ITEC 200 Final

Use this to send a signal to one or more processes which match selection criteria. Selection criteria can be a command name, a process owned by a specific user, or all system-wide processes. This command includes advanced selection criteria: Command - Processes with a pattern-matched command name. UID - Processes owned by a Linux user account, effective or real. GID - Processes owned by a Linux group account, effective or real. Parent - Child processes of a specific parent process. Terminal - Processes running on a specific controlling terminal.

pkill

What is a daemon process in Linux?

A daemon process in Linux is a background process that is not directly controlled by the user and typically provides a service such as handling requests for network resources.

What is a mount point in Linux?

A mount point is an empty directory that is used to access a filesystem.

What does a netmask of /24 signify in an IP address?

A netmask of /24 signifies that the first 24 bits of the IP address are used for the network

What is a shell in the context of a Linux system?

A shell is a command line interpreter that provides a user interface for interaction with the operating system.

What is a signal in Linux?

A signal is a technique to tell a process to take some sort of action.

By default, in what block size does the df command display filesystem use?

By default, the df command displays filesystem use in 1-K block size.

Keyboard control sequence to core dump a process

Ctrl+\

Keyboard control sequence to kill a process

Ctrl+c

Keyboard control sequence to suspend a process

Ctrl+z

Where does a Linux system initially retrieve its system time when it starts up?

Initially, the system time is retrieved from the hardware clock on the system motherboard.

Which device is used to connect networks to form the Internet?

Routers are used to connect networks to form the Internet.

Name for Linux process state which is signified by R; The process is either executing on a CPU or waiting to run. Process can be executing user routines or kernel routines (system calls), or be queued and ready when in this state

Running/ TASK_RUNNING

Signal number ? - Used to report termination of the controlling process of a terminal. Also used to request process reinitialization (configuration reload) without termination. Short name HUP

Signal #1

Signal # ? (the default) - Causes program termination. Unlike SIGKILL, can be blocked, ignored, or handled. The "polite" way to ask a program to terminate; allows self-cleanup. Short name TERM

Signal #15

Signal # ? - Sent to a process to resume, if stopped. Cannot be blocked. Even if handled, always resumes the process. Short name CONT

Signal #18

Signal # ? - Suspends the process. Cannot be blocked or handled. Short name STOP

Signal #19

Signal number ? - Causes program termination. Can be blocked or handled. Sent by pressing INTR key sequence (Ctrl+c). Short name INT

Signal #2

Signal # ? - Similar to SIGINT; adds a process dump at termination. Sent by pressing QUIT key sequence (Ctrl+\). Short name Quit

Signal #3

Signal # ? - Causes abrupt program termination. Cannot be blocked, ignored, or handled; always fatal. Short name KILL

Signal #9

Name for Linux process state which is signified by S; The process is waiting for some condition: a hardware request, system resource access, or signal. When an event or signal satisfies the condition, the process returns to Running.

Sleeping/TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE

Name for Linux process state which is signified by K; Identical to the uninterruptible D state, but modified to allow a waiting task to respond to the signal that it should be killed (exit completely). Utilities frequently display these processes as D state.

Sleeping/TASK_KILLABLE

Name for Linux process state which is signified by I; A subset of state D. The kernel does not count these processes when calculating load average. Used for kernel threads. Flags TASK_UNINTERRUPTABLE and TASK_NOLOAD are set. Similar to TASK_KILLABLE, also a subset of state D. It accepts fatal signals.

Sleeping/TASK_REPORT_IDLE

Name for Linux process state which is signified by D; This process is also Sleeping, but unlike S state, does not respond to signals. Used only when process interruption may cause an unpredictable device state.

Sleeping/TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE

Name for Linux process state which is signified by T; The process has been Stopped (suspended), usually by being signaled by a user or another process. The process can be continued (resumed) by another signal to return to Running.

Stopped/ TASK_STOPPED

Name for Linux process state which is signified by T; A process that is being debugged is also temporarily Stopped and shares the same T state flag.

Stopped/TASK_TRACED

In yum, which module component allows you to work with different versions side by side?

The application stream allows you to work with different versions side by side.

What is the broadcast address of 10.1.1.18/8?

The broadcast address is 10.255.255.255.

What command can be used to view the status of a unit in systemd?

The command systemctl status can be used to view the status of a systemd unit.

What yum command would you use to install the GNU C Compiler (gcc) package?

The command yum install gcc would install the gcc package.

Which yum command generates a list of available updates for all installed packages on a Linux system?

The command yum list updates generates a list of available updates.

What command would you use to install an update for all installed packages on a Linux system?

The command yum update would install updates for all installed packages.

What is the device file name of the third partition on the second SATA hard drive?

The device file name would be /dev/sdb3.

Which syslog severity level is considered to have the highest priority?

The emerg severity level is considered to have the highest priority.

Which of the following are advantages of using the find command?

The find command can search by file attribute types and its results are always the most up-to-date.

What does the Linux command hwclock do?

The hwclock command allows you to query and set the hardware clock, also known as the Real Time Clock (RTC), on a Linux system.

Which command searches for files using a database, which is generated on demand or scheduled?

The locate command searches for files using a database.

What is the name of the device file for an entire SATA hard drive in the /dev directory?

The name of the device file for an entire SATA hard drive is typically /dev/sda.

What is the network address of 192.168.1.107/24?

The network address is 192.168.1.0.

In Linux, what is the process with PID 1?

The process with PID 1 is typically the init process or systemd on newer systems. It is the first process that runs on the system and is responsible for starting all other processes.

Which service in Linux is primarily responsible for sorting and organizing syslog messages into /var/log?

The rsyslog service is primarily responsible for this task.

What does the tar command allow you to do?

The tar command allows you to create archives, list the contents of archives, extract archives, and compress and uncompress archives.

What tasks can be performed with Red Hat Subscription Management tools?

The tasks that can be performed include system registration, system subscription, repository enabling, and entitlement reviewing.

What term determines how many leading bits in the IP address contribute to the network address?

The term is called a netmask.

What command would you use in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 to set the local time zone?

The timedatectl command is recommended for setting the local time zone.

How many bits are there in an IPv6 address?

There are 128 bits in an IPv6 address.

How many bits are there in an IPv4 address?

There are 32 bits in an IPv4 address.

Does the yum command allow you to install, update, remove, and get information about software packages and their dependencies?

True, the yum command allows all of these operations.

Name for Linux process state which is signified by X; When the parent cleans up (reaps) the remaining child process structure, the process is now released completely. This state will never be observed in process-listing utilities.

Zombie/ EXIT_DEAD

Name for Linux process state which is signified by Z; A child process signals its parent as it exits. All resources except for the process identity (PID) are released.

Zombie/EXIT_ZOMBIE

Any command or pipeline can be started in the background by appending this to the end of the command line. The Bash shell displays a job number (unique to the session) and the PID of the new child process. The shell does not wait for the child process to terminate, but rather displays the shell prompt.

ampersand (&)

To start the suspended process running in the background, use this command with the same job ID.

bg command

This command is used for listing current processes. It can provide detailed process information, including: User identification (UID), which determines process privileges Unique process identification (PID) CPU and real time already expended How much memory the process has allocated in various locations The location of process stdout, known as the controlling terminal The current process state

ps command

This command displays information relating to jobs

ps j command

Use this command to view a process tree for the system or a single user.

pstree command

To send a foreground process to the background, first press the keyboard generated _____ request (___) in the terminal.

suspend request (Ctrl+z)

This program is a dynamic view of the system's processes, displaying a summary header followed by a process or thread list similar to ps information. Unlike the static ps output, this continuously refreshes at a configurable interval, and provides capabilities for column reordering, sorting, and highlighting. User configurations can be saved and made persistent.

top program/command

This command is one way to display the current load average. It prints the current time, how long the machine has been up, how many user sessions are running, and the current load average.

uptime command

Use this command to list user logins and current running processes

w command

You can display the list of jobs that Bash is tracking for a particular session with this command.

jobs command

This command sends a signal to a process by PID number. Despite its name, this can be used to send any signal, not just those for terminating programs. You can use the ______ command to list the names and numbers of all available signals.

kill command; kill -l

This command can help you determine how many CPUs a system has.

lscpu command