ISDS406 Final Exam

Three primary hardware components:

-Client Computers -Servers -Network

What are is not one of the Four basic functions of software:

-Data Storage -Data Access Logic -Application Logic -Presentation Logic

What does UML stand for and what is its objective?

-Unified Modeling Language -The objective of the UML is to provide a common vocabulary of object-based terms and diagramming techniques that is rich enough to model any systems development project from analysis to design.

What are ways to acquire a new System?

1) System development in-house 2) Buying software packages 3) Outsource development to experts

What are the 3 binary Relationships for ER- Diagrams

1) one-to-one 2) one-to-many 3) many-to-many

What are the steps to creating a physical DFD?

1. Add Implementation References 2. Draw a Human-Machinery Boundary 3. Add System-Related Data Stores, Data Flows, and Processes 4. Update the Data Elements in the Data Flows 5. Update the Metadata in the Computer-Aided Software Engineering Repository

What are the three types of processes in a process model (for structure charts)?

1. Afferent process 2. Central process 3. Efferent process

What are the three elements of a conversion strategy?

1. Conversion Style (Direct, Parallel) 2. Conversion Locations (Pilot, Phased, Simultaneous) 3. Conversion Modules (Whole, Module)

What are the three acquisition strategies?

1. Custom development in-house 2. Purchase software package 3. Outsource development to third party

The four basic functions of software are....

1. Data Storage 2. Data Access Logic 3. Application Logic 4. Presentation Logic

What are the 6 principles for user interface design?

1. Layout 2. Content awareness 3. Aesthetics 4. Usage level 5. Consistency 6. Minimize user effort

What are the principles of user interface design?

1. Layout 2. Content awareness 3. Aesthetics 4. Usage level 5. Consistency 6. Minimize user effort

What are the three Layout areas?

1. Navigation area (top) 2. Status area (bottom) 3. Work area (middle)

What are the three key mechanisms of the user interface?

1. Navigation mechanism 2. Input mechanism 3. Output mechanism

What are the three steps of migration plan?

1. Preparing the Business 2. Preparing the Technology 3. Preparing the People

What are the 3 important POST-implementation activities?

1. Provide Support 2. Provide Maintenance 3. Assess the Project

What are the steps in change management?

1. Revise management policies 2. Assess costs and benefits models of potential adopters 3. Motivate adoption 4. Enable people to adopt

What are the key factors in selecting a conversion strategy?

1. Risk 2. Cost 3. Time

What are the two types of documentation?

1. System Documentation 2. User Documentation

What are the five types of documentation navigation?

1. Table of contents 2. Index 3. Text search 4. Agent search 5. Links between documents

What are the two types of arrangement structures for process models?

1. Transaction structure 2. Transform structure

What are the 5 steps in UI design process?

1. Understand the users 2. Organize the interface 3. Define standards 4. Develop prototypes 5. Testing

List three steps process of change

1. Unfreeze, 2. Move, 3. Refreeze

What are the 3 steps of managing the transition to a new system?

1. Unfreezing 2. Moving 3. Refreezing

What are the four fundamental UML diagrams, and which of the four serves as the basis or starting point for the rest?

1. Use Case Diagrams 2. Class Diagrams 3. Sequence Diagrams 4. Behavioral State Machine Diagrams Of the four, Use Cases are always created first and serve as the basis or starting point for the rest.

OO-Approach: What is a Class?

A class is the general template used to define and create specific instances or objects.

What is a business contingency plan?

A contingency plan is a plan devised for an outcome other than in the usual (expected) plan. It is often used for risk management when an exceptional risk that, though unlikely, would have catastrophic consequences

What is an object?

A data construct that provides a description of something that may be used by a computer such as a processor

What is a help desk?

A help desk provides phone service for previously known issues. Level 1 help desk support has a broad, high-level knowledge of issues, while Level 2 has specialists who can assist with previously unresolved issues.

In mobile architecture (where the client is a mobile device), what is a rich client and what is a thin Web-based client?

A rich client is one that requires camera or GPS and only occasionally connects to the server Web-base client are for when applications can rely on the server.

If someone said they wrote a STUB into the program, what would be displayed when the code has run?

A stub is just a placeholder for a module. It will display a simple test message on the screen or return a hardcoded value.

What is the difference between a transaction structure and a transform structure?

A transaction structure is concerned with coordinating the production of several outputs from few inputs. A transform structure is concerned with using several inputs to create few outputs.

What is the process of coordinating a program as it changes through construction called? A. Change control B. Separation of duties C. Judicial control D. Scope creep

A. Change control

What methodology is used for OO approach the Most?

Agile approach

What is an interface design prototype?

An interface design prototype is a mock-up or a simulation of a computer screen, form, or report. a prototype is prepared for each interface in the system to show the users how the system will perform and what is being developed.

What is an interface structure diagram (ISD)?

An interface structure diagram (ISD) is used to show how all the screens, forms, and reports used by the system are related and how the user moves from one to another.

Which of the following object's behavior below is implemented by? A. Actor B. Method C. Attribute D. Class

B. Method

What SDLC stage can determine the business needs for an information systems project? A. The design phase B. The analysis phase C. The dissection stage D. The installation stage

B. The analysis phase

What is the correct focus of training on a new system? A. Train the user on what the system can do. B. Train the user on what the user needs to do with the system. C. None of the Above D. Both A & B.

B. Train the user on what the user needs to do with the system.

What testing focuses on whether the unit meets requirements stated in specification?

Black Box Testing focuses on whether the unit meets requirements stated in specification

What is the fifth step in the user interface design process? A. Design interface standards B. Creating an interface design prototype C. Do an interface evaluation D. Develop the interface structure diagram

C. Do an interface evaluation

The combining of process and data into a single entity is called ______ A. Extrapolation B. Abstraction C. Encapsulation D. Attribution

C. Encapsulation

If an adopter just goes with the flow to support or resist the system and react based off of other coworkers reactions, then they are considered a: A. Ready Adopter B. Resistant Adopter C. Reluctant Adopter D. None of the Above.

C. Reluctant Adopter

A document that list procedures for dealing with the worst case scenario and work- arounds focuses on keeping the business up and running in the event of IT problems.

Contingency plan.

Which of the factors below is not important to selecting a conversion strategy? A. Risk B. Cost C. Time D. None of the Above

D. None of the Above

What is the most technically complicated step in the migration plan?

Data conversion

Give at least one example of a service/application that utilizes Cloud Computing

Dropbox, Google Docs, Microsoft OneNote, Microsoft SharePoint, Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, & many more..

Give examples of cloud computing

Dropbox, Quickbooks Amazon

During which phase(s) should "unfreezing" typically start?

During the analysis and design phases.

(True or False) When a company undergo a change that will benefit them as an organization, there will always be no resistance to that change from the employees and staff of the organization.

False

What two things can project assessment estimate to help future projects?

Future costs and future benefits

What technologies are used to create cross-platform apps?

HTML5, JavaScript

Two major architectural components in Architecture Design:

Hardware and Software

Define Freezing (in regards to transition to a new system)

Institutionalizing new habits of task completion after retraining.

What are the benefits of source data automation and name examples?

It reduces duplicate work and processing time, decreases cost and probability of error. Examples include: bar code readers, scanners, magnetic stripe readers

What is level 1 support?

Level 1 support have broad computer skills and are able to respond to a wide range of request such as a help desk.

What is the difference between Level 1 support staff and Level 2 support staff?

Level 1 support staff possess broad computer skills and are able to respond to a wide range of requests, from network & hardware problems to problems with both commercial software and business application software that has been developed in-house. Level 2 support staff are those who know the application system well and can provide expert advice. For a new system, they are usually selected during the implementation phase, becoming familiar with the system as it is being tested.

What are the elements in the left column of HW/SW specification?

Operating system, special software, hardware, network

The four primary types of nonfunctional requirements are:

Operational requirements, performance requirements, security requirements, and cultural and political requirements.

If an organization wants to implement a custom system with unique business needs and do not have technical expertise in-house, which of the three acquisition strategies should they pursue?

Outsource to a third party to build the system.

In regards to transitioning to a new system, what is a change agent?

The change agent leads the change effort.

Is the 'three-clicks rule'?

The information a user desires should take no more than three mouse clicks to reach.

What is a Physical Process Model?

The program units and their processing logic such as application and interface program

In regards to transitioning to a new system, what is a sponsor?

The sponsor wants the change to occur.

What is a structure chart?

The structure chart shows all the components of code that must be included in a program at a high level, arranged in a hierarchical format that implies sequence, selection, and iteration.

What happens during the Implementation Stage?

The systems is built, tested and integrated into the environment

List at least 2 Categories of Testing.

Unit testing, Integration testing, System testig, Acceptance testing

What is the 3 clicks rule

Users should be able to go from the start or main menu of a system to the information or action they want in no more than three mouse clicks or three keystrokes.

What is direct conversion?

When the new system instantly replaces the old system

What testing looks inside the module at actual code?

White-Box Testing

What is parallel conversion?

a method for transferring between a previous (IT) system to a target (IT) system in an organization. In order to reduce risk, the old and new system run simultaneously for some period of time after which, if the criteria for the new system are met, the old system is disabled.

4). What types of evaluations are done during the last step of the User Interface design process?

a). Heuristic evaluation - Compare design to checklist b). Walkthrough evaluation -Team simulates movement through components c). Interactive evaluation -Users try out the system d) .Formal usability testing - Detailed use of special lab testing

Is the three-clicks rule having to do with how many clicks ?

an unofficial web design rule concerning the design of website navigation. It suggests that a user of a website should be able to find any information with no more than three mouse clicks.

It has been announced that some of the computers at the Kalos University has been upgraded to Windows 10 starting with their Business building, then Humanities Building, and Math and Science Building and the rest of the University after that. What kind of conversion strategy is the University using? a. Conversion Location; Pilot conversion b. Conversion Modules; Modular Conversion (Module by Module) c. Conversion Location; Phased conversion d. Conversion Style; Parallel conversion

c. Conversion Location; Phased conversion

All of the following is true except a. Level 1 is Broad Knowledge b. Level 2 is Specialists in an application system c. Level 3 is Executives d. Both a and b is false e. All choices are correct

c. Level 3 is Executives

Hellcat Inc., a company that makes superchargers for American brand cars such as a Dodge SRT Hellcat and Chevy Corvette wants to create a network infrastructure system that connects to all of the R&D department throughout the company. Hellcat Inc. has created an IT proposal to their IT people to figure out how to implement an infrastructure that runs on Windows and Linux while supporting their propriety software used to configure the supercharger's settings. The proposed budget is $50,000. Which approach is more suited for this project? a. Purchase software packages b. Custom Development c. Outsourcing d. More than one possible choices

d. More than one possible choices

When are the 2 stages of acceptance testing? a. Alpha Testing b. Delta Testing c. Usability testing d. Beta Testing e. A & D f. All of the above

e. A & D

Which of these are examples of User Documentation? a. FAQs b. User Manual c. Video Tutorials d. Training Manuals e. B & D f. All of the above

e. B & D

What is the physical process model for?

it shows the implementation details and explain how the system will work

What is a Wireframe diagram?

part of the interface prototype that shows a box outline where elements will be placed.

What is virtualization?

producing virtual devices and resources like server or storage devices.

What is cloud computing?

storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet instead of your computer's hard drive

what is system specification?

system specification is the final deliverable of the design phase. It conveys exactly what system the development team will implement during the implementation phase

What is the final deliverable of the design phase?

the system specification

What are RFP, RFI, and RFQ?

RFP(Request for Proposal) RFI(Request for Information) RFQ(Request for Quote)

What are ready adopters, and what percent of total potential adopters do they represent on average?

Ready adopters recognize the benefits, quickly adopt the system, and become proponents of the system. About 20%-30% of adopters will be ready adopters.

RFI

Request for Information -Used to gather info about products and services offered by vendors. Shorter and less detailed. For smaller cheaper projects.

RFP

Request for Proposal -Solicits for a formal proposal from a potential vendor. Describes the system or service that is needed.

RFQ

Request for Quote -Used when list of equipment is so complete that it's just a matter of asking the vendor how much it will cost.

What are resistant adopters, and what percent of total potential adopters do they represent on average?

Resistant adopters simply refuse to accept the change, and they fight against it. About 20%-30% of adopters will be resistant adopters.

Define Transition (in regards to transition to a new system)

Retraining the users in task completion duties within the new system.

What key factors are in selecting a conversion strategy?

Risk, cost, and time

A document that visually depicts the modules of a system and how they should fit together when they are coded by programmers is called...

Structure Chart

What are the two major groupings of UML diagrams?

Structure Diagrams: are used for representing the data and static relationships that are in an information system. Behavior diagrams: provide the analyst with a way to depict the dynamic relationships among the instances or objects that represent the business information system. They also allow the modeling of dynamic behavior of individual objects throughout their lifetime. The behavior diagrams support the analyst in modeling the functional requirements of an evolving information system.

What is System Analysis ?

System Analysis one figures out what the business/client needs.

What are the three techniques in the feasibility analysis?

Technical feasibility, economic feasibility, and organizational feasibility.

A computer running Chrome and Rocket League is an example of

Thick-client

Define Unfreezing (in regards to transition to a new system)

To get the users out of their existing habits of task completion.

Is the final deliverable of the design phase System Specification? T/F

True

True or False: A parallel conversion strategy is less risky than a direct conversion strategy.

True