IS 310: Chapter 2 MC

. "____" is the concept that the per-unit cost of producing goods or providing services decreases as the organization size increases. a. Economies of scale b. Economies of measure c. Economies of balance d. Economies of growth

a

. A ____ is designed for one purpose—computational speed with large problems. a. supercomputer b. mainframe c. microcomputer d. server

a

. ____ are typically implemented by installing software on each machine that accepts tasks from a central server and performs them when not busy doing other work. a. Grids b. Clouds c. Clusters d. Blades

a

. ____ improved memory access and raw CPU speeds and added features such as support for higher-speed system buses, pipelined instruction execution, and multimedia processing instructions. a. Pentium processors b. Multiple-core CPUs c. 80x86 processors d. PowerPC processors

a

. ____ software describes programs used to develop other programs. a. Application development b. Application design c. Systems d. Application modeling

a

38. Storage devices that hold currently executing programs are called ____ a. primary storage b. registers c. qubits d. secondary storage

a

A ____ is a computer system designed to meet a single user's information-processing needs. a. personal computer b. mainframe c. supercomputer d. minicomputer

a

A simple definition of a computer is a device that can accept numeric inputs, perform computational functions, and ____. a. ​communicate results b. ​solve formulas c. ​store data on disk or flash RAM d. ​detect quantum storage states

a

A specific shared resources within the World Wide Web is identified by a(n) ____. a. URL b. ALU c. CPU d. WWW

a

Any matter that stores data in multiple simultaneous quantum states is called a ____. a. qubit b. bit c. Limit d. quantum

a

Most application software is used by ____. a. end users b. programmers c. engineers d. administrators

a

Optical light pulses can be stored indirectly, such as ____. a. on the surface of a DVD b. on the surface of a magnetic disk c. in the blocks of flash memory d. the groves of a record

a

. A ____ consists of hardware, software, and transmission media that enable computer systems to share information, software, and hardware resources. a. computer system b. computer network c. computer environment d. computer platform

b

. A ____ is a group of similar or identical computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a single application. a. cloud b. cluster c. blade d. grid

b

. ____ is typically the cheapest component of current information systems. a. System software b. Hardware c. Middleware d. Application software

b

A particle of light is called a ____. a. muon b. photon c. quantum d. meson

b

In classical physics, a group of 3 bits can store only one of ____ possible values at a time. a. 6 b. 8 c. 12 d. 24

b

Optical computation harnesses the energy of moving ____ to perform computational work. a. muons b. photons c. electrons d. positrons

b

Quantum physics describes subatomic behavior with ____. a. physical rules b. mathematical rules c. physical laws d. a combination of physical rules and mathematical laws

b

The CPU contains a few internal storage locations called ____, each capable of holding a single instruction or data item. a. the ALU b. registers c. shifters d. the compiler

b

____ is targeted to general-purpose tasks that support many application programs and users. a. Application software b. System software c. Niche software d. Commodity software

b

. Early mechanical computation devices were built to perform ____. a. text processing​ b. mathematical simulation c. repetitive mathematical calculations d. repetitive text operations

c

A ____ is a program that translates instructions in a programming language into CPU instructions. a. compiler b. linker c. program translator d. parser

c

A ____ is a set of computing resources with front-end interfaces and back-end resources. a. grid b. cluster c. cloud d. blade

c

In a modern digital computer, data is represented by groups of ____. a. qubits b. photons c. bits d. waves

c

In the "layered approach," knowledge of the machine's physical details is embedded into system software and hidden from users and application programmers. This is commonly referred to as ____. a. machine dependence b. virtualization c. machine independence d. abstraction

c

The complexity of modern networks arises from the huge quantity of ____. a. centralized resources b. local resources c. distributed resources d. cloud services

c

The first commercially available quantum computer was built by ____. a. IBM b. Sony c. D-Wave d. Hewlett-Packard

c

The term ____ can describe computers as small as midrange computers and as large as supercomputers. a. mainframe b. client c. server d. grid

c

____ signals can carry more data than electrical signals. a. Mechanical b. Digital c. Optical d. Quantum

c

. ____ physics describes the behavior of matter at a subatomic level. a. Einsteinian b. Newtonian c. Relativity d. Quantum

d

A ____ is a circuit board that contains most of a server. a. grid b. cloud c. cluster d. blade

d

A(n) ____ is a program in which different sets of instructions are applied to different data input values. a. system b. problem c. solution d. algorithm

d

A(n) ____ is a stored set of instructions for responding to a specific request, much as you might look up a recipe to prepare a particular dish. a. operating system b. computer system c. compiler d. application program

d

In current computer hardware, main memory is implemented with silicon-based semiconductor devices commonly called ____. a. Flash b. PROM c. ROM d. RAM

d

Storage devices that hold data not needed by currently running programs are called ____ a. primary storage b. registers c. qubits d. secondary storage

d

The ____ chip provided integrated memory caches, enhanced computational capabilities, and increased raw CPU speed. Windows 95 was developed to take better advantage of this chip's capabilities. a. 8088 b. 80286 c. 80386 d. 80486

d

The ____ software layer has utility programs used by end users and system administrators to manage and control computer resources. a. system services b. machine independent c. machine dependent d. system management

d