Jefferson's Presidency and Election of 1800

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

"The Embargo, giving time to the belligerent powers to revise their unjust proceedings and to listen to the dictates of justice, of interest and reputation, which equally urge the correction of their wrongs, has availed our country of the only honorable expedient for avoiding war: and should a repeal of these Edicts supersede the cause for it, our commercial brethren will become sensible that it has consulted their interests, however against their own will. It will be unfortunate for their country if, in the mean time, these, their expressions of impatience, should have the effect of prolonging the very suffering which have produced them, by exciting a fallacious hope that we may, under any pressure, relinquish our equal right of navigating the ocean, go to such ports only as others may prescribe, and there pay the tributary exactions they may impose. . ." Source: Thomas Jefferson, in a broadside signed to Eliot Brown, Jr., UH digital history, 1808 Which of the following was the most immediate result of the edict described in the excerpt?

American industry suffered as Britain started substituting South American goods for American goods.

"If the States may tax one instrument, employed by the government in the execution of its powers, they may tax any and every other instrument. They may tax the mail; they may tax the mint; they may tax patent rights; they may tax the papers of the custom-house; they may tax judicial process; they may tax all the means employed by the government, to an excess which would defeat all the ends of government. This was not intended by the American people. They did not design to make their government dependent on the States. . ." -Source: Chief Justice John Marshall, opinion of the Court in McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 Which of the following was the most immediate result of the ruling excerpted?

Congress continued to run the Second National Bank of the United States

"If the States may tax one instrument, employed by the government in the execution of its powers, they may tax any and every other instrument. They may tax the mail; they may tax the mint; they may tax patent rights; they may tax the papers of the custom-house; they may tax judicial process; they may tax all the means employed by the government, to an excess which would defeat all the ends of government. This was not intended by the American people. They did not design to make their government dependent on the States. . ." -Source: Chief Justice John Marshall, opinion of the Court in McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 The McCulloch case emerged most directly from the context of which of the following?

Debates about the division of powers between the federal and state governments

"If the States may tax one instrument, employed by the government in the execution of its powers, they may tax any and every other instrument. They may tax the mail; they may tax the mint; they may tax patent rights; they may tax the papers of the custom-house; they may tax judicial process; they may tax all the means employed by the government, to an excess which would defeat all the ends of government. This was not intended by the American people. They did not design to make their government dependent on the States. . ." -Source: Chief Justice John Marshall, opinion of the Court in McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 Which of the following statements best summarizes the Court's ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland?

Federal laws have supremacy over state laws.

"So if a law be in opposition to the constitution; if both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution; or conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law; the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty." "If, then, the courts are to regard the constitution, and the constitution is superior to any ordinary act of the legislature, the constitution, and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both apply." Source: John Marshall, Opinion of the Court in Marbury v. Madison, 1803 Which of the following statements best summarizes Marshall's argument about the Supreme Court?

It should judge whether a law is constitutional.

"So if a law be in opposition to the constitution; if both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution; or conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law; the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty." "If, then, the courts are to regard the constitution, and the constitution is superior to any ordinary act of the legislature, the constitution, and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both apply." Source: John Marshall, Opinion of the Court in Marbury v. Madison, 1803 This ruling overturned which of the following laws?

The Judiciary Act of 1789

Which of the following historical events had a significant impact on the geographical region shown on the map above?

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 The Missouri Compromise of 1820 established conditions that determined which new states in the Louisiana Territory would be free states and slave states

"So if a law be in opposition to the constitution; if both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution; or conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law; the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty." "If, then, the courts are to regard the constitution, and the constitution is superior to any ordinary act of the legislature, the constitution, and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both apply." Source: John Marshall, Opinion of the Court in Marbury v. Madison, 1803 Which of the following was the most immediate result of the ruling excerpted?

The Supreme Court demonstrated its powers as the third branch of government after establishing its power of judicial review.

Due to the changes shown in the map, by 1820, which of the following developments had taken place?

a rise in sectional conflicts over the expansion of slavery

"The Embargo, giving time to the belligerent powers to revise their unjust proceedings and to listen to the dictates of justice, of interest and reputation, which equally urge the correction of their wrongs, has availed our country of the only honorable expedient for avoiding war: and should a repeal of these Edicts supersede the cause for it, our commercial brethren will become sensible that it has consulted their interests, however against their own will. It will be unfortunate for their country if, in the mean time, these, their expressions of impatience, should have the effect of prolonging the very suffering which have produced them, by exciting a fallacious hope that we may, under any pressure, relinquish our equal right of navigating the ocean, go to such ports only as others may prescribe, and there pay the tributary exactions they may impose. . ." Source: Thomas Jefferson, in a broadside signed to Eliot Brown, Jr., UH digital history, 1808 Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Jefferson's views expressed in this excerpt?

the Democratic-Republicans

"The Embargo, giving time to the belligerent powers to revise their unjust proceedings and to listen to the dictates of justice, of interest and reputation, which equally urge the correction of their wrongs, has availed our country of the only honorable expedient for avoiding war: and should a repeal of these Edicts supersede the cause for it, our commercial brethren will become sensible that it has consulted their interests, however against their own will. It will be unfortunate for their country if, in the mean time, these, their expressions of impatience, should have the effect of prolonging the very suffering which have produced them, by exciting a fallacious hope that we may, under any pressure, relinquish our equal right of navigating the ocean, go to such ports only as others may prescribe, and there pay the tributary exactions they may impose. . ." Source: Thomas Jefferson, in a broadside signed to Eliot Brown, Jr., UH digital history, 1808 The excerpt best reflects which of the following?

the US government's efforts to avoid conflicts with Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars