IR FINAL

Which economic policy would a mercantilist favor?

Promoting exports over imports.

The idea that a state is responsible for insuring individuals' social welfare is fundamental to ________ human rights.

Second generation

The World Trade organization _______.

Serves as a venue for settling trade disputes.

Control of strategic resources such as petroleum is an important source of state power. Which of the following is an example of such power?

Sudan's ability to escape Chinese censure for its policies in Darfur, due to Chinese reliance on Sudanese oil.

TRUE or FALSE: A state with water has up to 24 miles in bays.

TRUE

True or False: Military force should be the last resort in conflict among countries.

TRUE

A major difference between the international criminal tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and the international criminal court was that ___________.

The ICC has much broader jurisdiction than the ICTY.

156 states ratified the Kyoto Protocol by 2005, which state did not?

The United States.

The United Nations convention on the law of the sea (UNCLOS) governs many issues that affect the Arctic area. What state has NOT ratified the convention?

The United States.

What are some of the main objectives of military power?

1. Deterrence - preventing threats by using greater threats. 2. Defense - Resisting military attack if deterrence fails 3. Coercion - Active use of force 4. Backdrop for Negotiation - military force lends weight to diplomatic bargaining. 5. Shield - Military power can provide a protective structure

What are the types of intervention?

1. Diplomatic Intervention - High diplomatic official comments on national political processes of another country. 2. Clandestine Political Action - offering bribes, supporting underground parties, or assassinations of public officials. 3. Demonstration of Force - using troops 4. Subversion - Organized rebellion to serve local population 5. Guerilla Warfare 6. Military Intervention - Sending troops to fight wars

What are some examples of economic warfare?

1. Economic sanctions/blockades - stop flow of goods from reaching target state. 2. Blacklist - exert pressure/prevent private firms from operating on certain countries 3. Pre-emptive buying - outbid enemy states 4. To give rewards - offer rewards to other countries/states for standing & fighting by your side.

What are the different types of orientation?

1. Isolation - Low level involvement in most issues with the rest of the international community. 2. Non-Alignment - A state declares it will not commit its military capabilities. 3. Neutrality 4. Military Alliances - States that can't defend/protect their interests/themselves, they commit w/other states that share similar objectives. 5. Economic Alliances 6. Cultural Alliances 7. Diplomatic Coalitions

A drawback to globalization is _______.

The rise of illegal markets for drugs and intellectual property.

The profound economic controversies generated by NAFTA illustrate that ________.

The state is not a unitary actor

What is referred to as the International Bill of Rights consists of _______.

The universal declaration of human rights, the international covenant on civil and political rights, and he international covenant on economic, social, and cultural rights.

What statement is correct about human rights and international politics?

There is a clear base for human rights in religious texts.

What role do NGOs plat in the international political economy?

They carry out locally based development projects and channel finance to individuals.

How have the issues of health, the environment, and crime changed over time?

They have assumed global positions.

Overall, transnational issues have had what impact on states?

They have decreased state power and control.

What role have NGOs not played in environmental affairs?

They set state policy regulating businesses.

What is the objective of Economic warfare?

To weaken he enemy and strengthen yourself.

Under the Kyoto Protocol, the region that made the most significant emission cut was _______.

Western Europe.

Does a state have air territory?

Yes it does, all the air above its territory.

What is the Kyoto Protocol?

a UN document geared toward reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.

The case of ozone depletion, wherein states recognize a problem before it became a crisis and collectively took proactive measures, is _______.

a relatively unusual success story.

Following the end of the apartheid, South Africa set a precedent by using what type of institution to examine past rights violations?

a truth commission.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) differs from the EU in that NAFTA _______.

is opposed by multinational corporations rather than political elites.

What is one reason why the US government has objected to the International criminal court?

it argues it infringes on US sovereignty.

The use of new technology to convert oil sands into fuel is controversial for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that __________________.

it leads to forests being cut.

The Bretton Woods institutions are reflective of a ________ economic perspective.

liberal

The belief that environmental issues are ripe for international action in the 21st century is characteristic of ________.

liberals.

What do radical feminists feel about existing actions against trafficking?

little progress is possible as long as women remain in economically disadvantaged positions.

Modern mercantilists advocate taking measures to ensure that MNCs __________.

make economic decisions consistent with their home states national interest.

Use of the internet and the world wide web has made the work of human rights NGOs __________.

more effective.

The international community has been increasingly affected by __________ , the costly unintended consequences of economic development in agriculture and industry.

negative externalities.

To be considered a genocide under international law, how many people must be killed?

no specific number included in definition

The overall effect of the European Union has been _______.

positive, increasing trade and improving welfare.

The radical view of the international political economy is more than that of mercantilists or liberals because _________.

radicals criticize capitalism for worsening economic problems in the developing world.

In general, states pay the most attention to drug crimes when __________.

related violence leads to death.

The 2009 Copenhagen Accord on global warming _______.

requires all states to cut back on emissions.

The European Union encouraged human rights in post cold war eastern Europe by _________.

requiring candidates for admission to the EU to show improving political and civil liberties.

When exchange rates float, currencies ________

sell at value determined by the market.

How many forms of intervention are there?

six types of intervention

The first global human rights movement focused on _______.

slavery.

What did the south demand in the New International Economic Order?

stabilizing commodity prices

In the 21st century, which actors are growing in importance in international relations by acting on transnational issues?

states

What statement is correct about the relationship between economic conditions and human rights?

states with deteriorating economic conditions may repress political rights as they seek to maintain authority.

Which actors have responded to the AIDS crisis?

states, NGOs, intergovernmental organizations, and individuals.

Which of the following policies are NOT considered structural adjustment policies?

subsidizing food

__________ involves simultaneously achieving economic growth and environmental protection.

sustainability

Certain predictions about population growth trends, put forth by Thomas Malthus and the club of Rome, proved incorrect in part because they failed to account properly for_____.

technological change.

Although the EU has generally been oriented toward increased free trade, and exception involving state intervention has occurred in which area?

the agricultural sector

What do third generation human rights involve?

the rights of individuals that the state cannot usurp.

Realists' attention to population issues centers on how demographic changes could _________.

trigger conflicts over scarce resources.

Supporters of truth commissions argue that they are better than courts under what circumstances?

when countries are uninterested in documenting past violations.

Addressing the issue of global climate change has proven to be a complicate task for all of the following reasons EXCEPT ________.

while all in the North agree to limit economic growth, the South refuses.

As globalizing issues assume greater salience in the 21st century, the major theories of international relations ______.

will need modification an reformation.

Which of the following statements about oil in the wold of 2010 is correct?

China has become a major importer of oil.

The country most associated as an origin of cyber attacks is _______.

China.

British economist David Ricardo argued that states should trade based on their _______, whereby each state produces and exports those products that it can produce most efficiently relative to other states.

Comparative advantage

Sustainable development, toward which the World bank began orienting its activities in the 1900s, couples economic development with ___________.

Concern for the environment.

__________ human rights are human rights focused on political and civil rights.

First-generation

The most important transnational resource issue is access to _____________.

Fresh water.

Thomas Friedman Defines _______ as "the inexorable integration of markets, nation-states, and technologies to a degree never witnessed before."

Globalization

Which is NOT true to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?

It did not allow any exemptions based on conditions in individual states.

Each of the theories of international relations has its own view of how public health problems can best be solved. Which of the following statements correctly represents the theoretical point of view mentioned?

Liberals focus on international responsibility for solving health problems, turning to individual states to lead actions.

The idea that bailing weakened states out of GATT actually encourages future reckless behavior is called _______.

Moral hazard

Early human rights movements on slavery and protection of wounded soldiers were led by _____.

NGOs

What are the methods of acquiring territory?

1. Occupation - acquiring territory that is not already taken. 2. Cession - Transferring title of one state to another. 3. Conquest - To take territory from enemy state 4. Accretion - Addition of territory or loss due to mother nature

Why do some military agreements fail?

1. Poor military planning and coordination 2. Different purposes 3. Different ideologies

What are some of the main techniques of economic reward and punishment?

1. Tariffs ( tax) 2. Quotas ( limited quantity of goods ) 3. Boycott 4. Embargo 5. Loans and Credits

What are some of the main objectives of Trade?

1. achieve any foreign policy objectives 2. increase capabilities of a state or deprive potential enemy of its capabilities 3. create markets or sources of supply

The convention on the prevention of genocide was adopted in what year?

1948

Hegemonic stability theorists point to what example as best illustrating the importance of a hegemon for global economic growth?

19th century england

How many type of orientation are there?

7 types of orientation

Two types of states that do the best job of policing access to the internet are ________.

Advanced industrial states with major e-commerce and authoritarian states.

What statement is correct about the human rights councils universal periodic reviews?

After reviews, about 2/3 of the councils recommendations have been implemented by states.

IGOs compliance efforts against South Africa's apartheid government ________.

included coercive economic measures.

In general, states with what government type are the most likely to abuse political and civil rights?

authoritarian

The 21st century rise in transnational issues is being driven largely by changes in ____________.

changes is transportation an communications technology.

Under the international criminal court statute, which action against a civilian population is not considered a crime against humanity?

deterrence.

Liberals view the international economy as an arena of extensive cooperation. Mercantilists ____

disagree with liberal view, seeing the international system as inherently conflictual.

During the 1960s and 1970s, more attention was paid to the issue of women and _______.

economic and social human rights.

Following events at Tiananmen square in 1989, China faced some sanctions, but since then most efforts to address Chinas human rights policies have centered on _______.

economic sanctions.

MNC's are considered by liberals to be _______

efficient agents of economic improvement.

During the war in the former Yugoslavia, the term ________ was coined to mean removing a group from their territory, but not killing them all.

ethnic cleansing

The radical perspective on international political economy includes the view that MNCs are _______.

exploiters of the poor.

Intentional systematic killing of a group based on race, gender, or ethnicity is called ___________.

genocide

Since the 1990s , economic regionalism _______.

has increased in popularity and new regional agreements have been negotiated and existing ones strengthened.

Some liberal theorists go beyond simply extolling the economic benefits of liberalism and claim that an international liberal economy ________.

helps prevent war.