IR midterm
Which theory focuses on economic class conflict to explain state behavior?
radicalism
A foundation of liberalism is that humans are
rational and social beings.
Of the more prominent theoretical approaches, __________ is most concerned with power.
realism
Which theoretical perspective places least importance on the individual level of analysis?
realism
In seeking to explain the 2014 Russia-Ukraine conflict, a ________ would highlight Russia's security concerns about the encroachment of the West into its sphere of influence.
realist
Ukraine
In 2014, the Russian Federation invaded
At the height of colonialism, __________ was one of the only Asian countries that was not under direct European or U.S. influence.
Japan
power
The ability to influence an outcome that would not have otherwise occurred is known as
Theories that treat the state as a unitary actor argue that
a state chooses its own actions based on its preferences.
Conceiving of the international system as a system characterized by anarchy implies that there is
an absence of international authority.
A relatively integrated set of images formed by perceptions is known as a(n)
belief system.
What differentiates liberalism and neoliberal institutionalism?
beliefs about what causes states to cooperate
Which of the following is considered an international institution by IR scholars?
both the Law of the Sea Treaty and the United Nations
Recent mass actions have led to significant government change in all of the following cases except
china
Constructivists characterize the national interest as
constantly changing.
One of the characteristics of the behavioral approach is that
different data may lead to different conclusions.
Napoleon's army was defeated after invading which country?
Russia
Which of the following made the Vietnam War different than the 2003 Iraq War?
The United States had different goals in the two wars.
Realists argue that states' interests are defined in terms of
a desire to gain power.
The three levels of analysis in the study of international relations are
individual, state, and system.
Realists argue that power is determined primarily by
military power.
Coordination among several states is known as
multilateralism.
Dependency theorists attribute primary importance to the role of __________ in exerting control over developing states.
multinational corporations
Liberalism posits that cooperation between states is
possible
The idea behind the balance of power is that
states are less likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries.
What is an example of a bipolar period in world history?
the Cold War
When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990,
the Soviet Union/Russia supported a military UN mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait.
Which countries made up the Concert of Europe in the nineteenth century?
Austria, Britain, France, Prussia, and Russia
postmodernists
The __________ seek to deconstruct the basic concepts of the field by searching sources for hidden meanings in the subtext.
constructivists
The __________ trace how ideas shape identities which, in turn, affect international political life.
Neoliberal institutionalists and neorealists agree that the international system is __________ in nature but disagree on the potential for __________ outcomes.
anarchic; cooperative
Constructivism argues that the interests of states are
malleable and ever-changing.
Which of the following are examples of intangible sources of power?
national image and public support
According to realists, how does a focus on relative gains influence the possibilities for cooperation?
States are reluctant to cooperate even for mutual gain, because their partners may benefit more.
Which of the following, based on the principles of international relations, is not a reason why Canada be properly called a state?
The Canadian state has an official language.
Which country refused to join the League of Nations?
USA
How does Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan describe the international system today?
War in anarchy.
Realism and liberalism are similar in that they both
assume that actors are basically rational.
Behavioralism
proposes that individuals act in patterned ways.
Which of the following statements was most likely made by a realists?
States manage insecurity by building up military strength or making alliances.
the international system is anarchic
Realism posits that
One idea that emerged after the American and French revolutions was that
government legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed.
International relations was part of which discipline until the early twentieth century?
history
Offensive realists argue that
periodically fighting a war can intimidate potential rivals into bandwagoning.
When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, the League of Nations
placed sanctions on Italy, but those sanctions were not enforced.
The Treaties of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War (1618-48). Which of the following resulted from this experience?
the notion of sovereignty
Which statement best explains how neoliberal institutionalists explain state cooperation?
International institutions provide the structure necessary to facilitate cooperation, but do not necessarily guarantee that states will cooperate
The settling of people from a home country among indigenous peoples of a distant territory is known as
colonialism
Which perspective puts significant weight on the importance of norms and ideas?
constructivism
In seeking to explain the 2014 Russia-Ukraine conflict, a __________ would highlight Putin's framing of the threat posed by the West when addressing the people.
constructivist
In contrast to realists and liberals, __________ argue that the key structures in the international system are not material but instead are social and depend on ideas.
constructivists
In the nineteenth century, under the balance-of-power system, states formed alliances on what basis?
counteracting powerful factions
Democratic peace theorists argue that
democracies are less likely to fight other democracies, but are neither more nor less likely to fight other types of states
Theories are designed to help us
describe, explain, and predict.
According to a World Systems theorist, which of the following would most likely be classified as a core state?
france
Several liberal theorists believe that __________ can help prevent war.
free trade
Soft power refers to the ability to
influence others by example.
Aristotle concluded that states rise and fall largely due to
internal factors.
imperialism
is the annexation of distant territory and its inhabitants to an empire.
Which of the following perspectives view states as pluralist arenas used to oversee the competition of various governmental and societal interests?
liberalism
Which of the following actors is not part of the focus of international relations?
locally focused student organizations
When a people come to identify with a common past, language, customs, and practices, it is termed
nationalism
The central theoretical tenet of constructivism is
neither state nor international community interests are predetermined or fixed.
Collective expectations for the proper behavior of actors with a given identity are known as
norms
According to Margaret Hermann's typology, a(n) __________ leader is one who has a low level of nationalism, has little belief in his or her ability to control events, and wants to maintain friendly relationships with others.
participatory
Realism argues that the national interest is defined in terms of
power
Behavioralism
proposes that individuals act in patterned ways, which can be studied by empirically testing hypotheses about those patterns.
In the international system, the states live in what Hobbes called the
state of nature.
In his study of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides argued that the war was caused by
the changing distribution of power between Athens and Sparta.
Looking at the similarities and differences between states to understand why they rise and fall is an example of
the comparative method.
What does the period immediately following the Treaties of Westphalia represent to the study of international relations?
the rise of secular authority
From a constructivist viewpoint, the most important factor in creating the close relationship between the USA and Canada is
the similarity in language, culture, and values held by each state's population
According to radical/Marxist theorists, which of the following reasons leads rich, capitalist states toward imperial expansion?
underconsumption by the lower class
Individual leaders in power often evaluate the current world by the lessons they have learned from the past. This is known as
using an evoked set.
Constructivists like Alexander Wendt argue that material structures, on their own, explain
very little
According to realists, __________ is most often responsible for changes in power relationships among states.
war
Jean Jacques Rousseau's Stag Hunt illustrates which possible problem in the international system today?
Cooperation in anarchy.
Which of the following is an example of an application of behavioralism?
Correlates of War project
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Warsaw Pact
During the Cold War, the alliance between the United States and the Western European powers was known as the __________ and the alliance between the Soviet Union and east European powers was known as the __________.
power; power potential
Geographic size and location, population and natural resources are all sources of __________ and reflect the __________ of a state.
In which countries did the Islamic State control large swaths of territory at the height of its power in 2016?
Iraq and Syria
The Congress of Berlin in 1855 divided __________ between the major powers.
Africa
system.
An assemblage of units united by some form of regular interaction is called a(n)
Which of the following is true of the study of international relations?
It is rooted in history and philosophical traditions as well as the scientific method.
In the early 1900s, __________, a non-European power, defeated Russia, a European power, in a war.
Japan
In instances of groupthink, what tends to occur when new information unfolds that challenges a group's initial beliefs?
Pressure is placed on dissenters to conform to beliefs.
In the balance of power in Europe following the Napoleonic Wars, which state played the role of "builder of alliances"?
Russia
sovereignty.
The authority of a state to govern matters within its own borders free from external interference is known as
legitimacy.
The idea that political power ultimately rests with the people is a core part of the concept of
pupulism
The nationalist reaction to economic and political globalization that became prominent in the mid-2010s is known as
containment.
The strategic idea held during the Cold War that aimed to protect the status quo from further Soviet expansion is known as
International Relations
The study of the interactions among the various actors that participate in international politics is known as
cognitive consistency.
The tendency for individuals to accept information that is compatible with what has previously been accepted while discounting other information is known as
Which approach dominates the study of international relations today?
behavioralism
An individual can alter the course of events under certain external conditions. Which of the following circumstances correctly captures when an individual is more likely to have a great impact on a country?
when an individual leader is faced with an economic crisis
Some difference feminist theorists argue that
women, due to childbearing, have more potential to create peace in international politics.
About how many states exist in the world today?
193
hypothesis
A specific statement positing a particular relationship between two or more variables is known as a
natural law
According to Jean Bodin, sovereignty is not without limits. Which of the following can limit a leader's practice of sovereignty?
Normative
In international relations, we refer to the moral aspects of political life as
