IT-330 Database Systems Chap 1 & 2

Three basic characteristics of Big Data databases: volume, velocity, and variety.

3 Vs

The group that accepted the DBTG recommendations and augmented database standards in 1975 through its SPARC committee.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

In the ________, the three-pronged symbol used to represent the "many" side of the relationship of the ER model. a. Crow's Foot notation b. Chen notation c. class diagram notation d. logical design diagram notation

Answer: a. Crow's Foot notation In the Crow's Foot notation, the three-pronged symbol used to represent the "many" side of the relationship of the ER model.

The ________ manages interaction between the end user and the database. a. DBMS b. DP c. DBM query engine d. Data warehouse

Answer: a. DBMS or Data base management system The DBMS manages interaction between the end user and the database.

What is the name for an answer to a query that the DBMS sends back to the application? a. Query result set b. Data result set c. DBMS result d. Question result

Answer: a. Query result set Query result set is the name for an answer to a query that the DBMS sends back to the application.

A single-user database that runs on a personal computer is called a(n) ________ database. a. desktop b. enterprise c. distributed d. workgroup

Answer: a. desktop A single-user database that runs on a personal computer is called a desktop database.

One of the advantages of a relational data model is ________. a. easier database design b. structural dependence c. conceptual complexity d. complex database design

Answer: a. easier database design One of the advantages of relational data model is easier database design.

In the ________ data model, both data and their relationships are contained in a single structure. a. object-oriented b. network c. relational d. entity relationship

Answer: a. object-oriented In the object-oriented data model (OODM), both data and their relationships are contained in a single structure.

All fields for a specific entity can be grouped together as a ________. a. record b. database c. group d. file

Answer: a. record All fields for a specific entity can be grouped together as a record.

An ad hoc query is a ________. a. spur-of-the-moment question b. question that will not return any results c. a request with low priority d. pre-planned request

Answer: a. spur-of-the-moment question An ad hoc query is a spur-of-the-moment question.

Which of the following modern development gave the use of complex objects a boost? a. the Internet revolution b. object-oriented programming c. development of portable storage devices d. creation of mainframes

Answer: a. the Internet revolution The Internet revolution gave the use of complex objects a boost.

Which of the following DBMS functions relieves users from defining and programming the physical data characteristics? a. Data integrity management b. Data storage management c. Data dictionary management d. Data backup and recovery

Answer: b. Data Storage management The DBMS creates and manages the complex structures required for data storage, thus relieving you from the difficult task of defining and programming the physical data characteristics.

________ are the instructions and rules that govern the design and use of the database system. a. Data b. Procedures c. Software d. Hardware

Answer: b. Procedures Procedures are the instructions and rules that govern the design and use of the database system.

The network database models have ________. a. a great deal of structural independence b. an owner/member relationship that promotes database integrity c. a simple system that promotes efficiency d. a navigational system that yields simple design

Answer: b. an owner/member relationship that promotes database integrity The network database models have an owner/member relationship that promotes database integrity.

A(n) ________ model is independent of both hardware and software. a. implementation b. conceptual c. developmental d. physical

Answer: b. conceptual A conceptual model is independent of both hardware and software.

Wider access to well-managed data promotes a(n) ________ view of the organization's operations and a clearer view of the big picture. a. fragmented b. integrated c. automatic d. obscure

Answer: b. integrated Wider access to well-managed data promotes a integrated view of the organization's operations and a clearer view of the big picture.

XML databases have emerged to address the need to manage ________ data within the native XML format. a. relational b. object-oriented c. structured d. unstructured

Answer: b. object-oriented Extensible Markup Language (XML) emerged as the de facto standard for the efficient and effective exchange of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data in the object-oriented data model.

A ________ database supports a relatively small number of users or a specific department within the organization. a. enterprise b. workgroup c. desktop d. cloud

Answer: b. workgroup A workgroup database supports a relatively small number of users or a specific department within the organization.

A way of classifying data models is by degree of ________. a. knowledge b. difficulty c. abstraction d. unification

Answer: c. abstraction A way of classifying data models is by degree of abstraction. Levels of abstraction can be very helpful in integrating multiple (and sometimes conflicting) views of data at different levels of an organization.

Which of the following data models was developed most recently? a. network b. file system c. column store d. relational

Answer: c. column store Column store data model is one of the most recent NoSQL database.

Database designers use ________ to communicate with programmers and end users. a. organization map b. application program c. data model d. access control

Answer: c. data model Database designers use data models to communicate with programmers and end users.

A database that supports data distributed across several different sites is called a(n) ________ database. a. workgroup b. enterprise c. distributed d. desktop

Answer: c. distributed A database that supports data across several different sites is called a distributed database.

A CUSTOMER ________ would be described by attributes such as customer last name, customer first name, customer phone, customer address, and customer credit limit. a. constraint b. model c. entity d. relationship

Answer: c. entity An entity is a person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored. An entity represents a particular type of object in the real world.

The most widely used conceptual model is the ________ model. a. relational b. object-oriented c. entity relationship d. hierarchical

Answer: c. entity relationship The most widely used conceptual model is the entity relationship(ER) model.

A(n) ________ allows the user to specify what must be done without specifying how it must be done. a. compilation-oriented language b. object-oriented language c. nonprocedural language d. procedural language

Answer: c. nonprocedural language A nonprocedural language is one that lets the user specify what must be done without having to specify how.

Which of the following products do not provide an enterprise database? a. IBM DB2 b. Oracle RDBMS c. MSQL Server d. MS Access

Answer: d. MS Access MS Access does not provide an enterprise database.

What is the name for data about data? a. Raw data b. Superdata c. End-user data d. Metadata

Answer: d. Metadata Metadata is the name for data about data.

A raw fact such as a telephone number is known as ________. a. information b. a file c. knowledge d. data

Answer: d. data Data consists of raw facts, such as a telephone number, a birth date, a customer name, and a year-to-date (YTD) sales value.

Which model represents the end users' view of the data environment? a. conceptual b. internal c. physical d. external

Answer: d. external The external model is the end users' view of the data environment.

The ________ model is represented by an upside-down tree. a. entity relationship b. relational c. network d. hierarchical

Answer: d. hierarchical

When you can change the internal model without affecting the conceptual model, you have ________. a. conceptual separation b. physical independence c. structural distinction d. logical independence

Answer: d. logical independence When you can change the internal model without affecting the conceptual model, you have logical independence.

The hierarchical database model depicts a set of ________ relationships. a. many-to-many b. many-to-one c. one-to-one d. one-to-many

Answer: d. one-to-many The hierarchical database model depicts a set of one-to-many relationships.

The ________ model is the current database implementation standard. a. object-oriented b. network c. hierarchical d. relational

Answer: d. relational The relational model is the current database implementation standard.

In the context of hierarchical structures, a ________ is the equivalent of a file system's record type. a. field b. root c. fragment d. segment

Answer: d. segment In the context of hierarchical structures, a segment is the equivalent of a file system's record type.

________ ensure that the database is functioning properly. a. Database administrators b. End users c. System administrators d. Database designers

Answer: a. Database administrators Database administrators ensure that the database is functioning properly.

________ deals with fixing the database after a failure such as a disk or power failure. a. Recovery b. Access control c. Backup d. Security

Answer: a. Recovery Recovery deals with fixing the database after a failure such as a disk or power failure.

A movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of Web-generated data and derive business insight from it, while simultaneously providing high performance and scalability at a reasonable cost.

Big Data

A spur-of-the moment question

ad hoc query

A database focused primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making.

analytical database

A characteristic of an entity or object. An attribute has a name and a data type.

attribute

A comprehensive, cohesive, and integrated set of tools and processes used to capture, collect, integrate, store, and analyze data with the purpose of generating and presenting information to support business decision making.

business intelligence

A description of a policy, procedure, or principle within an organization. For example, a pilot cannot be on duty for more than 10 hours during a 24-hour period, or a professor may teach up to four classes during a semester.

business rule

A database located at a single site.

centralized database

A collection of similar objects with shared structure and behavior. A class encapsulates an object's data representation and a method's implementation. Classes are organized in a class hierarchy.

class

A diagram used to represent data and their relationships in UML object notation.

class diagram

The set of symbols used in the creation of class diagrams.

class diagram notation

The organization of classes in a hierarchical tree in which each parent class is a superclass and each child class is a subclass.

class hierachy

One of three types of nodes used in the Hadoop Distributed File System. The client node acts as the interface between the user application and the HDFS.

client node

A database that is created and maintained using cloud services, such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon's AWS.

cloud database

Raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end user.

data

A data abnormality in which inconsistent changes have been made to a database. For example, an employee moves, but the address change is not corrected in all files in the database.

data anomaly

A data condition in which data representation and manipulation are dependent on the physical data storage characteristics.

data dependence

A DBMS component that stores metadata about data. Thus, the data dictionary contains the data definition as well as their characteristics and relationships. A data dictionary may also include data that are external to the DBMS. Also known as an information resource dictionary.

data dictionary

A condition in which different versions of the same data yield different results.

data inconsistency

A condition in which data access is unaffected by changes in the physical data storage characteristics.

data independence

In a relational database, a condition in which the data in the database comply with all entity and referential integrity constraints.

data integrity

A process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval. Common data management functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing.

data management

A DP specialist who evolved into a department supervisor. Roles include managing technical and human resources, supervising senior programmers, and troubleshooting the program.

data processing manager

A comprehensive approach to ensuring the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of data.

data quality

An integrated, subject-oriented, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data that provides support for decision making, according to Bill Inmon, the acknowledged father of the data warehouse.

data warehouse