Introspection

"I Spy" Experiment

(Phenomenal will) Manipulation of priority. Confederate and subject. Mouse stops due to confederate, subject more likely to think she was the one who initiated the stop

Nisbett & Wilson's view of Introspective Opacity

Believe that when people attempt to report on their cognitive processes they do not do it on the basis on introspection but, they base them on implicit casual theories.

Theory of Mind

Explaining each others behavior through appealing to beliefs or desires. (Shelby went to the store because she wanted cake, and believed the store had cake)

Case of H.M.

H.M surgery and could not form new episodic memories but he told few stories about his childhood in Connecticut. He identified himself as the boy he was when he was young

Split Brain vrs. ego theory

If we identify "person" with "subject of experience" then we get two persons in one body

Confabulation argument

People confabulate attribution of their own propositional attitude events, while being under the impression that they are introspecting ("I used to build railroads when I was 13.. maybe that's why I'm used to electric shock")

Protocol analysis

Solving a problem while speaking your thoughts step by step of how you find the answer.

Ego depletion: experiments

Stroop task, Stimulus detection task

Illusions of control

Subject has the feeling of consciously willing (experiences phenomenal will), but doesn't actually cause any action. (Ex. superstitions, jinxes, lucky charms)

Shock Study

Subjects given extremely high voltage shocks and also given a placebo pill (people who described symptoms as being shock like felt a greater shock)

Ego theory

The continued existence of an Ego (or subject of experiences) explains a person's continued existence over time.

What is introspection?

To access ones own mental states and/or processes. Ones own beliefs/desires, causes of decisions, and emotional states.

Introspective transparency

UNLIMITED access to one's own mental states and processes (self-knowledge).

Introspective Opacity

VERY LIMITED access to one's own mental states and/or processes.

Empirical control (E-will)

What is CAUSED when you act (Physical brain events)

Phenomenal control (P-will)

What you FEEL when you act (feeling of control, ownership, etc.)

Comparator model

gives us an account of why it feels different to act vrs. being acted on

Semantic memory

long-term memory that processes ideas and concepts that are not drawn from personal experience. Semantic memory includes things that are common knowledge, such as the names of colors, the sounds of letters, the capitals of countries and other basic facts acquired over a lifetime.

Proprioception

not crucial to bodily action

Split Brain studies

part of brain is severed, disconnecting both hemispheres. Creates a situation in which the subject's verbal behavior becomes dissociated from what is happening in the right hemisphere.

Bundle theory (Humes)

self is nothing but a collection of different perceptions or experiences. (EX desire to finish book, memory of grandparents, desire my kids behave)

Replenishing willpower

sugar, sleep, meditation

Determinism

the doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will. Some philosophers have taken determinism to imply that individual human beings have no free will and cannot be held morally responsible for their actions.

Episodic memory

the memory of autobiographical events (times, places, associated emotions, and other contextual who, what, when, where, why knowledge) that can be explicitly stated. It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place

Self-agency

the sense that I am the source of the action

Self-ownership

the sense that it is my body that is moving

Dissonance Reduction

weak reason (high dissonance) should compensate by reacting less strongly to the shocks. More likely to say shock was less intense and show lower GSRs than low dissonance subjects