Items People Missed

Terminal drop

Months before death, a substantial drop in all facets of intelligence occurs

Orgasmic dysfunction

More common in younger woman because female orgasmic capacity increases with age

Type II error

"""missed detection" (null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false)""

Ethics: Successful malpractice lawsuit

""Four D's "dereliction of a duty directly causing damage." One must show that there was a duty--(which assumes a professional relationship, although it does not need to be explicitly stated as in choice "A"), the duty was not carried out; and one must show, that as a direct result of this, the person suffered damages""

Organ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

""discretionary, voluntary behaviors that are not part of an employee's specified role requirements nor formally rewarded by the organization and in aggregate, contribute to organizational effectiveness by enhancing the "social and psychological context that supports task performance"""

Reduce conformity

""having a "partner" in group who shares your opinion""

Smoking and quitting

"80% of quitters gain weight (7-9lbs); weight gain can cause relapse; smokers more depressed than non; cessation can trigger depressive episodes in MDE hx"

OCB 5 dimensions

"Altruism Conscientiousness (aka generalized compliance) Sportsmanship (tolerate trivialities) Courtesy Civic virtue (attending meetings)"

Reciprocal determinism

"Bandura. the relationship between personal factors or cognitions, behavior and the environment take turns influencing or being influenced by each other"

Item characteristic curve (ICC)

"Difficulty: position of the curve - LR High/Low achievers: slope Probability of answering correctly by guessing: Y-intercept"

Substance dependence specifiers

"Early" means that there is more than one month but less than 12 months of remission. "Sustained" means that there is 12 months or longer of remission "Full" means that the person no longer meets any of the criteria for substance dependence or abuse "Partial" means that one or more of the criteria for substance dependence are still met but the full criteria are no longer met. Early full remission, early partial remission, sustained full remission, or sustained partial remission

Fissure, sulcus, gyrus

"Fissure (deep divide lobes) Sulcus (less deep divide in lobes, e.g., frontal and parietal) Gyrus (ridge, e.g., postcentral gyrus-somatosensory)"

anticholinergic effects

"Know the ABCD'S of anticholinergic side effects": Anorexia Blurry vision Constipation/ Confusion Dry Mouth Sedation/ Stasis of urine

Biofeedback tension v. migrane

"Migrane (thermal hand warming) Tension (EMG biofeedback = decrease muscle tension)"

System's theory feedback

"Positive feedback: alters the system to accomodate novel input or a new state of equilibrium; Negative feedback: maintains or restores the status quo of the system."

Starvation and Anorexia

"Precipitated by high levels of SE (appetite suppression and anxiety) Low SE associated with depression"

Pope's studies on therapist and sex with clients

"Therapists who become sexually involved with a patient typically do so with a patient who is significantly younger. the best single predictor of sexual exploitation in therapy is a therapist who has exploited a patient in the past"

most common type of work-family conflict

"Time-based It is based on the scarcity hypothesis, that the sum of a person's energy is fixed; therefore multiple roles inevitably reduces the time and energy available to meet all role demands, resulting in strain and work-family conflict"

Marfan's syndrome

"affects the connective tissue and it is estimated that at least 1 in 5,000 people in the United States have the disorder caused by an autosomal dominant gene (not sex linked)"

Eta squared

"amount of variability accounted for" is assessed by a squared correlation coefficient

Von Willebrand's disease

"causes blood clotting defects, is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder, affecting at least 1% of the population caused by an autosomal dominant gene (not sex linked)"

APA Ethics: Intro

"discusses the intent, organization, procedural considerations, and scope of application of the Ethics Code."

Weber's law

"just noticeable difference"

Mediated generalization

"mediated" means that the picture has never been paired with the original source of anxiety (i.e., the accident). Therefore, in order for the picture to cause anxiety, some cognitive mediation must be taking place.

Expectancy theory

"motivation is a cognitive process involving three variables: expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Expectancy refers to the belief that effort will lead to success performance. Instrumentality refers to the beliefs that successful performance will result in certain outcomes; the value placed on the outcomes of performance is referred to as valence"

Depression

"slow-wave sleep decrease early morning waking sleep continuity decrease early onset of REM/REM latency decrease"

Statistical triangulation

"the attempt to increase reliability by reducing systematic or method error through a strategy in which the researcher employs multiple methods of measurement (e.g., observation, survey, archival data)"

Prochaska termination

"zero temptation and 100% self-efficacy"

Gottman longitudinal divorce study

("four horseman of the Apocalypse,") criticism, defensiveness, contempt and stonewalling predicts a high risk of early divorce (first 11 years). suppression of affect, both positive and negative, is predictive of later divorce, or after 1st child reaches age 14

What does the Hippocampus do?

(1) Encoding memories (2) Converting short-term memories into long-term memories (3) Encoding of spacial memories NOT associated with working memory

Three Stages of Visuomotor Behaviour Rehearsal

(1) Relaxation (2) Mental Rehearsal (3) Physical Rehearsal

SSRI rebound

(a return of some of the symptoms of depression) or a full depressive relapse usually takes 2 to 3 weeks to become evident and does not remit within 24 hours of restarting the antidepressant

Domain-Referenced Test

- A type of test that gauges how well the test taker has mastered a specific domain (e.g., driver's test) - Not compared to others

Criterion-Referenced Test

- A type of test that uses an OBJECTIVE STANDARD level or achievement level. - Test taker is required to demonstrate ability at that degree of difficulty - Indicates what test taker can do - Not compared to others

Onset of substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder is most often seen with withdrawal from what substances?

- Alcohol - Sedatives - Hypnotics - Anxiolytics

Guilford's Structure of Intellect Model

- Developed using factor analysis - Three dimensions of intelligence: 1) Operations: operations involved in processing information 2) Content: content on which mental operations are performed 3) Products: result of applying operations

Cleary rule

- Examines test bias - Looks at equality of slopes or equality of intercepts if slopes are equal. - There will be slope differences between the two groups' regression lines if test is biased

Norm-Referenced Test

- Goal to compare test taker's performance to other test takers - Requires a large standardized sample - Examples: GRE, SAT, IQ

Compare the effects of resperidone to older antipsychotics

- Less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia - Less likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects - Better at treating negative symptoms

What memory problems may occur as a result of ECT?

- Nonverbal memory problems - While most memory problems are reversible, the person may continue to complain about loss of memory for personal (autobiographical) information for many months.

Atkinson et al.'s Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model

- Stage 1--Conformity - Stage 2--Dissonance and Appreciating - Stage 3--Resistance and Immersion - Stage 4--Introspection - Stage 5--Integrative Awareness (recognizing that all cultures have acceptable and unacceptable aspects.)

Key components of Solution Focused Therapy

- The Miracle Question - Exceptions to problems as solutions

What is the Fundamental Postulate and with which theory is it associated? (Bonus points if you can name the associated theorist)

- The fundamental postulate emphasizes the idea that we interact with the world in a manner congruent with our expectations of the world - It is associated with Personal Construct Theory - Theorist: George Kelly

Separation anxiety

More likely at 10-16 months

Avg. effect size of psychotherapy research

.9; Keep in mind that an effect size is a measure of standard deviation, so .85 means that treated people do about .85 of a standard deviation better than untreated individuals

Sensorimotor Stage

0 - 2 years - experience through senses (pre-symbolic) - exercise-play - object permanence at 3 - 8 months

Substance Abuse

1) recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major school, work, or home obligations; 2) recurrent use in situations in which use is physically hazardous; 3) recurrent substance-related legal problems; and 4) continued substance use even though it causes or exacerbates a social or interpersonal problem.

Bulimia criteria

1. Binge eating, 2. Inappropriate compensatory behavior for > 3 mos.

Three most common mental health conditions in the elderly (in order)

1. Depression 2. Dementia 3. Paranoia (relatively rare)

Baumgartner's incorporation of an HIV/AIDS diagnosis into one's identity

1. Diagnosis (shock, fear, denial, relief) 2. Post-diagnosis turning point (social interaction/catalyst experience) 3. Immersion (immersed in hiv/aids community) 4. Post-immersion turning point (revaluation of priorities) 5. Integration (decentralizing and balancing) 6. Disclosure

Highest to lowest IQ based on birth order according to confluence model

1. First born 2. Only child 3. Middle child 4. Last born Confluence model about resources available AND teaching others (stimulation, ever changing learning environment) leading to greater intelligence

Research by baker and green found that when compared to older adults with chronic pain, younger adults with chronic pain tend to report:

More pain intensity and more symptoms of depression

Four Stages of Cross's Identity Development Model

1. Pre-encounter - whites are seen as the ideal 2. Encounter - interest in developing an African-American identity and a preference for a therapist of one's own race. 3. Immersion/Emersion - struggle between old and emerging ideas about race, initial idealization of African-Americans and a denigrating of whites, which then balances out 4. Internalization/Commitment - the individual adopts an African-American world view.

Schizotypal

More prevalent among first-degree biological relatives

Alzheimer's stages

1. short term 2. complex tasks and explicit memory 3. cannot recognize family and friends, no self-care

A DSM diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder requires an onset of symptoms prior to the age of: six, 10, 16, 21

10

Schizophrenia prevalence

10 (non-twin), 17 (di), 46(mono)

Concordance rate for schizophrenia in siblings

10%

Is one of the Aust bring in a family develops schizophrenia, what is the likelihood that his/her biological siblings will also develop this disorder?

10%

What percent of women experience postpartum depression?

10-15%

Postpartum depression

10-20%

According to Piaget, the ability to think abstractly is first evident at about___years of age

11

Formal Operational

11 + years - use symbols - think abstractly - temporary return to egocentric thinking - mature moral thinking

Self-conscious emotions

18-24 months

Stability of WAIS factors

1st is Verbal, 2nd is Working Memory, 3rd is Perceptual Organization, 3rd is Processing speed

Preoperational Stage

2 - 6 years - greater symbolic ability - egocentrism - non-reversible thinking - centration (focus on only one aspect of object) - animism - magical thinking - cannot conserve - symbolic play - morality: rules are absolute and unchangeable (heteronomous)

Pre-operational Stage

2 - 7 years - thinking becomes reversible - less ego-centric, less centration - games with rules - conservation (length, volume, number, etc) - seriation (arrange objects in order) - mathematical transformation - games with construction - morality: rules are made by people and can be changed, intention is most important (autonomous)

Toilet Training usually begins at

24 months

Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder vs. NOS

3 symptoms, over 6 mos. versus less than 6 mos.

Ethnic perspective-taking ability (EPTA)

3-4yrs (ethnicity as physical traits) 5-9yrs (accurately apply ethnic labels) 7-12yrs (social perspective of ethnicity, prejudice) 10-15yrs (immersion in ethnic group)

For most children, expressions of pride, shame, and guilt are first evident by____months of age

30

Maintenance of ADHD into adulthood

30-70% continue to exhibit signs

Panic with Agoraphobia in community samples

33 to 50%

Panic with Agora

33-50% in community samples

It is not until about____years of age that most children express more favorable attitude toward members of their own ethnic racial group than toward member of other groups

4

At what age do infants gain the ability to see a wide spectrum of colours and an increased ability to differentiate between colours?

4 - 5 months

Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model

4 levels: reaction, learning, behavior, and result 5th added ROI by Phillips

Autism prevalence

4-5 times more likely in males

MMPI-2 acting out scaled

4-9/9-4; 4 Psychopathic deviate, 9 Hypomania

Parkinson's and Depression

40% of Parkinson's pt.'s have depression 20% of these had depressive sx before motor impairments Depression unrelated to motor impairment, age, and duration of Parkinson's sx

Reported concordance rates for schizophrenia for identical twins range from: 8 to 15%, 20 to 25%, 45 to 50%, 70 to 75%

45-50

Q: In a survey of 41, 000 US students, what percentage admitted to using marijuana?

46%

Alcohol abuse and dependence

5 to 1 male to female ratio

The mean age of onset of motor tics interacts disorder is:

5 to 7 years

A predictors decision-making accuracy is maximized on the base rate is close to_and the selection rate is as_as possible

50%, low

Child sex abusers

57% admitted and minimized their behavior in some way

A diagnosis of erectile disorder requires the presence of characteristic symptoms for a minimum duration of approximately ____ months

6

Based on their meta-analysis of research, Faraone, biederman, and mick (2005) concluded that up to_percent of children meet the criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD in partial remission as to young adults. 15, 35, 60, 99

60

The prevalence rate for autism and autism spectrum disorders

60/10,000

What percentage of people diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder experienced incest?

65%

Piaget's concrete operational stage of development is characteristic of children's ages:

7-11 years

Weight gain when quitting smoking

7-9lbs for 80% of quitters

Dyslexia accounts for approximately __% of learning disorder dx

80%

___% of people with BPD have a childhood history of physical or sexual abuse

80%

An examinee obtains a T score of 60 on a test. The raw score distribution for the test is normally shape, has a need a 45, and a standard deviation of five. The examinees percentile rank is:

84%

Q: What percentage of regular smokers start using tobacco before age 18?

90%

The MMPI - II, a T score of 70 means that examinees score is at the____ percentile

97th

For a diagnosis of panic disorder, the individual must have experience: A) return unexpected panic attacks be) recurrent unexpected or expect a panic attacks C) at least one unexpected and one expected panic attacks D) multiple panic attacks

A

The leaderless Group discussion is used in organizations to: A) training evaluate managerial level employees be) media conflicts between managers and subordinates C) improve communication between members of newly formed teams D) diagnose the cause of communication problems in establishment groups

A

The onset of bulimia comes after a moderate dieting. Which has been linked to low levels of tryptophan. Low levels of tryptophan in turn are associated with: A) lower than normal levels of brain serotonin B) higher than normal levels of brain serotonin C) lower than normal level of brain dopamine D) higher than normal levels of brain dopamine

A

The position analysis questionnaire is used to a) obtain the information needed to complete a job analysis be) identify employees who are good candidates for managerial positions C) determine the causes of conflict between supervisors and supervisees d) evaluate employee performance

A

The presence of which of the following is more suggestive of a diagmosi of malingering then factitious disorder: A) the motive for symptom production is to obtain an external reward B) the motive for symptom production is "primary games" C) symptoms are relieved by hip gnosis D) symptoms are intentionally produced

A

When using criterion referenced interpretation of scores obtained on a job knowledge test, you would most likely be interested in which of the following? A) The total number of test items answered correctly b) and examinees performance relative to that of other examinees c) and examinees standing on two or more measures designed to assess the same characteristic d) ensuring that test items are based on a systematic job evaluation

A

Which of the following tests would be useful for confirming a diagnosis of intellectual disability: a) Vineland II b) berry c) wonderlic d) wrat4

A

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Most common form of treatment for sleep apnea (face mask that blows air into airway)

Masters and Johnson therapy effectiveness

Most for premature ejaculation

Vegetative symptoms

Most observable

Ethics: consent before release

Most of the time, but not always (e.g., child abuse report)

Maternal employment and child achievement

Mothers who would rather be employed but who stay at home experience the most conflict, and this somehow affects the academic performance of their children (unconscious rubbing off of failure?)

Yalom most important group selection criteria

Motivation

Spearman's theory of intelligence

A "g" (general) factor plus specific factors unique to the task

Wonderlic

A 12 minute test of mental ability for adults

A person is most likely to say they are uncomfortable in a rowde movie theatre when the movie is:

A boring movie

Yalom procedural norms

A change in group norms

Researchers interested in cognitive processes distinguish between schemas and scrapes from this perspective a script is:

A cluster of knowledge about sequences of events and actions in a particular situation

Kohut

A consistent lack of parental empathy is what leads to narcissism in a child in the first place. Empathy is therapists tool then.

What is a discriminative stimulus?

A discriminative stimulus is a cue indicating that reinforcement or punishment will occur if a particular behavior is performed.

The error inherent in the best fit regression line is called the standard error of the: A estimate. B mean. C measurement. D coefficient.

A estimate. The standard error of estimate tells us how far we can expect to be off when making predictions based on a regression (prediction) equation. It's a way to assess how well the equation "fits" the data. Remember: the higher the correlation coefficient, the lower the error of estimate.

A fact witness may release information when...

A fact witness may release information when the client waives confidentiality OR there is a court order to do so.

Feature integration theory predicts that the perception of an object as an entity rather than as a cluster of unrelated features depends on: A focused attention. B integrated attention. C selective attention. D divided attention.

A focused attention

Narrative Therapy

A form of Postmodern therapy that emphasizes the importance of the stories of people's lives and the differences that can be made through specific telling and retelling of these stories

misinformation effect (hindsight bias)

A form of retroactive interference (interfered b/c of something learned after X)

In assessing perceptual abilities in a 3 or 4-month old infant you could use all of the following indicators except: A head turning B sucking C reaching D heart rate

A head turning Remember: infants can't turn their heads until around 5 1/2 months

Representitiveness

A heuristic strategy that makes judgments only on the obvious characteristics of the problem, not requiring additional information and solves the problem based on the initial facts presented

Following a stroke involving the MCA (middle cerebral artery), an elderly man experiences weakness and loss of sensation in his left arm and leg. In addition, he exhibits A left visual field loss. B Wernicke's aphasia. C left-right disorientation. D finger agnosia.

A left visual field loss. The symptoms listed in answers B, C, and D are caused by damage to the left side of the brain.

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, there are two routes of communication: a central route and a peripheral route. When is a listener most susceptible to persuasion via the peripheral route?

A listener is most susceptible to persuasion via the peripheral route when the COMMUNICATOR IS APPEALING (e.g., is of high status), the LISTENER IS UNINVOLVED with the message or is distracted, and/or the MESSAGE APPEALS TO FEAR.

Functional Amnesia

A loss of memory for autobiographical information

Incremental validity

A measure has incremental validity when using it results in an increase in decision-making accuracy

Peripheral messages (Elaboration Likihood Model)

A positive mood and fear can increase the likelihood of attitude change.

Research on group performance has examined the effects of the heterogeneity of group members in terms of personality, gender, experience, and so on. Overall, these studies have found that heterogeneity is A positively related to creativity and decision-making effectiveness. B positively related to creativity but negatively related to decision-making effectiveness. C negatively related to creativity but positively related to decision-making effectiveness. D negatively related to creativity and decision-making effectiveness.

A positively related to creativity and decision-making effectiveness.

Hedonic relevance

A potential source of bias when making attributions about the behavior of another person and refers to the extent to which the other person's behavior has positive or negative consequences for us

Higher Order Conditioning

A procedure in which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an already established conditioned stimulus.

Overcorrection typically involves: A restitution, guided movement, and positive practice. B restitution, positive practice, and negative reinforcement. C positive practice, cognitive reattribution, and community reintegration. D restitution, negative reinforcement, and cognitive reattribution.

A restitution, guided movement, and positive practice.

Hypokalemia

A serious complication of binging and purging involves a low level of serum potassium that can lead to kidney failure and cardiac arrest

Multiple baseline design

A single case design that involves comparing the effects of an intervention across two or more settings, behaviors, or participants

Trend analysis

A statistical technique used to determine the trend or shape that best describes the relationship between two variables

T test

A statistical test of the difference of means for two groups. The dependent variable is continuous, the independent variable is categorical and there are only two groups.

Transportability

A strategy for generalizing evidence of validity in which demonstration of important similarities between different work settings is used to infer that validation evidence for a selection procedure accumulated in one work setting generalizes to another work setting

Portfolio Assessment

A technique used in research in which a representative set of task assignments are assembled for the psychologist to review

Which leadership style is most effective for employees that are low in both ability and motivation?

A telling style

Latin square design

A type of counterbalanced design that is used to control carryover effexts

Objectives-Referenced Test

A type of criterion-referenced test that assesses the test taker's performance in terms of instructional standards (e.g., a marking rubric)

Counterbalanced designs

A type of subjects design that involves administering the different levels of independent variables to different groups of participants in a different order

In contrast to Korsakoff syndrome, Alzheimer's disease is associated with:

A wider range of cognitive deficits

Block design measures, a) visual motor coordination, nonverbal reasoning and concept formation b) mental manipulation, concentration, and attention C) coordination, concentration, and visual perception

A(

A test developer would most likely administer test items to samples of people who very in terms of age, gender, race and ethnic city, and socio economic status for the purpose of: a) standardization b) assessing incremental validity C) criterion related validity D) Domain referenced testing

A)

According to herzbergs two factor theory: A) job motivation increases as job responsibility and autonomy increase b) job performance is determined by the interaction of two factors - job content and context factors C) job motivation is a direct result of job outcomes D) the factors that increase and employees motivation depend on the employees level of growth need

A)

An Aerospace Corporation uses the procedure known as multiple cutoff in its employee selection process. As a result, which of the following is most likely to occur? A) an applicant who obtains a very high score on test of mathematical and mechanical intelligence will not be hired because he fails a test of verbal intelligence by several points B) applicant who scores low score of verbal intelligence and obtains very high scores on tests of mechanical mathematical intelligence, so he is hired as an airline mechanic C) an applicant scores on tests a verbal, mathematical, and mechanical intelligence place him in the lowest 15 Criterion groups, so he is not hired D) and applicants score on a test of mechanical intelligence compares favorably to the scores of successful employees, so he's hired as an airline mechanic

A)

Depression has been linked to: eight) decreased REM latency and increased REM density B) decreased REM latency and decreased REM density C) increased REM latency and increased REM density D) increased REM latency and decreased REM density

A)

Haloperidol and other conventional neuroleptic drugs are: eight) me for alleviating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia B) most effective for alleviating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia C) equally effective for alleviating the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia D) more effective for alleviating the ancillary symptoms of schizophrenia then either the positive or negative symptoms

A)

In reprint major depressive disorder, psychosocial stressors: a) plan more significant role in the precipitation of initial episodes be) play more significant role in the precipitation later episodes C) plan similar role of precipitation episodes throughout the duration of the disorder) have a predictable effect on the precipitation episodes throughout the duration of the design of

A)

Members of an outpatient therapy groups are likely to rank which of Yalom's therapy factors as most important? A) and a personal input, catharsis, cohesiveness, and self understanding b) self understanding, universality, identification, and installation of hope C) family reenactment, catharsis, Altruism, and interpersonal and put D) in a personal input, interpersonal output, universality, and identification

A)

The Spearman - brown formula is used to: A) estimate effects of increasing or decreasing the length of a test on its reliability coefficient b) estimate what are you predictors validity coefficient would be if the predictor or criterion or perfectly reliable C) determine the range within which and examinees true score is likely to fall D) determine if adding or subtracting a projector to the multiple regression equation will have a significant effect on it's predicted accuracy

A)

The neurotransmitter glutamate is believed to be responsible for: a) the effects of alcohol on cognitive abilities B) the increased sociability that sometimes accompanies alcohol use C) alcohol cravings in alcohol abusers D) dietary changes associated with chronic alcohol use

A)

Which of the following tests would be most useful for assessing the intelligence of a 12-year-old child with limited English language proficiency? A) raven standard progressive matrices B) Slossom intelligence test C) Bayley scales D) cognitive abilities test

A)

And researcher reports that she calculated a Cohen D of .50 for the data she collected in a study that compared to brief treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. This means that: A) there was a difference of one half standard deviation between the means of the two groups B) there was a difference of one fourth the standard deviation between the means of the two groups C) the percent of variance accounted for by the difference and treatments what's 50% D) percent of various accounted for but the difference in treatment West 25%

A) Cohen D is a measure of effect size. It indicates the difference between the men means in terms of standard deviation's. .50 indicates that one group obtain a mean that is one half standard deviation higher than the mean obtained by the other group

Which factor is most likely to lead to intellectual disability? A) Down Syndrome due to trisomy B) Fragile X Syndrom C) Autism Spectrum Disorder D) Fetal trauma

A) Down Syndrome due to trisomy

In program-centered administrative mental health consultation, the consultant's primary responsibility is to: A) Investigate the implications of an organization's programs or policies with respect to the mental health of clients B) Evaluate, discuss, and make recommendations for specific cases C) Work with the consultee on personal and work-related issues D) Evaluate the requirements of programs that affect mental health services

A) Investigate the implications of an organization's programs or policies with respect to the mental health of clients

In their research on bicultural adolescents, Phinney and Devich-Navarro interviewed and surveyed: A) Mexican American and African Americans B) Mexican Americans and Asian Americans C) African Americans and Native Americans D) Native Americans and Asian Americans

A) Mexican American and African Americans

The differences between a Job Analysis and a Utility Analysis do not include: A) Using the information gained to inform selection, placement, training, and other organizational processes B) Understanding how employment positions affect the motivation, satisfaction, and performance of employees C) Identifying specific, job-relevant skills and behaviours that must be trained to achieve optimal organizational and individual performance D) Identifying the monetary value of each job to the organization

A) Using the information gained to inform selection, placement, training, and other organizational processes

Family therapy is probably contradicted in which of the following situations? A) the presenting problem involves long-term marital conflict be) family members and should be at their problems to one of the members C) one of the family members has severe depression D) one of the family members has anorexia or bulimia

One of the family members has severe depression

Q: What are the two phases of MI?

A: 1) Strengthen commitment to the decision to change 2) Increase motivation to change

Q: What are the four attitudes of the Minority Identity Development Model?

A: 1. Self, 2. Same Dominant, 3. Other Dominant, 4. Dominant Group

Q: What percentage of children/adolescents with Conduct Disorder with go on to develop Antisocial PD?

A: 33% (1/3)

Q: Why is scaffolding called scaffolding?

A: Because it involves building new knowledge upon knowledge that already exists

Q: What is blindsight?

A: Blindsight is a phenomenon that may occur when an individual suffers damage to the V1 area of the visual cortex. In blindsight, an individual reports that he or she cannot see, but responds to changes in the visual field (e.g., movement) due to visual processing that still occurs at lower visual areas.

Q: With which type of variables is trend analysis appropriate?

A: Continuous variables (Remember: it is an extension of ANOVA)

Q: What types of problems are not suitable for telemental health?

A: Crisis and life-threatning emergencies are not suitable for TMH. Additional note: Evidence for using TMH for OCD is weaker than for other disorders.

Q: What areas if damaged would lead to impairment in the ability to form long-term memories?

A: Damage to the medial-temporal lobe structures (inc. the hippocampus) or damage to the medial region of the thalamus (as in Korsakoff's)

Q: The child of an alcoholic is how many times more likely to abuse alcohol?

A: Four times

Q: Children with conversion disorder typically display sx of?

A: Gait deficits

Q: When is the validity coefficient useful for prediction and when is it not useful for prediction? Whose model is this?

A: If the validity coefficient is moderate to high, it is useful if SELECTION RATIO is LOW and BASE RATE is MODERATE. It is not useful if selection ratio is moderate to high (most or almost all people will be hired because there are many positions to be filled) or if base rate is very low or high (very few people do well at the job or almost everyone does well at the job respectively). This is the Taylor-Russel Validity Model.

Q: What is the most effective way to reduce prejudice and intergroup conflict?

A: Jigsaw classroom

Q: Contrast Freud and Jung in terms of emphasis on childhood experiences

A: Jung did NOT direct the client to focus on childhood experiences

Q: Name three risk factors for Antisocial PD

A: Maternal depression, lower intelligence, history of antisocial behaviours

Q: What is the gender breakdown when it comes to blue-yellow colour blindness?

A: Men and women are equally affected (It's red-green colour blindness that affects more men)

Q: What is reciprocal inhibition and when is it a useful technique in behaviour therapy?

A: Reciprocal inhibition is a procedure in which counterconditioning is used to replace an undesirable conditioned response with a more desirable response to the same stimulus. It is a useful technique in behaviour therapy when the prevalence of the stimuli that invokes the undesirable response cannot be controlled. Example: Repeated pairing of relaxation with elevators to reduce fearful reaction to elevators

Q: What is the primary focus of Pharmacokinetics (PK) as a process?

A: To provide data about the blood levels of a drug in the body

Q: Which class of substances is most likely to cause long-term perceptual disturbances?

A: hallucinogens

Q: What dos self-instruction therapy address?

A: self-talk and task completion

Suicide and race

AA lower than the rate for white adolescents males, but there has been an increase in the rates for both groups.

ADHD brain structures

Abnormalities in the right frontal lobe, striatum, and cerebellum

Dependence v. Abuse

Abuse requires legal problems

Ethics: publishing opinion

Accept if within competency, and honest opinions

Ethics: Sliding scale fees

Acceptable, but not mentioned

Factors for competent multicultural counseling

Acceptance, awareness, and skills

Old school records

According to Buckley Amendment, they should be destroyed (even when made aware by a third party)

Healthy identity development for early adolescent females

According to Carol Gilligan, is related to the girl's ability to stay connected to self and others (not acceptance by peers). After adolescence, they become disconnected and deny their feelings

Beta blockers, naltrexone, and naloxone

Act as antagonists (blocking)

Acute stress vs. PTSD

Acute less than 1 month

Antidepressant treatment

Acute phase: 4-6 weeks; Continuation phase: 4-9 months; Maintenance phase: 2yrs to lifetime

Vineland II

Adaptive behavior skills that Measures Information on the personal and social skills of individuals from birth to 90

Gottfredson's theory of circumscription and compromise

Addresses about how gender and prestige influence and limit career choice; Circumscription refers to the progressive elimination of least preferred options or alternatives that occurs as children become increasingly aware of occupational differences in gender or sex-type, prestige, and then field of work. Compromise refers to the expansion of preferences in recognition of and accommodation to external constraints (e.g., level of effort required, accessibility, cost) encountered in implementing preferences

Identity process theory

Adjustment to aging can be conceptualized as involving the three processes of identity assimilation (maintaining self-consistency), identity accommodation (making changes in the self), and identity balance (maintaining a sense of self but changing when necessary)

Who is at greater risk for suicide - adolescents in dual parent homes, adolescents in single parent homes, or neither (both are equal)?

Adolescents raised by single parents are at greater risk for suicide

Who has the highest suicide completion rate?

Adults over 65 (highest attempt rate is among people ages 24 - 44)

Organizational Development Feedback

After diagnosis has been made, used to help clients understand information and decide what actions to take

Not associated with adjustment to chronic illness

Age

Chronic illness and adjustment

Age is not correlated with overall adjustment

Genetically determined sex-role characteristic

Aggression

Opiates, cannabis, and nicotine

Agnoist drugs (mimic NT)

Ritalin is a dopamine agonist or antagonist?

Agonist

Agonist vs. Antagonist

Agonist increases Antagonist decreases

Selye's general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Which of the following is not included in an alcohol related disorder in the DSM-V A) alcohol dependence B) alcohol intoxication C) alcohol with drawls D) alcohol induced major neurocognitive disorder

Alcohol dependence

Ethics: client with gun, shake up husband

Alert new husband, if possible

Dramatic Play

Allows child to experiment with different roles, cope with fears and anxieties, express emotions

Domain referenced testing

Also known as criterion or context referenced testing, refers to a method of score interpretation that indicates what in examinee knows or can do in terms of content or behavior domain

Barnum effect

Also known as the Forer effect, is defined as the tendency for people to accept very vague or general feedback, such as horoscopes, as accurate

Account for most cases of Mental Retardation

Alterations of embryonic development

Best reliability coefficient to use when practical

Alternate forms (best across time, and context)

Americans with disabilities act (ADA) vs. Individual with disabilities education act

Americans with disabilities act (ADA): protects discrimination based on disability Individual with disabilities education act: provides public education for free

Which of the following drugs would be most useful for producing neuropathic pain: A) amitriptyline b) fluoxetine c) clozapine d) Tacrine hydrochloride

Amitriptyline

Partial Correlation

An analysis that allows the statistical influence of one measured variable to be held constant while computing the correlation between the other two measured variables.

Referent power

An individual or group control the behavior of others because of their desire to identify with that group or individual "you should do what I say because you're part of this family"

Sexual Disorder NOS

An individual who is uncomfortable with his or her homosexual orientation; if it was their biological sex, then Gender ID

False consensus bias

An overestimation of the number of people who share one's beliefs, opinions, and attitudes

Item analysis v. Item discrimination

Analysis looks at what will be retained Discrimination looks at discriminating among examiness

A person with damage to the hippocampus and adjacent areas in the Temporel lobe is it will most likely demonstrate which of the following? A) inability to form long-term memories about facts and events B) impairments and working memory C) inability to acquire a classically conditioned response D) loss of memory for remote personal events

And inability to form long-term memories about facts and events

Ex post facto research is distinguished from true experimental research by:

And inability to manipulate the independent variables

What are the requirements of informed consent from research participants?

And informed consent is always required except for when the study is unlikely to cause harm or is exhibited by legal or institutional regulations

Split plot ANOVA

Another name for him and he said to use this when the study is a mixed design and include between groups and with in the subject comparisons

Galton's theory of intelligence

One single factor - g - general intelligence

Peripheral vision

Anterior occiptial lobe

Speed and power

Antonyms Easy items and time limit vs. hard items and no time limit

Thurstone

Applied his method of factor analysis to intelligence leading to his proposed theory of Primary Mental Abilities (that individuals possess varying degrees of sub-components of intelligence) (hiding under a stone)

What percentage of individuals with Panic Disorder also would meet diagnostic criteria for Agoraphobia?

Approximately one-third to one-half of individuals diagnosed with Panic Disorder in community samples also have Agoraphobia

Fetal alcohol effects

Are less severe than those associated with FAS but are also largely irreversible

Child abuse effects

Are less severe when the perpetrator is a stranger

Minuchin's enactment

Are role-plays that Minuchin often used to evaluate and modify the family structure

Ethics: APA and CE credits

Are the responsibility of the sponsor. Not sanctioned, endorsed, or approved by APA

Holland Differentiation on SDS

One high score. (distinctness) Elevation is the sum of the six codes

In addition to identifying "bounded rationality" as an impediment to rational decision-making, Herbert Simon is known for his work on:

Artificial intelligence

Ethics: fee arrangements

As soon as possible

The central limit theorem

As the shape of a sampling distribution of means approaches normality as sample size increases (more people leads to meaner distributors)

Divorce and ethnicity

Asian american lowest rates and few female headed families

Ethics: custodial parent wants to end therapy

Ask for a few more sessions so that you can terminate properly

Measures of psychomotor skills(what are specific aspects of the skills, are they dependent or independent on each other)

Assess speed, coordination, strength, I think move my responses; there is no general "psychomotor factor" and various psychomotor skills are relatively independent

The Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence

Assesses infants' information processing skills by examining response to novel vs unfamiliar FACES - Best test predictor of intelligence and cognition

Differential aptitude test

Assesses job-related abilities and broad intellectual skills, used for vocational counseling

Overactive caudate nucleus

Associated with OCD

Personal space

Associated with cultural background

Neglect attachment

Associated with disorganized/disoriented

Impatient/overstimulating

Associated with insecure/avoidant

Cohesive group

Associated with less absenteeism, turnover, and greater productivity

Lesions to Medial hypothalamus

Associated with outbursts of rage and aggressive behavior

False recollections

Associated with prefrontal cortex

Left hemisphere damage

Associated with slow-cautious behavioral style; quick for right

Consolidation (in memory)

Association and rehearsal. Working memory needs to go through this to become LT memory. If it does not, it remains working memory and dies out quickly.

Difference between ataxia and apraxia

Ataxia is related to comprehension, coordination, and strength Apraxia is related to movement PLANNING

Long term exposure to racial oppression for minority groups is most likely to result in:

Attempting to earn acceptance by acquiring material goods and other signs of status

Infant response predictive of adult IQ

Attention to a visual recognition task (How much time it takes the baby to assimilate a novel stimulus )

Sheriffs and hovland social judgment theory is useful for understanding which of the following? Eight) interpersonal attraction to b) attitude change C) attribution of cause do you) impression formation

Attitude change; social judgment theory predicts that we are most likely to be persuaded when the position advocated by a message is with in our latitude of acceptance

Violence against gays and lesbians

Attributable to heterosexism (Herek)

In response to questions included in the adult attachment interview, a 34-year-old mother describes her childhood relationships with her own parentsas very positive, but she is unable to come up with specific experiences with them. Although she says this inability is due to poor memory, she is able to recall either heard during early childhood. Most likely, this woman's 13-month-old baby will exhibit which of the following attachment patterns in the stranger situation? A) secure b) avoidant C) resistant D) disorganized/disoriented

Avoidant

Which of the following techniques was designed to control the effects of "common methods bias"

Multi trait - multi method matrix

Tourette's criteria

Multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic

A pt has the symptoms of becoming upset whenever, worrying about being watched at work, having only one close friend and being afraid of losing them, barely leaving the house except to go to work because he is not very good driver and he fears are going to a car accident. Based on this information the best diagnosis for this patient is: Eight) schizotypal personality disorder be) schizoid personality disorder C) avoidant personality disorder d) dependent personality disorder

Avoidant personality disorder or

Which of the following is considered to be a negative symptoms of schizophrenia: catatonic behavior, the realization, disorganized speech, avolition

Avolition

"Testing the limits" in cognitive ability tests a) . Re-administering using standardize procedures after a period Training b) re administering the test, or portions of it, while modifying standardized procedures c) determining the accuracy of test results for predicting academic performance d) determining the accuracy test results for a highly heterogeneous group

B

The diagnosis of adjustment disorder requires the development of symptoms with in_months of the onset of the stressor A) 1 B) 3 C) 6 D) nine

B

To analyze the relationship between gender and Hollands six occupational themes, the appropriate statistical test would be which of the following: single sample Chi squared multiple sample Chi Square, one way ANOVA, two way ANOVA

Multiple sample Chi square (male/female = multiple variables, chi square = nominal scale)

Ethics: court referred tx

Must always get informed consent; not so for court ordered.

When developing a treatment plan for an 11-year-old with conduct disorder, you will most likely include which of the following interventions? A) interpersonal and social rhythm therapy be) parent management training C) stress inoculation D) pharmacotherapy

B

Halstead-Reitan

Must be highly trained Gives Impairment Index as result 4-5 hours to complete

The psychoanalyst Adolf stern provided the first organized description of the borderline patient. Of the 10 basic characteristics stern delineated, which of the following did he consider to be the most primary? A) inhibited aggression b) dictation C) emotion Dysregulation D) narcissism

Narcissism

Don Jackson, Murray Bowen, and a number of pioneers in the field of family therapy had a psycho dynamic background, which they Inc., to some degree, in their approach to family therapy. However, it is the psychoanalyst ______ who is generally identified as the first to formally adapt and apply psychoanalytic principles to the understanding of the family.

Nathan Ackerman

Escape and avoidance conditioning both involved: eight) positive reinforcement B) negative reinforcement C) positive punishment D) negative punishment

Negative reinforcement

Hypo frontally in individuals w schizophrenia have been linked to: negative symptoms, hallucinations and delusions, high expressed emotion, soma tic concenrs

Negative symptoms

In a_____distribution of scores, is less than the median in the median is less than the mode a) leptokurtic b) playtokurtic c) negatively skewed D) positively skewed

Negatively skewed

What style of parenting is associated with disorganized attachment?

Neglectful parenting

Bender Gesalt

Neuropsychological test designed to assess for organic brain damage

Daycare versus homecare

No adverse effects or affects

Therapy outcome research by race

No racial differences in outcome

Ethics and sex

No sex with past sexual parters Sex in the future after 2 years termination and non-exploitive

Hallucinogen withdrawal

No symptoms

Dementia due to Head Trauma

Non-progressive with single trauma, progressive in repeated trauma

Ravens progressive matrices

Nonverbal measures of general intelligence

Norm-referenced versus standard score

Norm is comparison between scorers. Standard based on how many standard deviations around the mean

Types of hydrocephalus

Normal pressure, acquired (large head), and congenital (spina bifida)

By what age should one expect "telegraphic speech" (i.e., two-word sentences) to occur in an infant?

Normally telegraphic speech appears between the age of 1 - 2 YEARS. It would rarely be absent by the age of 30 months; if it is, a developmental evaluation is justified.

Distinction between three stages for plans change (chin & benne): normative-reeducative, rational-empirical, and power-coercive

Normative re-educative: focuses on collaboration between individuals representing different disciplines an interest in order to use norms and peer pressure to foster change rational empirical: utilizes information as the primary change agent Power coercive: utilizes the power and authority of leaders to facilitate change

Short term memory and age

Not affected with older adults

Apraxia

Not due to paralysis, cognitive impairment, or sensory loss. damage to areas in the frontal and/or parietal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere

Failure of Total Quality Management

Not giving sufficient responsibility to employees

Supervisor compliments employees appearance and whistles at her. Employee tells him to stop. Supervisor apologizes and says he "means no harm" and that he'll stop. Sexual harassment?

Not if he stops commenting and whistling after he was asked to stop

Lester-3

Not reliant on verbal instructions or responses, appropriate for individuals with hearing and language impairments

Asian smiling

Not used to express disapproval, but embarrassment, discomfort (think Rodney king, people interpreted Korean smiling as lack of compassion)

Research by the European social psychologist Serge Moscovici suggest that, if you represent the minority position on an issue and want to convince other group members that your position is best the best strategy is to

Not waiver from your position

As described by the DSM-V, level of severity of alcohol use disorder and other substance use disorders is based on:

Number of symptoms

According to what theory does language develop as the result of learning?

Nurturist perspective

To assess the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention on the calorie intake of women with anorexia, you obtain a sample of women who've just received this diagnosis and determine the average number of calories each women consumes per day for The week before and the week after the intervention is applied. To analyze the data, you Will use which of the following statistical tests? A) t-test for a single sample B) t-test for dependent samples C) t-test for independent samples D) t-test for multiple samples

B Dependant samples are appropriate when to means to be compared to each other are related, which would be the case when they have been obtained from the same group of participants

"In periods of crisis, such as loss, abandonment, separation, failure, and loneliness, the individual can temporarily fall back on his internal world "this statement reflects the basic assumptions of which of the following approaches? A) Gestalt theory B) reality series C) object relations theory D) cognitive behavioral therapy

Object relations theory

The routing subtests for the Stanford-Binet intelligence skills, fifth edition are which of the following?

Object series/matrices in vocabulary

Most common features associated with Tourette's Disorder

Obsessions and compulsions

Cluster sampling

Obtains naturally occurring groups, rather than individuals

Functional disorders

Old DSM term May or may not have a physiological component but are not directly caused by a known physiological factor

How does age relate to job satisfaction?

Older workers - more satisfied with their jobs Younger workers - more satisfied when intrinsic factors (e.g., challenge) are good vs. extrinsic (e.g., pay)

Process consultation concern

On behaviors that disrupt normal social processes of the job. Believes attitude change follows behavior change.

Which of the following medications is least likely to cause anticholinergic symptoms? A Imipramine B Fluoxetine C Amitriptyline D Venlafaxine

B Fluoxetine

Which statement is most correct? A High reliability assumes high validity. B High validity assumes high reliability. C Low validity assumes low reliability. d Low reliability assumes low validity.

B High validity assumes high reliability. Remember: you need reliability in order for test to be valid, but a test doesn't necessarily need to be valid in order for it to be reliable

You have a client who does not want their records released under any circumstances. The attorney has subpoened you. Your best course of action is to: A Respond in-person, but don't take the records B Take the records, but don't turn them over C Ignore the entire matter D Destroy the records

B Take the records, but don't turn them over

In terms of interviews as selection techniques, which of the following is most consistent with the research? A Panel interviews generally have the highest levels of validity, and they are especially valid when an average (versus consensus) rating is derived. B When interviewers are given biodata information about an interviewee prior to the interview, interviewers give less credence to interview information when the biodata is not supportive of a decision to hire than when the biodata is very supportive of a decision to hire. C Although the research is inconsistent, the best conclusion about interviews is that future-oriented (situational) interviews are more valid than past-oriented (behavior description) interviews regardless of whether the interview is structured or unstructured. D One of the difficulties with interviews, even when they are structured, is that they are highly susceptible to gender biases, especially when the interviewee and the interviewer are of different genders.

B When interviewers are given biodata information about an interviewee prior to the interview, interviewers give less credence to interview information when the biodata is not supportive of a decision to hire than when the biodata is very supportive of a decision to hire. There is some evidence that interviewers place less importance on interview information when biodata is not very favorable and more importance when it is supportive of a hiring decision. Apparently, a good interview cannot make up for a bad history, but a good history can be supported or canceled out by the results of the interview.

Signs of the personality characteristic of social inhibition are usually present A at birth. B by the age of four months. C by the age of nine months. D by the time the child attends school for the first time.

B by the age of four months.

A distinguishing characteristic of the Montessori teaching method is A children are grouped by developmental level rather than by age. B children are free to select their own learning activities. C it emphasizes emotional development and academic achievement. D its focus on group activities and learning experiences.

B children are free to select their own learning activities. Remember: Montessori promotes independence and working to one's own potential

A psychologist who obtained a Ph.D. in experimental psychology wants to change her specialty to clinical psychology. To meet the requirements set forth by the General Guidelines for Providers, the psychologist must A complete an internship in clinical psychology under the supervision of a professional clinical psychologist. B complete appropriate doctoral-level classes and supervised post-doctoral training. C obtain a Ph.D. in clinical psychology from an accredited college or university. D meet her state's requirements for licensure in clinical psychology.

B complete appropriate doctoral-level classes and supervised post-doctoral training. Remember: Experience AND training

If someone presents with complaints and symptoms including anxiety, irritability, and hypomania, and the diagnosed disorder is not exclusively psychogenic, the most likely non-psychiatric cause would be A Addison's Disease. B hyperthyroidism. C Sleep Apnea. D Alcohol Amnestic Disorder.

B hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism is a possible physiological cause of symptoms that resemble generalized anxiety or hypomania

Which of the following antidepressants is associated with the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), enuresis, and decreasing the desire to binge and purge? A sertraline B imipramine C paroxetine D fluvoxamine

B imipramine

Rutter (1985) believes that there are six family risk factors that are particularly accurate predictors of child psychopathology. They include all of the following except: A low socioeconomic status. B paternal psychopathology. C severe marital discord. D large family size.

B paternal psychopathology. Should be maternal psychopathology. Rutter listed (1) low SES, (2) severe marital discord, (3) large family size, (4) parental criminality, (5) maternal psychopathology, and (6) placement of children outside the home, to be predictors of child psychopathology.

According to Erik Erikson, an adolescent who is unsuccessful in resolving the identity vs. identity confusion psychosocial conflict will exhibit: A fidelity B repudiation C mainstream behaviors D hopelessness

B repudiation According to Erikson, adolescents who are unsuccessful in resolving the identity vs. identity confusion stage experience either the extreme of "FANATICISM" or "REPUDIATION." Fanaticism occurs when the person becomes overzealous in identification to a particular role to the point that he or she is intolerant of others. Repudiation is the other maladaptive tendency in which the adolescent compensates for a lack of identity by fusing with a group that eagerly provides its members with details of an identity: religious cults, military organizations, or hate groups.

Complex Partial Seizure Disorder, formerly known as Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, is known to originate in the temporal lobe. However, absence seizures, formerly known as petit mal seizures, are believed to originate in the: A cerebelum B thalamus C occipital lobe D parietal lobe

B thalamus

A "culturally encapsulated" counselor: A) has little or no exposure to individuals from different cultures D) disregards cultural differences and their own cultural biases C) prioritizes culture as an etiological factor in mental illness D) recognizes that universal principles of behavior do not apply to everyone

B)

A listener is least likely to change her attitude as the result of the communicators message if: a) the listener accidentally overhears the message be) the listener has prior knowledge about the content of the message C) communicators arguing against his or her own best interest D) there is a modern discrepancy between the listeners initial position and the communicators position

B)

According to Donald super, "career maturity" refers to: A) the final stage of predevelopment B) the ability to accomplish the tasks of each stage of creative element C) the ability to make realistic career choices D) the acquisition of skills needed to successfully perform ones chosen job

B)

Alcohol withdrawal is characterized by: A) dysphoric mood, vivid dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, and increased appetite be) hand tremor, insomnia, hallucinations, and seizures C) incoordination, nystagmus, impaired memory, and mood lability Steve) dysphoric mood, pupillary dilation, insomnia, and fever

B)

Analysis of covariance ANCOVA is used to: A) analyze the effects to b) statistically control variability in The D pendant variable due to the effects of an extraneous variable C) just for systematic differences between groups that occur as part of the experimental treatment D) determine if there is a significant interaction between two or more independent variables

B)

And educational psychologist with expertise in areas of intellectual and learning disabilities is hired by the school district to assist a teacher who is having difficulty working effectively with newly "mainstreamed" to students. The psychologist will work directly with the teacher to help him acquired the skills he needs to work with the students but will have little or no direct contact with the students. This is best described as a type of: A) client centered case consultation B) consultee centered case consultation C) program centered administrative consultation D) consultee centered administrative consultation

B)

Berscheid's emotion in relationship model proposes that strong positive emotions are more likely to be elicited in the initial stages of a relationship and in the later stages because: A) in the early stages, the partners of limited information about each other's undesirable qualities B) in the early stages, each partner that is positive and unexpected C) in the early stages, the partners work hard to be sensitive to each other's needs D) overtime, people become "emotionally immune" to the behaviors of others

B)

Experts on cross-cultural counseling note that, when working with African-American clients, it is important to recognize their past experiences in a racist society are likely to have fostered feelings of powerlessness. Consequently, a good strategy for a therapist is to adopt a: eight) nondirective, less active approach B) problem-solving, time-limited approach C) colorblind approach D) neutral, educative approach

B)

From a "control systems" perspective, when established control mechanisms are no longer effective due to radical changes in the environment, new mechanisms must be found or developed. The new mechanisms of the system adapt to environmental changes by providing: A) negative feedback be) positive feedback C) formative evaluations D) summative evaluations

B)

From the psychoanalytic perspective, a phobia is a) a fear of death or "non-being" B) and externalization of a forbidden impulse c) A projection of a "disown self" D) a projection of shame and guilt

B)

Investigator changes the level of significance for his research study from .01 to .001. He is: A) left likely to incorrectly retain a false null hypothesis b) less likely to incorrectly reject a true null hypothesis C) more likely to incorrectly retain a true null hypothesis D) more likely to incorrectly reject a true null hypothesis

B)

Research examining the effects of divorce suggest that maladjustment in children following the divorce of their parents is most likely the result of which of the following? A) the parents separation b) parental this harmony C) disruption in lifestyle D) diminished parental control

B)

The Fagan test of infant intelligence has been found to be a better predictor of leader cognitive ability and traditional isn't test. Most likely this is because the Fagan test: A) focuses on sensory motor skills be) use a selective attention to measure recognition memoryC) uses non-reactive measures D) is a norm referenced matter development

B)

The correlation between two is equal or close to zero when, in a scatter plot: a) The range of y scores at each value of x is about the same b) The range of y scored at each value of x is equal to the total range of y scores c) the range of y scores is equal to the range of x scores d) the range of y scores at each value of x is different

B)

When treating a patient with delirium, a priority is to identify and then Street or remove it cause. In addition, it's important to: A) make sure the patient was provided with adequate stimulation B) keep the patient in a quiet room where he or she can be monitored by a family or staff C) administer a neuroleptic to reduce the patients disorientation and agitation D) make sure family members and friends regularly visit

B)

Which is true about gender differences in newborns? Eight) girls have higher morbidity and mortality rates then newborn boys B) boys have higher more bitty and mortality rates the newbirn girls C) girls and boys have similar morbidity and mortality rates D) newborn girls have higher mortality rates but newborn boys have higher morbidity rates

B)

While working in a correctional facility a therapist asked to evaluate a prisoner to determine his eligibility for parole. In the situation you should: A) conduct the evaluation is required to part of your job B) conduct the evaluation only if you believe it will serve as a useful dispositional function C) conduct the evaluation after reminding the prisoner that anything he says can be shared with prison authorities D) refused evaluation unless it has been court ordered

B)

Which of the following selection techniques is most accurate predictor of job performance across different jobs and job settings? A) situational interviews B) general mental abilities test C) work samples test D) interest test

B) General mental abilities test have the highest criterion related validity coefficients across jobs, jobs settings, and criterion measures

One problem with Holland's RIASEC theory of matching interests with vocation is that: A) It does not consider cultural factors B) It does not take into account that discrimination may limit the job opportunities open to some minority groups C) It does not take into account that some cultures are more communal than traditional Western culture D) It does not factor in academic success

B) It does not take into account that discrimination may limit the job opportunities

All of the following are risk factors for suicide EXCEPT: A) loss experiences B) being single C) history of abuse D) impulsivity

B) being single

OCD may result from hyperactivity in the: A) medial reticular formation B) caudate nucleus C) cingulate gyrus D) locus coeruleus

B) caudate nucleus

The problem with "critical incident technique" is that: A) it focuses too much on task requirements as opposed to employee attributes be) it does not provide a very good picture of what is typically required for effective job performance C) it is susceptible to biases such as the tendency to overestimate with the employee actually accomplishes D) it's items are too General and often do not apply to specific jobs or tasks

B) evaluate behaviors that are crucial to job performance but can be extreme and often do not reflect what people typically do

The sequence of events involved in brain development is: A) meiosis, mitosis, differentiation, and myelination B) maturation, myelination, differentiation, and synaptic formation C) migration, differentiation, maturation, and myelination D) proliferation, maturation, migration, and differentiation

B) maturation, myelination, differentiation, and synaptic formation

Episodic Memory impairment follows damage to the: A) cerebellum B) medial temporal lobes C) brain stem D) hypothalamus

B) medial temporal lobes

A person who is faced with an approach - avoidant conflict: A) the closer they get to the goal of the stronger the desire is to approach it be) the closer the person gets to the call the stronger the desire to avoid it C) regardless of the proximity toThe goal The person's desire to avoid the girl gets stronger than the desire to approach it D) regardless of the proximity to the goal the person's desire to approach it is equal to the desire to avoid it

B) the approach avoid conflict occurs when a girl has both positive and negative aspects. This conflict is difficult to resolve because as a person moves closer to the goal the desire to avoid become stronger and as the person moves away from the goal, the desire to approach increases (Lewin and Miller distinguish between four motivational conflicts: approach - avoidance, avoidance - avoidance, approach - avoidance, and double approach - avoidance.)

Job commitment is most strongly associated with: A) productivity B) turnover and absenteeism C) work quality D) job satisfaction

B) turnover and absenteeism

Which of the following is not considered a side effect of propranolol? A. Bradycardia B. Migraine headache C. Shortness of breath D. Raynaud's phenomenon

B. Migraine headache

4 stages of sleep in order

BAT-D: Beta, alpha, theta, delta

Erikson's Developmental Stages

Bare Ass Four Eyes and a GI B - basic trust vs. mistrust (0-1) A - autonomy vs. shame (1-3) I - initiative vs. guilt (3-6) I - industry vs. inferiority (6-12) I - identity vs. role confusion (adolescence) I - intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood) G - generativity vs. stagnation (middle adulthood) I - integrity vs. despair (late adulthood)

interpersonal therapy (ITP)

Based on a medical model, views mental disorders as illnesses and focuses on symptom reduction in addition to improving interpersonal relationships

Dynamic assessment

Based on the assumption that cognitive abilities and processes are modifiable, used to assess learning potential

"The protective privilege ends when the public peril begins."

Basis for Tarassof decision

An undergraduate student is asked by a professor to assist in a new research project the student will help with the literature review - analysis according to the ethics code when the research is published, the student should, at minimum:

Be mentioned in an introductory statement or a footnote

Gender Differences in OCD

Begin after 6 years old

Tension headache

Begins in the frontal or occipital area of the head and then proceeds to involve a bilateral dull ache

In the 50s research at Ohio State develop an influential theory of leadership that focused on a leader's:

Behaviors

Gamblers fallacy

Belief that a particular chance affected by the occurrence of previous events

egogram

Berne's transactional analysis; The ego states, which are expressed relative to one another, can be mapped

TCA for Chronic pain

Best for neuropathic pain and headaches (effect on SE)

Narrow peripheral vision develops...

Between 2 - 10 weeks (about 2 1/2 months)

GAF of suicidal or serious impairment

Between 40-50

Concept of death and children

Between 7-9 yo. Consistent with Concrete operational stage

Ethnic children accurately apply ethnic labels

Between ages 5-9

Strongest bond Hispanic American Family

Between parent and child

Correlated with turnover

Biographical information

Beta blockers

Block NT transmission

Split brain patient and language

Both hemispheres could process linguistic information

Reciprocal liking is most likely to occur if

Both people are secure, have high self-esteem, and like each other right away in a situation

Herbert Simon

Bounded Rationality. (Administrative model of decision making - satisficing)

Child gender by teacher gender

Boys more likely to be criticized overall than girls

Tourette Syndrome, Autistic Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Brain imaging abnormalities in the basal ganglia and frontal lobes

Notifying partners of HIV/AIDS clients

Breach of confidentiality laws vary by state

Differentiate between a brief psychotic episode, schizophrenoform disorder, and schizophrenia

Brief Psychotic (>1 month) - Schizophrenoform (1-6 months) - Schizophrenia (6 months +)

Brief v. longterm psychodynamic therapy

Brief discourages transference neurosis. Brief sees positive transference as important

To manifest all the following traits except____, and offspring must inherent be homozygous pair of genes from his or her parents. A) blonde hair b) nearsightedness C) rh-negative blood D) brown eyes

Brown eyes

Rescorla-Wagner model of learning

Built on the idea that learning depends on the surprisingness of the US. When the occurrence of the US is surprising - a larger amount of conditioning occurs and if the occurrence of the US is less surprising - a relatively smaller amount of conditioning occurs.

And individuals functioning in conceptual, social, and practical domains is evaluated to determine the appropriate severity level for which of the following diagnoses? A) autism spectrum disorder be) specific learning disability C) intellectual disability D) posttraumatic stress disorder

C

Chronic otitis media in early childhood has been linked to: a )pica b) autism C) learning disorders D) Tourette's syndrome

C

The assessment of patients with Alzheimer's disease is an ongoing process due to the degenerative nature and need to alter treatment plan. During the fourth or fifth year of the disease, and assessment is most likely to reveal: A) deficits a new learning, mild to moderate impairment in remote memory, anomia, and sadness be)severe impairment in memory and executive functioning, motor rigidity, confusion, Andalusians C) severe impairments in recent and remote memory, fluent aphasia, indifference or irritability, and restlessness D) severely impaired intellectual functioning, incontinence, apathy, and seizures

C

The severity level for a DSM five diagnosis of bulimia is based on which of the following? A) duration of this disorder be) current body mass index C) average number of weekly episodes of inappropriate compensatory behaviors D) average number of weekly episodes of binge eating

C

To determine if a protector is biased against members of a particular group you would compare: A) that means of the different groups on the predictor b) the means of the different groups on the criterion c) The regression lines for the different groups D) the Y intercept of the different groups

C

Infant intelligence tests and adult prediction

Only for infants who score very low. Can screen for future risk

Separation anxiety progression

Onset at 8 months of age, rises dramatically until the age of 18 months, and then gradually falls off until it becomes negligible between the ages of 24-36 months

Use of which of the following substances is not likely to produce a substance induced psychotic disorder? A) alcohol b) Cannabis C) cocaine D) opioids

Opioids

The rational - economic model of decision-making views decision-makers as attempting to make:

Optimal decisions

Name Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development and what fixation occurs at each stage

Orphan Annie was a Pretty Little Girl O - oral (0-1) - oral fixation (e.g., smoking, binge eating) A - anal (1-3) - uptight, controlling P - phallic (3-6) - oedipal/electra complex L - latency (6-12) - no fixation associated G - genital (12 +) - fixation from earlier stages only

Illusory correlation

Over estimation of the link between two events that are unrelated are only slightly related

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Overeating, weight gain, hypersomnia and a craving for carbohydrates

Race and utilization

Overutilization by African Americans; underutilization by Asian and Latino

Acute symptoms of hypoglycemia

Panic and anxiety; latter depression, psychosis, and/or personality change

A client is acting passive aggressive way toward a therapist and intern the therapist unconsciously becomes passive aggressive toward her supervisor this is an example of what?

Parallel process

MMPI - Scale 6

Paranoia

Schizophrenia genetics

Parent or sibling = 10% dizygotic twins =17% monozygotic twins = 46%

Alcohol Abuse and Dependence has a male to female ratio of about: A 10 to 1 B 1 to 10 C 5 to 1 D 2 to 1.

C 5 to 1

Huntington's Disease is most associated with decreased amounts of: A dopamine B epinephrine C GABA D norepinephrine

C GABA (produced by the striatum)

When a psychologist working out of the Adlerian model serves as a consultant in a school, they: A Work primarily with the school B Identify the areas of inferiority within the system C Primarily educate the parents and teachers through an emphasis on preventive interventions D Reverse roles--having the teachers see themselves as children and the students as parents in the family school system.

C Primarily educate the parents and teachers through an emphasis on preventive interventions In general, consultants work with the teachers and parents rather than individual students. With the Adlerian model, preventive interventions are emphasized and the consultants educate the parents and teachers.

According to current research, the most predictive variable for adult IQ scores among infant responses would be A scores on the Bayley Scale of Infant Development. B scores on the Gesell Development Schedule. C attention to a visual recognition task. D auditory orientation.

C attention to a visual recognition task.

A colleague of yours is interested in studying the effects of aging on IQ scores. He consults with you for some ideas regarding how to proceed with this research. Which of the following types of research designs would you recommend? A longitudinal B cross-sectional C cross-sequential D multiple baseline

C cross-sequential research This type of study is the strongest from a scientific point of view. Cross-sequential research is a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal research

A child in Piaget's autonomous stage of moral development is most likely to agree that: A if you break a rule while playing a game, you'll be punished. B rules are made to be broken. C game rules can be changed if everyone who is playing the game agrees. D game rules can be changed only if a parent or teacher says it's okay.

C game rules can be changed if everyone who is playing the game agrees.

Which of the "Big Five" personality traits is most associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder? A low on neuroticism, low on agreeableness, and low on conscientiousness B low on neuroticism, low on openness, low on extroversion C high on neuroticism, low on agreeableness, and low on conscientiousness D high on neuroticism, low on openness, low on agreeableness

C high on neuroticism, low on agreeableness, and low on conscientiousness Also high on extraversion. Remember: neuroticism is sometimes referred to as its opposite - emotional stability

Classical Adlerian psychotherapy: A provides six stages as a systematic procedure B provides twelve phases as a teaching guideline C is a progression through twelve stages D is a creatively practiced art without stages

C is a progression through twelve stages

In pre-adolescence, Panic Disorder is A impossible to distinguish from Separation Anxiety Disorder B not diagnosed since pre-adolescents cannot exhibit any of the cognitive symptoms of Panic Disorder C most likely manifested as chest pain, tachycardia, shortness of breath, and refusal to go to school D most likely manifested as chest pain, tachycardia, shortness of breath, and a feeling of "going crazy"

C most likely manifested as chest pain, tachycardia, shortness of breath, and refusal to go to school

Which of the following best describes the ethical requirements of a licensed clinical psychologist who tests positive for HIV? A inform clients of his/her medical condition "as early as is feasible" B obtain supervision to ensure that the medical condition does not interfere with the performance of work-related duties C refrain from initiating any professional activities that might be adversely affected by the medical condition D there is no obligation to take precautions or special actions in this situation

C refrain from initiating any professional activities that might be adversely affected by the medical condition

Anosognosia is most often due to damage to the: A corpus callosum B left temporal lobe C right parietal lobe D occipital lobe

C right parietal lobe Remember: Anosognosia is an inability, or unwillingness, to recognize one's own functional impairment. Also remember the parietal lobe is associated with sensorimotor

A client says she's upset because her doctor has suggested she undergo test for a possible hyperactive thyroid. She says she believes that doctors are always looking for excuses to be unnecessary procedures in order to make my money. You should: A) read up on hyperthyroidism to be informed because parentheses have her sign a release of information to contact her physician C) refer her to an endocrinologist to discuss The purpose of the tests D) explore the source of her hostility toward doctors

C)

Ajzen's theory of planned behavior predicts that attitudes are good predictors of a person's behavior when the measure of attitudes assesses the persons: A) intrinsic motivation be) ego involvement C) behavioral intention D) past behavior

C)

For a claim of malpractice: A) therapist must of had malevolent intentions and there must have been a causal connection between therapist asked and the harm suffered by the client be) the therapist must have had malevolent intentions and or there must be some harm to the client as a result of the therapist acts C) the therapist may or may not have had malevolent intentions but there must be a causal connection between the therapist asked and the harm suffered by the client D the therapist must have had violated normal "standards of practice" or must have had malevolent intentions

C)

In the DSM-V one substance abuse and substance dependence are combined into the single diagnosis of substance use disorder which of the following was not included as a symptom of this disorder which was previously in the DSM four? A) persistent desire unsuccessful efforts to control substance use b) recurrent use of the substance and situations in which it is physically hazardous C) recurrent substance related legal problems D) a strong desire or urge to use the substance

C)

Research by Geller and associates found that five symptoms are useful for distinguishing pre-pubertal and early adolescence bipolar disorder from ADHD. Which of the following is not one of these five symptoms? A) elation B) decreased need for sleep C) accelerated speech D) flight of ideas

C)

Research indicates that one total quality management fails to live up to its potential, it's most often because: A) the team leader lacks adequate leadership skills be) there was too much reliance on team versus individual effort C) employees were not sufficiently involved in decision-making D) pay another benefits were not adequately link to team performance

C)

When a "leader in this group discussion" is used alone or as a component of an assessment center, and is most helpful for: A) providing training to supervisors in the supervisees in problem-solving and communication skills) identifying ways for improving the ability of the team to achieve its production goals C) assessing her developing the leadership abilities of applicants for managerial level positions D) identifying the barriers face by team leaders when the attempt to solve it work-related problem

C)

Which of the following emphasizes the role of cost and the words of a relationship on a person's decision to stay in that relationship? A) gain loss very be) expectancy theory c) social exchange theory D) social comparison theory

C)

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the current understanding of post concussional syndrome? Eight) the more severe the head trauma, the more severe and the longer duration of the symptoms of PCS B) most patients who developed PCS never fully recover from the motor and other physical symptoms of the disorder C) the symptom of PCS are often due to a combination of organic and psychological factors the) in most cases PCS is purely psychological in nature and motivated by a desire for financial compensation

C)

You received a voicemail from a well respected license psychologist in your community is currently seeing one of your former clients. She says that she has obtained the clients consent and wants you to forward the clients records to her. You should: A) for a photocopy of the clients records to her B) forward on the information that you feel is relevant and not obsolete C) contact the client to obtain a release directly from him D) wait until you hear directly from the client before taking any action

C)

An individual with damage limited to the prefrontal correct would likely have impairments with which type of memory? A) Episodic memory B) Procedural memory C) Working memory D) Explicit memory

C) Working memory

Compensable factors identified within a job evaluation include all of the following except: A) skill B) responsibility/accountability C) contentiousness D) working conditions

C) contentiousness

To statistically analyze rank-ordered data obtained from two correlated groups, you would use which of the following: A) mann Whitney U b) kruskal-wallis c) wilcoxon d) ANCOVA

C) wilcoxon- used for groups that have been formed by matched participants on the Basis of their scores in on a pretest or extraneous variable and then randomly assigned members of each matched pair to one of two groups

Differentiate among different types of schizophrenia:

CATATONIC: assume peculiar postures and are usually speechless. They may be both rigid and motionless, or they may seem agitated and move around excessively, but always without external stimulus. PARANOID: delusions that follow a theme, like persecution or grandeur. Auditory hallucinations may accompany a delusion and are, therefore, usually related to its theme; irritability, anger, anxiety; LESS dysfunction DISORGANIZED: disorganized speech, behavior, and flattened affect is particularly disruptive. The disorganized episode (also known as hebephrenic schizophrenia) often features fragmented speech and inappropriate or unexpected behavior that does not reflect ideas expressed verbally. Strange mannerisms, gestures, and surprising behavior are common. UNDIFFERENTIATED: lack of catatonia, paranoia, or disorganized speech. Undifferentiated schizophrenia might resemble other illnesses, including neurological disorders. However, people suffering from non-psychiatric diseases typically have insight into their condition and they understand the medical basis for its presence.

Chaining vs. Shaping

CHAINING: train subjects to perform complex tasks one part at a time in order SHAPING: operant conditioning, reward successive approximations of behaviour

What are Kolberg's stages of moral development?

CHARLE Pre-conventional: C = consequences H = hedonism Conventional: A = approval R = rules Post-Conventional: L = laws E = ethics

CT over MRI

CT cheaper, detecting fresh blood around brain

Delirium

Can include perceptual disturbances. Symptoms fluctuate, but not so in brief psychotic disorder

Name the associated key figure: Mental Health Consultation

Caplan

The motion of "career concept" refers to an individual's:

Career decisions

Catecholamines and indolamines

Cata: D, NE, E; Indo: SE

The Catecholamine Hypothesis of Depression

Catecholamine plays a role in depression; supported by pharmacological studies that have shown MAOs and tricyclics to be efficacious for treating depression via their effects on norepinephrine

Race and Locus of Control

Caucasian children typically have more of a sense of internal control compared to African American children who have more of an external locus of control

Path analysis is used to determine a correlational relationship or a causal relationship

Causal

Prader-Willi syndrome and cru-du-chat

Caused by chromosomal deletion

Anticholinergic effects

Central (impaired concentration, confusion, attention deficit, and memory impairment) Peripheral (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, bowel obstruction, dilated pupils, blurred vision, increased heart rate, and decreased sweating)

Centralized vs. Decentralized governance

Centralized Governance: involves information management being reported up through a single chain of command. Best utilized with the business environment is stable and predictable, more efficient when groups are large and tasks are simple, less job satisfaction Decentralized Governance: Would be best utilized when the business environment is considered to be changing and competitive, more effective with complex tasks, more job satisfaction, less efficient when groups are large

Spinal cord regions

Cervical (hand, fingers), thoracic (hand and arm), lumbar (hip, thigh, leg), sacral (foot and leg)

Barrier to substance abuse for women

Child and childcare concerns

Make-believe Play

Child may imagine self to be another person or creature or pretend ordinary objects have special qualities

Chorea vs Ataxia

Chorea is impairment in involuntary movements so that movements are irregular, uncoordinated; damage to striatum (part of basal ganglia); seen in Huntington's Ataxia is impairment in voluntary movement so that when an individual attempts to move, movements are uncoordinated; damage to cerebellum; seem in Wernicke's

Explain the difference between circular questioning and reframing in family systems therapy:

Circular Questioning: Helps family members to identify similarities and differences in their perceptions of events or relationships; hypothesis testing Reframing: Helps clients to view experiences and events from another perspective

Lithium is most effective for: A) bipolar disorder with rapid cycling B) "classic "bipolar disorder C) bipolar disorder with prominent anxiety symptoms D) bipolar disorder with prominent depressive symptoms

Classic bipolar disorder

Ethics: send records for billing electronically

Clearly mark it confidential

In schools, psychological consultants are often hired to help teachers resolve problems related to specific individual students. This is referred to as:

Client centered case consultation

How do ambivalent attached babies react to mother leaving and returning?

Clingy and upset when mom leaves, happy to see her when she returns but resist advances

Reducing teen pregnancy

Clinic program over school. and Focusing on contraceptive use and distribution

Intense pain behind the eye

Cluster headache

The reuptake of what neurotransmitter is prevented by cocaine?

Cocaine is believed to block the reuptake of dopamine.

Patterson and his colleagues focus on the family in describing the origins of aggression in children. Pacifically, they relate hi aggressiveness in children to: A) attachment and security in infancy B) parental permissiveness and overindulgence C) parental rejection and lack of warmth D) coercivity changes between parent and child

Coercive is exchanges between parent and child

French and raven Six types of social power

Coercive, reward, expert, referent, informational, and legitimate

In a research study, a social psychologist gives participants either One dollar or $20 to tell potential participants that the dull experiment was very interesting. With regard to cognitive dissonance theory and self perception theory which of the following is true ( cog diss AND/OR self perc theories predict 1$ OR 20$ reported greater liking of the Exp)

Cognitive dissonance theory and self perception theory both predict that participants in the one dollar condition will subsequently report greater liking for the dull experiment than those in the $20 condition; One dollar condition report liking in order to reduce the dissonance they feel about describing the doll study is interesting, and contrast self perception theory predicts participants in one dollar condition report great liking because they will evaluate their actual opinion of the study by looking at their overt behavior (telling others the experiment was interesting)

Yalom' group outcome success and individual growth

Cohesion

3 components of hardiness?

Commitment control, challenge

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV), a type of herpes virus

Common symptoms include some degree of mental retardation and hearing and visual impairments

In factor analysis the____ is the proportion of a tests total variance that is accounted for by the common ( identified) factors.

Communality

Peripheral route persuasion

Communicator is appealing Listener uninvolved Message distracted or fearful

Competitive vs Noncompetitive Transmitters

Competitive: mimic the neurotransmitter Noncompetitive: do the opposite of the neurotransmitter

What type of seizure is also known as temporal lobe epilepsy?

Complex partial seizures

WDEP system

Component of Reality therapy; W - exploring the client's wants and perceptions, D - direction or what client is doing (acting, thinking, feeling, physiology) to get what they want, E - evaluate whether client's behavior is getting him/her closer or further from goal, and P- planning or creating and implementing a workable plan to make positive changes

Early-onset OCD

Compulsions appear before obsessions; same time for late-onset

LISREL

Computer software to determine whether a causal relationship between variables is correct

Realist Job Description

Concise, practical description of job, written for potential applicants, can lower rates of turnover

Two types of criterion-related validity

Concurrent and predictive

Functional analysis is used to examine...

Conditions that control a behaviour (consequences of behaviour that affect its occurrence)

A 12-year-old boys mother says her son is very argumentative, doesn't do what he is asked to do, and frequently bullies and threatens his sister and classmates at school. Also in the past year, the boy has skipped school at least a half-dozen times, I ran away from home for two days on three different occasions, and was expelled from school for throwing a rock through a school window. The mother has been divorced for four years, and she says that these problems started several months fter she remarried two years ago. Based on the symptoms, the most likely diagnosis for the boy is:

Conduct disorder

According to Sue and Sue's Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, a person in the DISSONANCE stage would experience...

Conflict between appreciation and depreciation of the self and the majority group

Leading cause of infant deaths

Congenital malformations, then SIDS

According to the Ohio State University studies from the 1950s, what are the two dimensions of leadership?

Consideration and initiating structure

Rational-economic model

Considers all alternatives

The psychologist just started working at a mental health clinic and has been referred clients minority group he has not worked with before. He should:

Consult with the senior member of the clinic

A colleagues says one of their Clients sexually abused their daughter. Colleague says he's not going to report it because the abuse was mild and the client shows remorse, will not do it again and will continue therapy. Another concern is that reporting may be detrimental to the community because the client is widely known and. Well respected. You should

Contact reporting authority center (dcfs) and provide into about abuse and colleagues name

Peripheral cortex

Contains amygdala, neocortex, right frontal and temporal lobes

Behavioral assessments are useful for determining behavioral

Contingencies

Therapy experience and outcome

Contrary to old research, there is a moderate relationship, especially for client's with severe problems

Papez's circuit is involved in what?

Control of emotions

Striatum

Controls various muscular activities such as walking and balance

Convergent vs. Divergent Thinking

Convergent Thinking: Involves analyzing ONE problem to come up with ONE solution; Divergent Thinking: Involves analyzing ONE problem to come up with MULTIPLE solutions

Seroconversion

Conversion from seronegative (HIV negative) to seropositive (HIV positive)

You receive a letter from the ethics committee asking for information about a former client who has filed a complaint against her current therapist. He stopped seeing the client over seven years ago you should

Cooperate with the committees request by sending me information that you believe is relevant to the case after confirming that the client has signed a release

Correction for attenuation

Correction of the reduction, caused by low reliability, in the estimated correlation between a test and another measure. The correction for attenuation formula is used to estimate what the correlation would have been if the variables had been perfectly reliable.

Criterion validity

Correlating test (predictor) and criterion scores

Autocorrelation

Correlation between measurement of the dependent variable when repeatedly administered to the same subjects (repeated measures design)

Eigen value

Corresponds to particular factors, not between them

HIPAA

Created to set standards for the privacy, use, and dissemination of health care information

Strong interest inventory- occupational scale development method

Criterion keying method, involve comparing the response of individuals employed in specific occupational groups to individuals in a general representative sample

Unfairness

Criterion similar, predictor not

How methods of assessing the impact of Age on IQ can bias results

Cross-sectional studies result in IQ dropping in late adolescence or early adulthood. Subsequent longitudinal and cross sequential studies found these results were due more to methodology

Speech development

Crying, cooing, echolalia (expressive jargon), holophrastic, telegraphic, vocab, grammar, metalinguistic awareness

Who are subject matter experts?

Current or past holders of a position who may be called upon to help identify KSAOs necessary for job performance

A group member accumulates idiosyncrasy credits by: A) acting in a unexpected/spontaneous way b) challenging the group leaders authority, c) acting as self appointed mind guard in group meetings d) consistently adhering to group norms

D

A research participants score on the dependent variable is the amount of minutes it took him to complete a task. When assigning scores to participants, the researcher discovers that three of the 60 participants did not complete the task and she assigns them the maximum amount of time given to participants to work on the task. The best measure of central tendency for the data collected in the study would be which of the following? A) harmonic mean b) arithmetic mean C) mode D) median

D

A woman believes that advertisement on television contain personal messages from her ex-husband who is currently living in another country. Assuming the woman meets the diagnostic criteria for delusional disorder which subtype best fits the nature of her dilution? A) erotomanic be) grandiose C) persecutory D) unspecified

D

An investigator would use split plot ANOVA to analyze the data he has collected for which of the following studies: eight) a study in Pretty good, am going to depth rather than breadth today, I'be only gotten through about 60 test questions but I can make 3 or 4 different flashcards out of each one cause they give the answer rationales, so i think I'm learning a lotwhich participants received only one level of variable a and only one level of variable b B) A study in which participants receive level one variable at a and one level of variable b c)a study in which each participant recived all levels of variable a but in different order d) a study in which each participant recive only one level of variable a but all levels of variable b

D

Cataplexy: A) signals the end of the sleep attack be) involves maintaining the same body position over extended period of time see) is accompanied by a simultaneous loss of consciousness D) is usually triggered by strong emotion

D

Congenital cytomegalovirus CMV is the second most common cause of an Wauchula disability after down syndrome. In addition two cognitive impairments, it is most likely to cause which of the following? A) facial deformities B) heart and lung abnormalities C) genital, urinary, and intestinal abnormalities D) hearing in visual impairments

D

During a family therapy session the therapist tells the eight year old son that he should keep annoying his sister even though makes her mad. The boy says "I don't have to if I don't want to" the boys response is best described as: A) paradox B) double bind C) source derogation D) psychological reactance

D

Grandiosity is not a characteristic symptoms of which of the following disorders and you) bipolar 1 B) narcissistic personality disorder and C) schizo affective disorder and D) schizoid personality disorder or

D

In his well-known study, Rosenhan had several "pseudo patients" admit them selves to mental hospitals with complaints of hallucinations. Which of the following best explains the study? A) central tendency air B) Hawthorne effect C) contrast error D) Halo effect

D

Research found that in terms of job outcomes that compressed work week has the least impact on a) job satisfaction be) satisfaction with work schedule C) supervisor performance ratings D) objective measures of job performance

D

Sedation (drowsiness) is most likely to be a side effect of which of the following antidepressants A) Prozac be) Wellbutrin C) Zoloft D) Pamelor

D

Separation anxiety disorder and adults, symptoms must have a duration of about_or more A) four weeks be) six weeks C) four months D) six months

D

To intervene effectively, A mediator should: A) encourage direct contact between disputants at the beginning of the mediation process be) hold early discussion in an open site that is readily observed and influenced by interested parties C) prioritize relevant issue so they can be settled sequentially in order from most specific to move more general D) introduce new ideas and alternatives for reaching an agreement to the disputants

D

Which of the following information processing strategies is characteristic of the reintegration status of Helms white racial ID dev model? A) suppression of info and ambivalence b) oblivious and denial c) flexibility and complexity d) selective perception and negative out-group distortion

D

Which of the following is true regarding sensory memory? A It has a very limited capacity. B It can hold information for up to 30 seconds. C It is also referred to as primary memory. D It is a representation of external stimuli.

D It is a representation of external stimuli.

100. development to ego identity development? A Anna Freud B Super C Holland D Tiedeman and O'Hara

D Tiedeman and O'Hara

Functional nocturnal enuresis A is associated with some physical medical disorder. B most often occurs during REM sleep and is associated with dreaming. C is not found in children above 12 years of age. D is not associated with any particular stage of sleep.

D is not associated with any particular stage of sleep. If the wetting is associated with a physical cause, then it is not diagnosed as "functional" enuresis. This disorder is not associated with dreaming REM-sleep as one might expect. It actually is not significantly correlated with any particular sleep stage, although it is most likely to occur during the first third of the night. And, while it is less common in older than in younger children, it does exist in older children and adolescents.

Continuing Education Credits (CE Credits) earned through an APA approved sponsor means that the program is: A sanctioned by APA. B endorsed by APA. C approved by APA. D the responsibility of the sponsor.

D the responsibility of the sponsor An organization is approved by the APA to sponsor continuing education programs. The sponsor then becomes responsible for each program. The APA periodically asks for reports from the sponsor, but the specific program is not endorsed, sanctioned, or approved by the APA. Only the overall sponsorship is approved by the APA.

Gould and Gross (1999) found neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons or nerve cells, in all of the following areas, except: A the olfactory system B the hippocampus C the prefrontal region D the striate cortex

D the striate cortex

A person with agnosia is unable to identify a familiar object by sight but does identify it when it is placed in her hand. This is most likely due to A a visual impairment. B visual inattention. C a deficit in iconic memory. D visual "not knowing."

D visual "not knowing." The type of visual agnosia described in this question is referred to as apperceptive agnosia and involves an inability to recognize familiar objects, especially in low-light conditions, when there are many shadows, when objects overlap, etc.

A client is suing her employer for discrimination. You received a subpoena from the employer's attorney requiring you to appear in court and provide information about the client. The client tells you she does not want you to provide the employer with any information about therapy. You should: A) provide the requested information since privilege is waived in the situation B) attend the deposition but only provide information you believe relevant to the case C) refused to attend the deposition without a court order D) ask your attorney to contact the employer's attorney to discuss the situation

D)

According to Gerald Patterson and his colleagues, which of the following is a key contributor to conduct disorder? A) the child's temperament B) bitch out cognitive skills C) the strength of the parent-child attachment D) the parents child-rearing

D)

August, age 5, is in foster care in rolled in a therapeutic nursery. He and his siblings were removed from home after they were found wandering the street asking people for food, their parents for both found with drug problems. While observing him at school, you notice that he and possibly a precious strangers, tends to be overly familiar with people he is just mad, and quickly becomes attached to any adult who pays attention to him. Before assigning a DSM-V diagnosis of_you will want to confirm his symptoms are attributable to_. A) reactive attachment disorder, disinhibited type; developmental delays B) disinhibited social engagement disorder; developmental delaysC) reactive attachment disorder, disinhibited type; early neglect or deprivation D) disinhibited social engagement disorder; early neglect or deprivation

D)

During the first session with a woman who is the victim of spousal abuse, a feminist therapist would most likely: A) help the woman recognize the social and political forces that are keeping her in the abusive relationship be) helpful and identify the ways in which she provokes her husbands anger C) insist that the woman go to a shelter for battered women or other safe place D) help woman identify and rehearse a quote escape plan" to use with her husband becomes abusive

D)

For people with specific phobia, blood injection injury type: A) relaxation techniques are the treatment of choice B) relaxation techniques have good short-term or long-term effects C) relaxation techniques are most effective when they include in vivo exposure to feared stimuli D) relaxation techniques are normally contraindicated

D)

Shortly after school psychologist begins working for a small Vermeil school district, she finds that there are a number of children in the class for students with disabilities who are emotionally disturbed but who appeared average or above average level of intelligence. The county has no classes for emotionally disturbed children, the psychologist should: a) Report the situation immediately to the psychology ethics committee B) report the situation immediately to the teachers standards and practices commission see close parentheses quit if the children are not placed in the regular classroom d) evaluate each student and recommend an appropriate action regardless if available options are present

D)

Sheriff used which of the following to investigate conformity to norm groups? A) visual cliff B) jigsaw classroom C) door in the face technique D) autokinetic effect

D) Autokinetic fact is a perceptual phenomenon in which a stationary point of light moves in a darkened room. Sheriff found that in certain circumstances, research participants conformed to the judgments of Confederates regarding how far the light had moved, even though the light was actually stationary

Abnormalities in which of the following structures have been implicated in ADHD? A) Thalamus B) Hypothalamus C) Reticular activating system D) Caudate Nucleus

D) Caudate Nucleus

A psychologist besides single subject design to assess the impact of an educational interventions designed to increase on task behavior. When conducting her study, the psychologist will Measure the participants on task behavior: a) once at the beginning and once at the end of the study b) once during the baseline phase and once during the treatment phase of the study c) immediately after and several weeks or months after the end of the study d) at regular intervals during the baseline and the treatment phases of the study

D) Single subject research designs share two characteristics: first, each design includes at least one baseline phase and one treatment phase. Second, the dependent variable is measured at regular intervals during each phase

What do the fields of Pharmacokinetics (PK), Pharmacodynamics (PD), and Pharmacometrics (PM) have in common? A) They are all branches of pharmacology and hold some importance in drug development B) They share a common focus, which is the study of the therapeutic uses of drugs C) They are critical for the development of drugs and also provide information about their general clinical and therapeutic use D) They are all branches of pharmacology and play a critical role in drug development

D) They are all branches of pharmacology and play a critical role in drug development

Although the overlap is not perfect, generally speaking "manager" is to increase efficiency and productivity as "leader" is to ________ A) Inspire and evoke desired behaviour in personnel B) create group stability and predictable environment C) achieve group buy-in and organizational performance goals D) achieve organization change and development

D) achieve organization change and development

According to Krumboltz, a person's career path is determined primarily by: a) basic needs and drives B) ego identity development C) the match between his abilities in the requirements of the job D) learning that occurs as a result of interactions with other people

D) krumb = chum, become chummy with others = lightning bolt of leaning 👭🚗 + 📱📕= ⚡️🙋

_____ proposed a social learning theory of career development in which career path is influence by four major factors: genetic endowment; environmental conditions and events; learning experiences; and task approach skills (which include performance expectations, work habits, and emotional responses). A. Zimbardo B. Roe C. Tiedeman D. Krumboltz

D. Krumboltz

______ suggests that people are more prone to aggression and anti-social behavior when they believe they can act anonymously. A. Milgram B. Sherif C. Hovland D. Zimbardo

D. Zimbardo

Symptoms of Mania

DIG FAST D - distractable I - irritable G - grandiose F - flight of ideas A - activity excessive S - sleep minimal T - talkative

Prosopagnosia

Damage to bilateral occipitotemporal area (visual and memory impairment)

FERPA (Buckley)

Deals with the release of educational records

Differences between psychometric and decision theory testing when assessing quality of life

Decision Theory: assess different areas of health, provides a SINGLE SCORE representative of quality of life Psycometric: provides SCORES ON MULTIPLE MEASURES of health

Group polarization

Decisions more extreme in one direction or the other

MMPI - K

Defensiveness - High scores indicative of defensiveness/ deception - May be self-deception - This scale was developed to remove variability in the MMPI by reducing the number of false negatives

Double-Deficit Dyslexia

Deficit in two essential skills, lowest level of reading performance, most severe form of Dyslexia

Damage to temporal lobes

Deficits in episodic more than semantic

In a Rorschach test, form quality indicates:

Degree of congruence between response and reality

Construct Validity

Degree to which a test actually measures what it claims to measure

Content validity

Degree to which the content of the test is representative of the purpose it's supposed to cover.

Which leadership style is most effective for employees who are high in both ability and motivation

Delegating style

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Delusions Herald Schizophrenics Bad News D - delusions H - hallucinations S - speech disorganized B - behaviour disorganized N - negative symptoms

During an experiment, the investigator asked participants about their beliefs regarding the studies purpose and how they were expected to perform. When analyzing the data she finds that participants actual performance is consistent with their beliefs and expectations. It suggests that the studies results may be confounded by:

Demand characteristics

According to Sue and Sue's Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, a person in the CONFORMITY stage would...

Depreciate the self and appreciate the majority

External locus of control and internal locus of responsibility

Depressed person's in learned helplessness internal responsibility is akin to personalization

MMPI - Scale 2

Depression

Beck's "depressive cognitive triad."

Depressogenic schemata, or cognitive distortions, such as overgeneralization, personalization, magnification, arbitrary inference, and selective abstraction

Four D's to win malpractice lawsuit

Dereliction of Duty Directly causing Damage. Damage refers to sufficient harm

Rorschach - DETERMINANTS

Descriptions of texture, colour, movement or interaction between elements

Item analysis

Determine which items will be retained for the final version of the test

Slosson intelligence test

Developed to be a screening test for crystallized intelligence for ages 4 to 65

Berry

Developmental test of visual motor integration used to assess visual motor skills for children ages three through 18

Clouding of consciousness

Diagnostic criterion for delirium

Schizophrenia by industrialized county

Differ in course and outcome

DRO

Different Reinforcement of alternating behaviour: Positive reinforcement at pre-specified intervals UNLESS individual performs target behaviour (similar to negative punishment in that positive reinforcement is removed for target behaviour); operant conditioning; most effective if behaviour is already a part of person's repertoire; helpful for reducing self-reinforcing behaviours (e.g., get to talk to friend on the phone every day unless you bite your nails)

Anorexia (binge-purging) vs. Bulimia (purging)

Differential based on continuation of binging and purging despite weight loss > AN

Presbyopia

Difficulty focusing on objects due to loss of elasticity in the lens of the eye. Near point increases from 4 inches (age 20) to 48 (age 60)

Ethics: intake client had sex with prev therapist

Discuss options with client. Do not breach confidentiality.

Ethics: client now dating your best friend

Discuss with client first

Disjunctive Tasks vs. Conjunctive Tasks

Disjunctive tasks: tasks that require group members to determine a single solution for the entire group. Only the best solution is chosen so the group's performance is evaluated based on the best group member. Disjunctive tasks are also categorized as non-divisible and optimizing (vs. maximizing which would be multiple options). Conjunctive tasks: are tasks requiring all group members to contribute to complete the project. In this type of task the group's performance is determined by the most inferior or weakest group member. Examples include climbing a mountain and eating a meal as a group.

Child neglect and attachment

Disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern

Jacob, age 14, is being seen by the school clinician for repeated angry outbursts at school. He is persistently irritable, constantly argues with adults, has a history of behavioral referrals, and recently change schools after being expelled for threatening a teacher. Jacob is failing out of school, and his parents are thinking of sending him to a wilderness camp where he can get "some sense knocked into him "the most likely DSM 5 diagnosis is which of the following? A) intermittent explosive disorder or B) oppositional defiant disorder or C) bipolar II disorder D) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Hypnosis involves

Dissociation, absorption, suggestibility

As identified by Atkinson, Morton, and Sue's racial/cultural identity development model, a person who has contradictory appreciating and depreciating attitudes toward both his or her own culture and dominant (majority) culture is in which of the following stages? A) resistance B) Dissonance C) conformity D) disintegration

Dissonance

Ethics: Change Ph.D.

Doctoral and postdoctoral training and experience

Huntington's Chorea genetics

Dominant, autosomal (non-sex) disorder (50% of passing on to male or female)

How do avoidant attached babies react to mother leaving and returning?

Don't care in either instance, little contact, avoid

Ethic: attorney requests psy eval of client

Don't release if client does not want them released.

Define Extra Pyramidal Symptoms and provide examples

Drug induced movement disorders. Examples include: dystonia (continuous muscle spasms and contractions), akathisia (muscle restlessness), parkinsonian (rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor), and tariff dyskenesia (irregular jerky movements)

Normal and premature sexual maturation (Precocious puberty)

Due to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

Asian academic success

Due to fear of failure (non-Asian to effort)

Parkinson's

Due to loss in basal ganglia, but substantia nigra specifically

Alzheimer's stage 3

During Stage 3, they may lose the ability to speak and become unable to recognize family, friends, or even themselves. They lose all capacity to care for themselves and have difficulty walking, are incontinent, and are ultimately bedridden and often die of an opportunistic respiratory infection

Beck and development

Dysfunctional schema develop over the course of life experience beginning in childhood

Expectancy theory

E to P; P to O; O's appeal

Most common cause of intellectual disability when it is known?

Early problems with embryonic development (30%)

Hypertensive crisis

Eating foods containing tyramine while taking MAOIs ("cheese effect" excessive buildup of MAO)

Name the associated key figure: Curve of Forgetting

Ebbinghaus

Gardner's theory of intelligence

Eight different intelligences 1. spatial 2. linguistic 3. bodily-kinestetic 4. musical 5. interpersonal 6. intrapersonal 7. naturalistic 8. logical -mathematical

An advantage of risperidone is that it: A) is less likely to produce extrapyramidal side effects than are traditional antipsychotics B) is not associated with weight gain and sexual dysfunction C) does not produce neuroleptic malignant syndrome and D) has a rapid onset of beneficial effects

Eight)

Meta-analysis of research on the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with cranial radiation or chemo therapy have found that:

Either treatment alone is associated with decreased intellectual functioning and lower academic achievement

Who is more likely to experience delirium - elderly men or women?

Elderly men

Depression experience in minorities

Emotional symptoms experienced as physical or spiritual in origin

Legitimate power

Emphasize position of power or authority and the other's obligation to comply "I'm the boss around here and you must do what I say"

Research on the speed accuracy trade-off suggest that, when teaching complex motor skills that require both speed and accuracy for successful performance, the best strategy is to initially: A) emphasize speed over accuracy B) emphasize accuracy over speed C) consistently emphasize speed and accuracy to the same degree d) alternate between emphasizing speed and accuracy

Emphasize speed over accuracy

Teaching complex motor skills needing speed and accuracy

Emphasize speed over accuracy first

Perry and Busey (1984)

Emphasize the role of parental rejection and the use of power assertive discipline as leading to aggression.

Expert power

Emphasizes superior knowledge or expertise "you'll do what I say because I know what's best for you"

Mcgregor: theory x

Employees have an inherent ldisike of work and will avoid it when they can

Selegiline

Emsam is a transdermal formulation of selegiline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant

APA ethical standard

Enforceable

Research on working women suggest that combining work and family roles is most associated with:

Enhance self-esteem

In training, providing i"dentical elements" is most useful for: a) maximize over learning B) reducing the probability of proactive and retroactive interference C) ensuring transfer of training D) providing opportunities for active practice

Ensuring transfer of training

Recent research using brain imaging techniques has found that significant after fee in the____distinguishes people with Alzheimer's dementia from healthy peers

Entorhinal cortex

Bipolar and environmental factors

Environmental factors are likely to have a greater impact during the early stages of the disorder.

Immigrant children in bilingual ed programs

Equally proficient in English than english-only children

A third-grade teacher puts a student in the timeout chair for 15 minutes when he is disruptive. After 10 minutes in timeout, the boy tells the teacher that he is sorry, that he knows what he did wrong, and that he won't bother the other children again. The teacher lets him rejoining the other students in the classroom. Three days later the boy again disturbs the other students and the teacher sends him to the timeout chair for 15 minutes. This time, the boy he apologizes and promises he won't miss behave again after only eight minutes. The teacher again that's the boy rejoin the classmates. In the situation, the boys expression of remorse is being controlled by which of the following?

Escape conditioning

The least squares criterion is used to: Estimate Shrinkage, predict true scores from obtained scores, identify the line of best fit in a regression, isolate latent trait in a factor analysis

Estimate shrinkage, used to locate the regression line in a scatterplot so that the amount of air in the prediction is minimized when using the repression line or a equation to predict criterion scores

Which of the following measures of "effect size" ( the magnitude of the treatment effect) indicate the amount of variability in an outcome measure accounted for by the effects of treatment? A) eta squared B) cohen's d c) alpha D) F- ratio

Eta squared

Ethics: Treatment and evaluation

Ethical to do both, but minimize negative effects

Glasgow coma scale

Evaluate the level of consciousness through Eye, verbal and motor responses after head trauma

Protocol Analysis

Examination of thoughts reported to occur while performing a task that are spoken aloud and recorded in order to understand cognitive processes; participant is asked to remain focused on ONE subject

Event Coding

Examination of what occurs before thoughts that occur while perform a task

AAI Autonomous category

Examinees that supply coherent descriptions of their childhood relationships categorized as autonomous

Object relation family therapy

Examining f transferences and projection between family members

Normalize clients problem, instill a sense of hope (Sue and Zane)

Examples of giving

Harry Stack Sullivan's interpersonal approach to psychiatry identifies____as the primary cause of psychopathology

Excessive anxiety

Cleary Model of unfairness

Exhibited by different regression line slopes

Mediator variable

Explain why is a relationship between predictor and criterion. (Look for relationship between DV and IV go close to 0.0)

Ethics: Client gives gift

Explore first Accepting is unethical, but not illegal

In terms of interpersonal relationships, a person with schizotypal personality disorder is most likely:

Express some unhappiness about a lack of relationships but act in ways that suggest a lack of interest in intimate contacts

Concurrent validity

Extent of correlation between selection and performance scores, when measured at the same time.

Incremental validity

Extent to which a test contributes information beyond other, more easily collected, measures. Associated with concurrent validity.

sociopath NEO traits

Extraversion

Big Five stable traits

Extraversion most, neuroticism least

MMPI-2 F

Faking bad, if over 90, completely invalid

Hypnagogic

Falling asleep

Content validity is used to obtain information about in examinees:

Familiarity with a particular content or behavior domain (most associated with achievement tests that measure knowledge of one or more content domains or a well defined behavior domain)

Yallom potentiall curative

Family reenactment, catarsis, group cohesiveness

Child abuse characteristics

Female, married, abused as a child; not more likely to be depressed

Gender and anxiety

Females have more general anxiety than males

Delayed recall of specific events

First evident at 13 months of age

Personnel psychologist

Fitting the worker to the job (e.g., hiring better people)

Theme-interference problems

Fixed via consultee-centered case consultation

Organizational medical vs. process consultant

Fixer verus helping them solve their own problems

Morphine withdrawal

Flu-like symptoms

Horn and cattell define intellectual ability as consisting of:

Fluid and crystallized intelligenc

Premature ejaculation treatment

Fluoxetine/prozac

Most effective treatment for PTSD

Foa compared prolonged exposure, stress inoculation training, combined prolonged exposure and stress inoculation training, and a waiting list control group. PE was the strongest

Optimize inner city teacher

Focus on increasing expectancy

Criticism of anger management training

Focus on the individual

Base rate fallacy

Focuses on a specific case rather than general information (base rate) when reaching a conclusion are making a judgment

For a diagnosis of enuresis, bed wetting has to occur at least __x per week for __ months and child must be at least age __ years

For a diagnosis of enuresis, bed wetting has to occur at least 2x per week for 3 months and child must be at least age 5 years

Lewis' field theory

Formula: behavior equals the function of the person and The environment B = f(P,E) Personal characteristics such as hereditary, personality, health and the characteristics of the persons social environment

EE and relapse

Found in Schizophrenia, eating disorders, and mood disorders.

Berkowitz frustration aggression hypothesis

Found that frustration may lead to aggression, especially in the presence of aggressive

Zimbardo deindividuation study

Found that people are willing to act in antisocial ways when they can do so anonymously

MMPI - F scale

Frequency - High scores indicate a high number of infrequently endorsed items were endorsed - High scores are indicative of malingering - Faking bad scale

Research on constructive memory has linked false recollection to lesions in the:

Frontal Lobe

Stanford Binet fsiq mean and sd, and subtlest mean and sd

Fsiq- mean: 100, sd: 15, subtest- mean: 10, sd: 3

Suprachiasmic nucleus (SNA)

Functions as circadian clock. Sends command to pineal to drop melatonin

Not correlated with Tourette's

GAD

Client-centered case consultation

Gathers information about the client and then makes recommendations to the consultee regarding a treatment plan or course of action

Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory of gender concept development

Gender identity (age 3) label gender Gender stability (age 4) stays same through life Gender constancy (age 5-7) same even with alterations

Self-esteem, biological sex, gender role

Gender-role identity to have a greater impact than biological sex on self-esteem in children and that androgyny (both masculine and feminine preferences and characteristics) is associated with the highest levels of self-esteem in both boys and girls

Define The Hawthorne Effect

General change in behaviour as a result of knowing you are in an experiment regardless of what condition you are in

Strong interest inventory scales

General occupational, basic interest, occupational, personal style

Ethics: Delirium patient

General principles of addressing an episode of Delirium include providing environmental support (e.g., staying to help them stay calm), manipulating the patient's environment in order to reduce confusion and disorientation, and giving medication if the patient is agitated, psychotic, or has insomnia Not all delirium requires medication, never leave such patients alone.

Regarding skeletal age and gender:

Girls are ahead of boys in their skeletal age, which explains why girls reach their full height before boys do

Biodata and interview

Give less credence to interview if before biodata unfavorable, but give more credence to interview if before biodata is favorable

Informing children about cancer

Give them diagnostic, prognostic and treatment information

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in both long-term potentiation and the "excitotoxcity" that is believed to underlie several neurodegenerative disorders? A) serotonin B) acetylcholine C) norepinephrine D) glutamate

Glutamate

Client-therapist matching of ethnicity

Good predictor of length

Client therapist matching

Good predictor of treatment length, NOT outcome

Three criteria of Naturalistic Inquiry

Goodness Authenticity Trustworthiness

Kuhlman Anderson test

Group intelligence test for children grades K through 12

Conjunctive task

Group members act in unison which means that the group project is limited by the performance of the weakest member

Additive task

Group product is this some of the contributions of each member

Disjunctive task

Group selects the best solution from those proposed by individual group members

Compensatory task

Groups performance is the average of the effort or performance of the individual members

Reliability influence

Guessing decreases the coefficient

Hofstede's theory of culture in US

H on individualism, low on power distance, moderate to high on masculinity, moderate on uncertainty avoidance

Most commonly used neuropsych battery

Haltsead-Reitan

Piaget "spontaneous liars"

Harmless until about 7-8, when becomes more intentional

When using empirical criterion keying to construct a structural personality test items included in the test are those that:

Have been found to accurately distinguish between people who do and do not possess the traits measured by a particular scale

If scores on two tests are correlated, multiplying each score in one set of test scores by five will ____ the magnitude of the Pearson r

Have no effect on

In a study group conflict among boys at a boys camp, researchers attempt to identify effective methods for reducing conflicts between groups. Results of the study demonstrate that conflict between groups is best alleviated by which technique:

Having group members work toward a common goal

Job satisfaction is an accurate predictor of: job performance, job performance and health, health but not job performance, neither health and her job performance

Health but not job performance

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 applies to

Health care providers who transmit information electronically

Leading causes of death

Heart Disease, then, cancer, then stroke (suicide is 8th)

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Herpes virus; Causes MR and visual and hearing impairments. Adults can be asymptom or mild sx

Heteronomous morality vs. Autonomous morality

Heteronomous morality: Rules are absolute and unchangeable, punishment should fit actions regardless of the intention behind the actions (ages 4 - 7, with pre-operational) Autonomous morality: Rules are determined by people and can be altered, intentions of the actor most important aspect in deciding punishment (ages 7 - 11, concrete operational)

Big Five and antisocial PD

High N (emotional stability), Low A and Low C

Moderators of cohesive group productivity

High management support increases Management hostility decreases

How would transmit important information about the risk of a disease/condition to a high risk vs. low risk group?

High risk - provide knowledge Low risk - make not engaging in risky behaviour the group norm

In general, a communicator of persuasive message or produce the greatest amount of attitude changed in a listener when the communicator is_in credibility and the discrepancy between the listeners initial position and the position advocated by the communicator is__ (options: high moderate, low)

High; moderate

IQ discrepancy and mental illness

Higher verbal IQ than performance suggests depression

Smoking cessation

Highest correlation with level of dependence

Organizational commitment

Highest correlation with turnover, then satisfaction

SDy

Highest valued for the standard error of the estimate.

Sue and Sue 1991 therapy dropout

Highest with African Americans, lowest in Asian Americans

Sex later in life

Highly related to availability of partners, and then previous sex history

The physiological phenomenon referred to as a long-term potentiation takes place in the:

Hippocampus

Threat to internal validity

History

Hopelessness theory of depression

Hopelessness is a proximal sufficient cause of depression

Standard Error of Measurement

How accurately an obtained score on a test estimates someone's true score on that test, if a true score were ever possible to obtain

Standard Error of the Mean

How closely our sample mean approximates the population mean

Rorschach - DEVELOPMENTAL QUALITY

How well a person integrates different aspects of the inkblot

Rorschach - FORM QUALITY

How well a person's answers fit with the specific features of the inkblot

Hertzberg two-factor

Hygiene factors (clean body with cash to clean off the dissatisfaction of your acts) Motivators (being responsible satisfies your mother)

Resembles symptoms of generalized anxiety or hypomania

Hyperthyroidism

Best intervention for back pain

Hypnosis over PMR (would increase pain)

MMPI - Scale 1

Hypochondriasis

MMPI - Scale 9

Hypomania

Tend-and-befriend response

Hypothesized to be typical for females; stressors prompt females to protect their offspring and join social groups to reduce vulnerability

MMPI - Scale 3

Hysteria

Bipolar I vs Bipolar II

II MDE and hypomanic WITHOUT Manic or Mixed

Dysthymia Treatment

IPT and CBT are both effective, although not quite as effective as they are for Major Depression

When cluster sampling, you:

Identify and then randomly select naturally occurring groups of participants from the populaion

Three stages of Identity Process Theory in young adulthood (in order)

Identity ASSIMILATION Identity ACCOMMODATION Identity BALANCE

Marcia's four identity achievement

Identity achievement signifies that the adolescent has surmounted the crisis and made a commitment. (last step of DFMA)

Single subject design

Idiographic

Ethics: Marital therapy

If one side wants you to do individual too, refer them for an individual therapist

Latin square design

If the number of participants is too small to permit the use of a completely counterbalanced research design; This design is useful for determining what exact sequences of treatment will be administered to the different participant groups

And African-American adult in which stage of crosses black racial identity development model denigrates all aspects of white culture while idealizing aspects of African-American culture?

Immersion-emersion

Research work-family conflict

Impacts job and life satisfaction for both genders. It effects life satisfaction greater for women than mane (e.g., they have more roles?)

Preventing spousal abuse

Imprisoning the perpetrator

CBT for arthritis

Improved psy functioning. Some cases positive results for joint inflammation and pain intensity

Alzheimer's stage 1

In Stage 1, which lasts 2-4 years, short-term memory loss begins. Patients in this stage frequently complain about forgetting where they placed things.

Alzheimers stage 2

In Stage 2, which lasts 2-10 years, there is further memory impairment (mostly explicit rather than implicit), resulting in retrograde and anterograde amnesia. During this intermediate stage, patients often exhibit restlessness, flat or labile mood, fluent aphasia, and begin having difficulty performing complex tasks, such as balancing a checkbook or going grocery shopping

How many participants should there be in a Latin Square Design?

In a Latin Square Design, the number of participants must be at least equal to the number of treatments

Therapy session # and outcomes

In a few sessions, most impact on sense of helplessness

Principle of mass action

In many types of learning the cerebral cortex acts as a whole

According to Sue and Sue's Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, a person in the INTEGRATIVE AWARENESS stage would...

In the Integrative Awareness stage, the person experiences self-appreciation and selective appreciation of the majority group

According to Sue and Sue's Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, a person in the INTROSPECTION stage would...

In the Introspection stage, the person again experiences conflict and questions the basis of his or her appreciation and depreciation of self and others.

According to Sue and Sue's Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, a person in the RESISTANCE AND IMMERSION stage would experience...

In the Resistance and Immersion stage, the individual appreciates the self and depreciates the majority group

Best tx for Agoraphobia

In-vivo exposure with response prevention

Krumboltz's Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making (SLTCDM)

Includes four types of influences on making career decisions: genetic characteristics and special abilities; environmental conditions and events; learning experiences; performance standards and values

Static group comparison design

Includes two intact groups: one that receives the treatment and one that does not, and involves evaluating the effects of the treatment by comparing the post test scores of the two groups

Cognex and Aricept

Increase ACh levels to treat Alzheimer's

Adding a constant to every score in a distribution of scores will: a) increase the distributions mean B) increase the distance and standard deviation C) increase the distributions mean and standard deviation D) not increase the distributions me or standard deviation

Increase the distributions mean

In organizations, frame of reference training is used to: A) facilitate a job analysis B) improved team productivity C) identify appropriate criteria measures D)increase rater accuracy

Increased rater accuracy

Job enrichment

Increases employee responsibilities.

Tv violence

Increases for males and females

Duration recording observation

Indicates how long the behavior last and is useful for behaviors that have no clear beginning and end

Negative item discrimination index

Indicates that the item was answered correctly by more low-achieving students than by high-achieving students

Coefficient of determination

Indicates the proportion of variability shared by the two variables, or the proportion of variability in one variable that can be accounted for by variability in the other (squared coefficient)

Brofenbrenner's microsystem

Individual's immediate environment (e.g., family and/or classmates)

AAI Dismissing category

Individuals presenting inconsistent and incoherent descriptions of their childhood relationships with parents are categorized as dismissing

AAI Preoccupied category

Individuals who may be preoccupied with a parent and become very confused or angry when describing their childhood relationships with parents are classified as preoccupied.

Individuals who recall memories under hypnosis, compared to non-hypnotized individuals...

Individuals who recall memories under hypnosis, compared to non-hypnotized individuals are MORE CONFIDENT and LESS ACCURATE

Fagan intelligence test (ages, what does it measure)

Infants 3 to 12 months of age, measures selective attention which is presumed to reflect ability to retain information

reciprocal teaching

Influenced by Vygotsky; Teacher and students take turns leading a dialogue.

Moderator variable

Influences the strengths of the relationship between two other variables.

Social Judgment Theory no persuasion

Info falls into latitude of rejection, ego involved (widens rejection range), distorting info via assimilation and contrast (falls into acceptance)

red-green color blindness

Inherited from mothers, carried on chromosome (sex-linked) on X

The results of research conducted at Ohio State University in the 1950s indicated that the behavior of leaders can be times of which of the following dimensions? A) initiating structure and consideration to be) theory X and theory Y C) participative an autocratic D) transformational and transactional

Initiating structure and consideration

Burnout type

Insecure hard workers are more vulnerable

Impatient or smothering and attachment

Insecure/avoidant attachment

Nicotine withdrawal

Insomnia (not hyper), decrease HR, increased appetite, depressed

Horn-Catell intelligence model

Intelligence is composed of: 1) fluid intelligence - ability to solve novel problems, associated with physiological brain structures, peaks in adolescence, declines in old age (due to physiological decline) 2) crystallized intelligence - learned intelligence, acquired knowledge, associated with education and learning, increase throughout life, better in older adulthood (more learning has occurred) Point to remember: Crystallized intelligence develops through the use of fluid intelligence (think crystals formed by liquid). Both predict academic success.

Example of external validity threat

Interaction between selection and treatment (tx may not generalize to the population)

Sue Minority groups

Internal locus of control, external locus of responsibility (the flip is a marginalized person)

An investigators is studying the effects of stress on processing speed. He is trying to eliminate confounds to the experiment so that he can conclude that increased stress causes decreases in processing speed. What type of validity is the investigator trying to establish? Face validity, construct validity, internal validity, external validity

Internal validity

Cross's Black Racial Identity Development Modelindludes 4 stags the last of which is:

Internalization

Objectives-referenced interpretation

Interpreting an examinee's performance in terms of achievement of instructional objectives

Gestalt introjection

Interpreting the values (not beliefs) of the larger society as one's own

The ethic code consists of

Introduction, preamble FIVE GENERAL PRINCIPLES, and SPECIFIC ETHICAL STANDARDS

MMPI - Scale 0

Introversion/Extroversion

Tertiary circular reactions

Involve seeing what occurs when an original action is varied on an external object. This is predominate from 12 to 18 months of age

Pseudobulbar affect

Is a clinical syndrome seen in approximately 10% to 15% of poststroke patients and involves frequent and easily provoked spells of emotion (typically manifested by laughing and crying). Brief fits of crying or laughing occur with appropriate changes in mood in its most common form, however crying or laughing may develop in situations inappropriate to the context in more serious cases

Glutamate

Is a neurotransmitter that is associated with cognitive functions, more specifically learning and memory, correlated with alcohol use

Classical Adlerian psychotherapy

Is a progression through twelve stages. Within each stage, cognitive, affective, and behavioral changes are gradually advanced

BASIC ID

Is an acronym that represents the seven areas of the client's life that are examined in Lazarus's multimodal therapy

Catastrophic reaction

Is seen in about 10% of individuals poststroke and involves a collection of symptoms (e.g., intense desperation and frustration) that is uncharacteristic of the individual's prestroke personality

Lawler's model of facet satisfaction: A) is similar to equity theory and assumes that job satisfaction is affected by comparisons of one's own inputs and outcomes to the inputs and outcomes of others B) is similar to need hierarchy theory and assumes that job satisfaction is related to the fulfillment of one's most prepotent needs C) is similar to two factor Siri and views satisfaction and dissatisfaction as independent factors D) is similar to goalsetting theory proposes that participation in the setting of work objectives is crucial for job satisfaction

Is similar to equity theory and assumes that job satisfaction is affected by comparisons of one's own inputs and outcomes to the inputs and outcomes of others

What effect does adding a behavioral intervention to nicotine replacement therapy have on short- and long-term abstinence?

It has little additional effect in terms of short-term abstinence but does improve long-term abstinence.

Downside of biodata?

It lacks face validity

Sleep Terror Disorder

It usually begins between 4 and 12 years and resolves spontaneously during adolescence

Guttman scale

Items are arranged in an order so that an individual who agrees with a particular item also agrees with items of lower rank-order

Job Analysis vs. Job Evaluation

Job Analysis: Identification of job relevant KSAOs, to help the organization understand tasks, positions, and jobs in the workplace in order to (1) structure training programs, (2) design selection/recruitment and placement procedures, and (3) redesign existing jobs Job Evaluation: Focuses on the value of each job to the organization (not KSAOs), to determine and assign salary levels, determine equal work for equal pay; does not evaluate performance; ; evaluates External Equity and Internal Equity Note: Both Job Analysis and Job Evaluation have an end goal of using information gained to inform selection, placement, training , and other organizational processes. They differ in the WHY - Job Analysis is focused on satisfaction and performance whereas Job Evaluation is focused on monetary value

Most useful for establishing comparable worth: job evaluation, 80% rule, needs assessment, person/employee analysis

Job evaluation

Management development techniques

Job rotation, coaching, mentoring, and even Outward Bound, which fosters trust and cooperation

Difference between job success and job performance

Job success is used in reference to a particular measure or set of measures, whereas job performance is used less specifically to refer to employee activity and motivation

Name the associated key figure: Empiricism (Tabula Rasa)

John Locke

How did Jung view neurosis?

Jung perceived neurosis as an exaggeration of normal emotional expressions - not an illness

Pooled error

Justified when running an Anova and variance is equal ( homogeneity of variance)

Positive punishment

Keep yelling at a kid to keep him quiet, but have to increase the intensity to keep it there

Ataxia vs. apraxia

Lack of coordinated move versus lack of purposeful movement

Differential validity

Largely due to small sample sizes

Principle of equipotentiality

Lashley. If certain parts of the cortex are damaged, other parts may assume the functions of the damaged parts

Transient Tic Disorder

Lasting 4 weeks, but not longer than 12. >12 is Tourette's. < 4 weeks Tic NOS

Alzheimer's vs. Korsakoff's

Latter has memory loss without cog impairments

Compressed work week meta-analysis

Least effect on absenteeism

Depression in older adults

Least likely to result in expressed sadness

Brocca

Left Inferior Frontal area

Why both visual fields are affected when part of the visual cortex is removed

Left and right visual fields converge before entering the occipital lobe

Lateralization and emotion

Left governs positive, right governs negative Damage to right leads to indifference and exaggerated jocularity to jokes

A middle-aged man with brain damage cannot pantomime motor movements when requested to do so but can usually have less trouble performing the same movements when using actual objects. The damage causing this impairment is most likely located in the man's a) left parietal lobe B)right parietal lobe C) left temporal lobe D) right temporal lobe

Left parietal lobe

Aphasia and handedness

Left-handers generally exhibit milder aphasia, and recover more thoroughly and more quickly than right-handers

Ethics: HIV client unsafe sex

Legally required to breach confidentiality in some states and not in others

Ethics: situations legally permit waiver of privilege

Legally-defined exceptions to privilege varies from state to state

Memory and hypnosis

Less accurate, high confidence

In adolescence, sibling relationships usually become:

Less emotionally intense and more distant

An employer wanting to increase creativity of workers should not:

Let them know that their work will be critically evaluated

Used to develop a big five personality traits?

Lexical hypothesis (Factor analysis)-predicts that all socially relevant treats have been incorporated into language that is included in the dictionary

MMPI - L scale

Lie - High scores are indicative of faking good - Impression management scale

Post-menopause

Likely to make intercourse uncomfortable, reduced estrogen

Gardener multiple intelligences

Linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, interpersonal, and naturalistic

Somatosensory cortex

Located in postcentral gyrus

Strong interest general occupational games and basic interest scales development method

Logical content message

You want to use several predictors to classify people into one of two groups. Relationship between criterion and predicts violate the assumption of linearity. Consequently the best technique is:

Logistic regression

Ellen Berscheid's Emotion-in-Relationships Model

Long-term relationship partners: underestimate their emotional investment in the relationship when things are running smoothly (less intense emotions)

Acetylcholine and Dopamine in Parkinsons

Loss of dopamine results in excess acetylcholine

According to behavioral theory, depression is generally considered to result from:

Loss of rewards over a long time (prolonged extinction)

Predictors of HIV progression and prognosis

Low intellectual functioning, older age and somatic symptoms of depression

Prevalence of mental disorders in people over 65

Lower than any other group

Methods of interpretation for the Kaufman assessment battery for children (kabc Ii)

Luria's neuropsychological model or CHC theory of cognitive abilities

MAOI vs. TCA

MAOI best for atypical TCA for vegetative symptoms

Disorder with highest completed suicide

MDE, recurrent, w/psychotic features (5x higher)

Child sex abusers

Majority admit their behavior but minimize the harmful effects on or blame the child

Troiden

Males "come out" as a homosexual at a younger age than females

Family structure and suicide

Males and females from single-parent families have a higher suicide rate than those from dual-parent families

Sex bias and writing

Males and females rate males as higher

Manager vs. Leader

Managers have more legitimate formal power, value "stability, order, and efficiency," depend on goal-setting, action plans, resource allocation, staffing, etc. Overall, managers are concerned with performance. Leaders are the people in a group that are given the responsibility of directing and motivating others, value "flexibility, innovation, and adaptation," primarily concerned with motivating and supporting subordinates.

SSRI discontinuation syndrome

Manifests as disequilibrium, flulike symptoms, and sleep or sensory disturbances within 24 to 72 hours after use of the antidepressant is stopped; The symptoms occur most often with paroxetine (Paxil) and fluvoxamine, which have a short half-life and no active metabolites, and less often with fluoxetine (Prozac) due to its long half-life

MMPI - Scale 5

Masculine/Feminine

State dependence

Maximised when we are in the same emotional state

SDx

Maximum value of the standard error of measurament.

SSRI side effect

May initially worsen sleep and anxiety symptoms

Psychologist ask as both a consultant to the court and a fact witness for the defense in a criminal case. This:

Maybe acceptable as long as the psychologist clarifies her rules with the court and the defense

100 item true/false test is administered to 50 participants. Mean is 60, SD is 8. If each score is corrected using a correcting for guessing formula that involves subtracting points from examinees scores,'the result can be expected to be:

Mean of new distribution will be lower and SD will be higher

Cognitive assessment system (CAS)

Measure of basic cognitive processes central to learning, based on the PASS model of intelligence that distinguishes between four cognitive functions identified by Luria: planning, attention, simultaneous processing, and sequential processing

Global deterioration scale

Measure of cognitive functioning that is useful for assessing Alzheimer's dementia and other types of primary degenerative dementia

Peabody picture vocabulary test (ppvt)

Measure of receptive vocabulary that provides a non-verbal estimate of intelligence

SPECT

Measures blood flow in the brain using a color scale (remember spectrum)

Vineland

Measures competences (can he do it), not abilities)

Illinois test of psycholinguistic abilities (what does it measure and what theory/ model was it based on)

Measures linguistic Ability, based on osgood's model of communication which distinguishes between channels of communication, psycholinguistic processes, and levels of organization

Trail making test

Measures motor speed, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility

Split plot ANOVA

Measuring something several times like students at the beginning, middle, and end of school year.

Buprenorphine (Subutex/Suboxone)

Medication for doctors not in methadone clinics to treat opioid dependence

Self-directed work teams

Members are generalists, determine their own goals, plan their own work processes, higher own replacements.

Menopause longitudinal research

Menopause does not have any effect on long-term psychological functioning.

Luria's information processing model focuses on...

Mental processes rather than acquired knowledge

Unilateral, throbbing pain

Migraine headache

First signs of AIDS-related dementia

Mild Memory loss for recent events (not apathy-HIV)

Opiates

Mimic NT transmission

Identify development and ethnicity

Minorities more likely in foreclosure (commitment to one's identity without much exploration of what that means).

One-third of the entrants into the work force

Minority group members

Name the associated key figure: TRIANGULATION

Minuchin

Illusion

Misperception of a real stimulus

MH utilization rates by minority groups

Mixed. Over by AA, under by rest, all less than white

Taylor- Russell tables: decision making accuracy selection test with a low to moderate validity coefficient is greatest when base rate is_and selection ratio is_

Moderate and low (.50 & .10)

Parenting style and academic achievement research

Moderated by race. Authoritative parenting applies less to African American than to White, Asian, Hispanics (for AA it's peers)

Super's vocational maturity

The degree to which a person's progress in this sequence is appropriate given the person's chronological age

Mean square within

The degree to which subjects within the same experimental group differ from each other. Larger MSW, lower F (MSW is the denom)

The deviation IQ has a mean of __ and a standard deviation of __ or __

The deviation IQ has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 or 16 (15 - Wechsler, 16 - Stanford-Binet)

In order to assess whether a test was cultural bias, one would need to examine...

The difference in the validity coefficients between majority and minority test takers

Standard Error of Estimate

The error inherent in the best fit regression line

Construct validity is used to determine:

The extent to which an examinee possesses a particular hypothetical trait

Credentialing

The formal process for determining if a provider meets and maintains the standards of qualification, as well as providing some legal protection for the managed care organization

REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder

The hallmark of REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder is incomplete muscle paralysis during REM sleep. As a result of incomplete paralysis, the individual may move about freely while still in a sleep state often acting out dreams in a way that may be dangerous

The flynn effect refers to:

The increases an average IQ over the last century

What is the Law of Effect?

The law of effects states that... Pleasant consequences increase likelihood of behaviour occurring again and unpleasant consequences decrease the likelihood of the behaviour occurring again NB: Later Thorndike dropped the part of theory involving punishment because he believed that punishment was an unreliable way of changing behaviour

Wernicke's aphasia is caused by damage to...

The left temporal lobe

Most to least effective smoking cessation treatments

The mean quit rate (based on short-term and long-term rates) for hypnosis = .36; acupuncture = .30; aversive techniques = .27; nicotine gum = .16; and control group = .06.

Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT)

The most frequently used scale to measure orientation assesses temporal orientation primarily, was developed to serially evaluate cognition during the subacute stage of recovery from closed head injury

Research comparing day, swing, and night shifts found that:

The night shift has the most detrimental impact on health and maybe similar to the swingshift in terms of negative consequences for social relations

Define the Flynn Effect

The noticeable increase in average test scores for an entire population across successive generations (i.e., each generation scores higher than the one before it)

Beta

The probability of making a Type II error, or of retaining a false null hypothesis. In plain language, it is the probability of failing to detect a true effect

The coefficient of determination indicates...

The proportion of variability in one variable that is accounted for by variability in another variable. Remember: it is r squared

A "communality" is best described as: a) the proportion of variance accounted for by a single factor and multiple variables B) the proportion of variance accounted for by multiple factors in the single variable C) the proportion of variance accounted for by multiple factors in multiple variables D) the total proportion of variance in a set of variables that is attributable to error

The proportion of variance accounted for by multiple factors in the single variable

Deciding when to prescribe tricyclic antidepressant

The risk of suicide in depressed patients must always be considered by physicians when writing prescriptions -- particularly for potentially dangerous drugs such as tricyclics

Informational conformity is most likely to occur when...

The situation is ambiguous

Where neurogensis does not occur

The striate cortex

Kohlberg moral reasoning and moral behavior

The strongest relation between moral reasoning and action is at the higher stages

The Zeigarnik Effect

The tendency for people to be better at remembering uncompleted tasks than completed tasks; reflects the beneficial effects of covert rehearsal on long-term memory

Zeigarnik effext

The tendency to her car and completed tasks better than completed tasks, he was a student of Lewin and propose that it is easier to recall uncompleted tasks because they create the state of "psychic tension"

False consensus bias

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others agree with us

Griggs versus Duke Power (1971)

The use of selection tests in industry has been influenced by the case of Griggs versus the Duke Power Company, in which it was ruled that certain tests, such as the Wonderlic, were unfair to use in making decisions about hiring and promotion. Broad, general testing was faulted, and testing was required to measure the specific skills required by a particular job

The vast majority of cases of Parkinson's disease develop after age __; most cases are the result of environmental factors, not genetics

The vast majority of cases of Parkinson's disease develop after age 65 (85%); mot cases are the result of environmental factors, not genetics

Ethics: Treating minorities

Therapists should remember that culture and ethnicity are significantly related to therapeutic issues

Psychodrama (Moreno)

There are three distinct components of group interaction in a classically structured psychodrama session: the warm-up (group theme identified by protagonist), the action and the sharing phases

Linguistic Relativity suggests that...

There is a relationship between language and thought

What is the maximum amount of time a psychologist can store client records?

There is no maximum time, only a minimum time (7 years after termination or 3 years after a client turns 18 and treatment has ended, whichever is longer)

Ethics: multiple relationships

There is no stipulation that multiple relationships should generally be avoided

Therapy dosage effects

They found that 15% of patients improve between intake and the first session (presumably due to spontaneous remission and the ameliorative effects of having sought treatment), 50% improve after eight sessions, and 75% improve after 26 sessions.

Name the associated key figure: Law of Effect

Thorndike (cats in a puzzle box, instrumental learning)

client has intrusive and obsessive thoughts about swearing. Which technique of the most useful for alleviating the client problem?

Thought stopping

Thorndike's theory of intelligence

Three CLUSTERS of intelligence 1. social 2. concrete 3. abstract

Sternberg's description of intelligence

Three general components: analytical, creative and practical

Personal and Common reality

Tiedeman and Tiedeman's expansion of the O'Hare Decision Making Model

Autocorrelation would be most likely to be a problem when an investigator uses which research design? A) between group B) Latin square C) Solomon 4 group D) time series

Time series, it involves non-independent observation i.e., and involves measuring the same people repeatedly before and after the intervention... Auto correlation is a problem whenever not independent

Needs Assessment

To assess training needs

What is the main purpose of theme interference reduction in "theme interference"?

To increase the range of possibilities the consultee considers for her client

What is the main purpose of unlinking in "theme interference"?

To make the consulate aware of life experiences that may be hindering objectivity in understanding her client

Substance dependence 3 criteria

Tolerance; Withdrawal; Substance use in larger amounts or over a longer period of time than was intended (legal is related to abuse)

Name the associated key figure: Latent Learning/ Incidental Learning

Tolman

Structural family therapy entails three overlapping steps or stages. Which of the following techniques are most useful during the first step? A) reframing and relabeling B) tracking and mimesis C) constructing a family map D) enactment

Tracking and mimesis

Harold and Thorazine

Traditional Neuroleptics. Better to treat positive symptoms of Schizophrenia.

Latent class versus latent trait analysis

Trait has continuous structure (think item response theory); class has nominal (groups or subtypes

Parkinson's blocking medications

Treated by blocking acetylcholine. Low dopamine leads to excess ACh

To determine if there is a statistically significant pattern in the effect of time and memory for a list of nonsense syllables, you have subjects memorize the list of 15 syllables and then test their memory at 15 minute intervals for the next two hours. The best technique for analyzing the data you have collected is: a) multiple regression b) factorial ANOVA C) orthogonal Analysis D) trend analysis

Trend analysis

Bowen terms

Triangulation (a means of reducing tension and conflict between two family members who refocus their attention on the triangulated member) Emotional divorce

Sternberg's theory of intelligence

Triarchic theory: three different ASPECTS of intelligence 1. analytic 2. practical 3. creative

Factorial design always includes two or more dependent variables or two or more independent variables?

Two or more independent variables

Reciprocal liking is most likely to occur if...

Two people like each other right away

To construct a 95% confidence interval for a test-taker's true score ___ should be added to and subtracted from the test-taker's obtained test score

Two standard errors of measurement (z-scores +/- 2 with alpha = .05)

Hertzberg

Two-factor theory: hygiene factors and motivators (intrinsic to work; job content). Motivators = satisfaction if present

Type I vs. Type II Error

Type I Error: Claiming there is an effect when there is NOT one/ it is due to chance only (i.e., failing to reject the null when you should not) Type II Error: Saying there is no effect/ the effect is due to chance when there is a real effect (i.e., accepting the null when you should have rejected it)

Etiology of vaginismus

Typically preceded by sexual trauma

Social comparison theory is most likely to predict behaviour in which type of situations?

Uncertain or unclear situations

Hofstede's theory of culture

Uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, long-term orientation, power distance

The only time a client is able to see you is during her lunch hour, which requires her session to be limited to 30 minutes because of the distance she must travel to get to your office. When you bill her insurance company, however, you bill for the entire hour this is:

Unethical

Ethics: Waiving co-pay for low income clients

Unethical because insurance company ends up paying full fee instead of part

An intern at a large friend decides to work at another agency and makes appointments to see several of the clinics clients at her new place of employment. Her actions are:

Unethical because the clients are already receiving services from the previous clinic

Predicting turnover

Use an interview

Reduce leniency bias

Use forced-choice (between equally + or _ statements)

Increase inter-rater reliability

Use mutually exclusive and exhaustive rating categories

Line of best fit

Use when weighing variables in a multiple regression equation.

Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal- wallis test

Used to analyze rank ordered data from two independent groups

Solomon Four Group Design

Used to control effect of testing -practice effect.

Incoherent latency observation recording

Used to determine how long it takes for a behavior to begin after a specific event has occurred (ie after a verbal command and request has been made)

Phenelizine

Used to trait Bipolar. It's an MAOI antidepressant

Dexedrine

Used to treat ADHD

Phi coefficiebt

Used when BOTH variables are true dichotomous

Job Characteristic Assessment

Used when a company wishes to enhance satisfaction and motivation (i.e., enrich jobs). Outcomes: increased motivation, decreased absenteeism, and decreased turnover. No impact on work quality.

Rancho Los Amigos scale

Used when admitted to rehabilitation. Lowest scores are more unresponsive during brain injury recovery

Pearson r

Used when both variables are continuous or measured on an interval or ratio scale

Spearman rho

Used when both variables are measured in terms of ranks (general spearman rho)

Interval observation recording

Useful for behaviors that have no clear beginning or end and involves recording whether or not the behavior occurred over time

Event recording observation

Useful for behaviors that occur infrequently have a long duration, and/or leave a permanent record or other product

Latin square design

Uses many subjects who are all administered all levels of an independent variable, but the order of administration varies between subjects or subgroups of subjects

Motivation for power and attention

Via Alderian therapy. The power to belong is channeled through mistaken goals of power, attention, inadequacy or revenge

Piaget's autonomous stage

Views rules as more arbitrary and changeable by consensus

The James Lange theory of emotions emphasizes the role of colon

Visceral and muscular reaction

Important characteristics of leaders

Visionary, creative, flexible, inspiring, courageous, and independent

Most resistant to injury

Vocabulary, Information, and Picture Completion

Binet vs. Wais

WAIS underestimates high scores, overestimates low scores

Name the associated key figure: Little Albert Study

Watson

Coercive power

When an individual influences the behavior of others to the control of punishments "if you don't do what I say I'll have to stay in your room all weekend"

What is a divorce hangover?

When people have difficulty forming new relationships following a divorce

Crowding and distraction

When watching something boring, more effected.

Circular reactions

Wherein a child learns to do something that produces an interesting or pleasurable experience which originally had happened by chance

High rates of suicide

White, males, middle SES

Child with reading disorder

Will continue to have that disability as an adult

Increase sample size

Will slightly increase correlation coefficient due to increased validity

Brainstorming

With groups, fewer and of lower quality solutions

Privilege court ordered treatment

With the client; if it was an assessment, then with the court.

Studies looking at the impact of gender on reactions to crowding have found that:

Women cope with crowding better in the lab settings button then cope with crowding better in residential settings

Gender by Leadership Style

Women more participatory, men more autocratic

OCB contextual performance

Work behavior that affects organizational performance less directly than the task-related behavior typically construed as "performance"; Element of Organ's organizational citizenship behavior

Nancy Boyd-Franklin recommends

Working with AA families' micro(eco) system

Engineering psychologist

Works with the job elements and designs the most productive environment for the worker hired.

Alzheimers and WAIS-III

Worse on Performance (PO and PS)

Ethics: Billing by diagnosis

Write a request to the insurance company providing a clinical rationale for treating both and bill accordingly Bill for the stated service.

Non-associative learning

You are not making any association between two stimuli or events (i.e., not classical or operant as classical conditioning involves making an association between a CS and US to form a CR and operant conditioning involves making an association between a behaviour and reinforcement or punishment). Non-associative learning has more to do with attention. Types of non-associative learning: Habituation and sensitization.

Cognitive affects of chemotherapy and radiation on children with cancer

Younger children are at greater risk for more problems and more severe problems than are older children. Girls greater risk of cog. problems

Implosive therapy

a client is immediately exposed, through the imagination, to a feared stimulus at its maximum intensity

Interview research finding

a good interview cannot make up for a bad history, but a good history can be supported or canceled out by the results of the interview

Prochaska Contemplation

a person begins to recognize the benefits of change and, although somewhat ambivalent, plans to change within the next 6 months

Social Judgment Theory

a person categorizes new information or positions into one of three zones or latitudes: latitude of acceptance, latitude of non-commitment, and latitude of rejection

Social Judgment Theory

a person categorizes new information or positions into one of three zones or latitudes: latitude of acceptance, latitude of non-commitment, and latitude of rejection (range for A to N to R)

Prochaska Preparation

a person has decided to take action within the next 30 days and may have already begun to take small steps towards change

Eric Berne

a person's life plan a script, and espoused that it reflected the person's characteristic pattern of giving and receiving strokes

multiple baseline

a single-subject design in which an independent variable is sequentially administered across two or more subjects, behaviors, or settings (i.e., across "baselines"). The multiple baseline design has the advantage of not having to withdraw the treatment

Validity v. Reliability

a test's validity coefficient can never be higher than the square root of its reliability coefficient

Neurolinguistic programming (NLP)

a therapist's ability to communicate effectively with a client will be influenced by his or her ability to identify and then work with the client's preferred sensory mode (e.g., reflecting posture to match client's)

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)

a transition stage between the cognitive changes of normal aging and the more serious problems caused by Alzheimer's disease

The cocktail-party phenomenon

ability to unconsciously monitor the contents of one conversation while consciously focusing on another

Secondary circular reactions

actions involving an other person or object and are predominate from 4 to 8 months of age

Binocular vision develops...

after 3 months

MMPI-A

ages 14-18, recommended for high schoolers

Briquet's syndrome

aka Somatization Disorder. Named after 1850's physician

Reciprocal inhibition

aka counterconditioning or systematic desensitization

Conger's (1956) tension-reduction hypothesis

alcohol consumption reduces stress, which reinforces alcohol use, resulting in a greater likelihood of alcohol consumption in times of stress

Substances with withdrawal involving hallucinations

alcohol, and the category of sedatives, hypnotics (barbituates-Phenobarbital), and anxiolytics

Flextime

allows employees to make their own schedules. Associated with increased satisfaction, better attitudes, and less stress

OCB two dimensions

altruism (b.), defined as behaviors directed toward a specific person such as helping co-workers with work-related tasks; generalized compliance (d.), defined as behaviors representative of what a "good worker" should do, such as arriving on time and not wasting time while at work

Benzo rebound effect

an increase in severity of anxiety temporarily following the discontinuation of the drug

MANOVA

analyzes the effects of an independent variable on two or more dependent variables

Goal-setting theory and gender

applicable to both males and females whether goals are set participatively or are assigned

Stuart's operant interpersonal therapy

applied operant conditioning and social exchange theory in the context of marital therapy. He encourages couples to focus on positive aspects of each other and to use reciprocal reinforcement or "quid pro quo." He maintained that in successful marriages rewards exceed costs and are built on positive reinforcement, rather than negative reinforcement, punishment, or coercion.

HIPPA

applies to providers who transmit patient information electronically

fetal alcohol effects

are less severe than those associated with FAS but are also largely irreversible

Atrophy of caudate nucleus

associated with Huntington's Disease (caudate is part of the basal ganglia responsible for movement)

Bandura Effectiveness of modeling

attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation

Light therapy for SAD indicated

atypical symptoms such as carbohydrate craving and hypersomnia

Synthetic validity/job component validity

based on previous demonstration of the validity of inferences from scores on the selection procedure or battery with respect to one or more domains of work (job components)

SSRIs antidepressant effect

begins within a few weeks

Overlearning

best for simple tasks (e.g., state capitals)

Stranger anxiety

between 12-24 months

Piaget and underlying cognitive development

biological maturation and environmental stimulation

Type I error

can be viewed as a "false alarm" (null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true)

Training cog. skills for older people

can improve verbal and nonverbal skills to levels comparable to pre-decline levels in 40% of pts. (Seattle Training Study)

Primary circular reactions

center around the baby's own body and involve simple motor actions like thumb sucking

Children's memory for early events

changes as it develops over time, they are updated continually as learning progresses. No more infantile amnesia.

Heteronomous morality

characteristic of preschool children who believe that rules are absolute and unchangeable (Piaget)

Identity foreclosure

characterized by a commitment to an identity (e.g., career) that was defined or suggested by a parent of other significant person (James Marcia)

Opioid Intoxication

characterized by pupillary constriction, drowsiness, and slurred speech

Cluster headaches

characterized by severe pain usually behind one eye and typically last for a few minutes to several hours and reoccur at the same time each day for several weeks, until the cluster period is over

Donald Super is known for his career and vocational model that was a combination of eight life roles. Name these roles.

child, student, lesisurite, citizen, worker, spouse, homemaker, and pensioner

OCD prevalence

childhood and adolescence OCD is more common among males

Mescaline

classified as a hallucinogen. aka Peyote

Implosion therapy

client invisions aversive situations, often implausible or unrealistic, that he or she finds anxiety provoking

OCD drugs

clomipramine, imipramine, as well as the SSRIs

Best way to track Alzheimer's progress

cognitive assessments regularly

Ethnology

comparative study of cultures; traits and principles common to all

item response theory

comparing total test scores of a sample of examinees to the proportion of examinees who answer each item correctly

Kenneth Clark

conducted experiments used in Brown v. Board

basal forebrain

connects with the temporal lobes and is involved in long-term memory

striatum

controls various muscular activities such as walking and balance

Driver decision making styles

decisive, flexible, integrative, systemic, and hierarchic

Seasonal affective disorder

decreased energy, increased sleep, overeating, weight gain, and a craving for carbohydrates.

Overall, working mothers children

demonstrate less rigid sex roles

Earliest signs of Huntington's disease

depression and forgetfulness

Most resilient children have parents who

described as being high in control (demandingness) and high in warmth (responsiveness)

Behavior-based conflict

described as conflict stemming from incompatible behaviors demanded by competing roles

Ethnography

descriptive documentation of a living cultural group

Social inhibition - child personality

detected as early as 2-4 months

Fielder Situational Control

determined by: leader-member relations, task-structure, and leader position power

Tiedeman and O'Hara

differentiation and integration

Ethics: assessment client has poor capacity

discuss the purpose of the assessment to the client; "Psychologists inform persons with questionable capacity to consent ... about the nature and purpose of the proposed assessment services, using language that is reasonably understandable to the person being assessed"

Huntington's genetics

dominant, autosomal disorder. 50% to male or female offspring

Marfan's syndrome and Von Willebrand's disease

dominant, autosomal disorders

Schizophrenia

duration longer than 1 month

opiate withdrawal

dysphoric mood; nausea or vomiting; muscle aches; lacrimation or rhinorrhea (runny eyes and nose); pupillary dilation, pilorerection (gooseflesh), or sweating; diarrhea; yawning; fever; and insomnia

Buprenorphine

e.g., Subutex and Suboxone (think Rueve, can prescribe outside of methadone clinic)

Confluence Model

each succeeding child has less of the family's resources available to him or her

Effective interventions for increasing hand washing

education, continued performance feedback and reminders

Nicotine replacement therapy

effective when combined with support, skills training

African American authority structure

egalitarian

Ethics: Notification HIV/AIDS partner

emphasis on maintaining client confidentiality, not legally imposing duty to protect

Organizational development

entry, contracting, diagnosis, feedback, planning change, intervention, and evaluation

Biofeedback versus relaxation

equally effective for most disorders or conditions

Self-Instructional Therapy, developed by Meichenbaum

especially useful with hyperactive and impulsive children

Biserials

examine correlations among ARTIFICIAL dichotomous variables created from continuous variables

Point biserials

examine correlations among TRUE dichotomous variables

Problems with homosexual identity models

excludes bisexual or transgender, no cross-cultural

Fiedler leaders

favorability based on structure of the task, not ability of employees

Confidentiality after death

files can be released to executor of estate with signed release form

Caffeine Intoxication

flushed face, rambling speech, tachycardia, restlessness, and diuresis

American Psychological Association's learner-centered psychological principles

focus on psychological factors that are primarily internal to and under the control of the learner

Interactional justice

focuses on the interpersonal treatment of individuals when procedures are implemented and consists of two components: interpersonal justice, which refers to the degree to which individuals affected by decisions are treated with dignity, respect and politeness by third parties or authorities involved in executing procedures or determining outcomes, and informational justice, which refers to the s provided to individuals conveying information about why procedures were used in a certain way or why outcomes were distributed in a particular manner.

Object relations

focuses on the role of attachment in personality development

Zscore distribution

follows shape of raw scores

Eysenck's 1952 study on psychotherapy outcome

found that 64% of patients in eclectic therapy and 44% of psychoanalytic patients improved versus a 72% improvement rate for untreated patients

Spearman's theory of intelligence

g- general intelligence s - specific intelligence

Primary symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus

gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, dementia/mental disturbance (affects people over 60 yrs of age)

Gifted versus average children

gifted children are more aware of their cognitive processes and better at choosing and applying cognitive strategies and evaluating the effectiveness of their choice

Tonic-clonic seizures are associated with

greater cognitive impairment than other types of seizures (regardless if cause known or unknown)

Correlation between IQ scores and academic performance

greater in elementary and high school, and smaller in college and graduate school. (restricted range at the top)

tracking

grouping students by ability

Centralized communication networks

have been shown to be more efficient when tasks are mundane and simple

Goal-setting theory research

having employees work as a team with team goals results in higher productivity than having employees work as individuals with individual goals.

Adler STEP (Systematic Training in Effective Parenting)

helps parents structure family life so that children experience natural and logical consequences of both good behavior and misbehavior. These programs also help parents to identify the goals of their children's misbehavior

Type A behavior pattern (TABP)

hostility, aggression, and anger have been found to be the primary risk factors for coronary heart disease

Reliability coefficient

how likely a person will maintain his or her position in the group if an equivalent test is given

transformational leadership 4 compontents

idealized or charisma influence (attributed or behavioral), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration Trust most important moderator

Manifest coding

in content analysis when coding content is based on the face-value rather than looking into the meaning

Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model

includes four levels: reaction, learning, behavior and result; ROI is a 5th added by another author

Increase cultural sensitivity to latino clients

incorporate elements of latino culture, increasing accessibility of MH services, selecting tx that fit latino

Hypoinsulinism produces diabetes mellitus (excessive blood glucose)

increased appetite with weight loss, confusion, mental dullness, and apathy

Hypomanic episode

increased productivity, increased efficiency, and increased creativity

Reduce substance abuse in Native Americans

increasing bicultural competence

Percentage score

indicates the number of items answered correctly

Culture-bound values (Sue)

individualism, cause-effect, emotional expression, openness to intimacy, separate mind-body

Leader characteristics

inspiring, courageous,creative and independent, flexible, visionary

interactional justice

interpersonal and informational justice (infoperson)

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder" (OCPD)

involves a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

Active euthanasia

involves taking specific steps to cause the patient's death, such as injecting the patient with an overdose of pain-killers or sleeping pills

Paraphasias

involves the production of unintended syllables, words, or phrases during the effort to speak When an individual is unable to evoke, retrieve, or recall a particular word then an incorrect word or phrase is substituted for an intended or target word

Passive euthanasia

is a "do not resuscitate order." Another common method of euthanasia, which is also routinely considered passive euthanasia, is withholding food and fluids.

Multiple regression

is a compensatory technique

Cerebral Palsy

is a disorder that results from birth trauma in an otherwise healthy fetus

Ecological fallacy

is a logic error that occurs when trying to prove causation, levels of data are mismatched and statistics are applied at one level to infer to data of another level

Change blindness

is a phenomenon in visual perception in which very large changes occurring in full view in a visual scene are not noticed

Wolpe's classical conditioning perspective, neurotic depression

is a response to anxiety and can, therefore, be alleviated by using systematic desensitization to eliminate the anxiety

Bruner

is associated with discovery learning, which suggests greater learning occurs when individuals engage in situations to question, explore, or experiment for themselves (i.e., information and examples are presented and inductive reasoning is employed until they "discover" the interrelationships)

Wittrock

is associated with the generative learning model, which proposes that learners construct meaning from the connections of previous learning and experience with new knowledge or unfamiliar experiences

Neugarten

is associated with the shift in perspective from "time from birth" to "time to death"

Halstead-Reitan, the Impairment Index

is derived from the number of subtests on which the examinee scored below the criterion score. The higher the Impairment Index, the greater the likelihood of brain damage

Transvestism

is not a DSM-IV term

phenelzine

is not used for the treatment of Bipolar Disorder as it is an MAOI antidepressant

Simultanagnosia

is partial visual agnosia, consisting of the inability to comprehend more than one element of a visual scene at the same time or to integrate the parts as a whole (due to bilateral damage to the bilateral parieto-occipital region )

AVPU Scale

is primarily used after injury occurs or as pre-hospital information. It rates if someone is alert, responds to voice, responds to pain or is unresponsive.

Privileged communication

is the legal term which refers to a patient's right to refuse to have information, disclosed in psychotherapy, released in a legal proceeding

Protocol Analysis

is used to study the cognitive processes that occur during the performance of tasks or solution of problems

Tetrachoric coefficient

is used when both variables are artificially dichotomized

Advantage of clozapine

it's often effective when conventional antipsychotic drugs aren't. Side effect > agranulocytosis (blood disease)

ICC discrimination

it's slope (e.g., the steeper the better)

Migraine headache exacerbation

jarring motions, bending forward, and lifting

Infant depth perception development

kinetic (movements of objects or their body), binocular (2-3 months), and pictorial (7 mos, 3d)

Cross Model encounter stage

leads to an interest in developing an African-American identity and a preference for a therapist of one's own race

Ethics: etherapy client wants privacy

let the man remain anonymous if he wants and provide him with online therapy

A problem with WISC -IV in giftedness in children

low ceiling. Better to use the Stanford Binet.

HIV progression factors

lower IQ, older age and the presence of somatic symptoms of depression

Patient records to be used in legal proceeding

maintain them in the kind and quality consistent with reasonable scrutiny in an adjudicative forum (think AHCH psychological evaluations)

Ethics: solicitation

make sure not from current patients

Rutter predictors of child psychopathology

maternal (not parental) psychopathology, low socioeconomic status, severe marital discord, large family size, parental criminality, and placement of children outside the home

Idiopathic

means of unknown cause (e.g, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome)

associated with the ability to generate mental images

medial temporal lobe (limbic system) contains the hippocampus, amygdala, and other structures

Gender differences in judgments of sexual harassment

men and women are equally as likely to judge a sexually-toned behavior as sexual harassment but only in severe cases. females are more likely than males to rate mild to moderately severe or sexually-ambiguous behaviors as constituting sexual harassment

polythetic

mental disorders are defined by multiple symptoms, and not all listed symptoms are necessary to consider a mental disorder present in a specific individual

Minuchin's structural family therapy

modifying aspects of the family structure (e.g., rules, boundaries, coalitions) giving homework, enactment, making a family map

Psychotherapy outcomes

most influenced by client factors, e.g., diagnoses, motivation for change, distress, etc

Behavioral paradoxical intention

neutralize the anticipatory anxiety that is the real source of the client's problem by engaging in anxiety-arousing behavior as much as possible

Rural mental illness epidemiology

no difference to urban

The Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude

nonverbal measure of intelligence developed specifically for deaf and hearing-impaired children

Percentage score

number of items answered correctly

selection ratio

number of openings per number of applicants

Cryptomnesia

occurs when a person perceives the recovery of information from memory as being an original idea of their own

Theme interference

occurs when a worker displaces past or present personal problems onto a task situation at work (Caplan's model of mental health consultation) aka transference

Retroactive inhibition

occurs when new learning interferes with previous learning

Strain-based conflict

occurs when the strain experienced in one role domain interferes with effective performance of role behaviors in the other domain

Rancho Los Amigos Scale

often administered in acute rehabilitative settings following release from intensive care and evaluates eight levels of functioning. Higher scores indicate better functioning.

associated with higher levels of sexual prejudice

older age is predictive of higher levels of sexual prejudice along with high levels of authoritarianism (c.), fundamentalist religious views (d.) and male gender, especially toward gays

Divorce by age

older children are better able to understand what is happening during a divorce than younger children. As a result, they exhibit fewer negative effects at the time of the divorce itself (but they have delayed effects)

Klinefelter's Syndrome

only affects males and is caused by an extra X chromosome (XXY). Males with this disorder have typical masculine interests in childhood and develop a normal male identity, but they show an incomplete development of secondary sex characteristics and are often sterile

Stuttering onset

onset is commonly around the age of 5 (peak), but frequently after the age of 10 (98%)

Probands

or index cases, are the individuals who are first brought to the attention of the researcher - i.e., individuals manifesting the characteristic of interest or disease

Howard et al.'s (1993) phase model of psychotherapy change

outlines a progressive, 3-stage sequence of change: Remoralization, remediation, and rehabilitation

OCD brain treatment

overactivity in Caudate nucleus (similar to ADHD)

Respondent conditioning

pairing Friday the 13th (an initially neutral stimulus) with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (getting sick)

Buckley Amendment

parents have the right not only to inspect and their children's school records but also to challenge the contents of records.

Caudate nucleus

part of basil ganglia. First brain structure to show signs of damage in Huntington's Disease

Vascular dementia onset

patchy not gradual

Matching hypothesis

people of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other

George Kelly

people view the world through cognitive schemas

Health Belief Model (HBM)

perceived susceptibility; perceived severity; perceived benefits; and perceived barriers Most influential variable is Perceived barriers

A significant finding for a one-way ANOVA indicates that the

population means were different

compressed work week (CWW)

positive effect on satisfaction, but not on performance Decreased absenteeism

Hofstede's theory of culture

power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and long-term orientation

Reinforced practice

practicing approaching and confronting a feared situation or object, to make confronting it easier, includes rewards

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

predicts that increasing employees' responsibility (a motivator) will result in increased satisfaction and performance; job enrichment would be a good intervention

Asian clients

prefer structured, direct, knowledgeable non-egalitarian

Self-conscious emotions

pride, shame or embarrassment begin to be exhibited by children between the ages of 18-24 months

Guilford

proposes convergent and divergent thinking as dimensions of intelligence

Lazarus' theory

proposes that a thought must precede any emotion or physiological arousal

Curriculum-based assessment

provides information about a student in the context of the existing curriculum

CBT and arthritis

psychological functioning is improved and, in some cases, there is a positive effect on joint inflammation and pain intensity

Morita Therapy

psychology of action; Feelings are acknowledged and accepted as uncontrollable and the focus is on taking constructive action, not the alleviation of discomfort or the attainment of some ideal feeling state

Glasgow Coma Scale

rates three categories of patient responses: eye opening, best motor response, and best verbal response

Alloplastic

refers to changing or adapting to the environment by effecting changes in the environment; opposite of autoplastic (also Freud and Hysterical women viewed as autoplastic reactions)

Homoscedasticity

refers to even scatter around the regression line. Homoscedasticity is actually a good thing. It wouldn't attenuate the correlation at all

Post-concussional syndrome (PCS)

refers to somatic and psychological symptoms associated with head trauma

Exogenous attention

refers to the automatic attraction of attention, due to, among others, the sudden appearance of a stimulus. This is a typical bottom-up process, controlled by external stimulus presentation, and not under subjects' control

Form quality

refers to the degree to which an examinee's response is consistent with the form (shape) of the inkblot

Ethics: psychologist has HIV

refrain from initiating any professional activities that might be adversely affected by the medical condition

subpoena duces tecum

requires a person to appear at a designated time and place with a copy of the records. It does not necessarily require the person to release those records

precentral gyrus

responsible for motor functioning

Factor rotation

rotating the factors changes the factor loadings for the variables and eigenvalue for each factor although the total of the eigenvalues remains the same

Effects of childhood sexual abuse

same for males and females

Criterion-related validity

scores on a predictor test are correlated with an outside criteria "predictee"

opiate intoxication

sedation, pupillary constriction, and constipation

Ethics: parents pull child from therapy

seek judicial intervention

Jungian projection

seen as transference

Korsakoff's Syndrome

severe anterograde amnesia along with retrograde amnesia for events that occurred in the relatively recent past

Lave

situated learning model has two principles: learning is a function of the activity, context and culture in which it occurs; and learning requires social interaction and collaboration

Baumgartner's incorporation phases of an HIV/AIDS diagnosis into identity

six-phase process including: diagnosis, post-diagnosis turning point, immersion, post-immersion turning point, integration and disclosure

postcentral gyrus

somatosensory cortex, and is located in the parietal lobe. Damage to the right postcentral gyrus could result in numbness in the left hand and contralateral neglect, which includes neglect of the left visual field

Spearman-Brown formula

specifically used to estimate the reliability of a test if it were lengthened or shortened

Reciprocity hypothesis

states that people tend to like others who like them

Stepparent research

stepfathers provide less support, less control, and less punishment than biological fathers

impact of stepparents

stepfathers provide less support, less control, and less punishment than biological fathers

Partial Seizures

subdivided into "simple partial seizures," which have no alteration of consciousness, and "complex partial seizures," which do alter consciousness

Factitious disorder treatment

supportive, outpatient therapy

Loftus' Discrepancy Detection principle

susceptibility to misinformation is inversely related to the ability to notice discrepancies warnings about potential misinformation may inhibit its impairing effect

Loss aversion

tendency to be influenced more by potential losses than potential gains or to base decisions more heavily on the fear of loss than the hope of gain

marital satisfaction

tends to be greatest at the beginning and at the end of the family life cycle, in other words, a U-shaped relationship

Lenore Walker cycle of violence

tension building, acute battering incident, and loving contrition

Woodcock Johnson

tests of cognitive ability, assess general and specific cognitive abilities and are based on CHC model of intelligence

Weiz meta-analysis age and outcome

that therapy is more beneficial for adolescents than children, especially among girls (did not compare to adults, if did, adults do better)

Borderline IQ and MR

the DSM states that a diagnosis of Mental Retardation may be appropriate when IQ is between 71 and 75 and there are significant deficits in adaptive functioning

Lazarus' MultiModal Therapy (MMT)

the acronym BASIC ID represents the categories of interrelated aspects of personality which need to be addressed for effective treatment: behavior, affect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relationships, and the need for drugs or other biological functioning

peripheral cortex

the amygdala and the neocortex. In particular, this includes the right frontal & temporal lobes for the episodic component, and the temporal lobes for the semantic component

interval recording

the behavior being measured has no clear beginning or end

Opponent-process theory of emotion

the brain avoids extremes of emotional experience by counteracting a strong positive or negative emotion with an opposite or opponent emotional response

Network Therapy

the client's family, friends, and relatives (i.e. the client's network) are brought together, through the therapist's initiative, to implement the therapeutic process

Hypokalemia

the condition that involves low levels of serum potassium (remember the K for potassium)

Anxiolytics and age

the half-life of the drug increases with increasing age due to decreases in metabolism or reductions in renal functioning

Anxiolytics and age

the half-life of the drug increases with increasing age due to slowing metabolism and lower renal functioning (drugs last longer, but more toxic as a result)

Personal fable

the idea that one is unique and not subject to the natural laws that govern others (such as the concept of mortality)

Marcia's four identity moratorium

the individual is confused, in a state of crisis, has made no commitment and is actively exploring different options

Coefficient Alpha

the most commonly applied estimate of a multiple item scale's reliability; represents the average of all possible split-half reliabilities for a construct

Career Anchor (Schein)

the motivation of priorities that define how people see themselves and their work people are primarily motivated by one of eight anchors The eight anchors include: technical/functional competence - a desire to excel in a chosen line of work; general managerial competence - closely allied with the traditional career path of the corporation; autonomy/independence - individuals just want to be alone; security/stability - value predictable environment in which tasks and policies are clearly codified and defined; entrepreneurial creativity - desire to create something of own and run it; service/dedication to a cause - the need to focus work around a specific set of values; pure challenge - seek to solve or master challenges; and lifestyle - organized around an individual's private life.

Prochanska Maintenance

the person has maintained action for at least 6 months and is actively working to prevent a relapse

Age-associated memory impairment (AAMI)

the presence of subjective memory decline; objective evidence of memory loss; adequate intellectual function; and the absence of dementia or other memory-affecting disease (e.g., stroke) in a person aged 50 years or older

Neurogensis (formation of new nerve cells) not occurs

the striate cortex

PMS

the symptoms occur shortly before and terminate shortly after the onset of menses. This is not common in most women in general.

Menopause and mood

there is no evidence that menopause is linked to either depression or psychological well-being

Migrane treatment

thermal biofeedback, which measures skin temperature, to be more effective in treating migraines than relaxation therapy

Meyer's minority stress model

three proximal stressors -- expectations of rejection, concealment of sexual orientation, and internalized homophobia

Class-bound values (Sue)

time schedules, unstructured problem-solving, long range goals

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)

to describe the range of effects from prenatal alcohol exposure (umbrella term)

Endogenous attention

typical top-down, attentional effort under control of the individual, for example, when attention is being focused on the basis of instructions

Universality of the transactional-transformational leadership theory

universality has been observed in a wide range of organizations and cultures

base rate

unscreened employees who are currently successful on the job

Validity generalization

use of a selection procedure or battery in a new setting without conducting a local validation research study Obtained through synthetic validity and transportability

Kuder-Richardson reliability

used to assess the inter-item consistency of tests that are dichotomously scored (e.g., scored as right or wrong)

Discriminant function analysis

used to determine which variables discriminate between two or more naturally occurring groups based on their scores or status on two or more predictors (reversed MANOVA)

Global Deterioration Scale

used to measure cognitive functioning in individuals with Alzheimer's dementia or other type of primary degenerative dementia

Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)

used to obtain information on the presence of behavioral and psychiatric disturbances among individuals with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias by surveying behaviors and symptoms occurring during the previous month as reported by the informant

Therapist sex with clients

usually do so to fulfill personal needs resulting from events in their own life.

A child in the autonomous stage

views rules as more arbitrary and changeable by consensus (Piaget)

negative state relief theory

we engage in prosocial behavior to relieve our own state of emotional distress at another's plight

Equilibration

when a child accommodates new information by forming a new schema or modifying an existing one

Involuntary euthanasia

when a patient's life is ended without the patient's knowledge and consent. In practice, this usually means that the patient is unconscious, unable to communicate, or is too sick and weak to be aware of what is happening or to take any action on his own behalf

Latent coding

when a researcher reads into the meaning of the content he/she is analyzing to get data rather than simply taking it at face value

Social comparison theory

when standards are ambiguous and subjective (e.g., "professionalism"), we compare ourselves to others (usually but not always those slightly above us)

Voluntary euthanasia

when the patient requests that action be taken to end his life, or that life-saving treatment be stopped, with full knowledge that this will lead to his death

Differential prediction

when the use of scores on a selection test systematically over- or under-predict the job performance of members of one group as compared to members of another group

Cross Model pre-encounter stage

whites are seen as the ideal, while African Americans are denigrated

Lowest dropout rates

with Asian-American clients

Visitation post divorce

with non-custodial father leads to less behavior problems, higher achievement, when father supportive and authoritative, no adj problems or conflict between parents

"invisible veil"

worldviews, or values and beliefs, representing an "invisible veil" which operates outside the level of conscious awareness

Divorce

worse for boys worse for older children worse academically

Anxiety over long term

younger adults are less likely to have comorbid symptoms of depression than older adults

Having amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Parkinson's disease

Cingulate cortex

Part of limbic system (satisfaction center - food and sex)

Stimulants and dopamine

Part of the dopamine hypothesis Cocaine and amphetamines combined produce psychotic-like symptoms

discrimination hypothesis, frustration theory, and sequential theory

Partial reinforcement effect (organisms respond for a longer period of time during extinction trials when they were previously reinforced on an intermittent schedule than when they were reinforced on a continuous schedule)

Predictor of retirement satisfaction

Participation in activities

Retirement satisfaction

Participation in activities best predictor

Which leadership style is most effective for employees who have high levels of ability and low levels of motivation

Participative style

Peak age of onset for different types of specific phobias: Natural Environment Animal BII Situational

Peak age of onset for different types of specific phobias Natural Environment: 7 - 11 Animal - 7 BII - 9 Situational - childhood or mid-20s

From the perspective of rational-emotive behavioral therapy:

People are biologically prone to the squish toon of irrational beliefs

Ajzen and fishbien's Theory of reasoned action

People consider two factors when deciding whether to behave in certain ways: their attitude toward to behavior and the subjective norms that apply to the situational

Stages of change model (transtheoretical) two factors that are primary predictors of successful stage transition

Perceives self efficacy; decisional balance

Using Holland's vocational theory, the two factors that would best predict a successful hire are

Personality and Job Environment

Somatization disorder comorbidity

Personality disorders

Damage to orbiofrontal cortex

Phineas Gage, altered emotional behaviors

Criterion for initial attaction

Physical attractiveness

Berscheid and Walters two factor theory of love, love is a result of:

Physiological arousal and a label for it

Dichotomous variable with continuous

Point biserial (biserial alone if artificial dichotomy)

Workplace interdependence

Pooled (one pot, nothing in common) Sequential (chain) Reciprocal (two-way) Comprehensive (everyone involved reciprocally > greater flexibility, adaptability, but more conflict and turnover

Dysphonesia

Poor non-word reading skills and spelling

4 day work week

Positively affect moral more than performance

Heterogeneity

Positively related to creativity and decision making effectiveness

Lawler's (1973) Model of Facet Satisfaction

Posits that job satisfaction is conceived in terms of different facets of an individual's job; a compilation of feelings of satisfaction on an array of situational, biological, social and educational factors. Lawler's model specifies that workers compare what their jobs should provide in terms of job facets to what they currently receive from their jobs.

According to physiological mechanisms of emotion, eye blink reflex is:

Potentiated when person is seeing an unpleasant stimulus and inhibited when viewing a pleasant stimulus

Social Expectancy theory

Predicts that motivation is the result of three beliefs: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence

Social comparison theory

Predicts that people make judgments about themselves by comparing their behaviors, attitudes, and believes to those of other people

Goal-setting theory

Predicts that specific goals will result in greater effort and performance than ambiguous goals.

Ethnic minorities with strong cultural affiliation

Prefer ethnically similar therapists and counselors and tend to have better outcomes with similar therapist

The research suggests that sex therapy has been most successful for the treatment of:

Premature ejaculation

Social facilitation

Presence of others increases performance on simple and familiar tasks

Schizophrenia employment predictor

Previous job history

Alderian school consultation

Primarily educate the parents and teachers through an emphasis on preventive interventions

Lazarus

Primary (one's perception), secondary (assessment of coping resources), re-appraisal (watching and adapting)

John Locke: primary vs secondary qualitites

Primary Qualities: Correspond with attributes of the body (e.g., feeling an object) Secondary Qualities: Correspond to other sensory information that is processed in the brain, such as taste and smell ; cause sensations that have no counterparts in the physical world (i.e., seeing colour, smelling a flower)

In the context of managed healthcare, gatekeeper refers to the:

Primary care physician

How would you study implicit memory?

Priming tests

_____Inhibition occurs when the ability to remember new information is impaired by previously acquired information

Proactive

The most common cause of intellectual disability

Problems in embryonic period.

Anomia

Problems with word retrieval, may hesitate speech, may substitute a mistaken word for what the person means

Which type of organizational justice is the following: ensuring employment practice/decisions are free from bias, errors are quickly corrected, and stakeholders are involved in decision making?

Procedural

Implicit memory is also referred to as...

Procedural memory

Of the following aspects of memory, which is least likely to be adversely affected by mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease a) working memory B) procedural memories C) episodic memory D) semantic memory

Procedural memory

Iatrogenic condition

Produced by the treatment (can even include DID)

Vivienne Cass

Proposed individuals go through a six-stage, non-age specific, process of homosexual identity development. First non-pathologizing model

Two cultures theory

Proposes that distinctive features of girls' and boys' peer relationships confer particular developmental advantages but also vulnerabilities for each group

Craik and Lockhart's Levels of Processing Theory

Proposes that stimuli are processed at different levels, and the deeper the level of processing, the more likely it will be remembered (e.g rhyming, elaborative rehearsal)

Individual Zones of Optimal Function (IZOF) model

Proposes that the optimal level of intensity may vary, ranging from very low to very high for different individuals, and that a multitude of inter-individual differences exist across athletes and sport settings

PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION (PHI):

Protection of the individual's health status, provision of health care, or payment for health care

What are the 3 modes in IPT

Prototaxic: First months of life, single unconnected experiences involving sensations Parataxic: Child begins to see erroneous causal correlations Syntaxic: Final mode, logical and analytical thinking occurs, language acquisition

Kuder occupational interest survey (KOIS)

Provides scores on for scales: occupational scales, vocational interest estimates, dependability indices, and College major scales

Reducing risk behavior for HIV

Providing knowledge to the groups about AIDS

Cancer and psychological factors

Psy. unrelated to onset, but helps in recovery (support, hypnosis)> higher survival rates and quality of life

MMPI - Scale 7

Psychasthenia (obsessions, ruminative self-talk)

MMPI - Scale 4

Psychoapathic Deviate

Naikan Therapy

Psychology of reflection, is based on clients asking themselves three questions: what have I received from? What have I given to? What troubles or difficulties have I caused to?

State Licensing Boards

Purpose is to protect the public

Dimensional approach to diagnosis is based on a____ of attributes a) quantification B) categorization C) exclusion D) dichotomization

Quantification

Name the six different personality types in Holland's Vocational Theory

RIASEC R - Realistic I - Investigative A - Artistic S - Social E - Enterprising C - Conforming

Define rackets, games and strikes, transactions, and scripts in Racket and Game Analysis

Rackets: habitual ways of feelings Games & Strokes: Games are ways we seek confirmation from others about our self-perception (strokes) Transactions: Interactions between the two ego states that occur at a social or psychological level and can be complementary, crossed, and/or ulterior Script: life themes or patterns

Eliminate false positive

Raise predictor cutoff or lower your standards for success by lowering criteria cutoff

Poor predictor of divorce adjustment

Rapid remarrying

Wide range achievement test

Rapid screening, reading spelling math skills, diagnosis of a learning disability

Deviation IQ vs. Ratio IQ

Ratio IQ - used when mental tests were first developed - Divided mental age by chronological age x 100 to compare mental to chronological - Problem: not comparable across age groups. Deviation IQ - replaced ratio IQ - Measure of how far an individual's intelligence test score deviates from the average intelligence test score of people of the same age - Advantage: the scores can be easily compared across ages.

A person who likes working with tools and objects, requires physical strength and practical feedback scored highest on which sub scale of Hollands self directed search?

Realistic

Inductive reasoning

Reasoning from a particular fact to a general rule

Nancy Boyd-Franklin

Recommends the use of a multisystems (ecostructural) approach when working with African-American families

MRI Huntington's Disease

Reduced volume of the basal ganglia

Bonferroni test helps control experiment wise error rate by:

Reducing level of significance for each comparison

Client exhibiting all 3 major symptoms of MDE

Refer him to psychiatrist for medical evaluation.

Gender segregation

Refers to children's preference for same-sex peer affiliations

Slippery Slope ethics

Refers to the relationship between sexual and non-sexual boundary-crossing and claims that crossing one boundary makes it easier to cross the next boundary

Gain loss theory

Refers to the tendency to like the most attracted to people who initially evaluate you negatively but subsequently evaluate you in positive ways

Face validity

Refers to what the test appears to measure.

Ethics: hired for research by company, no publication

Refuse to participate

Ethics: Client with criminal past

Refuse to provide police with info, notify client

Type I error occurs when, on the basis of the study's results, the researcher:

Rejects the true null hypothesis

Parkinson's disease tremors

Related to dopamine, which also plays a role in movement. Degeneration of Dopamine secreting neurons causes muscular rigidity

Home team advantage

Related to social support from fans

In the context of test construction,_____refers to the extent to which test items contribute to achieving the stated goals or purpose of testing a) relevance b) reliability C) significance D) verification

Relevance

Wernicke's, Broca's and conduction aphasia

Repeating what is said is common to all

Narcissistic defense mechanisms

Repression, rationalization, and projection

Permutation testing

Reshuffling, and rerunning. But is considered without replacement

Systems theory negative feedback

Restores to previous state of equilibrium (occurs when the parent corrects the misbehaving and restores homeostasis)

Leaners helpleness

Results from attributions that are global, stable, internal.

Unsuccessful resolution of Identity vs. identify confusion

Results in repudiation (their role with adults) or fanaticism (eager identification to a particular role. Successful resolution leads to fidelity (loyalty to society's standards)

Kirkpatrick contends that__ are most important to evaluate but most difficult to develop js therefore infrequently used

Results- The higher the level of evaluation, the ore difficult and costly the process is but thee more significant the information

Which of the following contributes least two depth perception for objects a greater deal away?

Retinal disparity

Ebbinghauswas one of the first researchers to study memory. He often used himself as a subject and memorize list of nonsense syllables. Results of the search indicated that:

Rote learning of syllables tend to lead to rapid forgetting

Sensory efferent nerves

Run through the thalamus (all except olfactory)

Satiation vs habituation vs extinction

SATIATION: temporary loss of reinforcer's effectiveness because it has been presented so many times HABITUATION: stimulus no longer produces response because of repeated experience with it (Classical Conditioning no reinforcer involved) EXTINCTION: elimination or suppression of a response because reinforcer or unconditioned stimulus is removed

Differential item functioning (DIF)

SIBTEST or simultaneous item bias test, Mantel-Haenszel, and Lord's chi-square are statistical techniques used to identify DIF

Symptoms of Depression

SIGECAPS S - sadness I - interest lost G - guilty E - energy low C - concentration poor A - appetite decreased or increased P - psychomotor agitation or retardation S - suicidal ideation

Goal of Advocacy Consultation

SOCIAL change

Damage to the hippocampus results in impairments in ...

SPATIAL NAVIGATION

Standard errors are concerned with the difference between ____ and ____

STANDARD ERRORS: Concerned with the difference in value between OBSERVED values and ACTUAL values

The behavior therapy technique for reducing arousal to inappropriate stimuli by first masturbating to orgasm while imagining appropriate stimuli and then continuing to masturbate while fantasizing about paraphilic images after orgasm is called:

Satiation therapy

Theory of Work Adjustment

Satisfaction as an individual's satisfaction with a job based on how well it meets the individual employee's needs. Satisfactoriness refers to the degree to which the employee's skills meet the requirements of the job and to which the employee successfully performs the job. According to TWA, both are influences of employment tenure.

MMPI - Scale 8

Schizophrenia

Most common dx for 18-44yo inpatient

Schizophrenia

MMPI I and II scores comparison of European and African Americans indicate that AAs:

Score higher or lower on some scales than euro Americans but that these score differences are not clinically signifiant

Percentile rank overestimation

Scores at the tales are greater in difference than scores in the middle of the same magnitude of difference

Slosson intelligence test primary

Screening test for children 2-7.11, provides verbal and performance scores and total standard scores

Neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire

Screening test for dementia

Crisis intervention is most related to

Secondary Intervention

Which aspect of memory is most negatively impacted by increasing age in adulthood?

Secondary memory

Opiate intoxication

Sedation, constriction, constipation

Use of___may produce intoxication, which is characterized by mood lability impaired judgment, slurred speech, impaired coordination, and deficits in memory and attention. I sedative, and amphetamine cannabis, and opioid

Sedative

Ethics: Child eval, parents joint, no gf

See custodial parents only

Bandura's Social cognitive theory implies that, to maximize worker motivation, and job should be designed so that It maximizes:

Self regulation - four processes contribute to self regulation: goalsetting, self observation, self-evaluation, and self reaction. Self regulation is a primary determinant of motivation

Match the psychologist and theory: Rehm

Self-control theory (depression)

Self-directed versus traditional work group

Self-directed are generalists rather than specialists

Self-Directed vs. Self-Managed Team

Self-directed: goal comes from within the group Self-managed: goal is defined outside the group

Which leadership style is most effective for employees who are low in ability and high and motivation

Selling style

Ethics: Client requests old records

Send with cover letter explaining limitations

Effects of split brain

Sensory systems: cannot name objects in left eye, but can draw them with left hand

The Montessori teaching method emphasizes what type of learning?

Sensory-motor stimuli and manipulation of materials; teaches children not to excel but rather to perform at their own potential

Phallic stage

Sexual attraction to parent

Most ethical charge against psychologist

Sexual misconduct

Research on the "jigsaw classroom" supports the finding of

Sherif's Robber's Cave study

Serial position effect distinguishes between:

Short and long term memory (recency vs primary)

TV and aggression

Short and long-term (up to 22 yo)

Effects of pos and negative events

Short term but not long term effects on satisfaction and well being

Yalom conflict between leaders

Should not express early, bu can serve as healthy model during later stages

Ethics: harassment in the workplace

Should take action

If the normal clinical dose of methylphenidate is given to a child who does not have ADHD, you would expect the child to:

Show increased attention (the idea of ritalin exerting a paradoxical effect on non-ADHD adults and children has been disproven)

Intelligence heritability

Siblings .49 Identical twins .88

Consultee-centered case consultation

Similar to a supervisor

Negative reinforcement

Similar to escape conditioning (dog jumping to other side of the cage to avoid being shocked again). increasing the likelihood of a behavior through the elimination of an aversive stimulus

Task Analysis

Simple outline of steps required to perform a certain task

Jacksonian Seizure

Simple partial seizure

Behavioral Contrast

Skinner; the situation in which two behaviors are initially reinforced at equal levels and then one behavior stops being reinforced

What is the difference in arousal in Sleep Terror Disorder vs. Sleepwalking Disorder

Sleep Terror - arousal is high Sleep Walking - arousal is low

ADHD impulsivity brain region

Smaller caudate nucleus, greater impulsivity

Meta-analysis was first used in psychological research by

Smith and Glass

What style of parenting is associated with insecure/ avoidant attachment

Smothering/ overstimulating or impatient

Krumboltz

Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making (SLTCDM) includes four types of influences on making career decisions: genetic characteristics and special abilities; environmental conditions and events; learning experiences; and performance standards and values

Repressed memories of sexual abuse

Some people may forget about sexual abuse and subsequently remember it later in life. However, as of yet, no factors that distinguish between these people and other victims of sexual abuse are known. (19% occurrence in Loftus' studies)

Beck's cognitive diathesis-model of depression

Some people, when exposed to a negative life event (stress), are vulnerable to experiencing depression as they have depressogenic schemata

Spearman versus point bi-serial

Spearman 2x2 categorical, point 1x categorical

Control for practice effects

Split-half (two separate tests, 1 administration) Alternate forms

Mood stages of Alzheimers'

Stage 1: Depression Stage 2: Anger Stage 3: apathy

Q: Sleep spindles and K-complexes occur at which stage of sleep?

Stage 2

Assumption of Kohlberg's moral development

Stage progress related to changes in social perspective (perspective taking)

Differentiate between Standard Error ...of MEASUREMENT ...of ESTIMATE ...of the MEAN

Standard Error ...of MEASUREMENT: variation between individual's observed score and true score ...of ESTIMATE: regression prediction errors ...of the MEAN: distance between sample mean and population mean

Criterion related related he is used to estimate or predict and examinees:

Standing or performance on an extern all criterion

Dissociative Identity Disorder tx

Start with being supportive and establishing a therapeutic alliance

Performance IQ declines

Starts in the 20s

Reversal theory

States how an athlete interprets his or her own intensity levels, whether as positive or negative, influences performance. The theory also suggests for successful performances to occur, athletes must view their own intensity level as positive and that perceptions of intensity are dynamic and constantly changing throughout the course performance

Doctrine of comparable worth

States that workers (in particular, men and women) should get equal pay for performing jobs that have equivalent worth (use job evaluation)

Dysphoria, vivid and frightening dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue, psychomotor agitation or retardation, and increased appetite are more suggestive_withdrawal. Stimulant, tobacco, opioid, phencyclidine

Stimulant

Atomoxetine

Strattera

A school psychologist wants to determine if there is a significant difference in reading and writing the scores between male and female students in the schools preschool program. She attain scores on standardized reading readiness test for 17 girls and 13 boys. Which statistical test will be most appropriate for determining if there is a significant difference between the scores obtained by boys and girls?

Students t-test

Habit reversal is most likely to be used as a treatment for: alcohol addiction, pica, stuttering, Frotteurism

Stuttering

Control v. experimental interference

Subjects in experimental learn similar list

Organically-based mood symptoms

Substances such as hallucinogens and PCP; endocrine disorders, such as hypo- or hyperthyroidism; carcinoma of the pancreas; viral illness; and structural disease of the brain, such as that caused by a stroke

Huntington's Disease Striatum

Such cells are destroyed, causing decreased GABA, then increased dopamine, then chorea

Warr's (1987) Vitamin Model

Suggests that certain features in the workplace act in much the same way as vitamins. The level and combination of stressors have an effect on well-being and as with vitamins, some of the features start to have a negative effect if they increase beyond a recommended daily dose. There is substantial empirical support

Catastrophe theory

Suggests that physiological arousal is dependent upon the level of cognitive intensity of the individual athlete and that cognitive, somatic and self-confidence aspects exert an interactive three-dimensional influence on performance

Formative vs. summative evaluation

Summative at the very end (summary)

Best way to measure job performance

Supervisor evaluations easiest Employee's knowledge about job and how to do it informative

The most effective intervention for cigarette smoking combines nicotine replacement therapy with:

Support from clinician and skills training

The phenomenon of "home court advantage" is best explained by...

Support of fans

SCAD profile on the WAIS-III

Symbol Search, Digit Symbol Coding, Arithmetic, and Digit Span subtests. Useful in assessing ADHD and LD

According to Piaget, what is necessary prerequisite for the development of reversibility?

Symbolism

T-score distribution M = __, SD = __ Z-score distribution: M = __, SD = __ Stanine scores: M = __, SD = __ IQ: M = __, SD = __

T-score distribution: M = 50, SD = 10 Z-score distribution: M = 0, SD = 1 Stanine scores: M = 5, SD = 2 IQ: M = 100, SD = 15 or 16

imipramine

TCA antidepressant is associated with the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), enuresis, and decreasing the desire to binge and purge?

Tip of the tongue phenomenon (TOT) vs. Feeling of knowing (FOK)

TOT: Feel you know the answer, but can't produce it when prompted, can provide the answer in a short period of time, comes on involuntarily FOK: Feeling that one will be able to recognize - from a list of items - an item that is currently inaccessible. More related to semantic problems. Individual makes a purposeful assessment of his or her likelihood of being able to recognize the correct answer to a question, even though they cannot retrieve that information on a free recall test.

During the third therapy session, the client revealed to you that he has been seeing another psychologist for the past six months. The client claims that this therapist doesn't seem to be "doing any good" and that he feels you'll be able to help him. As an ethical psychologist, you should:

Tell the client you will continue therapy with him to discuss the implications of the situation

Other name for complex partial seizures

Temporal lobe epilepsy (where it originates and produces impaired consciousness and involuntary actions)

Minuchin disengaged family

Tends to avoid conflict, isolated, overly rigid

Asian smiling

Tends to express embarrassment, discomfort, apprehension, shyness Not disapproval

Psychological correlates of stress

Tension and migraine headaches

Criterion-referenced interpretation

Test performance is interpreted in terms of an external criterion, or standard of performance

Kudar-Richardson reliability applies to...

Tests with dichotomously scored questions.

Origin of absence/petit mal seizures

Thalamus

R squared is also known as...

The Coefficient of Determination

Borderline Personality Disorder

The Personality Disorder that has been found to have the best prognosis

In what order should the following components of WISC-IV be interpreted: Subtest Variability, Index Scores, Intratest Variability

The WISC-IV should be interpreted in the following order 1. Index Scores 2. Subtest Variability 3. Intratest Variability

Automaticity

The ability to chunk or to move information between working memory and long-term so rapidly and efficiently that the processes entails virtually no attention on the part of the individua

What does an Eigenvalue explain in factor analysis or PCA?

The amount of variability in a group of variables accounted for by an independent statistical component. In other words, a factor's eigenvalue indicates its strength or explanatory power.

Which part of the brain is known at the "satiation centre"?

The cingulate cortex (gyrus) - associated with emotion and motivation

Logistical regression is a multi variate technique used to identify: Convergent and divergent validity, nonlinear (categorical) patterns, causal linka

The combination of predictors that most accurately categories individuals into criterion groups

Bipolar 1 concordance

The concordance rate for identical twins with Bipolar Disorder ranges from about 75% - 80%. Keep in mind that Bipolar I Disorder is among the most heavily genetically loaded disorders.

Opisthotonus (lower extremity spasms)

The condition describing a side-effect of antipsychotic medication that is incorrectly matched with its symptoms (behind + tension)