Introduction to Psychology HW 1

A sample consists of multiple populations.

F

According to structuralists, maladaptive behavior patterns tend to drop out, and only the fittest behavior patterns survive.

F

According to the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, animals cannot be harmed under any circumstance while conducting research.

F

Correlations allow us to determine causality.

F

Charlie the Chimp saw that the bananas he wanted were out of his reach. He thought for a while and quickly realized he could stack boxes to reach them. Which researcher most likely set up this test of insight?

Kohler

As opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined.

T

According to the American Psychological Association's Handbooks of Ethics in Psychology, which of the following criteria must be met for psychologists to use deception in their experiments?

The participants are debriefed afterward

According to the psychoanalytic approach, a good majority of what influences our behavior is ________.

an emphasis on unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in childhood conflicts

Brandon is a psychologist who is studying the relationship between heredity and mood disorders. He strongly believes that behavior and mental processes have a connection with the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution. Brandon's beliefs are most consistent with which perspective?

biological

An association among variables is known as ________.

correlation

Alejandro is participating in a study of a drug that is supposed to increase reaction time and foot speed. If neither he nor the researcher knows if Alejandro got the real drug or the placebo, what kind of study is it?

double blind

According to the biological perspective of psychology, what interacts with inherited factors to determine specific behavior and mental processes?

environmental factors

Breonna insists racism is only present if a person violently attacks someone of another race while spewing racial slurs, but Jacqueline believes that racism happens when someone supports policies that benefit one group over another. On which point and aspect of critical thinking do Breonna and Jacqueline disagree?

examine definitions of terms

Culturally defined concepts of masculinity and femininity are described as which of the following?

gender

Caroline is a psychologist who studies how stress induces ailments such as heart problems and headaches. Some of her clients are smokers, and she is helping them quit smoking. She also suggests lifestyle changes to her clients to help them reduce and cope with stress. Caroline can best be described as a(n) ________.

health psychologist

A person in which field primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work?

industrial psychologist

A participant's agreement to participate in research after receiving information about the purposes of the study and the nature of the treatments is referred to as ________.

informed consent

Alex uses his podcast to spread his conspiracy theory that chimpanzees set wildfires as revenge for being subject to experimentation. If Tempie demands proof, what aspect of critical thinking are they using?

insist on evidence

Amelia is a general physician. One of her patients claimed to be suffering from constant stomach aches. After running some tests, Amelia concludes that the patient is not suffering from any medical disorder. However, the patient insisted that she has stomach cancer. The patient then volunteered for a medical trial where she was given a pill with a new medication while participants in the trial were given sugar pills. This best exemplifies ________.

placebo

Alex is trying to overcome their shyness. The therapist asks to talk about their childhood, looking for unconscious conflicts. Alex's therapist is most likely following which school of thought?

psychoanalytic

A source of bias that may occur in research findings when participants are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment in a scientific study is called a ________.

selection factor

A hypothesis is a ________.

statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research

B. F. Skinner proposed ________.

that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a positive outcome

As discussed in your text, the Literary Digest incorrectly predicted Alf Landon to win the 1936 presidential election over Franklin D. Roosevelt. What is believed to be the primary source of their error?

the sample

An error in research reflecting the prospect that people who offer to participate in research studies differ systematically from people who do not is known as ________.

volunteer bias