns in coastal areas. E. Increases in hurricanes will threaten populations.

A. Increased heat may make these countries uninhabitable. C. Reduction in rainfall may make farming unsuccessful.

How can individuals reduce global warming? Choose 3 answers. A. Invest in energy-efficient appliances. B. Reduce water waste in homes. C. Use methane to fertilize gardens. D. Buy insulation that contains hydrofluorocarbons. E. Power homes with renewable energy.

A. Invest in energy-efficient appliances. B. Reduce water waste in homes. E. Power homes with renewable energy.

Which statements about the Fourth Industrial Revolution are accurate? Choose 3 answers. A. It is a digital revolution leading to greater interconnectivity of economic systems around the globe. B. It has enabled countries to be more responsive to the health and safety needs of local populations. C. It has led to greater efficiencies in transportation and scientific research breakthroughs. D. It is a primary driving factor in the move toward more sustainable and greener economies. E. It has produced multiple generations of people who are completely reliant on technological innovations.

A. It is a digital revolution leading to greater interconnectivity of economic systems around the globe. B. It has enabled countries to be more responsive to the health and safety needs of local populations. C. It has led to greater efficiencies in transportation and scientific research breakthroughs.

Why would policy makers choose a carbon tax over a command-based regulation to reduce carbon emissions? Choose 3 answers. A. It would increase the overall tax revenue of governments. B. It would significantly reduce the costs of several products. C. It would encourage individuals with rebates to switch to renewable resources. D. It would increase global pressure for a faster energy transition process. E. It would require firms to increase their costs by installing antipollution equipment.

A. It would increase the overall tax revenue of governments. C. It would encourage individuals with rebates to switch to renewable resources. D. It would increase global pressure for a faster energy transition process.

How can amenity migration negatively affect an area? Choose 3 answers. A. Land consumption increases. B. Real estate decreases. C. Environmental damages may occur. D. The cultural landscape changes. E. Local construction industries decrease.

A. Land consumption increases. C. Environmental damages may occur. D. The cultural landscape changes.

They originally arrived as wives of male workers with little power relative to either their husbands or the employer. A. Managers came to believe that women were better tea-leaf harvesters than men were. B. They have been discriminated against by the male leadership of the only union for tea harvesters. C. APPL, owned jointly by the Tata Group and the International Finance D. Corporation, is committed to equal pay for all employees. correct

A. Managers came to believe that women were better tea-leaf harvesters than men were. C. APPL, owned jointly by the Tata Group and the International Finance

Why would people in a developing country like Bangladesh be more likely to feel "trapped" by international borders than people in developed countries like the United States? Choose 2 answers. A. People in developing countries are often ignored by those in power when trying to escape crisis conditions. B. People experiencing environmental crises in developed countries are generally given generous international aid to help them. C. Developed countries like the United States can afford to help their citizens without relying on other nations. D. People in developing countries are constantly trying to leave for environmental reasons.

A. People in developing countries are often ignored by those in power when trying to escape crisis conditions. C. Developed countries like the United States can afford to help their citizens without relying on other nations.

Which statements accurately describe benefits or drawbacks of collective defense as a strategy? Choose 3 answers. A. Smaller nations with lower defense budgets can benefit from combined military forces in the event of an attack. B. Joined nations can become entangled in long and costly wars that do not directly affect their populations. C. Larger nations gain no benefits from using collective defense as a strategy during times of conflict. D. Joining other nations in war or military-based conflict can be detrimental to all nations mobilized against the enemy. E. Smaller nations face riskier commitments when aligning defense forces with other larger nations.

A. Smaller nations with lower defense budgets can benefit from combined military forces in the event of an attack. B. Joined nations can become entangled in long and costly wars that do not directly affect their populations. D. Joining other nations in war or military-based conflict can be detrimental to all nations mobilized against the enemy.

Which items are examples of forced migration? Choose 2 answers. A. The Syrian refugee crisis B. The opening of the European borders C. The California Gold Rush D. Colonial America E. The trans-Atlantic slave trade

A. The Syrian refugee crisis E. The trans-Atlantic slave trade

Which statements accurately describe the evolving relationship stages between human geography and physical geography? Choose 3 answers. A. The first stage saw humans as ruled by the natural world. B. The first stage saw no conscious human transformations of nature. C. The second stage saw humans mastering their natural environments. D. The second stage saw very few changes to the face of the world. E. The third stage is seeing the highest amount of pollution to date. F. The third stage is seeing very few environmental problems.

A. The first stage saw humans as ruled by the natural world. C. The second stage saw humans mastering their natural environments. E. The third stage is seeing the highest amount of pollution to date.

Which statements accurately describe global political development based on the heartland and rimland theories? Choose 2 answers. A. The heartland theory suggested that controlling Eastern Europe would lead to control of the world. B. The heartland theory suggested that farmland nations rich in raw materials could support coastal trade. C. The heartland theory suggested that European water port control made international trade possible. D. The rimland theory suggested that controlling a region lying between the heartland and sea would lead to world control. The rimland theory suggested that buffer zone nations were easily protected from invasions.

A. The heartland theory suggested that controlling Eastern Europe would lead to control of the world. D. The rimland theory suggested that controlling a region lying between the heartland and sea would lead to world control. The rimland theory suggested that buffer zone nations were easily protected from invasions.

Which two factors make fuel-cell technology a potential pathway for reaching net-zero carbon emissions? Choose 2 answers. A. They are quiet, so people are more likely to place them in homes and offices. B. They can be implemented universally, allowing consumers to reuse them as needed. C. They promote greater cooperation between nations via financial incentives. D. They convert fuel in a single step, virtually eliminating the release of air pollutants. E. They are easier to produce than combustion-based technologies, which makes them more sustainable.

A. They are quiet, so people are more likely to place them in homes and offices. D. They convert fuel in a single step, virtually eliminating the release of air pollutants.

Which examples of involuntary migration have had an impact on the United States? Choose 2 answers. A. Trafficking of slaves from Africa before the Civil War B. Displacement of Southern soldiers following the Civil War C. Relocation of pioneers to the West due to fear of violence in the East in the nineteenth century D. Movement of Black citizens to Northern cities in the early twentieth century E. Forced removal of the Cherokee from their ancestral lands in the 1830s

A. Trafficking of slaves from Africa before the Civil War E. Forced removal of the Cherokee from their ancestral lands in the 1830s

What can be done to mitigate methane emissions? Choose 3 answers. A. Use covered anaerobic digesters for livestock waste. B. Drain rice fields to expose the soil to oxygen. C. Capture methane from landfills using gas wells. D. Switch from cooking with kerosene to wood. E. Switch from ammonia to hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants.

A. Use covered anaerobic digesters for livestock waste. B. Drain rice fields to expose the soil to oxygen. C. Capture methane from landfills using gas wells.

Opponents of dams believe they destroy habitats and carbon sinks, reduce available nutrients, and displace poor communities. Proponents note the increase in water availability, flood prevention, and renewable energy creation. Which statement about dams is accurate based on this information?

Altering the physical geography of a location could have both negative and positive consequences

Which scenario represents a negative consequence of climate protection agreements like the Kyoto Protocol

An indigenous tribe is forcibly removed from their land to make way for an agrofuel plantation.

How can electric battery technology provide a partial solution to climate change in the future? Choose 3 answers. A. Batteries can store energy indefinitely, so they can reinforce wind and solar power generation, making those technologies more realistic. B. Batteries can be used along with pumped hydro, solar, and wind to store the electricity those methods generate for later use. C. Batteries can absorb excess electricity from the air, making electricity much cheaper and easier. D. Batteries can store energy generated by renewable sources such as hydro, solar, and wind, replacing energy generated by burning fossil fuels. E. Batteries can absorb the enormous amount of otherwise curtailed, unused energy.

B. Batteries can be used along with pumped hydro, solar, and wind to store the electricity those methods generate for later use. D. Batteries can store energy generated by renewable sources such as hydro, solar, and wind, replacing energy generated by burning fossil fuels. E. Batteries can absorb the enormous amount of otherwise curtailed, unused energy.

In coastal towns in Maine, fishing and fish-packing industries sprang up due to ocean proximity. Shortly thereafter, seafood product companies and seafood restaurants became prevalent. Later, ocean tourism companies, hotels, and entertainment venues opened. Which statements explain this? Choose 3 answers. A. Cultural influences in coastal Maine are founded on the economy. B. Economic activities developed due to relational geographies in coastal Maine. C. Industrialization in coastal Maine can be attributed to the locale. D. Physical geography impacted the agglomeration of businesses in coastal Maine. E. Urbanization of coastal Maine occurred due to economic development.

B. Economic activities developed due to relational geographies in coastal Maine. D. Physical geography impacted the agglomeration of businesses in coastal Maine. E. Urbanization of coastal Maine occurred due to economic development.

How has labor migration impacted the roles of women in industries such as garment work and tea plucking? Choose 2 answers. A. It has put a strain on families as women work long hours. B. It has opened up employment opportunities for women. C. It has created new chances for women to own businesses. D. It has caused women to rethink working outside the home. E. It has resulted in poor conditions and treatment of women.

B. It has opened up employment opportunities for women. E. It has resulted in poor conditions and treatment of women.

Which factors caused years of forced internal migration in Colombia, leading up to today? Choose 3 answers. A. Strengthening of the legal system B. Political struggle for control of land and resources C. Governmental interference in the private lives of citizens D. Illegal drug trading supported by paramilitary groups E. Guerrilla violence among armed rebels

B. Political struggle for control of land and resources D. Illegal drug trading supported by paramilitary groups E. Guerrilla violence among armed rebels

Which types of challenges have migrants in the East End of London faced? Choose 3 answers. A. Severe government persecution of the Catholic people B. Violence between Catholic and Jewish migrants C. Turf wars such as the Battle of Cable Street D. Government subsidies were given to Jewish people while Catholics were excluded. E. Bangladeshi families were offered the worst housing.

B. Violence between Catholic and Jewish migrants C. Turf wars such as the Battle of Cable Street E. Bangladeshi families were offered the worst housing.

Which benefit might an amenity migrant seek in a new location?

Beautiful scenery

Why is it difficult to get market-based policies and command-based policies to work together to reduce emissions?

Because of the variable nature of consumer choice, incentives will not always cause people to abandon a product, and sweeping mandates do not always work for everyone.

An immigrant with an engineering degree works as a bus driver in their new country. What is this an example of?

Brain waste

How do economists and policy makers rely on the concept of the social cost of carbon (SCC)?

By estimating the future cost of damage from greenhouse gas emissions and using that information to inform decisions

How do environmental economists contribute to environmental policy decisions?

By quantifying potential impacts from climate change

Which three technological solutions can address climate change? Choose 3 answers. A. Reducing the number of plug-in vehicles B. Increasing levels of combustion C. Switching to a smart electric grid D. Mitigating short-lived climate pollutants E. Increasing non-fossil-fuel energy sources.

C. Switching to a smart electric grid D. Mitigating short-lived climate pollutants E. Increasing non-fossil-fuel energy sources.

Why do many view climate justice as an urgent ethical responsibility?

Climate change has disproportionately affected marginalized people, who face further deterioration of conditions.

Which characteristic of the Holocene Era enabled the Agricultural Revolution?

Climate stability

What has prevented broader international cooperation on tackling climate change?

Countries have little incentive to cooperate on costly international programs.

Which statements explain the significance of the Anthropocene Era? Choose 2 answers. A. It is known as the longest period of grouped time within the span of recorded history. B. This is the only period with balanced human impact on the planet. C. It is the worst period in history, according to historians and climate change scientists. D. It is considered the geologic period during which humans had the biggest impact on the planet. E. The title of the era is only descriptive of the period as proposed by history experts.

D. It is considered the geologic period during which humans had the biggest impact on the planet. E. The title of the era is only descriptive of the period as proposed by history experts.

Which factors influence industrial location? Choose 2 answers. A. Demographics B. Education C. Housing D. Labor E. Transportation

D. Labor E. Transportation

What is needed by climate change international projects to be successful?

Deep cooperation and required participation{To be most successful, international projects require a high level of cooperation and required participation from all nations. This is known as a non-self-enforcing, high cooperation framework.}

Why is deforestation a larger problem in the Global South than it is in the Global North?

Developed countries, mostly in the Global North, deforested much of their land long ago.

What is the driving principle behind the work of the International Labor Rights Forum?

Ensuring that migrant workers have the same rights and protections as native workers

What is the relationship between environmental degradation and migration?

Environmental degradation contributes to the negative effects of other issues, such as poverty and homelessness, leading people to seek new lives elsewhere.

An immigrant detention center is built near a superfund site. What is this an example of?

Environmental racism

Which reason would explain why a developed country would welcome migrants?

Falling birth rates have made it hard to fill dirty, difficult, and dangerous jobs.

What is the correlation between birth rate and labor migration?

Falling birth rates in developed countries have led to a need for migrant labor to fill jobs.

How can fuel cell technology provide a partial solution to climate change?

Fuel cells are widely deployable and zero-emitting, so they are likely to be widely adopted, reducing use of fossil fuels. They emit a very low amount of carbon emissions.

Why is global cooperation necessary to reduce the effects of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Gases travel quickly through the atmosphere to all parts of the globe.

Which statement describes a concern raised by anti-globalization activists?

Globalization will lead to a homogenous Western culture throughout the world.

Which item describes the goal of sustainable development with regard to human and physical geography?

Harmony in societal development and respect for the natural environment

Which result was found in a 2002-2016 study in Europe on anti-immigrant attitudes; diversity, equity, and inclusion; and the idea of "social trust"?

High levels of social trust are linked to lower levels of prejudice at both the country and individual levels.

Which example illustrates the impact of environmental racism?

Housing immigrant detainees in toxic facilities

What is the emissions challenge faced by developing countries?

How to reduce greenhouse emissions while raising incomes and standards of living

Which statement explains why the planet is getting warmer?

Human activities increase greenhouse gases, which thicken the atmospheric blanket.

Which phrase describes a change that would reduce the climate effects of methane?

Increase in sustainable agriculture

Which impact does prolonged drought have on migration patterns?

Infertility of the soil makes farming impossible, forcing people to migrate to more hospitable locations.

Why did the Paris Agreement prove more successful than previous efforts at international cooperation?

It allowed member nations more flexibility in how to fight climate change in their own territories.

Which statement explains why a direct carbon tax may be viewed by policy makers as "better" than a cap-and trade-system?

It allows the price for carbon dioxide admissions to be adjusted.

What is the purpose of an integrated assessment model?

It calculates the social cost of carbon.

What role did the heartland theory play in the politics of the twentieth century?

It drove countries such as Germany and the Soviet Union to push for control of eastern Europe.

How does the Anthropocene Era differ from other eras, such as the Cenozoic and Mesozoic Eras?

It has been marked by profound human impact on the environment.

What impact does the geographical location of a state have on its political landscape?

It influences the availability of resources, such as access to the sea.

How did the Peace of Westphalia (1648) reinvent the global political landscape?

It introduced the concept of sovereign nation-states that had the right to order their own affairs.

Which statement is true regarding carbon tax?

It is a market-based policy built on incentives.

How does amenity migration differ from other forms of migration?

It is driven less by need and more by a desire for things like recreation, culture, and real estate.

How does increased roadway congestion contribute to rising emissions?

It lengthens commute times, resulting in more burned fuel.

What is a benefit of amenity migration?

It offers a financial boost to underdeveloped towns.

Why does the International Labor Rights Forum endorse the recommendation that migrant workers have the freedom to change their employers?

It will lessen the likelihood of forced labor, debt bondage, and trafficking.

Why would a carbon tax be more beneficial in combating climate change than government mandates?

It would be more broadly applicable and would bring in money to the government for other policies.

What makes black carbon more dangerous than other fossil fuel emissions?

Its tiny size is easily ingested by humans, resulting in serious health concerns.

How can amenity migrants in Europe who experience cross-cultural discrimination increase their levels of life satisfaction?

Maintain, via social media and technology, ties with the home country and original language.

What is a drawback of collective defense?

Member states may be drawn into conflicts that do not directly impact them.

What is the root cause of the challenges faced by seasonal workers in West Bengal, India?

Migrants often arrive without employee contracts and are desperate for jobs to fund needed remittances to send home.

Which paradox do many cities face when it comes to immigration?

New immigrants may cause a short-term scarcity of jobs, but their arrival and continued presence in cities is necessary for economic growth and the addition of more jobs.

What is the connection between soils and greenhouse gas emissions?

Overfarming and overdevelopment of soil leads to an increase in the release of greenhouse gasses.

Which statement explains one ecological impact of global population growth?

Overuse results in a scarcity of available natural resources.

Cocoa plants, from which chocolate is made, grow in certain areas close to the equator. Countries such as Ghana, Nigeria, Indonesia, Brazil, and Malaysia produce most of the world's cocoa. Which statement explains this?

Physical geography affects local economies.

Which statement describes the significance of carbon sequestration?

Sequestration keeps carbon from recycling into the atmosphere.

Why is spatial data considered so valuable?

The ability to track location has applications for businesses, governments, and individuals.

How did the court rule on the cases brought forth by Australian and New Zealand refugees?

The court refused to grant international protection status to any of the refugee applicants.

Which statements describe the relationship between urbanization and industrialization in the nineteenth century?

The establishment of factories in cities and the rise in economic opportunity led large numbers of people to move to urban areas.

Which item explains how humans were first linked to physical geography?

The first humans became reliant on their natural environments for materials and energy.

What is the best definition of "the social cost of carbon"?

The monetary total of global damages caused by carbon dioxide emissions at a given point in time.

What is the primary advantage of a carbon tax versus a cap-and-trade system?

The revenue from a carbon tax is immediate and can be applied to reducing taxes and costs elsewhere.

Which item accurately describes the study of human geography?

The study of human evolution, economic, and migratory patterns across the planet

Which statement is the most accurate definition of physical geography?

The study of the earth and each of its natural components.

What role does social trust play in the degree to which immigrants are accepted?

Those who exhibit high levels of social trust are less likely to feel prejudice toward immigrants.

How does deforestation contribute to climate change?

Through the release of carbon and other greenhouse gases

How are satellites and weather balloons used with climate change model data?

To confirm predictions

How does deforestation of forests contribute to climate change?

Trees act as storage for carbon, so when they are cut down and burned, that carbon is released.

Which example reflects how climate change contributes to the global refugee situation?

Tropical Cyclone Amphan destroys millions of homes in Bangladesh.

How can labor rights be linked with migration?

When workers organize, some companies threaten to move to other countries.

What is an advantage of temporary work visa programs?

Workers can earn more money while still maintaining their cultural roots.

Which scenario reflects how push and pull factors work together to influence migration?

food service worker loses work in his country due to religious persecution and moves to a country with a booming service industry.