IT 105 mt

calculating how many bits in a KB digital audio file

#KBs X 2^10 X 8

vector graphics vs bitmap graphics

-Resize better than bitmaps -Require less storage space -Not as realistic as bitmap images -Editing an object is easier than in bitmap

The carry bit status two`s complement arithmetic operation 7-5= +2 is:

1

The overflow bit status if adding two negative numbers yields to a positive number is

1

Graphics stored in True Color format require _____ bits for each pixel.

24

Kilo Byte (KB)

2^10

Mega Byte (MB)

2^20

Giga Byte (GB)

2^30

Tera Byte (TB)

2^40

How many unique locations can be represented with 5 bits address?

32

How many "adds" does it take the ALU to process a 64 bit number if the word length is 16?

4

What is the minimum standard sampling frequency that is used to digitize audio signals for CD-quality music?

44,100 Hz

How many different values can 3 bits represent?

8

octal is known as base

8

1 byte

8 bits

Which of the following represents an AND gate:

A*B

Which component of the CPU is responsible for arithmetic and logical operations?

ALU

Which of the following functions is supported by a computer?

Accepting data and Processing data Producing output Storing results

ASCII stands for:

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Which of the following statements defines a computer?

Any device capable of processing information to produce a desired result. A programmable device capable of accepting input, processing input, and producing output

Which of the following translates assembly language code to machine code?

Assembler

x86 processors use ____________.

CISC technology

Which component of the CPU is used to store frequently used instructions and data?

Cache memory

Which of the following indicates the amount of time between two pulses of an oscillator (1 and 0) and measures the speed of the processor?

Clock cycle

Gates are also known as:

Combinational logic elements

A program counter is a register in a computer processor that:

Contains the address of the instruction being executed at the current time.

What are CPU cycles during instruction processing? List in the correct order.

Fetch, decode, execute, write-back (Find duh elephants we bought)

processor instruction execution methods (IPOS)

I (Input) = obtains raw data to deliver to the computer. P (Processing) = processing converts that data to information. O (Output) = information output to allow user to obtain results. S (Storage) = permanent placement of information on a device for record.

A NOT gate is also know as an (a):

Inverter and Complimenter

An accumulator is a register in a computer processor that:

Is a temporary memory to hold the result of arithmetic operations

Audio compression is usually _____________.

Lossy

Lossy vs. Lossless compression

Lossy Compression = When compressing data, some of that data is lost from the original data in order to obtain more compression, which also results in minor loss of quality in the image. Example = JPEG Lossless Compression = When compressing data, none of the original data gets lost and there's no degradation of quality. Example = GIF

When a user launches a piece of software, such as from the hard disk, the instructions and data that correspond to the software and reside in RAM are in the form of

Machine Language

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Memory modules on the motherboard containing microchips used to temporarily hold data and programs while the CPU processes both. Information in RAM is lost when the PC is turned off.

RAM vs nonvolatile RAM

RAM is the physical hardware inside a computer that temporarily stores data, serving as the computer's "working" memory. VRAM is non-volatile RAM. By "non-volatile", we mean that the contents of NVRAM are not lost when the router is powered down or reloaded.

fastest to slowest cache

Registers, L1 Cache, L2 Cache, Main memory, Hard disk, Tape, Blu-ray, DVD, CD

SRAM vs DRAM

SRAM: Easy to use, Subclass of RAM, Faster but expensive, Uses cross-coupled transistors, Cache memory since it's easier to access and more efficient. DRAM: Difficult to use, Subclass of RAM, Slower but cheaper, Uses a semiconductor technology, Built into DRAMs, CPUs, and motherboard bridge chips, Main memory since it needs to be refreshed often to retain data

volatile memory

Storage (such as RAM) that is wiped clean when power is cut off from a device.

word size

The number of bits that a CPU can manipulate at one time, which is dependent on the size of the registers in the CPU, and the number of data lines in the bus.

TRUE or FALSE: A characteristic of bitmap graphics is that they are resolution dependent, so that reducing the resolution also reduces the image quality.

True

TRUE or FALSE: In the Von Neumann Model, communication between the memory and processing unit consists of the Memory Address Register (MAR) and the Memory Data Register (MDR).

True

TRUE or FALSE: Vector graphics require less storage space than bitmaps, but vectors can be enlarged without becoming pixelated.

True

___________________is a representation of a 3-D object using separate lines, which resemble wire, to create a model

Wireframe

Which type of signal varies smoothly and continuously over time?

analog signal

One example of a low-level programming language is what?

assembly language

The length of the binary code that the camera generates for each pixel is called the

bit depth

two's complement

change to positive, find binary of 5 bits, flip the results, add 1

A MUX is another ______________________ logic circuit.

combinational

Which of the following transforms high-level source code in a high-level programming language into a low level object code (binary code)?

compiler

Decimal to Hexadecimal

divide decimal by 16 then convert top and remainder to hex

When the control unit swings into action, which step comes first?

fetch an instruction

Which step in the research process is a tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences to a scientific question?

formulating the hypothesis

The number of frames that are displayed per second is the ____________

frame rate

The ________________is an example of a simple, functional digital circuit built from two logic gates.

half adder

calculating storage needed for one video frame in true color format

horizontal pixel X vertical pixel X 24

calculate file size of an image in terms of MB

horizontal pixels X vertical pixels X bit depth DIVIDED by 8 DIVIDED by 1024 DIVIDED again by 1024

Calculate the size of a video file in terms of GB

horizontal pixels X vertical pixels X bit depth DIVIDED by 8 DIVIDED by 2^30 X 60 X minutes X fps

which operation improves the brightness, color, saturation, and focus of a bitmap graphic

image enhancement

__________ stores only the pixels that change color from one frame to the next

interframe compression

An ______________________is a contrasting scanning technique that produces an image by drawing every other line, then going back and filling in the in-between lines

interlaced scan

Which CPU cache allows a microprocessor to access data the fastest?

level 1 cache (L1)

Which step in the research process tells the reader what other researchers have discovered about the topic of the paper, or tells the reader about other relevant research?

literature review

_____________ provides a way to compress data and reconstitute it into its original state; uncompressed data stays exactly the same as the original data. Reduces the file size, not the quality

lossless compression

Which numbering system is related to the following series of numbers? 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 , 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30

octal

A decoder is a piece of hardware that transforms ______________ into control signals

opcodes

Which Processor Instruction Execution method simultaneous use of more than one processor (multiple cores) to execute a program?

parallel processing

Which Processor Instruction Execution method allows a processor to begin executing an instruction before completing the previous instruction?

pipeline processing

Which of the following is measured in terms of GHz?

processor speed

Which of the following is a memory element that temporary holds a single unit or word of data?

registers

______________is a type of lossless compression that replaces a series of similarly colored pixels with a binary code that indicates the number of pixels and their colors

run-length encoding

_________________ refers to the number of times per second that a sound is measured during the recording process.

sampling rate

Which Processor Instruction Execution method processes data one instruction at a time, completing one instruction before beginning another?

serial processing

____________________is the process by which machines produce sound that resembles spoken words (Digital to Analog conversion).

speech synthesis

Color depth (bit depth)

the number of bits stored in a dot (pixel). The higher the number the more true the colors

First task to digitize information is __________.

to reduce infinite number of measurements to a finite number

TRUE or FALSE: The term 'stored program' means that a series of instructions for a computing task can be loaded into a computer's memory.

true

convert hex to dec

use base 16 as exponents right to left starting at 16^0 then multiply by dec# as hex# and then add all

octal to decimal

use base 8 as exponents right to left starting at 8^0 then multiply by given # and add all