ISDS 4120 Final

A ________ organization locates and maintains a secure niche of products in a relatively stable product or service area, while the ______ organization responds only to those areas where it is forced by environmental pressure a. Prospector, Defender b. Analyzer, Prospector c. Reactor, Analyzer d. Defender, Reactor

Defender; Reactor

Drawbacks of using the cloud

Dependent on another company instead of yourself, 4 main providers may monopolize the market, security itself is an issue, no transparency between the vendor or who truly owns the data, policy and access, if stored abroad which policy do you adhere to, what happens if servers go down, Requires an internet connection to access virtually anything, if no access to internet you can't access even your own files, dead zones mean no work can be completed, doesn't work well with low internet speeds, require high bandwidth, features might be limited (full desktop versions might have better or more features), apps can be slow even with fast internet due to high international traffic, stored data is in the cloud but data may not be secure, how secure is it, some can be lost which means no physical or online backups,

According to Porter, a firm that is focused upon a broad market and delivering unique products adopts what type of strategy? a. Cost Focus b. Differentiation c. Differentiation Focus d. Cost Leadership

Differentiation

State the Enterprise Architecture Equation

EA = S + B + T

How should the IT culture change with the move towards the cloud?

From building technology to enabling business value, from gatekeeper to guardrails, from capacity management to optimization, customer centric

How is the financial model different with the cloud?

From capital expenditure to operating expenditure (pay as you go), from one time approval to continuous optimization

The advantages of Layers from an OSI perspective

1. Network functionality is modular and the software/hardware at any layer can be more easily substituted. eg. substitute wired for wireless at physical layer 2. Easier to troubleshoot or make changes to one layer at a time 3. Application developers only need to worry about the application layer in their programs

Trends from the state of the cloud survey

18% use public cloud, 6% use private, 71% use hybrid. Companies use 6 clouds on avg, 3 public and 3 private.17% have over 1000 virtual machines in the cloud. Greatest challenges- lack of expertise, security, compliance, managing multiple services, managing costs, complexity of building a private cloud, governance, performance.

The definition of Bottleneck

A circuit that is filled almost to capacity and thus is the critical point that determines where users get good or bad responses

What is meant by a virtual machine?

Abstraction of a physical host machine, hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions from VM's and allows management of them

OSI model breaks application level into three levels:

Application Presentation Session

· State the five layers of the OSI model, in order

Application Transport Network Data Link Physical

Who should be a part of the cloud team?

Architects and the day to day operations team, people with cloud expertise

A collection of models and information is? a. Enterprise b. Segments c. Architecture d. Model Architecture e. Enterprise Architecture

Architecture

A distinct area of activity within an enterprise is the definition of: a. Architectural segment b. Line of business c. Organizational unit d. Department e. Functional unit

Line of business

What are advantages of cloud computing?

Lowered comp costs, no longer need a high powered computer to run cloud computing web apps, your desktop doesn't require onboard high processing power or disk space, able to build a more efficient computer to run the web based apps, no longer need a CD or DVD drive to load or save files, improved performance, less apps on your phone hog storage space, faster boot times since most apps are on the web now, reduced software costs, you can now get most of what you need for free, better than paying for commercial software, instant software updates( usually automatic), usually loaded the latest version if web based, improved document format compatibility( be able to use on all types of OSes), virtually no format incompatibilities, nearly unlimited storage compatibility, more reliable since it's all in the cloud and not physical, universal access anywhere, instantly available anywhere you with an internet connection, latest version availability, easier collaboration, device independent and network independent.

What elements of the organization have to change with the cloud?

People, culture, financial, IT operations

The vendor value proposition

Personal development, methodology development, customer relationship management+ complementary in core competencies= productivity gains available to client

A ______ organization values first in new product and market areas and responds rapidly to early signals concerning areas of productivity, while the _______ organization is a second mover with a more cost-efficient product or service a. Analyzer, Reactor b. Prospector, Analyzer c. Reactor, Prospector d. Defender, Prospector

Prospector; Analyzer

Differences between public, private, and hybrid clouds

Public-deployment where provider keeps track of all the servers (amazon or google), consumers access the cloud over a network. Very cheap and cost saving with economies of scale, high performance with low latency, popular with small medium sized businesses (access to power). However, you will have loss of control and little transparency, loss of sharing of computing assets, and competitor could be using the neighboring VM Private-take concept of cloud and hold it on your own premises, creating your own private network for a single org. benefits from enterprise control. Will lack benefits of sharing cloud computing, is expensive, and not scalable, and performance may not be as strong. Is however very secure. Hybrid- combination of public and private

The reasons why a company would embrace cloud computing

Simplify management of their it resources (hardware, middleware, and software), can scale up or down available resources capacity, dynamically on demand, reduce and simplify cost, ensures levels of data security, service latency and availability are at least maintained and preferably improved. Enables services to be used without any understanding of infrastructure itself, don't have to acquire expensive software or hardware that a large corp would. Customers pay on a monthly basis instead of one time.

What is the difference between multi and single tenancy?

Single-only 1 company may use a single and only a single serverMulti- 3 different companies all using the same server that the service providers provide

The trends with large and small enterprises and their use of the cloud

Small enterprises- probably use public SaaS and public clouds and minimize growth of their own data centers Large enterprise- use hybrid cloud infrastructure software to leverage both internal and public clouds

In which computing structure does the vendor have the most control?

Software as a Service(SaaS)

What is the "holy grail" of strategic management?

Strategic dominance

State the golden rule, according to your professor

There is no such thing as an IT project; there are business projects about IT.

The differences between total, transitional, and selective outsourcing

Total- all it outsourced Transitional- outsource legacy systems(old system) while working on a new systems Selective- outsource some aspect of it

Know each of the aspects of a beneficial relationship

Trust-degree of confidence and willingness between partners Business understanding-degree of understanding of behaviors goals and policies between partners Benefit risk share-degree of articulation between partners Conflict avoidance-compatibility of activities, resource share and goals between partners Commitment-degree of the pledge between partners

The barriers to cloud adoption

Trusting the vendors security model, inability to respond to audit findings if there's poor security, obtaining support for your own investigations, indirect admin accountability (not able to hold own employee accountable), proprietary implementations can't be examined(can't examine if provider has is comparable), loss of physical control

Application layer activity

User's access to network/software

How the cloud may contribute to the digital divide

Who has access to technology and who doesn't/ richer countries with more resources can invest more into cloud computing technology, having their data centers built there

The process of changing expectations and involving stakeholders in a process or activity that will be changed so that stakeholders have more control over the change is known as? Select one: a. Change management b. Stakeholder management c. Risk management d. Expectation management e. Stakeholder change management

a. Change management

According to Porter, a firm that is focused upon a narrow market and delivering cheap products adopts what type of strategy? Select one: a. Cost Focus b. Differentiation c. Differentiation Focus d. Cost Leadership

a. Cost Focus

In the ____________, IT is used to make pervasive changes in the structure and operation of the economy Select one: a. Digital Revolution b. Platform Revolution c. Industrial economy d. Information Economy

a. Digital Revolution

The identification of the lines of business and components to be documented is part of which step of the EA implementation process? Select one: a. Documentation of the EA b. Use and maintain the EA c. EA Framework and Tool Selection d. Establish an EA Program

a. Documentation of the EA

The plan that ensures a transition from the current to future Enterprise Architecture is known as? Select one: a. EA Management Plan b. EA Program Management Plan c. EA Change Plan d. EA Change Management Plan

a. EA Management Plan

The biggest obstacle to the implementation of EA is what? Select one: a. End user resistance b. Not mitigating the risks c. Not receiving adequate funding d. Lack of stakeholder buy-in e. Not having a chief architect

a. End user resistance

An organization whose boundary is defined by commonly-held goals, processes, and resources is the definition of: Select one: a. Enterprise b. Architecture c. Functional unit d. Line of business e. Company

a. Enterprise

Which of the following is an attribute of the industrial economy? Select one: a. Internal economies of scale b. Uncertainty in the time it takes to achieve a market edge c. Investment in proprietary, knowledge based technologies d. Global competition e. A focus upon matrixed organizations

a. Internal economies of scale

Which of the following statements are true about the platform revolution: Select one: a. Network-based strategy is key to success b. Technology investment is focused upon production c. It takes decades to achieve a market advantage d. External partnerships are not valued e. Growth derives from internal economies of scale and scope

a. Network-based strategy is key to success

In the ____________, IT enables network-based strategies Select one: a. Platform Revolution b. Information Economy c. Digital Revolution d. Industrial economy

a. Platform Revolution

If a firm has implemented EA and they decide to change their network, what is the implication of this? Select one: a. That a firm must review all aspects of the EA to determine how the change will impact the operations and strategy of the firm b. Nothing, the network has nothing to do with the operations and strategy of the firm c. That the network must be the fastest that the firm can afford d. Nothing as long as the change will not impact any of the other components of EA

a. That a firm must review all aspects of the EA to determine how the change will impact the operations and strategy of the firm

The updating of current and future views of the EA is part of which of the following steps of the EA implementation process? Select one: a. Use and maintain the EA b. Establish an EA Program c. Documentation of the EA d. EA Framework and Tool Selection

a. Use and maintain the EA

As executives decide how to change their business, what period do they enter? Select one: a. Valley of death b. EA Program Management c. Strategic Inflection Point d. EA Management Use Plan

a. Valley of death

Network layer activity

addressing/routing

SAAS

all application components and associated hardware or software are outsourced, based on multitenancy, using something like using google docs instead of ms word

IAAS

all hardware is outsourced

Scalability

allows for traffic spikes and minimizes delays.

Elasticity

allows for workload changes by provisioning and de-provisioning resources in an automatic manner, such that at each point in time the available resources match the current demand as closely as possible

PAAS

application logic and data are managed internally, Microsoft azure(given tools and hardware but you build it)

According to Porter, a firm that is focused upon a narrow market and delivering unique products adopts what type of strategy? Select one: a. Differentiation b. Differentiation Focus c. Cost Focus d. Cost Leadership

b. Differentiation Focus

The EA Management Plan component that includes the roles and responsibilities and governance of the EA Plan is? Select one: a. Program Management b. EA Governance Management c. Current Architecture Summary d. EA Glossary and References e. Future Architecture Summary

b. EA Governance Management

Establishing governance for your EA initiative is what step of the EA implementation process? Select one: a. Use and maintain the EA b. Establish an EA Program c. EA Framework and Tool Selection d. Documentation of the EA

b. Establish an EA Program

The process of gathering, incorporating, and managing stakeholder expectations for IT is known as? Select one: a. Risk management b. Expectation management c. Stakeholder management d. Stakeholder change management e. Change management

b. Expectation management

In the ____________, IT is used to manage work better Select one: a. Digital Revolution b. Information Economy c. Industrial economy d. Platform Revolution

b. Information Economy

The business and technology standards for the enterprise in each domain, segment, and component of the EA is which of the following core elements of EA? Select one: a. Framework b. Standards c. Artifacts d. Governance e. Methodology f. Best Practices

b. Standards

The most common organizational structure today is? Select one: a. Machine bureaucracy b. Simple form c. Divisionalized firm d. Adhocracy e. Professional bureaucracy

c. Divisionalized firm

The evaluation of existing business artifacts is part of which of the following steps of the EA implementation process? Select one: a. EA Framework and Tool Selection b. Establish an EA Program c. Documentation of the EA d. Use and maintain the EA

c. Documentation of the EA

The ultimate goal for a successful IT department is? Select one: a. Enterprise Architecture b. Adopting IT Standards c. IT-business alignment d. Creating an IT Strategy e. Supporting the business

c. IT-business alignment

Which of the following is not a risk of EA? Select one: a. Requires new software and tools b. Schedule delays c. Lack of change management d. Financial e. Lack of acceptance

c. Lack of change management

Who is responsible for promoting the identification of IT-related requirements for each line of business for EA? Select one: a. Solutions Architect b. Data Architect c. Line of Business Managers d. Chief Architect e. CIO

c. Line of Business Managers

From a software perspective, what is the current trend today? Select one: a. Enterprise systems b. Custom software c. Software in the cloud d. Client-server software e. Off-the shelf software

c. Software in the cloud

Metcalfe's law states which of the following? Select one: a. The value of a value web is proportional to the square of the number of connected organizations b. The value of a value web is proportional to the log of the number of connected organizations to the system c. The value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system d. The value of a network is proportional to the log of the number of connected users of a system e. The value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the sum of the number of connected users of the system

c. The value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system

Which of the following is the most famous framework of EA? Select one: a. PERA b. PERA c. Zachman d. Walker e. SAGA

c. Zachman

The definition of outsourcing

contracting out or selling a firm's it assets, people, and/or activities to a third party vendor who provides and manages those assets for an agreed fee

Data link layer activity

controls hardware, formats the message

Enterprise Architecture requires which of the following to be documented: Select one: a. Strategic goals b. Strategic initiatives c. Strategic tools d. A and B, but not C e. A and C, but not B

d. A and B, but not C

Which of the following challenges are firms confronting today? Select one: a. Silo syndrome b. Optimization of process goals over functional goals c. A lack of vertical and horizontal integration d. A and C, but not B e. A and B, but not C

d. A and C, but not B

The proven ways to implement parts of the overall architecture of EA is which of the following core elements of EA? Select one: a. Artifacts b. Governance c. Framework d. Best Practices e. Standards f. Methodology

d. Best Practices

According to Porter, a firm that is focused upon a broad market and delivering cheap products adopts what type of strategy? Select one: a. Differentiation b. Cost Focus c. Differentiation Focus d. Cost Leadership

d. Cost Leadership

The scope of the overall architecture and the type and relationship of the various sub-architecture levels and threads is which of the following core elements of Enterprise Architecture Select one: a. Methodology b. Artifacts c. Governance d. Framework e. Standards f. Best Practices

d. Framework

The degree to which the information technology mission, objectives, plans, and technology support and are supported by the business mission, objectives, plans, and business process defines: Select one: a. Enterprise Architecture b. IT Strategy c. Change Management d. IT-Business Alignment e. None of the above

d. IT-Business Alignment

In the ____________, IT is used to perform existing information work more quickly and efficiently Select one: a. Platform Revolution b. Digital Revolution c. Information Economy d. Industrial economy

d. Industrial economy

The chief architect of the EA is responsible for what activity? Select one: a. Facilitate the establishment of the EA b. Promotion of IT-related requirements for the firm c. Identifying solutions for the lack of alignment with the EA d. Managing the EA program

d. Managing the EA program

An organization where nearly all significant business processes enable a parternship with customers, suppliers, and employees that goes beyond traditional organizational boundaries is known as? Select one: a. Network firm b. Digital firm c. Enterprise d. Social firm e. Platform firm

d. Social firm

The champion of the EA program is known as? Select one: a. Research Analyst b. Chief Architect c. EA Expert d. Sponsor e. EA Champion

d. Sponsor

The point in which a firm ceases growing is known as? Select one: a. Adaptation Point b. Strategic Point of Change c. Strategic Flexibility Point d. Strategic Inflection Point

d. Strategic Inflection Point

Which of the following are a result of Enterprise Architecture? Select one: a. Top-down management planning b. To provide for resource planning without a strategic motivation c. Bottom-down executive planning d. Strategic, structural, and social alignment e. IT to be implemented before business requirements are defined

d. Strategic, structural, and social alignment

An elaborate and systematic plan of action is known as the company ____________? Select one: a. Governance b. SWOT c. Enterprise Architecture d. Strategy e. Operational plan

d. Strategy

Enterprise Architecture requires which of the following to be documented: Select one: a. Supporting strategic goals b. Documentation of executive activities c. Supporting technologies d. A and B, but not C e. A and C, but not B

e. A and C, but not B

Which of the following will EA change? Select one: a. Influence, authority, and control b. Organizational structures c. Management techniques d. Data ownership e. All of the above

e. All of the above

The types and methods of documentation to be used in the EA is which of the following core elements of EA? Select one: a. Methodology b. Governance c. Framework d. Standards e. Artifacts f. Best Practices

e. Artifacts

The term functional silo means a focus upon what? Select one: a. Process objectives b. Process goals c. Enterprise objectives d. IT objectives e. Functional objectives

e. Functional objectives

The specific steps to establish and maintain an EA program is which of the following core elements of Enterprise Architecture Select one: a. Framework b. Standards c. Governance d. Artifacts e. Methodology f. Best Practices

e. Methodology

All enterprise architecture frameworks have the following in common: Select one: a. Components b. Ease of implementation c. Tools d. Methods e. None of the above

e. None of the above

What is the current trend of the use of data today? Select one: a. Data capture b. Data curation c. Data warehousing d. Data infrastructure e. Predictive analytics

e. Predictive analytics

Which of the following is an attribute of the platform revolution? Select one: a. Building infrastructure that would take decades to replicate b. Investments in proprietary, knowledge based technologies c. Efficiency of the work force d. A focus upon hierarchical coordination of management structures e. Shared economies of scale

e. Shared economies of scale

The planning, decision-making, and oversight processes and groups that will determine how the EA is developed and maintained is which of the following core elements of EA? Select one: a. Artifacts b. Standards c. Framework d. Methodology e. Best Practices f. Governance

f. Governance

Transport layer activity

link application layer to network

Resiliency

mirrored solutions to minimize downtime in the event of a disaster by mirroring. Gives businesses the sustainability they need during unanticipated events

Homogeneity

no matter which cloud provider and architecture an organization uses, an open cloud will make it easy for them to work with other groups, even if those other groups choose different providers and architectures. Very difficult to accomplish

Physical layer activity

transmits message