Joints

(NEED IMAGE)Examine the sequence of images below. These show a total hip replacement. Why is this arthroplastic procedure considered a total replacement, and not partial? 1 the head of the femur is completely replaced by a prosthesis 2 the acetabulum is replaced by an artificial acetabulum 3 part of the shaft of the femur is replaced A: 1 only B: 2 only C: 3 only D: both 1 and 2 E: both 1 and 3

2 only

A gomphosis is which type of joint? A: fibrous and a suture B: fibrous and a sydesmoses C: cartilaginous and a synchondrosis D: cartilagenious and a symphysis E: synovial

B

Because it is an immovable joint, the sagital suture, which joints the two parietal bones of the skull, is classified as a A: diarthrosis B: synarthrosis C: synovial joint D: ampiarthrosis E: cartilaginous joint

B

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are connected by pads of fibrocartilage (the intervertebral discs). The articulations between adjacent vertebrae are called __________. A: synchondroses B: symphyses C: gomphoses D: synovial joints E: syndesmoses

B

The radioulnar joint allows a person to turn their hands so that the palms face anteriorly (as in anatomical position) or to face posteriorly. The radioulnar joint is an example of what type of synovial joint? A: plane B: pivot C: condyloid D: saddle E: hinge

B

Which of the following is an example of a uniaxial joint? A: saddle joint between the thumb and trapezium of the wrist B: hinge joint of the elbow C: joint between metacarpal and proximal phalyanx D: ball and socket joint between scapula and humerus E: plane joints between carpal bones (wrist)

B

In which of the following types of joints are the bones that are held together by cartilage, with no synovial cavity? A: syndesmosis B: suture C: symphysis D: diarthrosis

C

This joint is a complex and weight-bearing joint, and is the most frequently injured joint in the body. The articular surfaces of the bones do not have complementary surfaces, so the stability of the joint depends mostly on its ligaments and the muscles that move the joint. A: sacroiliac joint B: shoulder joint C: hip joint D: knee joint E: pubis symphysis

D

Which of the following could contribute to a decreased range of motion if a person wore a cast for several weeks which prohibited movement at a particular joint, such as the elbow? A: decrease in synovial fluid thus reducing lubrication of the joint B: muscle atrophy thus resulting in weakness in the muscles that would move and stabilize the joint C: reduced flexibility of the tendons and ligaments at the joint D: all of these E: none

D

Which of the following is not a function of synovial joint: A: provide lubrication in the joint and reduce friction between articular surfaces B: act as a medium for the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients C: act as a medium for the diffusion of metabolic wastes such as CO2 D: maintain sterile environment within the joint cavity E: shock absorption

D

Which type of joint confers the greatest range of motion? A: hinge B: planar C: saddle D: ball and socket E: condyloid

D

A fibrous joint in which there is a greater distance between articulating surfaces and more dense irregular CT than in a suture is called a: A: gomphosis B: synchondrosis C: symphysis D: synostosis E: syndesmosis

E

This joint is the largest and most complex of the body, and consists of three joints contained within its synovial cavity. A: temporomandibular B: elbow C: shoulder D: hip E: knee

E

Which factors help to keep the articular surfaces in contact and affect range of motion? A: structure or shape of articular bones B: strength and tension of the joint ligaments C: arrangement and tension of the muslces D: contact of soft parts E: all choices

E

Which of the following contributes the most to holding the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity in the shoulder joint: A: the articular capsure B: coracohumeral ligament C: glenohumeral ligament D: glenoid labrum E: musclces of rotator cuff

E

Which of the following is a type of angular movement? A: flexion B: extension C: abduction D: adduction E: all

E

A synarthrosis is a freely movable joint. T/F

F

A translocation is the displacement of a bone from a joint with tearing of ligaments, tendons, and articular capsules. T/F

F

Ball-and-socket joints are triaxial (multiaxial), because they allow motion around three axes (flexion -extension, abduction -adduction, and rotation). T/F

T

During pregnancy, the hormone relaxin will increase the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and of ligaments of the pelvic bones that will allow expansion of the pelvic outlet during delivery of the baby. T/F

T

The ________ joint is a combined hinge and planar joint formed by the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

temporomandibular joint

Some synovial joints contain special crescent-shaped pads that provide additional shock absorption, and provide for a better fit between the articulating surfaces of the bones. These special pads are called A: menisci B: labra C: fat pads D: bursae E: tendon sheaths

A

Which of the following is an example of a pivot joint? A: atlanto-axial joint that allows atlas to rotate around axis B: knee joint C: intertarsal joint D: carpometacarpal joint E: hip joint

A

Which of the following would not be a common occurrence at joints due to aging? A: ligaments become stretched and lengthen B: amount of synovial fluid produced decreases C: osteoarthritis due to wear and tear on joints can occur D: articular cartilages becomes thinner E: exervicse can help an older person maintain their range of motion

A

Most of the freely movable joints of the body could be classified both structurally and functionally as __________. A: cartilaginous and synarthroses B: synovial and diarthroses C: cartilaginous and amphiarthroses D: synovial and amphiarthroses E: fibrous and diarthroses

B

(NEED IMAGE) Study the below image. Which letter represents a layer composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers? A: A B: B C: C D: D E: G

C

A body builder is doing curls, a type of arm exercise, with hand weights. In a curl, the body builder bends his arm and brins the weight closer to his or her shoulder. What type of movement is this? A: rotation B: extension C: flexion D: abduction E: hyperextension

C

A child has learned how to draw circles in the air by moving the distal end of the index finger while holding the rest of his hand still. What type of movement? A: abduction B: adduction C: circumduction D: rotation E: protraction

C

When walking down stairs or a steep hill, the knee is flexed. Which structure prevents the tibia from sliding too far posteriorly, and the femur from sliding too far anteriorly? A: patellar ligament B: ACL C: PCL D: medial meniscus E: lateral meniscus

C

(NEED IMAGE) Identify the structure on this image labeled C. A: articulating bone B: articular capsule C: fibrous membrane D: synovial membrane

D

A common facial expression which indicates shock or surprise is when one's mouth drops open. The chin drops and the mouth opens wide. What type of movement is this (hint: it occurs at the temporomandibular joint)?| A: flexion B: abduction C: hyperextension D: depression E: eversion

D

Shoulder and hip joints are examples of which type of synovial joint? A: pivot B: hinge C: planar D: ball and socket E: saddle

D

While the bones of this joint may fracture, they rarely become dislocated. The articular capsule and accessory ligaments of this joint make it one of the strongest structures in the body. A: temporomandibular B: elbow C: shoulder D: hip E: knee

D

Adduction is the movement of bone away from midline; abduction is movement of bone toward the midline. T/F?

F

By age 20, nearly everyone has some evidence of osteoarthritis in their joints. T/F

F

The joints most commonly replaced by arthroplasty are the intervertebral joints, the elbow joint, and the knee joint. T/F

F

In a pivot joint, the rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament. T/F

T

Symphyses are a type of cartilaginous joint. All symphyses occur at the midline of the body, and not in the extremities. T/F

T

Tendon sheaths are similar to bursae in structure, but wrap tendons in areas where they receive a great deal of frictional wear and tear, such as the wrists and ankles, and where tendons pass through synovial cavities. T/F

T

The fibrous membrane of the articular capsule of a synovial joint is a thickened continuation of the periosteum of the bones that articulate at the joint. T/F

T

The fluid in bursae is similar to synovial fluid. T/F

T

The joint between the atlas and axis vertebrae is an example of a pivot joint. T/F

T

The temporomandibular joint is synovial, has a meniscus for additional shock absorption, and is the largest freely movable joint of the skull. T/F

T

While playing soccer, Maria sustained an injury in which she over-stretched some of the ligaments in her left knee. No bones or muscles were injured. It would be correct to describe her knee injury as a sprain, and not a strain. T/F

T

In a _______ joint or ellipsoidal joint, the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone.

condyloid

A ________ is a cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is hyaline cartilage.

synchondrosis