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How many origins of replication are there on a bacterial chromosome?

1

How many promoters are in an operon?

1

The following sequence forms a stem-loop in the poliovirus (PV) RNA that is bound by PCBP...

19

One strand of DNA is 5'-AGGCCTTA-3'. What is the sequence of the opposite strand?

3'-TCCGGAAT-5'

The zig-zag model is associated with the _____ level of DNA organization

30-nm fiber

How many bases would it take to complete 4 full turns of a DNA molecule?

40

A transposing is inserted into the sequence 5' GACTC 3'. Following simple transposition into this site, what sequences flank the transposing?

5' GACTC 3', 5' CTCAG 3'

DNA polymerase add new nucleotides in what direction?

5' to 3'

If a cell is fused with another cell, which of the following would be the best example of a trans-mechanism of epigenetic control?

A gene that is originally silenced in one cell but expressed in the other is silenced in the hybrid

You are working in a lab that studies ncRNAs. You develop an asssay to isolate ncRNAs and any associated molecules. You must then identify the molecules you have isolated. You find a molecule that is associated with an ncRNA that is not changed by protease, RNase, or DNase. The associated molecule is most likely

A small molecule

Allosteric regulation is accomplished by

A small molecule that fits into a site on the enzyme that is not the active site

In eukaryotes, which of the following is similar to the oriC region of prokaryotes?

ARS elements

On a tRNA molecule, where is the amino acid added?

Acceptor stem

Cells are treated with a drug that blocks purine synthesis. Which bases would not be made in those treated cells?

Adenine and Guanine

Mice with a paramutagenic allele of the kit gene have white feet and white spots on their tails. Mice with the paramutable kit allele have brown feet and a brown tail. If you cross mice that are homozygous for the paramutagenic allele with those that are homozygous for the paramutable allele, what will be the phenotype of the progeny?

All mice will have white feet and white spots on their tails.

Which of the4 following molecular mechanisms used in epigenetic gene regulation?

All of these choices are corerect

A bacterial ncRNA called OxyS regulation translation by binding to the Shine-Dalgrarno sequence, which prevents ribosome binding. What is the function of this ncRNA?

Blocker

What gene is/are encoded in the Xic?

Both the Tsix and Xist are genes are in the Xic region

What causes the black color of urine in alkaptonuria?

Build up of homogentisic acid

Ribozymes are RNA molecules with what type o activity?

Catalytic

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of DNA replication in which both parental strands remain together following replication?

Conservative

A mutation in the iron response protein (IRP) that made it incapable of binding iron would result in _____.

Constitutive transferrin receptor and no ability to stimulate ferritin expression.

Into which gene of the CRISPR-Cas system are fragments of bacteriophage DNA inserted?

Crispr

Genomic imprinting is a result of

DNA methylation

You have isolated what appears to be alien DNA. While studying its replication, you preformed the exact experiment Meselson and Stahl did. After three generations, the DNA is subjected to a CsCl gradient and only one band appears. What type of replication does this DNA undergo?

Dispersive

The major and minor grooves are features of what DNA structure?

Double Helix

61 different tRNAs are required for translation

False

Bacteriophage lambda is an example of a virulent phage

False

DNA that contains actively transcribed genes would most likely contain chromatin in the closed configuration.

False

The formation of an open complex occurs at GC rich regions of DNA due to the decreased number of hydrogen bonds

False

The function of PIWI proteins is to enhance the insertion of Trnaspoable elements, allowing them to be passed from parent to offspring.

False

The lac Oberon has 3 operator sites. These sites are redundant, and only one is necessary for the repression of the lac operant.

False

An enzyme catalyze a substrate into a final product. When the concentration of the final product is high enough, it binds to a regulatory site on the enzyme. This binding at the regulatory site changes the shape of the enzyme, which prevents it from binding the substrate and prevents the formation of more final product. This is an example of

Feedback inhibition

In eukaryotic cells evolved such that lagging strand DNA synthesis could occur continuously (without the use of Okazaki fragments), what enzyme would likely no longer be needed for DNA replication.

Flap endonuclease

What do both the rho-dependent and rho-independent mechanisms of termination have in common?

Formation of a stem-loop structure

The ncRNA HOTAIR recruits what type of proteins to target genes?

Histone-modifying complexes

The CRISPR-Cas system in bacteria is most similar to what system in vertebrates

Immune system

In eukaryotic organisms, the processing of the 45S rRNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rRNA occurs where?

In the nucleolus

With which injection did Mellow and Fire observe the lowers amount of mex-3 probe staining?

Injected with double-stranded RNA

What part of the transposing is recognized by transposase?

Inverted repeat

Characteristics of Z-DNA

Left handed helix, 12 BP, Bases tilted from central axis

Functionally, how does methylation alter gene expression?

Methylated cytokines are found in the major groove, and interfere with the binding of transcription factors

Which of the following is correctly matched with its discription

Moderately repetitive DNA contains transposable elements and genes that are expressed in abundance and thus have many copies

Select the phage tho proteins that function as anti terminators.

N,Q

You are in the lab trying to syntesize DNA in vitro. You are upset because the lab seems to be out of dNTPs but you find a tube of dNMP in the freezer. You add this to your replication reaction instead of dNTPs. Will your reaction work? Why or why not?

No, cleavage of dNTP drives the formation of the covalent bond between the nucleoside monophosphate and the growing DNA strand.

In numerous studies that investigate gene expression, the mRNA levels of proteins are examined. If one is interested in the amount of protein being produced, is this the best approach to use?

No, directly determining the amount of protein produced would be best because many steps are involved in regulating protein levels.

What hypothesis was developed from the work with bread mold of Beadle and Tatum

One-Gene/One-Enzyme

In the life-2 allele, the paternal chromosome is imprinted, in the offspring which allele is expressed?

Paternal

In the diagram above the _______ allele is imprinted. In this situation, the imprinted gene is _______.

Paternal; actively transcribed

What activates CREB?

Phosphorylation

What types of amino acids are most responsible for the binding of his tones to DNA?

Positively charged amino acids

Insertion sequences can be identified by which of the following?

Presence of inverted repeats at the end of the sequence

In order of their occurrence what are the steps in RNA interference?

Processing of RNA transcript by DGCR8, transport to cytoplasm, processing by Dicer, binding to RISC, binding to target mRNA

Where does the process of transcription initiate?

Promoter

In the lac operon, the CAP site is located next to the ______. When both lactose and glucose are present, this leads to a rate of transcription that is _______.

Promoter; low

Which of the following recognizes response elements, control elements, and regulatory elements?

Regulatory transcription factors

Prior to secretion, proteins must first be targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes. What RNA-protein complex plays an integral role in the targeting process?

SRP

What effect would disabling exportin 5 have on RNA interference?

SiRNAs could still carry out RNA interference, but interference by miRNAs would not occur.

SmY RNAs are a family of ncRNAs in nematodes that are thought to be involved in a special type of RNA splicing. Based on this function, SmY RNAs are most likely members of which category of ncRNAs?

SnRNA

What general transcription factor is most often affected by regulatory transcription factors?

TFIID

What is the role of TFIID

TFIID binds to the TATA box, and is necessary for the recruitment of RNA polymerase

A hi stone variant is usually found at the +1 positive of a transcriptional start site. What would be a useful characteristic of this histone?

THe histone variant is not tightly bound to the DNA, making it easier to remove

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the high fidelity of DNA synthesis of DNA Pol III?

The DNA polymerase has the ability to change the structure of the base in order to form the correct bond.

X-chromosome inactivation is necessary because

The X-chromosome contains large amount of non-sex specific genes, and males and females are adapted to having these gene products at similar levels.

What is unusual about the 5' cap found on almost all eukaryotic mRNAs?

The nucleotide added is a guanine methylated at N7 and the bond is created between the phosphate group on the guanine and the phosphate on the terminal nucleotide

What is unusual about the 5' cap found on almost all eukaryotic mRNAs?

The nucleotide added is a guanine, and it is connected to the adjacent nucleotide by a 3'-3' bond with the terminal nucleotide

What is true according to the adaptor hypothesis?

The position of an amino acid within a polypeptide is determined by the binding of mRNA with a tRNA carrying a specific amino acid.

The peptidyl transferase is a component of

The ribosome

Which of the following is not correct concerning the initiation of bacterial replication?

The strand are initially sparated at GC-rich regions of DNA.

Where does the mRNA/tRNA codon-anticodon recognition take place?

The surface between the two ribsomal subunits

The RNA transcript is complementary to

The template strand of DNA

A deletion in an operon removes the promoter. How will that affect the transcription that is produced from teh operon?

The transcript will not be produced

Which of the following stops the replication of DNA in prokaryotes?

Thus proteins

What enzyme is responsible for the movement of transposons

Transposase

Which of the following encode polycistronic mRNA?

Trp operon, Lac operon

Antibiotics can be designed to inhibit bacterial translation without affecting eukaryotic translation

True

Because of alternative splicing, a pre-mRNA could generate a dozen different mRNAs.

True

During elongation, the polypeptide is removed from the tRNA in the P site and transferred to the amino acid in the A site.

True

High numbers of LINEs and SINEs may be due to transposable element activity

True

In Arabidopsis, the FLC gene is necessary to promote flower development.

True

Methylation of DNA bases is one way that regulatory transcription factors may inflict gene expression.

True

Prokaryotic genes are coli near with their proteins, but this is not true for many eukaryotic genes.

True

What snRNP binds to the 5' splice site and is released after the 5' end of the intron is attached to the branch site?

U1

The majority of the non repetitive genes in an organism are found in which of the following?

Unique sequences

The pyrimidine bases are

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Small regulatory RNAs and Long Regulatory RNAs are categories of what?

ncRNAs

A particular gene has a mutation in its NFR that causes it to bind abnormally tightly to his tones. What effect would you expect this mutation has on the expression of this gene?

the expression of the gene would be abnormal low or absent.