I/O Psych Quizzes

A group of employees answers customer questions about a new version of software. This group represents a(n):

... (not service team)

In the augmented framework of training criteria, trainees' feelings about the training program are categorized as:

... (not utility reactions)

Which statement accurately reflects research on managerial stress?

... not (Challenge-related stress is negatively related to searching for a job)

During an assessment center, an applicant must pretend to be a manager in a cosmetics company. She joins five other applicants in a conference room, and together, they learn that one of their makeup products is defective, and they must solve the problem. What assessment center exercise is MOST LIKELY being described here?

a leaderless group discussion

Which of these is NOT included in the profile of a lethal employee?

a pattern of excellent performance

A multiple regression helps organizations select an employee by providing:

a predicted performance score for each applicant

When LaShandra returns from training, her boss compliments her on her new skills and encourages her to keep practicing them and thus get even better. In this case, LaShandra's organization has:

a strong transfer climate

Jerika has to choose among four different ability tests. Of these options, which one represents the BEST choice?

a test with a validity coefficient of .30

Dan loves working as a plastic surgeon and often schedules extra surgeries in the evenings rather than spending time with his family. Dan is likely:

a workaholic

Shania is an I/O psychologist who spends her time designing surveys that supervisors can use to evaluate their subordinates. She also compiles results from these surveys and provides suggestions to supervisors about how to deal with employees who are underperforming. Shania's work primarily involves which area of emphasis?

performance appraisal

In organizational behavior management (OBM), the name of the ABC model of applied behavior analysis stands for:

antecedent, behavior, consequence

One way in which Biographical Information Blanks (BIBs) differ from application blanks is that BIBs:

ask questions that cover broad areas

Janice dislikes her job and does not believe that her work affects anyone in a meaningful way. According to the theory of planned behavior, Janice's negative feelings toward her job are her:

attitudes

According to self-determination theory, in order to be motivated, employees need to feel that they have personal control over their actions. This feeling is known as:

autonomy

When Javier conducts a job analysis, he uses the information gained to redesign the evaluations supervisors complete for people in that position. In this case, the job analysis will be helpful for:

performance appraisal

The study conducted by Day, Sin, and Chen (2004) on National Hockey League players indicated that:

performance improves when individuals were promoted to leadership roles

Performance appraisal data, employee self-nominations, and diagnostic testing can contribute to a _____ analysis, which can be used to identify those employees who need training.

person

Jacques highly values helping others and being cooperative. He is being recruited by an organization that focuses on making money at the expense of acting ethically. In this case, we might argue that this is an example of poor:

person-environment fit

Maggie wants to select applicants based on their predisposition to be dependable and hardworking across situations. Which selection test should she use for this purpose?

personality

There are two types of integrity tests: the overt integrity test and the:

personality-type integrity test

The general stress model suggests there are three major categories of strains: job-related, emotion-related, and:

physiological

Rani obtains a Cronbach's alpha of .20. Rani's measure has:

poor internal consistency

The study of human attributes, including well-being, optimism, creativity, and spirituality, is known as:

positive psychology

According to Fiedler, a favorable situation for leadership is defined by three dimensions that include:

positive relationships with subordinates, well-defined tasks, and decision-making power

In most college exams, students are given difficult multiple choice or essay questions and have adequate time to complete those questions. One would MOST LIKELY categorize these tests as:

power tests

Dr. Hawkins obtains a measure of applicant personality. Once applicants have been hired and have been in their positions for at least six months, Dr. Hawkins assesses their job performance. Dr. Hawkins is examining:

predictive validity

Independent variables are frequently referred to as:

predictors

The first step of programmed instruction involves:

presenting material broken down into small elements.

According to implicit leadership theory, one's mental representation of a leader is known as a:

prototype

The Hawthorne Studies illustrated that _____ conditions were more important than _____ conditions.

psychological; physical

When Kish-Gephart, Harrison, and Trevino (2010) talk about "bad apples" in terms of organizational ethics, they are referring to:

characteristics of people who make poor ethical choices

Aakil administers a test in which an applicant compares two lists of words and numbers and circles any instances where the pairs do not match. Aakil is administering a:

clerical ability test

The dark triad is composed of:

psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism

Job satisfaction consists of two components: an affective component and a(n) _____ component.

cognitive

Because people believe that mental functioning or intelligence is important for most jobs, _____ tests are among the most frequently used predictors in selection.

cognitive ability

Items such as "I am always prepared" and "I pay attention to details" MOST LIKELY measure which Big 5 personality trait?

conscientiousness

The leadership theories that formally take into account situational and contextual variables are referred to as:

contingency theories

Attachment to an organization because of what an employee has invested in it is known as:

continuance committment

Research has indicated that in terms of organizational citizenship behaviors and counterproductive work behaviors:

counterproductive work behaviors appear to be more strongly related to group and individual performance

Steven, a manager, is providing performance ratings for his employees. Chetana, one of his employees, has been doing a very poor job. However, Steven is worried her poor performance will reflect badly on him, so he rates her higher than she deserves. This undeserved high rating is an example of:

criterion bias

I/O researchers have often debated about how to measure performance appropriately. This area of debate and research is generally referred to as the:

criterion problem

According to _____, groups go through separate, orderly phases in their development; according to _____, groups oscillate between several phases, or may be in several phases at once.

Tuckman's stage model; punctuated equilibrium

_____ are groups in which the actions of individuals are interdependent, individuals hold a specific role, and common goals are shared across the group.

Work teams

Bowser's Gym requires that an applicant for a janitorial position be female because a primary duty of the job is cleaning the female locker room while women are using it. Bowser's requirement is an example of:

a BFOQ

Alberto validated his selection battery on one sample, and finds that it predicts performance. He then applies this selection strategy onto a different sample to see if it still works. This process is known as:

cross-validation

Fred is planning to conduct a job analysis of bus drivers and decides to survey incumbents to gather information about the job. This means he will be surveying:

current bus drivers

In many cases, it makes sense to set a minimum threshold for an applicant's score on a selection test. This minimum is known as the:

cutoff

Sean is an I/O psychologist who conducts surveys in his organization to determine what types of things might frustrate or upset employees. His goal is to find ways to help employees feel satisfied and proud of their work. Sean's work primarily involves which area of emphasis?

quality of work life

Monroe is a college professor who feels that she is well-regarded and respected by her students and her peers. According to Maslow, Monroe has reached the level of the needs hierarchy known as:

esteem

Based on the unraveling of companies such as Enron, WorldCom, Pfizer and Arthur Anderson, one topic that has received additional attention is:

ethics

Lily is conducting a study about emotions at work. She uses smartphone apps to signal participants at predetermined times to answer questions. Lily is using the data collection approach known as:

experience sampling methodology (ESM)

Recent research by Chen and colleagues (2011) suggests that intent to turnover increases the most when someone:

experiences a decrease in job satisfaction

Which research design is the ONLY design in which we can assert that one variable is causing another variable?

experimental research

Harold is the only employee in his restaurant who knows the secret recipe for its famous prize-winning apple pie. Harold has likely gained:

expert power

Recent research suggests that conscientiousness and _____ are related to the emergence of a leader.

extraversion

Teams with high variability on _____ and low variability on _____ tend to be the most effective.

extraversion; conscientiousness

Recent research has suggested that measuring _____ might be one way to identify faking on personality tests.

eye movements

One reason why computer-assisted instruction has great potential for training is that:

fast learners can progress quickly, while slower learners can receive more instruction and more examples

Research by Kluger and DeNisi (1996) indicated that nearly one-third of studies on feedback found that:

feedback had a negative effect on performance

The five areas that account for the largest portion of work conducted by I/O psychologists are training and development, performance appraisal, selection, organizational development, and:

quality of work life

An electrician handles phone inquiries and sets appointments to provide estimates. This behavior exemplifies the performance factor known as:

non-job-specific task proficiency

Sondra assesses the performance of her manufacturing employees by keeping track of how many of the products they produce are defective. This would be an example of a(n) _____ criteria.

objective

Fatima, a supervisor, rarely gets to see her employees interacting with customers, and as a result has a hard time rating them on this dimension of performance. Fatima has had difficulty in the cognitive processing stage known as:

observation

A case study is an example of a(n):

observational method

In organizations, a performance management system is implemented:

on a continuous cycle

Items such as "I spend time reflecting on things" and "I am quick to understand things" MOST LIKELY measure which Big 5 personality trait?

openness to experience

Amelia is angry with her boss for a negative performance review. To retaliate, she sneaks into his office and attempts to erase the hard drive on his computer. Her actions are an example of:

organization-motivated aggression

When Kish-Gephart, Harrison, and Trevino (2010) talk about "bad barrels" in terms of organizational ethics, they are referring to:

organizational characteristics that are defined by poor ethics.

Belinda is a new employee who attends a training seminar that teaches her about the history of her organization and its policies and gives her a tour of the facility. This type of training is known as:

organizational socialization

KSAOs constitute the knowledge, skills, abilities, and _____ someone must have for a job.

other characteristics

Jacki trains lifeguards on how to perform CPR. Although the lifeguards appear to have mastered the procedure, Jacki continues to have them practice CPR once a week so that it becomes second nature to them. Jacki is encouraging the process of:

overlearning

When Corinna was in school, she learned to save her work after every page just in case her computer crashed. Now she automatically saves her work after every page—she doesn't even notice she's doing it. This is an example of:

overlearning

Mimi is a supervisor with three subordinates—Alice, Blake, and Cleo. For performance appraisal purposes, she must first compare Alice to Blake, then Alice to Cleo, and finally Blake to Cleo. This procedure is known as a:

paired comparison

In conducting a Functional Job Analysis for the position of sales clerk, the task "greets customers" is linked to a requirement for the use of interpersonal resources such as courtesy. Both these are related to the _____ dimension.

people

In a statistical sense, the percentage of variance in the ultimate criterion that can be accounted for by the actual criterion is known as:

relevance

According to the two-factor theory, which of these is an example of a motivator?

responsibility

Allison documents her subordinates' performance activities on a weekly basis. When she needs to remember how well her subordinates have been performing, she can consult her documents. In this way, Allison can avoid errors in _____ when appraising her subordinates' performance.

retrieval

Pam, a dental hygienist, is never sure what her bosses (the dentists) expect from her. She is likely experiencing:

role ambiguity

A small amount of shrinkage indicates that:

the selection battery is valid and ready to use to select employees

What is one phenomenon that seems to affect SME job analysis ratings when the SME is an incumbent?

the self-serving bias

Katrina and four other students have been assigned to work as a group on a class project. Midway through the project, Katrina realizes she is the only one working and decides not to put forth any more effort. This outcome is called:

the sucker effect

Across all countries, research has found that the leadership traits that appear to be important are:

those that match cultural expectations

One important implication of downsizing is that:

those who are not laid off will need to handle more diverse jobs and heavier workloads.

In a data set, we note a strong relationship between motivation and happiness: Individuals with low motivation also demonstrate low happiness. Which correlation would MOST LIKELY describe this relationship?

+.50

Which correlation indicates the strongest relationship?

-.76

Approximately how many doctoral programs exist for I/O psychology and related fields?

... (not 220)

With respect to goal-setting theory, which of these statements is true?

... (not People perform best when their goals are specific and difficult)

Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical support for Alderfer's ERG theory?

... (not To date, there has not been any empirical research conducted on Alderfer's theory)

According to the theory of planned behavior, an individual's belief about how easy or difficult the performance of a behavior is likely to be is known as:

... (not a subjective norm)

Which of these is a growth opportunity positively related to job satisfaction?

... (not being given opportunities to improve leader-member relations)

Criterion _____ is the extent to which dimensions in the ultimate criterion measure are not part of the actual criterion measure.

... (not contamination)

Darnell works in HR. He notices in his HR data that managers who speak more than one language have more satisfied employees. He proposes the theory that language skills relate to better communication skills with subordinates. Darnell is using:

... (not deduction)

Magdalena, who is a manager, has a heavy workload, a high level of responsibility, and a lot of pressure to get her work done quickly. The type of stress she is experiencing is:

... (not demands-related)

Maslow's esteem and self-actualization needs correspond to Alderfer's _____ needs.

... (not existence)

According to research, teams will function best if all teammates have high levels of:

... (not extraversion)

Monique views herself as someone who has the skills and experience that make her highly valuable to her company. Monique possesses:

... (not generalized self-enhancement)

A _____ provides information about the direction and magnitude of the relationship between two or more variables.

... (not mean)

In job characteristics theory, core job dimensions directly influence:

... (not personal and work outcomes)

Which type of validity describes the extent to which test scores obtained at one time account for variance in criteria obtained at the same time?

... (not predictive validity)

Susan, a sales manager, believes she should accompany her sales representatives on sales calls. Curtis, who is also a sales manager, does not believe he should accompany sales representatives because he believes his sales representatives can handle clients on their own. Susan and Curtis have different ____ for being sales managers.

... (not role differentiation)

Which motivational theory suggests that social-contextual events that enhance perceptions of competence improve intrinsic motivation?

... (not self-evaluation theory)

According to Campbell's model of job performance, which of these is the BEST example of job-specific task proficiency?

A pilot successfully lands a plane

According to Campbell's model of job performance, which of these is the BEST example of maintaining personal discipline?

A tour guide spends her lunch break reading a history book that will allow her to make her tours more interesting for customers

_____ is a research center developed after World War II to continue military-related I/O research.

ARI

_____ is the tendency to respond to classes of environmental stimuli in predetermined, affect-based ways.

Affective disposition

Which method of job analysis is administered on the computer?

Common-Metric Questionnaire

_____ is the condition in which a measure assesses something that is not part of the ultimate criterion.

Criterion contamination

Initial research conducted in the poultry-processing industry has suggested that _____ experience lower levels of work-family conflict than other workers.

Latinos

_____ focuses on the reciprocal relationships between subordinates and leaders.

Leader-member exchange theory

Ryder needs to select team members based on their understanding of which people are important in different situations. Ryder should implement the:

Team Role Test

In the 1930s, the Department of Labor developed the _____, which was a resource that listed job tasks and duties attached to a job; this has since been replaced by the _____.

DOT; O*NET

Candace wants to proceed with a discrimination case against her employer, JLH Foods. The first step in this type of case involves:

Demonstration by Candace that the selection battery had an adverse impact on her

Which of these recommendations is supported by the job characteristics model?

Employees should understand how their efforts lead to meaningful outcomes

During which time period did I/O psychology begin to expand beyond the academic and military realms into government and private industry?

From World War 1 through the 1920s

_____ refer to a new workplace approach in which employees can negotiate with their supervisors about their job conditions and arrangements.

Idiosyncratic deals

Which measure is based on the theory of work adjustment?

Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire

Which statement about motivation is true?

Motivation involves sustaining work behaviors

_____ is a motivational system of individual performance improvement.

Performance management

The best-known job analysis method is the:

Position Analysis Questionnaire

_____ were a focus of much of the early research on performance appraisal.

Rating formats

_____ is the tension and friction that emerges in interpersonal associations and can harm team performance.

Relationship conflict

One of the university-based I/O psychology training programs that emphasized organizational issues rather than industrial issues was the:

Research Center for Group Dynamics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology

_____ is the process by which a group or organization establishes distinct roles for various members of a group.

Role differentiation

Which of these is NOT an assumption held by proponents of 360-degree feedback?

Self-ratings will be harsher than supervisor and peer ratings

_____ leadership is where one leads through personal integrity and is driven by a desire to assist other people.

Servant

Beula has a new measure of charisma. She finds that her measure correlates .75 with another measure of charisma and correlates .45 with a measure of kindness. Based on this information, which statement is true?

She has divergent validity of .45

The birth of organizational psychology has been viewed by many as marked by:

The Hawthorne Studies

What was one impact the civil rights movement of the 1960s had on I/O psychology?

There was an increased focus on racial differences on employment tests

What is one of the major strengths of subjective criteria for performance?

They are more likely to be about a behavior that employees have control over

Why might I/O researchers be particularly concerned about some of the findings related to implicit leadership theory (ILT)?

This theory indicates that subordinates' ratings of leaders may not reflect leaders' actual behaviors

_____ is a form of leadership where the interaction between leader and follower raises both to higher levels of motivation and morality than they would achieve individually.

Transformational leadership

An I/O psychologist interested in measuring performance decides to use supervisor ratings. Supervisor ratings are an example of a(n):

actual criterion

Emotional attachment to an organization, characterized by a strong belief in and acceptance of the organization's values, is known as:

affective commitment

Oishi is learning to drive a car. Because she will ultimately need to perform many different tasks at once, it is best for her to learn:

all the tasks at once

A department store manager wants to foster positive employee reactions toward its appraisal system. An I/O psychologist should suggest that the manager:

allow employees to participate in meetings to improve the rating scales

Zac, who works at a children's photography studio, is often required to act happy, laugh, and be excited in order to get the children to smile. The type of emotion regulation that Zac displays is referred to as:

amplification

Which of these is an example of the contextual performance dimension known as civic virtue?

an engineer who always turns in technical reports on time and who follows safety procedures

A local swimming pool does not use any selection tests. Forty percent of the lifeguards employed at this swimming pool are identified as being successful at the job. This percentage represents the:

base rate

An interviewer says, "Tell me about a time when you had a conflict with a coworker." This would be an example of a(n) _____ interview.

behavior description

A manager has observed sexual harassment in her team. Several of the men on the team believe that making sexual jokes does not constitute sexual harassment. According to research, she should implement sexual harassment training that employs:

behavior modeling

According to Kirkpatrick's (1976) taxonomy of training criteria, _____ criteria are the training criteria MOST closely linked to transfer of training.

behavioral

Haseem uses technology, such as voicemail, caller ID, and email, to keep his work life separate from his home life. This type of boundary-setting is _____ in nature.

behavioral

Greta is not at all bothered when she has been underrewarded for her work. According to recent research on equity sensitivity, Greta is MOST likely a(n):

benevolent

New research examining equity sensitivity suggests that _____ are fairly tolerant of underreward inequity, whereas _____ are fairly tolerant of overreward inequity

benevolents; entitleds

Approximately how much variance in performance is explained by cognitive ability?

between 25% and 35%

Galenia's team generates solutions and then provides information about each solution to the chairperson, who ultimately makes the decision. In this case, Galenia's group is using which process of decision-making?

delegating

Zora works in an organization in which a fair number of employees are older adults who have limited experience with new technology. As she needs to understand how and in what areas this group might need training, she should conduct a(n) _____ analysis.

demographic

Nick is determining what training older employees need in cutting-edge computer technology. Nick is likely conducting a:

demographic analysis

According to Campbell, which of the three dimensions of performance are necessary components of every job?

demonstrating job-specific task proficiency, demonstrating effort, and maintaining personal discipline

In an experiment, the variable of interest—that is, the variable the experiment is designed to assess—is known as the:

dependent variable

"Criteria," "outcomes," and "consequences" are all words we might use to describe:

dependent variables

The focus of the Common-Metric Questionnaire is on:

describing jobs at a level of difficulty that allows the descriptions to be compared across jobs

Which of these is a goal of science?

description

A scientist who believes that behavior is orderly and systematic and does not happen by chance holds the basic assumption of science known as:

determinism

Which of these is a component of work motivation?

directing effort

A case involving an employment procedure that intentionally discriminates against a group is known as a:

disparate treatment case

A recent Supreme Court ruling on affirmative action held that:

diversity on a police force in a racially diverse population is more important than diversity in a university

The criterion problem is characterized by two elements. First, practitioners must decide between using multiple or composite criteria. Second, practitioners must determine how to address:

dynamic criteria

A researcher finds that the performance of managers notably improves once managers have been in their position for six months. Because the managers' performance predictably changes over time, this might be an example of:

dynamic performance

If a leader is able to influence his or her work group to produce successful, long-term performance, that leader is:

effective

Employees whose true feelings are different from the emotions they project on their jobs are experiencing:

emotional dissonance

Burnout is characterized by depersonalization, reduced personal accomplishment, and:

emotional exhaustion

Lucifer, who is a police officer, often feels overextended by his work. The dimension of burnout Lucifer is experiencing is:

emotional exhaustion

Which of these is a category of work strain?

emotional strain

One emerging issue in workplace diversity is value differences among:

employees of different generations

Initial research on feedforward interviews (FFIs) found that:

employees who underwent FFIs improved their performance more than employees who underwent traditional performance appraisals

Research in South Korea suggests that leaders high in emotional intelligence are effective because they:

engage in more transformational behaviors

Greg, a manager at a car repair shop, must identify one-third of his mechanics as above average, one-third as average, and one-third below average. Greg is being asked to use a:

forced distribution

The first step in any research project is to:

formulate testable hypotheses

Kerri is a member of a work group of graphic designers who have been asked to design a billboard. She thinks that the billboard is effectively being completed by others and that her efforts are not necessary. Kerri is engaged in:

free riding

In group decision-making, when members are focused on understanding the problem well enough to devise answers, this phase is known as:

generating solutions

The primary disadvantages of which performance appraisal format are its lack of precision in its dimensions and its anchors?

graphic rating scales

Hyria, who is part of a workgroup, feels very connected to her coworkers, but she is concerned about a decision they are making. She is afraid to speak up, however, because in the past, dissenters were pressured into going along with the group consensus. Hyria's group is likely engaging in:

groupthink

Hammer and colleagues' research on family supportive supervisor behaviors suggested that employees who felt that their employers provided them family-specific support:

had higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions

Research indicates that individuals who pay a great deal of attention to politics at work and think about them a lot demonstrate:

high levels of stress and lower performance

Research on the leader-member exchange (LMX) relationship has shown that employees who experienced a high level of LMX with their supervisor were rated:

high on performance regardless of objective performance indicators

Anita is a leader who spends time organizing tasks for her subordinates, yet she also takes the time to support and encourage them. Anita is _____ in initiating structure and _____ in consideration.

high; high

Brandon is a leader who spends a great deal of time organizing tasks and schedules for his subordinates. He tends to spend very little time, however, supporting and encouraging them. Brandon is _____ on the initiating-structure dimension of behavior and _____ on the consideration dimension of behavior.

high; low

Albert likes his job and would like to be at work. However, his son has chicken pox and cannot go to daycare, therefore, Albert must stay home with him. In this case, Albert misses work because:

his ability to attend is low

In examination of the decision accuracy of a selection battery, the number of applicants who were hired and who are successful performers can be labeled as:

hits

According to Karasek's demand-control model, one of the most important predictors of strains is:

how much control employees are provided in the workplace.

The idea that a training environment should resemble the on-the-job environment as much as possible is often called:

identical elements theory

Mila thinks her boss, Elliot, is a very effective leader. When Mila is asked whether Elliot is collegial and professional with his peers, she says yes, even though she's never actually observed Elliot around his peers. This issue is most relevant to which theory of leadership?

implicit leadership theory

Which of these is a primary objective of diversity training?

increasing awareness of diversity issues

Some researchers are looking for other predictors to help account for a greater percentage of criterion variance than what is accounted for by general cognitive ability. Their goal is to demonstrate:

incremental validity

"Predictors," "precursors," and "antecedents" are all words we might use to describe:

independent variables

One problem with affirmative action plans is that:

individuals who benefit from affirmative action may be seen as incompetent

Janice, an I/O psychologist, spends most of her time designing tests to help her select new employees, train those new employees, and help managers conduct performance evaluations. Most of Janice's work would fall under the _____ subspecialty of I/O psychology.

industrial psychology

According to the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ), "Tries out his or her ideas in the group" and "Decides what shall be done and how it will be done" are statements that measure:

initiating structure

Mariela believes that if she gets a favorable performance review, she will be more likely to get higher pay. According to expectancy theory, Mariela's belief reflects:

instrumentality

Ella has learned that she will not be getting a bonus this year. She is particularly upset about this because her supervisor has not explained why she won't be getting the bonus and was rude to her when he told her the news. Ella is likely upset because of the low level of:

interactional justice

Extraneous variables can severely damage which type of validity?

internal

Dr. Xiong conducts a study examining whether people feel more motivated when music is playing versus when there is silence. At first, his findings appear to indicate that those in the "music condition" do better. However, he learns that his research assistant encouraged the participants in the music condition but did not encourage those in the silent condition. Now, Dr. Xiong doesn't know whether the better performance was due to the music or the encouragement. Dr. Xiong's study has poor:

internal validity

Quasi-experiments tend to have lower _____ than regular experiments.

internal validity

Research on a person's burnout at work suggests that it:

is linked to certain characteristics of jobs.

One of the most important outcomes of Griggs v. Duke Power is that:

it is illegal to hire members of only one race, even if they do better on a selection test, if the test does not predict job performance

When Shakeem conducts a job analysis, he uses the information gained to categorize jobs into job families so that he can offer the same benefit package to employees within each job family. In this case, the job analysis will be helpful for:

job classification

Liane writes a list of statements that describe what gardeners do and how they do it, such as "Designs landscaping" and "Plants trees." In this case, Liane is MOST LIKELY creating a:

job description

In a Functional Job Analysis, the category "people" is defined as the extent to which the:

job requires employees to use interpersonal resources

Which of these is MOST likely to be studied by an I/O psychologist whose emphasis is on the subspecialty of organizational psychology?

leadership

According to Kirkpatrick's (1976) taxonomy of training criteria, cognitive, skill-based, and affective outcomes are three ways in which _____ criteria can be characterized.

learning

Which of these is the best definition of continuous learning?

learning how to learn

Alex needs to train 100 museum tour guides on facts related to the American Civil War. She is looking for a very economical training method and would like to train all the tour guides at the same time. The training approach Alex should use is:

lecturing

Sheila's company has promoted her to the position of Senior Vice President of Accounting. Sheila possesses a(n):

legitimate base of power

Mel is someone who sets goals and develops strategies to reach those goals. She is also flexible enough to develop contingency approaches when her initial strategy is unsuccessful. Which theory suggests that Mel will perceive less job stress and report lower work-family conflict?

life management theory

Which of these dimensions is typically rated in a leaderless group discussion?

listening skills

A large public library restructures its work schedules to allow disabled employees to perform their duties. The library has:

made reasonable accommodations

A chief executive officer (CEO), a chief financial officer (CFO), and a chief information officer (CIO) may be considered parts of a(n):

management team

In which group would a shared mental model be MOST important?

medical personnel on a team in an emergency room

Mary is 45 years old and is employed full-time. She is taking care of her 80-year-old father while also taking care of her 16-year-old. Mary can be labeled as a(n):

member of the sandwiched generation

A recent conceptualization of ethical leadership that focuses on followers' perceptions of leader behaviors as morally right is known as:

moralized leadership

According to implicit leadership theory (ILT), leadership effectiveness may be:

more about subordinates' perceptions than about leaders' actions

According to Eagly's research on gender and leadership, women are:

more participative than men

Even if an organization has an extremely effective selection system, it may still need to conduct some training because:

most applicants will not know aspects of jobs that are specific to a particular organization

According to two-factor theory, "recognition" is an example of a(n) _____, and "supervision" is an example of a(n) _____.

motivator; hygiene

To be hired as an airline pilot, one must accomplish three objectives: a 90% or higher score in a flight simulator, an 80% or higher score on a technical knowledge test, and at least 500 hours of flying experience. This approach to employee selection is known as:

multiple cutoff

Which of these is typically part of an assessment center?

multiple exercises

When predictors are administered in a predetermined order, and applicants are measured on a subsequent predictor only if they pass the cutoff on a previous predictor, the approach to selection is known as:

multiple hurdle

One current trend in teamwork is the development of two or more teams that tightly couple to work on collective goals. These are known as:

multiteam systems (MTS)

Tracy, who is a police officer, has two different roles at work. Sometimes she has to treat citizens respectfully, comfort them, and help them solve problems. At other times, she must behave aggressively, make demands of citizens, and delay solving problems to ensure that people are safe. These contradictory expectations are an example of:

role conflict

The five dimensions of job satisfaction that are measured by the JDI are satisfaction with promotion opportunities, satisfaction with pay, satisfaction with supervision, satisfaction with coworkers, and:

satisfaction with the work itself

The area of industrial psychology for which job analysis is most important is:

selection and placement

A team that assumes complete responsibility for monitoring and controlling the overall work process, as well as for assigning specific tasks to team members, is known as a:

self-managed work team

Recently, companies have required that teams be flexible and independent, so they could help the organization get to know itself and plan for its future. This is known as the _____ approach.

sense-making

Jericho gives all his subordinates low ratings on their appraisals in an effort to intimidate them. Jericho is making which type of rating error?

severity

If Gary believes that a valid test for police officers in Philadelphia would NOT be valid for police officers in Pittsburgh, he believes in:

situational specificity

Asking applicants about future behavior occurs in a _____ interview; asking applicants about past behavior occurs in a _____ interview.

situational; behavior description

Angie perceives inequity because when she compares her input/outcome ratio to that of Sally's, the ratios are not equal. Angie frequently volunteers to work many more hours than Sally, but she receives smaller bonuses compared to what Sally receives. According to equity theory, one way Angie can reduce her perceived inequity is to:

stop volunteering to work extra hours

Research has suggested that spillover is _____ for work interfering with family than for family interfering with work.

stronger

While conducting interviews, Martina always asks all applicants the exact same questions. Martina has conducted a(n) _____ interview.

structured

Alex assesses the performance of his managers by having their subordinates provide ratings of how effective they believe their manager is. This would be an example of a(n) _____ criterion.

subjective

One difficulty related to telework is that:

supervisors tend to over-rely on direct sources of information, which are less frequent in telework

Ruby works in an elementary school. At times, young children swear at each other, which Ruby finds amusing, but she must hide her amusement so she can properly scold the children. The type of emotion regulation Ruby displays is referred to as:

suppression

One emerging issue related to downsizing is that older individuals who are downsized:

take longer to find a new job than younger applicants

Hector is conducting a job analysis, during which he observes that several elements are involved when a waiter takes a customer's order. These include asking for the order, writing down the order, and retrieving the customer's menu. Collectively, these elements constitute a:

task

Ramona is interested in determining what behaviors and duties her employees need to improve. She should conduct a(n) _____ analysis.

task

Which of these is NOT considered a consequence of job satisfaction?

task significance

Pamela is conducting a job analysis for the job of pizza delivery driver. She focuses on describing the various tasks (e.g., driving a car to a delivery address giving customers correct change). Which of these describes Pamela's approach to job analysis?

task-oriented approach

Functional job analysis (FJA) is an example of a _____, while the Job Element Method (JEM) is an example of a _____.

task-oriented approach; worker-oriented approach

Karl is interested in conducting a job analysis that will provide very specific information about what tasks a particular job will involve. Karl should use:

task-oriented techniques

Delta works from home much of the time. In order to keep her work and home life separate, Delta starts working at 7 A.M. and finishes by 3 P.M. every day. This type of boundary-setting is _____ in nature.

temporal

Ting believes that if you die in a dream you will also die in real life. Karen points out that if someone dies in his or her sleep we could never find out what happened in the dream. Thus, there is no way to demonstrate support for Ting's theory. His theory lacks:

testability

Proponents of reaction criteria for performance appraisal have suggested that worker attitudes toward performance appraisal are more important than psychometric indices because:

the effectiveness of a performance appraisal is limited if participants do not support its use

What is one of the top trends in I/O psychology according to a SIOP article published in 2016?

the growing importance of innovation and creativity

What was the ultimate purpose of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act?

to prevent the statute of limitations from running out when discriminatory practice is ongoing

Recent research in the perception of justice by employees has suggested that performance management systems may be an effective tool for enhancing organizational:

trust

If employees are rated on a 1-5 scale for both customer service and attendance, but customer service is considered twice as important as attendance, employees should be evaluated using:

unequal weighing

June has interviewed two different people. For the first applicant, she asked about strengths and weaknesses; for the second applicant, she asked about interests and experiences. In these cases, June has conducted _____ interviews.

unstructured

Research suggests that _____ appraisals produce more favorable outcomes and fewer negative ones than do other types of appraisals.

upward

In their classic article on handling criteria, Schmidt and Kaplan (1971) argue that when making hiring decisions most applied psychologists should:

use a weighted composite for hiring, and then examine the relationships between predictors and the various criteria

Brian is interested in conducting a job analysis in order to compare different jobs with respect to their reliance on incumbents' talents and abilities. Brian should:

use worker-oriented techniques

A study conducted by Rode and colleagues (2007) found that emotional intelligence predicted college GPA and group performance, if the student:

was also conscientious

A 2010 meta-analysis suggested that pay level was _____ job satisfaction.

weakly correlated with

Although turnover is usually negative for organizations, it can be positive if the employees who leave:

were ineffective and can be replaced by better workers

Research has shown that active users of onsite child-care centers:

were more likely to believe that the center was a good recruitment tool for the company than nonusers did

What might be one reason that an organization might choose to pay someone more than is suggested by a job evaluation?

when people are unwilling to take a job unless it is well compensated

Plotting point scores against current wages in a job evaluation can help identify:

whether individuals are overcompensated or undercompensated

An I/O psychologist is hired by an organization that is planning to implement a 360-degree feedback system. Which of these should he or she recommend?

withholding information about how the ratings will be used

Oswald finds that work holds an important place in his life; when he was laid off, he felt that an important part of his life was missing. We might characterize Oswald as having a high level of:

work centrality