IPHY 2420 Exam #2

Aubrey is a 12 year-old boy who spends all day inside playing video games. What condition could he develop? A) Rickets, due to a lack of vitamin D from the sun B) Osteomalacia, due to a lack of vitamin D from the sun C) Night blindness from staring at the television screen too much D) Osteoporosis because he is not exercising like a child his age should

a

Camilla has been told by her physician that she needs to lose fat. What exercise should she start to participate in to burn the most FAT? a. Do a three hour hike on Chautauqua b. High interval training for 30 minutes c. Weight-lifting for an hour d. Intense cycling ride for two hours

a

Amaya, a 21 year old college student, just discovered that osteoporosis runs in her family. What are some lifestyle changes she can make to prevent it? A) Follow an exercise routine that incorporates both weight bearing and toning exercises; ensure that her diet includes plenty of calcium B) Avoid strenuous exercise since it may cause too much weight loss, which could lead to osteoporosis; stop taking hormone-based birth control C) Stay indoors more since the sun can increase chances of osteoporosis; increase her intake of iron to boost bone maintenance D) Do more cardio to increase blood flow to bones; start taking hormone-based birth control to increase her estrogen levels

a

Chung-Li has noticed that his waistline is expanding, but he does not actually appear fat. What could be happening to him, and what should he do? A) He may be seeing signs of visceral fat accumulation around his organs, and should have a body scan to evaluate it B) He may have accumulated subcutaneous fat around his abdomen, and should start skipping meals to lose weight C) He could be losing muscle which makes his abdomen appear loose and chubby, he should start eating more protein D) His metabolism might be slowing down since he is aging, and he should start an exercise routine to boost it

a

Niro is preparing to run a marathon in two days. What should he eat to increase his muscle glycogen stores for the race? a. Niro should eat a diet that is high in carbohydrates b. Niro should eat a diet that mainly consists of animal proteins and fat c. Niro should eat a diet that mainly consists of animal proteins d. Niro should eat a diet that is high in fat

a

Rhi is currently pregnant and has suffered from anorexia in the past. In fear of gaining any extra weight, she refuses to eat foods with chemicals and pesticides - diminishing the variety of food she allows herself to consume. What two practices is Rhi combining to avoid gaining weight? A. Pregorexia and Orthorexia B. Pregorexia and Drunkorexia C. Orthorexia and Body Dysmorphia Disorder D.Pregorexia and Body Dysmorphia Disorder

a

Sona has experienced sores appearing from months ago, along with star like bursts on her face, what vitamin deficiency is she experiencing, and what are its functions? a. Vitamin C, collagen synthesis and antioxidant activity b. Vitamin E, protects polyunsaturated fatty acids c. Vitamin K, is known as a clotting agent via fibrinogen d. Thiamin, synthesizes neurotransmitters and is a coenzyme

a

Sonora wants to start eating a potassium-rich diet because her nutrition teacher said that potassium was a necessary mineral. What food should she start eating, and why? a. Beet greens, potassium rich diets can reduce blood pressure b. Bananas, potassium can strengthen the immune system c. Fish, potassium is a component of hemoglobin and myoglobin d. Total cereal, potassium can help with wound healing

a

Sumi has begun to notice she feels tired and is having trouble concentrating. She has also developed a new habit of chewing on ice. What mineral is Sumi deficient in, and what can she eat to reverse this deficiency? A. Sumi is deficient in iron and should add a handful of raisins to her breakfast cereal each morning. B. Sumi is deficient in zinc and should eat more enriched cereal grains. C. Sumi is deficient in magnesium and should add granola to her yogurt each morning. D. Sumi is deficient in potassium and should drink more coconut water.

a

Which of the following athletes is MOST at risk for iron deficiency? a. Mina, a 16 year-old old girl who is vegetarian and is part of her school's cross country team b. Ben, a 25 year-old man who is a vegan and practices yoga twice a week c. Zirlen, a 40 year-old man who runs a marathon every year d. CJ, a 20 year old girl who competes in rock climbing competitions once a week

a

Which of the following is NOT the correct metabolism statement? a. Females have a higher metabolic rate than males because of the likelihood of becoming pregnant and supplying nutrients to their child b. Those who are sick have a higher metabolic rate than healthy individuals because of the need to kill infections and produce sweat as a result c. Those who exercise experience an "after-burn" effect which allows them to burn additional calories the day after exercise d. Those who use stimulant drugs have a higher metabolic rate compared to non-users because of the muscle actions associated with the drugs

a

Who is MOST at risk for developing hypertension? A. Abi, a 68 year-old African American who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day B. Karen, a 40 year-old Caucasian woman who drinks a glass of wine with dinner 3 times a week C. Mooshan, an 18 year-old Caucasian ballerina with Type 2 diabetes D. Leo, a 25 year-old Caucasian male who is overweight and eats fast food twice a month

a

Who meets the weekly recommendation for healthy physical Activity? a. Elsa, who jogs 3 times a week for 50 minutes b. Olaf, who walks for 30 minutes 3 times a week c. Ana, who does intense interval training for one hour per week d. Cristoph, who goes on a 15 minute walk every evening

a

Whose Body Mass Index (BMI) MOST likely is accurate in relation to how healthy they are? a. Shia, a 40 year old active woman who was pregnant two years ago b. Yuri, a 65 year old woman who suffers from severe osteoporosis c. Aton, a 16 year old football player who lifts heavy weights four times a week d. Ulysses, a 8 year old child who is currently going through a growth spurt

a

Why is sodium necessary and where do American's lie on the the Adequate intake scale? a. Major positively charged ion in extracellular fluid, Americans are toxic in sodium b. Conducts nerve impulses by its ionic concentration, Americans are deficient in sodium c. Helps regulate blood cholesterol levels, Americans are toxic in sodium d. Involved in transporting glucose and amino acids to cells, Americans are deficient in sodium

a

Zeus is upset that his recent change in diet hasn't led to weight loss. According to the movie in class, which of the following is NOT a likely reason for his lack of weight loss? a. Zeus might have a slow metabolism causing his body to break down calories slowly b. Zeus might not be properly tracking his calories and isn't taking into account snacks c. Zeus might not be eating a lot of protein which influences the capacity of his stomach d. Zeus might not take the portion sizes of the foods he is consuming into account

a

With which mineral is Vitamin D most closely associated? A) Iron, vitamin D is a vital participant in red blood cell and hemoglobin production B) Calcium, vitamin D is essential for healthy bone production and maintenance C) Sodium, vitamin D can help prevent hypertension caused by excess sodium D) Magnesium, vitamin D helps regulate muscle growth and production of lactic acid

b

Etza wants to lose weight and is concerned with eating out with his friends leading to weight gain. What advice should you NOT give him to achieve his goal? a. Encourage him to think about why he wants to lose weight and how he can do it b. Remind him that as long as he's at a weekly caloric deficit of 2500, he will lose weight c. Recommend for him to eat half or a little more of what he normally eats with his friends d. Suggest not looking at the menu to avoid any cues that might trigger bad eating behavior

b

Huldrun consumes most of her food in the form of a thick soup. While she is eating just as many calories as her friends at meal times, she notices that she is not hungry as often as they are. This is because: A) Soup naturally contains more calories than solid food so it keeps her satisfied for longer B) The water in soup does not drain from her stomach as quickly, keeping her stomach full for longer C) When the body is given solid food, it does not digest as well as food that is a softer and more homogenous consistency D) Soup is known to reduce the effects of the hormone ghrelin, which signals to your brain that you need to eat

b

Match the correct function with its correct vitamin a. Vitamin E, a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates b. Vitamin K, production of clotting factors c. Vitamin A, production and maintenance of healthy bones d. Vitamin D, immune system activity

b

Sahar has noticed that her skin has acquired a peculiar yellow-orange hue. What could be causing this? A) She is consuming too much retinol and may have liver damage B) Carotenemia, resulting from an overabundance of beta-carotene in her diet C) She recently began Accutane to treat her acne and this is a side effect of the medication D) Her melanin is overreacting to too much vitamin D, causing the skin to turn orange

b

Shona is a 15 year-old girl whose parents recently got divorced. She often finds herself binging on foods with high caloric content until the point of discomfort. In order to compensate for her excessive eating she spends 3 hours at the gym. What disorder is Shona most likely suffering from? A. Anorexia Nervosa B. Bulimia Nervosa C. Orthorexia D. Body dysmorphia disorder

b

What is Xerosis and why does it occur in people suffering from anorexia nervosa? A. Xerosis is long, buffy hairs that re-develop on the body caused by an inefficient amount of body fat in an effort to keep the body warm B. Xerosis is abnormally dry skin caused by a deficiency in vitamin E as a result of not consuming a sufficient amount of food C. Xerosis is the discontinuation of the menstrual cycle caused by an inefficient amount of body fat D. Xerosis is when the body attempts to consume the heart muscle caused by a deficiency in protein as a result of not consuming a sufficient amount of food

b

What is a result of iodide deficiency and what has been done to combat this problem? A Cretinism, characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland - the US added iodide to breast milk formula to combat this problem B. Goiter, characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland - the US added iodide to table salt to combat this problem C. Goiter, characterized by stunted growth in children born to women who were iodide deficient during pregnancy - the US added iodide to table salt to combat this problem D. Cretinism, characterized by a pushed out ribcage - the US added selenium to table salt to combat this problem

b

Which of the following people have the symptoms of Wet Beriberi? a. Sarah, a 20 year old who has been an alcoholic for several years and has been urinating much more frequently than usual. b. Kona, a 50 year old who has been experiencing some chest pain and when he presses on his legs, the indent doesn't go away for hours. c. Kia, a 34 year old who is a vegetarian and does not eat any animal products, she has experience her chest enlarging, resembling a barrel. d. Victor, a 76 year old who has a terrible acid reflux, he has been experiencing several open wounds on his body as well as swollen gums.

b

Who is most at risk for Calcium deficiency? a. Calvin, a 70 year old man who exercises daily and drinks milk on occasion b. Ola, a 45 year old mother who works the night shift and regularly drinks soda c. Bakko, a 34 year old man who is suffering from severe diarrhea due to food poisoning d. Vera, a 22 year old student who is lactose intolerant and eats fortified cereal without milk

b

Who is most at risk for dehydration? a. Seth, a 24 year old man who loves to go on long hikes on the weekends b. Moly, a 78 year old woman who gardens outdoors and does yoga daily c. Findah, a 30 year old woman who runs marathons once a month d. August, a 45 year old man who has thrown up twice due to food poisoning

b

Who is most likely to suffer from osteoporosis? A) Elias, a 25 year old professional male ballet dancer B) Linnea, a 60 year old school teacher who smokes cigarettes C) Adelaide, a 12 year old gymnast who is lactose intolerant D) Maude, a 20 year old African American marathon runner

b

Why are overweight men compared to overweight women more likely to develop serious health complications? a. The pear shaped visceral fat distribution of men is affecting central organs b. The apple shaped visceral fat distribution of men is affecting central organs c. The pear shaped subcutaneous fat distribution of men is affecting central organs d. The apple shaped subcutaneous fat distribution of men is affecting non-central organs

b

What are the 4 D's of pellagra in order? a. Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death b. Diarrhea, dehydration, dermatitis, death c. Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death d. Dehydration, diarrhea, dementia, death

c

Pablo recently lost a lot of weight and is looking for a device to measure his body fat. Which of the following devices should he use assuming he's dehydrated and why? a. Underwater weighing because if he floats, it'll give him a good indication he lost fat b. Skinfold thickness because he'll be able to use the device on his own without error c. Air displacement because the air volume will calculate his new fat to muscle ratio d. Bioelectrical impedance because of how highly accurate the readings from the test are

c

After running a marathon in humid conditions, Sheba is experiencing a fever and a lack of sweating. What heat-related illness is Sheba experiencing? a. Heat cramps b. Heat Exhaustion c. Heatstroke d. Dehydration

c

Gabriela believes that skipping breakfast will allow her to lose weight. According to the movie in class, is her assumption correct and why or why not? a. Gabriela is not correct because her stomach will release PYY which will signal her brain to tell her to eat fatty foods b. Gabriela is correct because skipping breakfast decreases her calorie intake which increases her metabolism c. Gabriela is not correct because skipping breakfast will increase her likelihood of eating high calorie foods later in the day d. Gabriela is correct because many breakfast foods are rich in dairy which has been shown to lead to weight gain

c

Gabriela, a 4 year old overweight child, has recently been monitored by a nutritionist for her weight. What is the MOST likely reason for why Gabriela is being monitored and how could this impact her future? a. Because Gabriela is overweight, she has a high metabolism at her age which will allow her to lose weight easier and decrease her chances of adult obesity b. Gabriela is most likely experiencing a thyroid condition from a lack of eating sodium which causes a slow metabolism and increase chance of adult obesity c. Being overweight at such a young age has shown to cause adipose cells to hold onto as much fat as possible and make it harder for her adult-self to lose weight d. Gabriela is young enough to decrease the size of adipose cells but have the same number of adipose cells in her body as she becomes an adult leading to weight loss

c

Jamal is a carpenter, and often works long hours between breakfast and lunch. What should he do to stay satiated until lunchtime? A) Eat a breakfast rich in fat, because fat contains 9 calories per gram and provides more energy B) Eat more carbohydrates with breakfast, because carbs can be stored easily for readily accessible energy C) Eat a breakfast with high protein, because protein triggers PYY production more than other nutrients D) Eat a breakfast with lots of sugar, because sugar will easily fuel his muscles until he is able to eat again

c

Malak is a 65-year-old woman and just broke her wrist catching herself after she slipped. What could this indicate? A) Osteoporosis, because her cortical bone is too eroded to absorb shock B) Menopause, because her lack of estrogen makes her muscles too weak to protect her bones C) Osteoporosis, because her trabecular bones have become very thin and brittle D) Menopause, because lack of menstruation causes bone loss in women over 55

c

What are the three conditions that make up the female athlete triad? A. Disordered eating, anorexia, amenorrhea B. Binge eating, orthorexia, body dysmorphia disorder C. Disordered eating, osteoporosis, amenorrhea D. Binge eating, orthorexia, amenorrhea

c

Which component of iron is matched with its correct function? A. Myoglobin - an iron containing protein in muscle cells that controls carbon dioxide uptake from red blood cells B. Hemoglobin - an iron containing protein in muscle cells that controls oxygen uptake from red blood cells C. Hemoglobin - an iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide away from tissues D. Myoglobin - an iron containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide away from tissues

c

Why is aerobic catabolism typically better than anaerobic catabolism? a. Oxygen is not available, allowing ATP to be formed by glycolysis during the activity. b. Lactate is available, allowing for pyruvate to settle into the muscles for later storage. c. Oxygen is available, allowing for 18 times more ATP to be produced during activity. d. Phosphocreatine is available, allowing the you to reach the maximum point of oxygen intake.

c

Umar has a condition which prevents the tissues/organ in his body that secretes Ghrelin to reach his brain. What tissue/organ is this and how will this impact him in the long run? a. Adipose tissue and this could cause him to gain weight since hunger will be reduced b. Stomach and this could cause him to lose weight since his appetite will be reduced c. Small intestine and this could cause him to gain weight since hunger will be stimulated d. Stomach and this could cause him to lose weight since his hunger will be reduced

d

Lars is a thirteen-year-old boy and he's growing rapidly. What is happening in his growing bones? A) Bone growth; his osteoblasts are building on to the outer ends of his bones to lengthen them B) Bone modeling; his bones are mostly formed at this point and just need shaping and reinforcement C) Bone remodeling; osteoclasts are replacing the cartilage of his soft child skeleton with stronger calcium components D) Bone growth; his epiphyseal plate is still open and new bone cells are forming in the gap

d

What is the proper sequence of xeropthalmia development? A) Skin becomes rough > vitamin A deficiency > permanent blindness > inner eyelid is keratinized > increased mucus production B) Vitamin A deficiency > increased mucus production > Skin becomes rough > permanent blindness > inner eye is keratinized C) Increased mucus production > skin becomes rough > inner eyelid is keratinized > vitamin A deficiency > permanent blindness D) Vitamin A deficiency > skin becomes rough > inner eyelid is keratinized > increased mucus production > permanent blindness

d

When is lactic acid produced and where is it removed? a. In aerobic conditions, glucose is converted to pyruvate and then to lactic acid. It is removed by the pancreas b. In anaerobic conditions, lactate is converted to pyruvate then back to lactic acid. it is removed by the liver c. In aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to glucose then to lactic acid. It is removed by the pancreas d. In anaerobic conditions, glucose is converted to pyruvate and then to lactic acid. It is removed from the liver.

d

Which of the following is true about bone erosion and construction? A) Osteoblasts erode the cortical bone, osteoclasts produce the calcium-containing component of bone B) Osteoclasts produce the collagen-containing component of bone, osteoblasts erode trabecular bone C) Osteoblasts produce the calcium-containing component of bone; osteoclasts erode cortical bone D) Osteoclasts erode trabecular bone, osteoblasts produce the collagen-containing component of bone

d

Xavier is interested in doing a new exercise that will burn the most amount of calories. Which exercise option would you MOST likely recommend to him and why? a. Something that will allow him to think on top of moving his body because this has been shown to release hormones that prevent adipose tissue storage b. Practices where the actual exercise is short but required lots of energy because of the short time duration which will increase calories burned c. Exercise techniques that focus on training one specific group of muscles because more muscle mass will be created which will increase metabolic rate d. Activities that involve using multiple muscle groups that are large because more energy is needed to be burned in these larger muscles

d

Your friend has lost a significant amount of weight and has been feeling lethargic. You also notice your friend is forming long, downy hairs on her body. What disorder causes this and what is this condition called? A. Xerosis - a condition caused by anorexia nervosa B. Lanugo - a condition caused by bulimia nervosa C. Xerosis - a condition caused by bulimia nervosa D. Lanugo - a condition caused by anorexia nervosa

d