IT Project Management Chapters 1-3

32. Which of the following is true of low-end tools of the project management software? a. They are designed for especially large projects with multiple users. b. Their main advantage is that they have unlimited functionality. c d. They are referred to as an enterprise project management software.

ANS: C In a project management software, low-end tools provide basic project management features and are often recommended for small projects and single users.

23. Which of the following questions reflect the strategic goals of project portfolio management? a. Are we carrying out projects well? b. Are projects on time and on budget? c. Are we investing in the right areas? d. Do stakeholders know what they should be doing?

ANS: C c. Are we investing in the right areas?

18. Which of the following is a planning process associated with project scope management? a. Collecting requirements b. Performing qualitative risk analysis c. Planning schedule management d. Estimating costs

a. Collecting requirements

20. _____ are an output of the executing process of project integration management. a. Deliverables b. Issue logs c. Resource calendars d. Enterprise environmental factor updates

a. Deliverables

1. _____ involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project. a. Developing the project charter b. Developing the preliminary project scope statement c. Developing the project management plan d. Performing integrated change control

a. Developing the project charter

31. Which of the following refers to a set of principles that guides decision making based on personal values of what is considered right and wrong? a. Ethics b. Civics c. Laws d. Politics

a. Ethics

37. Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development? a. In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration. b. An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible. c. Agile is a predictive model of software development. d. In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.

a. In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.

24. Which of the following is true of the project life cycle? a. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest. b. In the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest. c. It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases. d. More resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project than during the middle or final phases.

a. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

1. _____ processes include defining and authorizing a project or project phase. a. Initiating c. Executing b. Planning d. Monitoring and controlling

a. Initiating

17. Which of the following tools can best help in efficient communication management? a. Kick-off meetings b. Impact matrices c. Requests for quotes d. Fast tracking

a. Kick-off meetings

33. Which of the following types of tools is usually recommended for small projects and single users? a. Low-end b. Midrange c. High-end d. Upper range

a. Low-end

16. _____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession. a. Member identity b. People focus c. Group emphasis d. Unit integration

a. Member identity

29. A _____ is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization. a. Project Management Office b. Project Management Professional c. Project Management Center d. Portfolio Group

a. Project Management Office

4. Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which of the following constraints is Galaxy currently facing? a. Resources b. Time c. Scope d. Cost

a. Resources

27. A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format. a. calendar b. line graph c. bar graph d. pie chart

a. calendar

23. A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project. a. deliverable b. input c. system d. resource

a. deliverable

12. Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. a. functional b. project c. matrix d. circular

a. functional

13. The project stakeholder management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group by identifying stakeholders. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling

a. initiating

6. During _____ processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition. a. initiating b. planning c. opening d. controlling

a. initiating

7. The project integration management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of developing project charters. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling

a. initiating

17. The project management plan is the output of the planning process of project _____. a. integration management b. quality management c. scope management d. procurement management

a. integration management

6. The _____ perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. a. political frame b. symbolic frame c. structural frame d. human resources frame

a. political frame

9. In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs. a. project b. symbolic c. matrix d. functional

a. project

25. The first two traditional project phases (concept and development) focus on planning, and are often referred to as _____. a. project feasibility b. project acquisition c. project implementation d. project close-out

a. project feasibility

23. Organizational process assets update is the output of the closing process of _____. a. project integration management b. project quality management c. project procurement management d. project time management

a. project integration management

3. The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project. a. project sponsor b. project manager c. support staff member d. project team

a. project sponsor

27. The improvement of the product and process in the Scrum method is discussed at the _____. a. sprint reflection meeting b. sprint review meeting c. kick-off meeting d. daily Scrum meeting

a. sprint reflection meeting

4. The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. a. structural frame b. human resources frame c. political frame d. symbolic frame

a. structural frame

28. A _____ is usually not necessary to the Scrum method. a. team contract b. velocity estimate c. Gantt chart d. product backlog

a. team contract

27. In the development phase of the project life cycle: a. the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS. b. the project team delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. c. managers develop a business case, which describes the need for the project and basic underlying concepts. d. managers prepare a preliminary or rough cost estimate for the required work.

a. the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS.

13. Fast tracking is an example of a tool used in _____ management. a. time b. quality c. communication d. risk

a. time

33. Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle? a. The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project b. A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated c. The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project d. The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminated

b. A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated

35. Which of the following best describes outsourcing? a. An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market b. An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source c. An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country d. An organization's use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries

b. An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

15. Which of the following is a pre-initiation task? a. Drawing up a work breakdown structure b. Developing a business case for a project c. Drafting the project charter d. Identifying stakeholders

b. Developing a business case for a project

20. _____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. a. Means-ends orientation b. Open-systems focus c. Conflict tolerance d. Risk tolerance

b. Open-systems focus

2. _____ processes include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization's needs. a. Initiating b. Planning c. Executing d. Monitoring and controlling

b. Planning

24. Martha works as a project manager at a bank. Due to certain changes in external factors, Martha needs to make a few alterations in the tactical goals of her project. In such a scenario, which of the following will best help Martha cope with the change? a. Negotiation b. Project environment knowledge c. Motivation d. Soft skills

b. Project environment knowledge

34. Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams? a. Increased costs for office space and support b. Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information c. Limited flexibility in team working hours d. Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing work

b. Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information

1. Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. _____ describes this holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization. a. Linear analysis b. Systems thinking c. Reductionism d. The silo approach

b. Systems thinking

2. Which of the following is true of projects? a. They have an indefinite beginning and end. b. They have a unique purpose. c. They are developed using regressive elaboration. d. They are permanent in nature.

b. They have a unique purpose.

9. Project procurement management mainly involves: a. making effective use of the people involved with the project. b. buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization. c. generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information. d. identifying and analyzing stakeholder needs while managing and controlling their engagement.

b. buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.

15. A _____ is a tool used in quality management. a. probability matrice proposal b. checklist c. request for d. critical path analysis

b. checklist

22. The _____ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end. a. executing b. closing c. planning d. monitoring

b. closing

3. Examples of _____ processes include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements. a. monitoring and controlling b. executing c. planning d. initiating

b. executing

5. The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. a. structural b. human resources c. political d. symbolic

b. human resources

28. In the _____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. a. development b. implementation c. concept d. close-out

b. implementation

12. The project cost management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling

b. planning

11. Project managers have the most authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. a. functional b. project c. matrix d. circular

b. project

10. Developing a _____ is a planning process that occurs in the Project Integration Management knowledge area. a. schedule management plan b. project management plan c. WBS d. quality management

b. project management plan

31. In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously. a. RAD life cycle b. prototyping life cycle c. spiral life cycle d. incremental build life cycle

b. prototyping life cycle

6. Project _____ management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully. a. human resource b. scope c. time d. cost

b. scope

7. Grey's Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey's have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company's dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients' through the salespeople's clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization. a. political b. symbolic c. structural d. human resources

b. symbolic

21. In organizational culture, control refers to _____. a. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment b. the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior c. the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results d. the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

b. the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior

29. The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. a. spiral life cycle b. waterfall life cycle c. incremental build life cycle d. RAD life cycle

b. waterfall life cycle

14. In which of the following areas of management is payback analysis most likely to be used? a. Human resource b. Communication c. Cost d. Quality

c. Cost

11. _____ is a planning process that is within the Project Scope Management knowledge area. a. Schedule development b. Developing a project c. Creation of a WBS management plan d. Quality planning

c. Creation of a WBS management plan

12. Which of the following tools are most likely to be used in project time management? a. Payback analysis b. Impact matrices c. Gantt charts d. Fishbone diagrams

c. Gantt charts

13. Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure? a. In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments. b. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects. c. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. d. A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.

c. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

19. Which of the following statements is true of project management? a. It is a simple discipline with a limited scope. b. It has specific tools which work universally across all kinds of projects. c. It does not guarantee successes for all projects. d. Its framework consists solely of project management knowledge areas.

c. It does not guarantee successes for all projects.

24. Which of the following is true about the agile method? a. It is often used when a project team can express the scope early in the product life cycle. b. It is used when a project team wants to provide a potentially shippable product earlier rather than later. c. It uses several iterations or deliveries of software instead of waiting until the end of the project to provide a product. d. It is used when project teams want to use the predicative approach to a project.

c. It uses several iterations or deliveries of software instead of waiting until the end of the project to provide a product.

14. _____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. a. Chain of command b. Line of control c. Organizational culture d. Organizational structure

c. Organizational culture

30. Which of the following provides certification as a Project Management Professional? a. PMS b. PMC c. PMI d. PMP

c. PMI

10. Which of the following project management knowledge areas is an overarching function that affects and is affected by the different knowledge areas? a. Project cost management b. Project stakeholder management c. Project integration management d. Project communications management

c. Project integration management

. Which of the following is a difference between projects and operations? a. Projects are undertaken to sustain an organization's business whereas operations are not. b. Operations are undertaken to create unique products, services, or results whereas projects are not. c. Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature. d. Operations have well-defined objectives whereas projects do not need to have a unique purpose.

c. Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature.

32. The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation. a. incremental build life cycle b. waterfall life cycle c. RAD life cycle d. spiral life cycle

c. RAD life cycle

14. _____ is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members. a. Agile Unified Process b. Dynamic Systems c. Rational Unified Process Development Method d. Six Sigma

c. Rational Unified Process Development Method

20. Which of the following is true of program managers? a. They report to project managers who represent the next level in the hierarchy. b. They recognize that managing a program is simpler than managing a project. c. They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program. d. They are responsible solely for the delivery of project results.

c. They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program.

29. A _____ is an important Scrum artifact used to graphically display progress on each sprint during the monitoring and controlling process. a. WBS b. sprint backlog c. burndown chart d. product backlog

c. burndown chart

26. A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created. a. implementation b. acquisition c. concept d. close-out

c. concept

28. A critical path: a. is the shortest path through a network diagram. b. represents schedule information in calendar form. c. determines the earliest completion date of a project. d. is a quality management tool to ensure a project meets the minimum quality standards.

c. determines the earliest completion date of a project.

16. One of the main outputs of the initiation process is _____. a. creating the work breakdown structure b. selecting the project manager c. developing the project charter d. identifying the project sponsor

c. developing the project charter

16. Team building exercises and motivation techniques are tools used in _____ management. a. procurement b. scope c. human resource d. cost

c. human resource

10. In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers. a. project b. symbolic c. matrix d. functional

c. matrix

4. A common _____ process is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track. a. executing b. closing c. monitoring and controlling d. planning

c. monitoring and controlling

15. The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. a. member identity b. group emphasis c. people focus d. unit integration

c. people focus

21. Enterprise environmental factors are an output of the executing process of _____. a. project integration management b. project quality management c. project human resource management d. project procurement management

c. project human resource management

18. In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____. a. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment b. the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior c. the degree to which management 's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization d. the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

c. the degree to which management 's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization

19. The _____ provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance. a. scope statement b. cost management plan c. work breakdown structure d. project charter

c. work breakdown structure

22. _____ are an example of external stakeholders for an organization. a. Top managers b. Functional managers c. Employees d. Competitors

d. Competitors

26. Which of the following activities is a part of the planning process of the Scrum? a. Determining how many sprints will compose each release b. Demonstrating the product during a sprint review meeting c. Completing tasks each day during sprints d. Creating sprint backlog

d. Creating sprint backlog

25. Joe is a project manager in an IT company and has over the years, gained substantial knowledge in his area of work. However, while managing his team, he often loses his temper. In addition, he fails to be an active listener when his team members approach him with work related challenges. In which of the following areas does Joe need to develop his skills in? a. Application area knowledge b. Project environment knowledge c. Standards and regulations d. Human relations skills

d. Human relations skills

35. Which of the following is a difference between low-end and midrange tools of the project management software? a. Low-end tools are designed to handle primarily multiple users whereas midrange tools are created to handle single users. b. Low-end tools provide robust capabilities to handle dispersed workgroups whereas midrange tools do not. c. Midrange tools provide basic project management features whereas low-end tools offer enterprise and portfolio management functions. d. Midrange tools are designed to handle larger projects than low-end tools.

d. Midrange tools are designed to handle larger projects than low-end tools.

8. Which of the following project management knowledge areas primarily involve generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information? a. Project cost management b. Project procurement management c. Project time management d. Project communications management

d. Project communications management

21. Which of the following is a difference between project management and portfolio management? a. Project management involves making wise investment decisions whereas portfolio management does not. b. Portfolio management is an easy task whereas project management is a more difficult task. c. Portfolio management asks questions like, "Are we carrying out projects efficiently?" whereas project management asks questions such as "Are we investing in the right areas?" d. Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.

d. Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.

25. Which of the following project parameters would be compatible with the use of the agile approach? a. Projects with inexperienced and dispersed teams b. Projects that have a fairly rigid completion date c. Projects with clear-up front requirements d. Projects that have more flexible scheduling

d. Projects that have more flexible scheduling

2. _____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. a. Linear programming b. Independent component analysis c. Principal component analysis d. Systems analysis

d. Systems analysis

26. Which of the following best defines the role of leaders? a. They focus on short-term objectives. b. They work on achieving primarily tactical goals. c. They work solely toward day-to-day details of meeting specific tasks. d. They inspire people to reach goals.

d. They inspire people to reach goals.

17. _____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other. a. Member identity b. People focus c. Group emphasis d. Unit integration

d. Unit integration

11. An important tool for project scope management is _____. a. fast tracking b. crashing c. a Gantt chart d. a work breakdown structure

d. a work breakdown structure

5. Administrative activities, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project, are often involved in _____ processes. a. monitoring and controlling b. executing c. initiating d. closing

d. closing

3. The symbolic perspective of an organization: a. focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management. b. views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. c. focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. d. focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.

d. focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.

8. In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines.Rizatti Corp can be said to have a _____ organizational structure. a. project b. symbolic c. matrix d. functional

d. functional

34. Enterprise project management softwares are also known as _____ tools of project management software. a. baseline b. midrange c. low-end d. high-end

d. high-end

30. The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. a. spiral life cycle b. RAD life cycle c. waterfall life cycle d. incremental build life cycle

d. incremental build life cycle

8. The project scope management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of scope validation and scope control. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling

d. monitoring and controlling

9. The project time management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activity of schedule control. a. initiating b. planning c. executing d. monitoring and controlling

d. monitoring and controlling

18. A _____ is a tool used in risk management. a. work breakdown structure analysis b. project organizational chart c. critical path d. probability matrice

d. probability matrice

7. Project _____ management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken. a. cost b. time c. risk d. quality

d. quality

22. A difference between strategic and tactical goals is that: a. strategic goals are more specific than tactical goals. b. tactical goals encompass broader dimensions than strategic goals. c. tactical goals are more important for a project than strategic goals. d. strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.

d. strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.

5. Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is being built for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____. a. Steve b. the support staff c. the project team d. the Robinson family

d. the Robinson family