INTW 1325 - Competency 1

Link State Routing Protocol

A type of routing protocol that enables routers to share information beyond neighboring routers, after which each router can independently map the network and determine the best path between itself and a message's destination node.

IP Address

A unique Network layer address assigned to each node on a TCP/IP network.

____________ determines standards for the electronics industry and other fields, such as chemical and nuclear engineering, health and safety, and construction. IEEE ISO ANSI ITU

ANSI

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol: The application layer TCP/IP subprotocol responsible for moving messages from one email server to another. Mail Services

SNMP2/3

Simple Network Management Protocol, versions 2 & 3: (v2) Faster performance and slightly better security. (v3) Authentication, validation, and encryption for messages exchanged between managed devices and the network management console. TCP/IP Management

Transport - Function

Solves issues with transmission/reception of packets. Ensures packets are delivered error free in sequence with no loss. [SEGMENT or DATAGRAM]

____________________ are documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria that stipulate how a particular product or service should be designed or performed.

Standards

Transport - Protocols

TCP (Transmission Control Pr.); SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange); UDP (User Datagram Pr.)

bandwidth

The amount of traffic, or data transmission activity, on a network.

IPv4 - 0.0.0.0

currently unassigned

In dotted decimal notation, a(n) ____ separates each decimal. dash slash colon period

period

SIP

Session Initiation Protocol: A set of Application layer signaling and control protocols for multiservice, packet-based networks. Used to make an initial connection between hosts for transferring multimedia data. TCP/IP VoIP

Latency

The delay between the transmission of a signal and its receipt

Frames

The entire Data Link layer message, including the header, payload, and trailer.

Packets

The entire Network layer message, which includes the segment (TCP) or datagram (UDP) from the Transport layer, plus the Network layer header

Convergence

The use of data networks to carry voice, video, and other communications services in addition to data.

DHCP port

67,68

HTTP port

80

Before you connect to your office network, you want to verify that your workstation's TCP/IPv6 protocols are functioning. Which of the following addresses do you ping? ::1 FE08::0 0::0 1::1

::1

Switch

A connectivity device that logically subdivides a network into smaller, individual collision domains. A switch operates at the Data Link layer and can interpret MAC address information to determine whether to filter (discard) or forward packets it receives.

Routing Table

A database stored in a router's memory that maintains information about the location of hosts and best paths for forwarding packets to them.

Which of the following provides a connectionless datagram service and functions at the Network layer?

IP

What is the network ID for a network that contains the group of IP addresses from 194.73.44.10 through 194.73.44.254 and is not subnetted?

194.73.44.0

Presentation - Function

"Network Translator" - responsible for protocol conversion, encryption, compression

Segments

(1) A unit of data that results from subdividing a larger protocol data unit. (2) A part of a network. Usually, a segment is composed of a group of nodes that share the same communications channel for all their traffic.

Spanning-Tree Protocol

(STP) A switching protocol that operates in the Data Link layer to prevent traffic loops by calculating paths that avoid potential loops and by artificially blocking links that would complete a loop.

IPv4 - Class A

1.x.y.z to 126.x.y.z Subnet mask: 255.0.0.0

The standard message format specified by SMTP allows for lines that contain no more than ____ ASCII characters. 100 1000 10,000 1,000,000

1000

POP3 (Post Office Protocol, version 3) relies on TCP and operates over port ____. 25 11 110 250

110

IPv4 - Class B

128.0.x.y to 191.255.x.y Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

IMAP port

143

IPv4 - Class C

192.0.0.x to 223.255.255.x Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

FTP port

20,21

SSH port

22

TELNET port

23

SMTP port

25

Suppose your computer's IP address is 155.61.9.188, and your network administrator has not subnetted the network to which you're connected. What is your computer's subnet mask?

255.255.0.0

In IPv4 addressing, each IP address is a unique ____ number. 12-bit 32-bit 64-bit 128-bit

32-bit

RDP port

3389

How many bytes are used for an IPv4 address? 4 16 31 64

4

HTTPS port

443

What is the default port for HTTPS? 21 53 80 443

443

DNS port

53

Which of the following ports would be used during a domain name lookup?

53

Router

A Layer 3 device that uses logical addressing information to direct data between two or more networks and can help find the best path for traffic to get from one network to another.

Dynamic DNS

A method of dynamically updating DNS records for a host. DDNS monitoring software reports IP address changes to the DDNS service, which automatically updates DNS records.

Dynamic Routing

A method of routing that automatically calculates the best path between two networks and accumulates this information in a routing table.

Hybrid Routing Protocol

A routing protocol that exhibits characteristics of both distance vector and link state.

DNS Server

A server that contains a database of TCP/IP host names and their associated IP addresses. A DNS server supplies a resolver with the requested information.

Subnetting

A smaller network within a larger network in which all nodes share a network addressing component and a fixed amount of bandwidth.

Static Routing

A technique in which a network administrator programs a router to use specific paths between networks.

TELNET

A terminal emulation protocol used to log on to remote hosts using the TCP/IP protocol, application layer

IPv6 - Unicast

A type of IPv6 address that represents a single node on a network

IPv6 - Multicast

A type of IPv6 address that represents multiple interfaces, often on multiple nodes

ARP

Address Resolution Protocol: A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that belongs in the network layers. ARP obtains the MAC (physical) address of a host, or node, and then creates a local database that maps the MAC address to the host's IP (logical) address. TCP/IP Core

A record

Address: A type of DNS data record that maps the IPv4 address of an Internet-connected device to its domain name.

Suppose you send data to the 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 IP address on an IPv4 network. To what device(s) are you transmitting?

All devices on your network segment

Application - Function

Allows application processes to access network services and manages communication between apps. [PAYLOAD or DATA]

ANSI

American National Standard Institute (networking standard organization) screen display attributes; digital telecommunications, fiber optic cable transmissions

Public IP Addresses

An IP address that is valid for use on public networks, such as the Internet

Hub

An outdated connectivity device that belongs to the Physical layer of the OSI model and retransmits incoming data signals to its multiple ports.

Whether connecting to the Internet or to another computer within a LAN, every node on a network must have a unique ____________________.

IP Address

NIC

Network Interface Card - enables a workstation to connect to the network and communicate with other computers. Also called network adaptors.

AAAA record

Authentication, Authorization, Accounting, and Address: A type of DNS data record that maps the IPv6 address of an Internet-connected device to its domain name.

APIPA

Automatic Private IP Addressing: automatically assigns the computer's network interface a link-local IP address.

In IPv4 addressing, a node with an IP address of 168.34.88.29 belongs to a Class ____ network.

B

In IPv4 addressing, a node with an IP address of 168.34.88.29 belongs to a Class ____ network. A B C D

B

In IPv4 addressing, an IP address whose first octet is in the range of 192-223 belongs to a Class ____ network. A B C D

C

CNAME record

Canonical Name: A type of DNS data record that holds alternative names for a host

CIDR

Classless Interdomain Routing: An IP addressing and subnetting method in which network and host information is manipulated without adhering to the limitations imposed by traditional network class distinctions.

____________________ protocols establish a connection with another node before they begin transmitting data.

Connection Oriented

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding DHCP servers? DHCP server software will never make a mistake Reduces time needed for IP address planning Reduces error associated with IP assignment Enables hardware move without TCP/IP reconfiguration

DHCP server software will never make a mistake

Traditional switches operate at the ____ layer of the OSI model.

Data Link

Which layer of the OSI model encapsulates Network layer packets? Physical layer Session layer Data Link layer Transport layer

Data Link Layer

Which of the following functions does SIP perform on a VoIP network? (Choose all that apply.)

Determines the locations of the endpoints & establishes sessions between endpoints

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol: An Application Layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite that manages the dynamic distribution of IP address on a network. Can nearly eliminate duplicate addressing problems.

EIA/TIA

Electronic Industries Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association (network standard org) Cable management problems

EUI - 64

Extended Unique Identifier - 64: 64-bit physical addresses.

EGP

Exterior Gateway Protocol: A type of routing protocol used by border routers and exterior routers to distribute data outside of autonomous systems.

App, Pres, Sess - Protocols

FTP (file transfer pr.); HTTP (hypertext transfer pr.); SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Pr.); SNMP (Simple Network Management Pr.); DNS (Domain Name Server); DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Pr.)

FTP

File Transfer Protocol (ports 20,21): An Application layer protocol used to send and receive files via TCP/IP.

____ are combinations of networking hardware and software that connect two dissimilar kinds of networks. Routers Switches Gateways Broadcast domains

Gateways

You are helping a user who cannot connect to the Internet from her wireless workstation on your company's LAN. After determining that she is the only user having this problem, and that user error is not the problem's cause, what is the next thing you check?

Her workstation's wireless connection configuration

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (port 80): An application layer protocol that formulates and interprets request between Web clients and servers.

What Network layer protocol does the traceroute utility use to obtain its information about paths between a source and destination?

ICMP

Private IP address

IP addresses that can be used on a private network but not on the Internet.

____ describes the use of any network to carry voice signals using the TCP/IP protocol. Telephony Internet telephony IP telephony Voice telephony

IP telephony

Network - Protocols

IPX (Internetwork Exchange Pr.); IP (Internet Pr.); ICMP (Internet Control Message Pr.); IGMP (Internet Group Message Pr.); RIP (Routing Information Pr.); OSPF (Open Shortest Path First); ARP (Address Resolution Pr.); RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Pro.)

IPv6 - Anycast

Identifies multiple destinations and delivers the packets to the closest destination.

IEEE

Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (networking standard org) Develops networking standards for network cabling and data transmissions (802 standards)

IGP

Interior Gateway Protocol: A type of routing protocol, such as OSPF or IS-IS, used by interior routers and border routers within autonomous systems.

ITU

International Organization of Standardization (network standard org) Establishes communications and networking standards; Known for its contributions to network protocol standards

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol: A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that notifies the sender that something has gone wrong in the transmission process and that packets were not delivered. TCP/IP Core

IGMP

Internet Group Management Protocol: A network layer protocol used on IPv4 networks to manage multicast transmissions. Routers use IGMP to determine which nodes belong to a multicast group, and nodes use IGMP to join or leave a multicast group. TCP/IP Core

IMAP4

Internet Message Access Protocol, version4: The most commonly used form of the IMAP ... a mail retrieval protocol that improves on the shortcomings of POP. It allows users to store messages on the mail server, rather than always having to download them to the local machine. Mail Services

ISOC

Internet Society (network standard org) Oversees internet standards

IETF

Internet Society and the Internet Engineering Task Force (network standard org) Works on internet-related technical issues such as routing

What is the purpose of an AAAA resource record in your DNS zone file?

It identifies a host's IPv6 address

A packet on a network using the RIP routing method has been passed from one connectivity device to another 15 times. What happens when it gets passed to one more device? It is returned to the node that originally transmitted it. It is encapsulated by the routing protocol and retransmitted. It is forwarded to its destination by the last device. It is discarded.

It is discarded.

Which of the following layers is the presentation layer? Layer 3 Layer 5 Layer 6 Layer 7

Layer 6

Broadcast Domain

Logically grouped network nodes that can communicate directly via broadcast transmissions. Switches and repeating devices (hubs) extend broadcast domains. Routers and other Layer 3 devices separate broadcast domains.

MX record

Mail Exchanger: A type of DNS data record that identifies a mail server and that is used for email traffic.

MTU

Maximum Transmission Unit: The largest IP packet size in bytes allowable by routers in a path without fragmentation and excluding the frame size.

MAC address

Media Access Control - a network interface identified that includes the OUI and the extension identifier

The most popular mail server programs are Sendmail and ____. Eudora Microsoft Outlook AOL mail Microsoft Exchange Server

Microsoft Exchange Server

Data Link - Protocols

NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification); ODI (Open Data-Link Interface)

NTP

Network Time Protocol: A simple Application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite used to synchronize the clocks of computers on a network.

OSPF

Open Shortest Path First: An IGP and link-state routing protocol that makes up for some of the limitations of RIP and coexist with RIP on a network.

Which DNS record type will contain pointer to a canonical name? CNAME AAAA A PTR MX

PTR

Which OSI model layer generates and detects voltage so as to transmit and receive signals carrying data? Physical layer Data Link layer Network layer Transport layer

Physical

In which two layers of the OSI model do NICs belong?

Physical and Data Link Layers

PTR record

Pointer: A type of DNS data record that is used for reverse lookups, to provide a host name when the IP address is known.

POP3

Post Office Protocol, version 3: The most commonly used form of the POP. ... An application layer protocol used to retrieve messages from a mail server. When a client receives mail via POP, messages previously stored on the mail server are downloaded to the clients workstation, and then deleted from the mail server. Mail Services

Routing Metric

Properties of a route used by routing protocols to determine the best path to a destination when various paths are available. Routing metrics may be calculated using several variables, including hop count, bandwidth, delay, MTU, cost, and reliability.

Session - Function

Provides synchronization between tasks. Implements dialogue control between communicating processes by regulating which side transmits, when and for how long. Allows 2 apps to connect and communicate on network in a session.

Physical - Functions

Put data (raw bits) into the cable. Take data out of the cable. [BIT]

RTP

Real Time Transport Protocol: An Application layer protocol used with voice and video transmission. RTP operates on top of UDP and provides information about packet sequence to help receiving nodes detect delay and packet loss. Also assigns packets a time stamp that corresponds to when the data in the packet was sampled from the voice or video stream. This time stamp helps the receiving node synchronize incoming data. TCP/IP VoIP

____ is the process of reconstructing segmented data.

Reassembly

Ports ranging from 1024 to 49151; accessible to network users and processes that do not have special administrative privileges are called ___________. Well-known prots Dyanmic ports Registered ports Non-Special ports

Registered ports

If the TCP protocol did not receive an acknowledgment for data it transmitted, what would it do?

Retransmit the data to the recipient

Which of the following devices separates broadcast domains?

Router

Which of the following devices separates broadcast domains? Hub Switch Bridge Repeater Router

Router

RIP

Routing Information Protocol: The oldest routing protocol that is still widely used, RIP, is a distance-vector protocol that uses hop count as its routing metric and allows up to only 15 hops.

What protocol is used to transfer mail between a Sendmail server and a Microsoft Exchange server?

SMTP

TCP/IP Mail Services Protocols

SMTP, MIME, POP3, IMAP4

Which of the following protocols is commonly used for communication between network management agents and applications? IMAP SMTP NTP SNMP

SNMP

TCP/IP Management Protocols

SNMP2/3

TCP/IP Secure Protocols

SSL, HTTPS, TLS, SSH, SFTP

To eliminate the possibility of a broadcast storm, switches and bridges implement the ____. RIP (Routing Information Protocol) STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) protocol

STP

SFTP

Secure File Transfer Protocol: A protocol available with the propriety version of SSH that copies files between hosts securely. First establishes a connection with a host and then allows a remote user to browse directories, list files, and copy files. Also encrypts data before transmitting it. TCP/IP Secure

SSH

Secure Shell: A connection utility that provides authentication and encryption. You can securely log on to a host, execute commands on the host, and copy files to or from that host. Encrypts data exchanged throughout the session. TCP/IP Secure

SSL

Secure Sockets Layer: A method of encrypting TCP/IP transmissions en route between the client and server using public key encryption technology. TCP/IP Secure

Transport layer protocols break large data units into ____. PDUs segments frames packets

Segments

Data Link - Functions

Sends data frames from Network to Physical. Packages raw bits into data frames. [FRAME]

Which of the following distinguishes switches from repeating devices, such as hubs? Switches separate collision domains. Switches separate broadcast domains. Switches can alert the network administrator to high data collision rates. Switches do not examine Network layer protocol information, which makes them faster than repeating devices.

Switches separate collision domains.

TCP/IP Core Protocols

TCP/IP, TCP, UDP, IP, IGMP, ARP, ICMP

TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols

TELNET, FTP, TFTP, NTP, HTTP, DHCP

Your supervisor has asked you to correct several cable management problems that might be slowing down the network. Which organization's standards will guide you in assessing your firm's current cabling situation?

TIA/EIA

Not all Transport layer protocols are concerned with reliability. True False

TRUE

Collision Domain

The portion of an Ethernet network in which collisions could occur if two nodes transmit data at the same time. Switches and routers separate collision domains.

Distance Vector Routing Protocol

The simplest type of routing protocols; used to determine the best route for data based on the distance to a destination.

How do bridges keep track of whether they should forward or filter frames?

They maintain a filtering database that identifies which frames can be filtered and which should be forwarded, based on their destination MAC address.

Network - Functions

Translates addresses from logical to physical; determines routes; manages packet switching and routing; breaks down data chunks if needed; reassembles data chunks. [PACKET]

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol: A suite of networking protocols that includes TCP, IP, UDP, and others. Provides the foundation for data exchange across the Internet. TCP/IP Core

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol: A core protocol of the TCP/IP suite that makes a connection with the end host, checks whether data is received, and resends it if it is not. TCP/IPCore

The ________ layer manages end-to-end delivery of data.

Transport

Which OSI layer delivers data without any errors and in the proper sequence? Application Presentation Session Transport

Transport

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (port 69): A TCP/IP Application layer protocol that is seldom used by humans. Computers commonly use it as they are booting up to request configuration files from another computer on the local network.

You are using Skype to initiate a video call with a friend in another state. Which of the following protocols is generating segments at the Transport layer of this transmission? ICMP TCP FTP UDP

UDP

UDP

User Datagram Protocol: A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that does not guarantee delivery because it does not first make the connection before sending data or check to confirm the data is received. TCP/IP Core

VLAN (802.1q)

Virtual Local Area Network: A network within a network that is logically defined by grouping ports on a switch so that some of the local traffic on the switch is forced to go through a router.

TCP/IP VoIP Protocols

VoIP, SIP, RTP

Under what circumstances would the Transport layer use segmentation? When too many data frames are flooding into a receiving node's NIC When more than 10 percent of transmitted frames are damaged When the destination node cannot accept the size of the data blocks transmitted by the source node When the source node requests that data blocks be segmented for faster processing

When the destination node cannot accept the size of the data blocks transmitted by the source node

UDP is __________________

connectionless

Switches that operate anywhere between Layer 4 and Layer 7 are also known as ____ switches. peripheral STP content multiport

content

Which of the following would you use to connect networks using completely different protocols? repeater router gateway bridge

gateway

IPv4 - 127.0.0.1

indicates your own computer

Which TCP/IP protocol is a terminal emulation protocol and allows a user on a remote computer to access resources on another computer? SMTP FTP telnet ARP

telnet

IPv4 - 255.255.255.255

used for broadcast messages by TCP/IP