Japanese Art, Exam 2: Quick Recall

fukinuki yatai Late Heian Period

"blown-away roof" technique

Late Heian Period, Insei Period

1086-1185

Early Feudal Period

1185-1573

koan

A Chan, or Zen, riddle used in private consultation between Chan masters and disciples.

Nichiren school

A form of Pure Land Buddhism, associated with Ashikaga Shogun.

nenbutsu odori, Ji School practice Ippen Kamakura Period

A ritual ceremony in which people danced in a circle beating gongs, ringing bells, and chanting aloud Amida's name.

Kuya (903-972)

Advocated the recitation of Amida's name in the Middle Heian Period.

1598

After Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death, Himeji Castle taken apart and moved to Osaka where it resides in its present form.

Byobu Momoyama Period Kano School

Architectural method of mounting paintings on a folding screen (movable partition in a room).

Fusama Momoyama Period Kano School

Architectural method of mounting paintings on interior sliding door panels.

The Muromachi Period Ashikaga 1392-1573

Associated with introduction of Zen buddhism.

Scroll of Diseases, woman suffering from insomnia Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper Kamakura period, late 12th century

Associated with the Hells scrolls and the Hungry Ghosts.

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu turned over the imperial regalia to Emperor Gokomatsu in Kyoto in 1392.

Began the Muromachi Period

the Kamakura Period 1185-1333

Began when the Minamoto clan won the Genpei Civil War.

Jizo Bosatsu

Believed to have the power to rescue souls from purgatory and bring them to Western Paradise.

Guardians (Agyo and Ungyo) at the Great South Gate, Todaiji, 1203 Kamakura Period by Unkei and Kaikei yosegi zukuri technique, multiple wood blocks.

Called Kongo Rikishi as a unit.

Muxi

Chinese monk painter in 13th century. Most famous work: was a triptych of a White-Robed Kannon flanked by gibbons and a crane.

Monk Shide from Guoqing Monastery

Commonly associated with Hanshan.

Onin War (1467 - 1477)

Destroyed the Ashikaga Shogunate.

Ashikaga shogunate

Dominated during the Muromachi Period.

Hanshan, "Cold Mountain" Lived in a cave on Mount Tiantai.

Eccentric Chinese poet

Kenmu Restoration Nanbokucho Period "Era of Southern and Northern Courts" 1336-1392

Emperor Godaigo ruled the country from Kyoto.

Shirakawa. Ruled until 1086

Emperor Gosanjo's son. Ruled by insei.

Oda Nobunaga toppled the last shogun in 1573.

Ended the Muromachi Period

Genpei Civil War 1180 to 1185

Ended the insei period.

Raijo (1044-1119) Lived in Nara

Established the Kei School.

otoko-e, men's painting Late Heian Period

Expressive brushstrokes, action, and emotions of figures. Color washes rather than opaque.

Kabuki dramas

Festival depictions. Associated with revival of genre painting in the 16th century in the kano school.

Shandao's commentary on The Visualization Sutra

Formed the basis of Honen's idea of nenbutsu.

Honen 1133-1212 Kamakura Period

Founded the Jodo Shu (the Pure Land School). Advocated the nenbutsu beginning in 1175

Shinran

Honen's disciple. Formed the basis of the new Jodo Shinshu, the True Pure Land School.

Ippen, 1239 - 1289 Kamakura Period

Important Pure Land Evangelist Founded the practice of nenbutsu odori.

Myoe Shonin (1173-1232)

In 1206, established the Kegon temple Kozanji and devoted his time to forming a new Buddhist doctrine based on a combination of elements from Shingon and Kegon. Focused on Meditation.

Ashikaga Shogun

In power during the Muromachi period.

Zen Buddhism Kamakura Period.

Introduced from China during the 12th century. The Japanese pronunciation of Chan in Chinese.

Eisai (1141-1215)

Japanese monk credited with the transmission of Chan to Japan.

The Kei School Lineage

Jocho Raijo Kokei Unkei Kaikei Jokei Tankei Koben Kosho

Kano Motonobu

Kano Masonobu's son. Kano school master.

Momoyama Period

Known for Kano School Comes after Muromachi period 1568-1600

Southern Song influence

Landscape paintings, the one-corner formula, over-hanging branches, angular rock formations, use of void, axe-cut strokes, misty effects, light washes of ink. Court style of paintings of Buddhist monks: cloth draped over the chair.

Fujiwara Nobuyori

Launched a rebellion in the middle of the night on December 9th, 1159, took retired emperor Go-Shirakawa prisoner.

Jocho

Made the large Amida Buddha at byodoin.

Mappo (1052)

Major factor in rise of Pure Land Buddhism.

Shogun Yoshimasa

Muromachi Period, patron to Murata Shuko. Known for tea ceremony.

Seiitai Shogun, the "Barbarian-subduing General" Minamoto Yoritomo

Name given to the first ever shogun in 1192.

daiymo

Powerful feudal lords who ruled Japan until the Meijji period. Subordinate only to the Shogun.

Bunraku

Puppet plays. Associated with revival of genre painting in the 16th century in the kano school.

Sanjusangendo Kamakura period Tankei

Rebuilt in 1253.

Kofukuji, only the Hokuendo survives Kamakura Period

Rebuilt under the direct patronage of Minamoto Yoritomo.

Rokudo-e Kamakura Period

Refers to the 6 Existences human beings might be reborn: Buddha and bodhisattvas, human beings, animals, constantly fighting demons, hungry ghosts, and beings in hell.

Queen Vaidehi's experience and the 16 visualizations. Queen Vaidehi's son who jailed his father, the King. The Queen tried to send food to the King, but the son ridiculed her. The Queen could not understand this and prayed for Buddha to explain the situation: he gave her the path to salvation through the 16 visualizations.

Represented on the side panels of Honen's Taima Mandara.

Kokei (1175-1200) Unkei's father

Sculptor after Raijo.

Toba Ruled by insei starting in 1129 for 27 years.

Shirakawa's son.

Todaiji, Nara

Shunjobo Chogen (1121-1206) put in charge of this rebuilding.

Shukongojin image of 733 in the Hokkedo of Todaiji

Similar in style to Agyo and Ungyo.

Kinkakuji 1397, Muromachi Period.

Tea House at Honen-in, Kyoto is in stark contrast to this temple of the Golden Pavilion. Sen no Rikyu rebelled against this culture.

Kano Masonobu (1434-1530) Momoyama Period.

The 1st notable Kano master. Appointed official painter to the Shogunate in 1481.

No

The classical masked drama. Associated with revival of genre painting in 16th century in the kano school.

Emperor Gosanjo. 1068-1072

The first emperor in many decades to be born of a non-Fujiwara mother.

Minamoto Yoritomo 1147-1199

The head of the Minamoto clan in the Kamakura period.

Muromachi period

The last part of the early feudal period, associated with the Kano school.

Emaki-mono Narrative illustrations interspersed with calligraphic works.

The most popular form of secular art in the late Heian period.

Nenbutsu Kamakura Period.

The recitation of Amida Buddha's name, "Namu Amida Butsu." Advocated by Honen as the direct path to salvation.

Hungry Ghosts, by the fountain, late 12th-early 13th c. Kamakura Period Ink and color on paper

These ghosts are souls condemned to perpetual hunger.

Kosho, Koben, and Tankei Unkei's sons Kamakura Period

Third generation Kei school masters.

Taira and the Minamoto

Two military clans that aided in end of insei period.

the Hogen (1156) and the Heiji (1160)

Two rebellions that led to the Genpei Civil War.

Genshin

Wrote a popular religious book, The Essentials of Salvation.

Shaku

a tablet of thin wood carried by officials in ceremonies.

Chinese Ming dynasty influence

flower-and-bird depictions, zen gardens that you would walk into rather than merely look at and consider.

onna-e, woman's painting Late Heian Period

sumptuous, ostentatious style