Introduction to Science 8 Terms

Line Graph Purpose

For change over time

Bar Graph Purpose

For comparison

Scientific Method

a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.

Axis

a straight line, sometimes seen, sometimes not, that is important in mathematics, art, science and our survival. The most famous axis is the one the earth spins around, giving us the 24-hour day.

Hypothesis

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Observation

an act or instance of viewing or noting a fact or occurrence for some scientific or other special purpose: the observation of blood pressure under stress. 6. the information or record secured by such an act.

Controlled Experiment

an independent variable is the only factor that is allowed to be adjusted, with the dependent variable as the factor that the independent variable will affect.

Variable Perameter

an input and output parameter meaning it can be used for passing a value to a function or procedure, as well as to get back a value from a function or procedure. It is indicated by the use of the keyword var in front of the formal parameter.

Indipendant Variable

the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment. these are the variables that the experimenter changes to test their dependent variable. The effect on the dependent variable is measured and recorded

Theory

this is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. these are reliable accounts of the real world.

Data

this is defined as information collected using specific methods for a specific purpose of studying or analyzing. this is collected in a lab experiment done under controlled conditions is an example of scientific data.

Reproducability

this is the ability of an entire experiment or study to be duplicated, either by the same researcher or by someone else working independently. this is called replicating an experiment. this is one of the main principles of the scientific method.

Dependant Variable

this is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. this responds to the independent variable.

Law

- a statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspects of the universe. - always applies under the same conditions, and implies that there is a causal relationship involving its elements.

Precision

-this refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other.

Accuracy

Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value.

Controlled Perameter

Also called control. Statistics. a person, group, event, etc., that is used as a constant and unchanging standard of comparison in scientific experimentation.