Introduction to Psychology

Rats show a behavior where they will keep pressing a lever in order to receive stimulation that will release _____ into the _____.

dopamine; nucleus accumbens

Agonist

mimic the neurotransmitter or facilitate the release of neurotransmitter

Withdrawal symptoms

A physical or psychological problem that results from stopping the use of a drug. For certain drugs, withdrawal can be life threatening.

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?

Sleep deprivation often causes ADHD

Antagonist

oppose or block neurotransmitter activity

Tolerance

A decrease in the effects of a drug resulting from repeated use.

Psychological dependence

a psychological, emotional need for the drug (craving), and may use the drug to relieve psychological distress

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

consciousness

The somatosensory cortex (also called the sensory cortex) is responsible for processing

information from the body such as touch, pain, temperature

An action potential involves Na+ moving _____ the cell and K+ moving ____ the cell

inside; outside

Rachelle suffers a head injury, and can no longer move her right hand. What area is likely affected?

left motor cortex

Sunil suffers a stroke and loses the ability to manipulate objects with his left hand. However, after rehabilitation he can now use his left hand to write with a pen. What concept does this exemplify?

neuroplasticity

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world

circadian

Physical dependence

changes in the body that produce intense physical withdrawal symptoms when the drug taking is stopped.

If the postsynaptic potential is ______, then the cell is ______ likely to fire an action potential

depolarizing; more

Liam sees a giant spider. This is likely a result:

sympathetic nervous system activation

The space between two neurons (where they connect) is called the _________.

synapse