Josef Mengele

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S10

After the "operation," he had to work in the Auschwitz sewing room without painkillers. Among other things, he had to clean bloody medical instruments. Once, he had to spend the whole night in a bath of ice-cold water because Mengele wanted to "test" his lung function. Altogether, Ganon spent six and a half months in the concentration camp's hospital.

As the Russians advanced towards Poland, and it became clear that the Germans were losing the war on the Eastern Front, many records at Auschwitz-Birkenau were destroyed by the SS guards there

Despite his home life, Josef is remembered in Gunzburg as a pleasant child. No one could have guessed that he would later do his gruesome work. He was a good student according to his teachers. As he grew he developed into a handsome man that processed a certain self-confidence.

Dr. Josef Mengele received an assignment in 1943 to go to Auschwitz, Poland (a concentration camp). Auschwitz was a gruesome death camp of human suffering. Mengele's job was to perform experiments and research on human genetics. Instead of helping science he just added more and more human suffering with his experiments. He was distinguished from other doctors as a ruthless, cold-blooded killer. He had a power where he could decide if you lived or died right there on the spot within seconds. You weren't a person to him you were merely a specimen. He ordered nongermans with diseases straight to the gas chamber while Germans he spared.

Dr. Josef Mengele was a German SS doctor in charge of the medical team at the Auschwitz concentration camp where Jews were taken for extermination

S3 Holden, Wendy. "MENGELE OF THE BABIES BABIES." Mail on Sunday n.d. n. pag. Ebsco. Web. 1 Feb. 2018

Dr. Josef Mengele was known as "The Angel of Death in Auschwitz 11- Birkenau.

S5 Herald & Review (Decatur, IL) 17 Nov. 2007: Newspaper Source.EBSCO. 1 Feb. 2018

Gypsy twins who had been taken away for surgery returned to join at the back. Mengele had tried to create conjoined twins by attaching them and joining blood vessels together. The boys screamed day and night until they died three days later. Out of 1,500 sets of twins subjected to the Mengele experiments, fewer than 200 individuals survived

He fled from Auschwitz in January 17, 1945 shortly before the Soviet Army troops arrived at the camp. He spent a few weeks at the Gross-Rosen concentration camp and then made his way westwards when this camp was also evacuated. He was captured by American troops but was released by them as they did not know his identity as a war criminal.

He later joined a nationalistic organization called "Stalhem or steel helmets" in 1931. They shared the same beliefs as the Nazis. He also began to grow an interest in human genetics. His interests grew right at the time when a number of Germans were saying some people had unworthy life. He began making himself known. He began to strive in his efforts to distinguish himself to both gain renown and respect as a scientific researcher.

He soon became an official member of the S.S. By the age of 28 he had climbed to the position of great respect and power. In the same year he earned his medical degree. In July 1939 Mengele married Irene. Their marriage wasn't allowed for a long time before they knew that there was no sign of Jewish heritage in her. After their marriage and the birth of their son, war broke out. In 1940 he began to fight as a soldier. Wounds he received kept him from returning to combat. In January 1942 Mengele joined the medical corps of Waffen 55's Viking division.

He specialized in twins aged from five and upwards and murdered them by dissecting them into pieces after the experiments were over. He injected chemicals into the eyes of the children in order to change the color of their eyes, stitched twins together, and removed organs and limbs by surgical procedures without using any anesthetic.

He was mainly responsible for selecting the persons who should be exterminated immediately in the gas chambers and the persons who should be allowed to live to work as laborers. He had already been doing experiments on twins in the 1930s. At Auschwitz he got the free license to perform all sorts of horrible and agonizing experiments on the Jewish and Gypsy twins especially children which usually killed or maimed them for life.Another of his pet experiments was on heterochromia where the color of irises in two eyes of a person differs from one another. He injected chemicals into the eyes to try change the color artificially.He also conducted experiments on 'Noma' which is a type of gangrene that destroys the tissues and mucous membrane of the mouth.

He was never arrested in spite of the efforts of the West German government, clandestine operations of Mossad and others and eluded capture for thirty-four years.

S7 "Who is Josef Mengele? Everything You Need to Know." Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline, Editors, TheFamousPeople.Com, 26 July 2017, www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/josef-mengele-7337.php.

He was nicknamed the 'Angel of Death' as he had tortured and killed thousands of men, women and children by subjecting them to horrible experiments using drugs, pressure chambers, blood transfusions, castrations, freezing chambers, lethal germs, sex change operations, removal of organs and surgeries without any anesthesia.

He was unwittingly helped in this by the International Committee of the Red Cross who provided travel papers for people as a humanitarian gesture. With a false name, identity and Italian residency papers, Mengele moved to Argentina in 1949

He was wounded in battle and returned to Germany in January 1943 to join the 'Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthrpology, Human Genetics and Eugenics'. He was promoted to the rank of SS-Captain in April 1943. He was transferred to Auschwitz on May 30, 1943 under garrison physician SS-Captain Dr. Eduard Wirths. He was given the responsibility of a medical officer looking after 'Gypsy camp' at Birkenau in the spring of 1943. Several weeks after the liquidation of this camp, Mengele was appointed as the Chief Camp Physician of Auschwitz II or Birkenau in November 1943.

S8 Fox , Whitney. "The Life of Josef Mengele." The Life of Josef Mengele, 2003, www.kawvalley.k12.ks.us/schools/rjh/marneyg/03_holocaust-projects/03_fox_mengele.htm

His mother was Walburga Mengele. His father was Karl Mengele. They lived in the Bavarian Village of Gunzburg. His father was a local industrialist who owned a local plant that manufactured farming equipment. Walburga was the one everyone feared. She had a terrible temper and would come to the factory to criticize the workers terribly. Their mother forced them to be devout Catholic. She was just as demanding to her husband

S6 Cohen, Baruch C. "Nazi Medical Experimentation: The Ethics Of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments." Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2018.

Holocaust survivor Susan Vigorito found the use of the word "data" a sterile term. She was 3½ when she and her twin sister, Hannah, arrived at Auschwitz.

However, it is his experiments on twins that have condemned Mengele to infamy. Mengele was fascinated by the study of genes and he wanted to find out if he could 'change' identical sets of twins by operating on them and performing experiments on them that had no scientific basis.

In 1937 he joined the Nazi Party. In 1938 he got his medical degree and joined the SS the same year. He was drafted into the army in 1940 and volunteered to join the medical service of the Waffen-SS. During the summer of 1940 he became the medical expert for the RHSA or 'Rasse und Siedlungshauptamt' at their 'Central Immigration Office' situated in North East Posen.

In 1979, while swimming in the sea in Brazil, Mengele suffered a stoke and drowned. He was buried as 'Wolfgang Gerhard' at Embu. However, his family later admitted that they had sheltered him and that Wolgang Erhard was indeed Mengele. In 1992, DNA samples from the body matched those of his son and wife.

S4 Tagliani-Ribeiro, Alice. "Twin Town in Southern Brazil: A Nazi's Experiment or a Genetic Founder Effect?" PloS one 6.6 (2001): e20328. PennText. Web. 1 Feb. 2018

In Candido Godol , Southern Brazil it is known as twin town because of the high frequency of twins. In order to find the cause of this they had to look deeper. Mengele would have arrived in Candido Godol around 1963 but would not have visited the city until 1968. After the visit the occurrence of twin births between the period of 1964-1968 and the remaining years. As expected, this was a result of The Nazi experiments conducted by Dr. Josef Mengele and his obsession with twins.

It was Mengele who is principally associated with selecting those who were gassed on arrival and those who survived. Known as the "Angel of Death", a flick of the wrist immediately condemned some to the gas chambers, while others were deemed able to work for a while before being murdered.

Josef Mengele joined the 'Institute for Hereditary Biology and Racial Hygiene', Frankfurt, in January 1937 as an assistant to Dr. Otmar von Verschuer who was famous for his research on twins.

Josef Mengele was born on March 16, 1911 in Gunzburg, near Ulm in Germany. His father, Karl Mengele, was a farming equipment manufacturer and his mother was Walburga Hupfauer.

Josef Mengele without a doubt had to be affected somehow by his mother's wrath. Josef described his mother as not capable of loving.

Josef's father wished for him to work at his factory but Josef wanted to have a career in science and anthropology. He wanted to leave Gunzburg. Soon he was accepted to the University of Munich. Mengele majored in Philosophy and Medicine. At the time Munich was the heart of the growing Nazi Socialist party and was led by Adolf Hitler. Hitler was using Munich as a place where he could gain German domination. Mengele taking the side of the Nazi Socialist party.

Mengele is mainly known for is experiments. He promoted medical experiments on inmates especially twins and dwarfs. Twins fascinated him. He held experiments on nearly 1500 sets of twins between 1943 and 1944. Of the 3000 twins that passed through his lab only 200 survived.

Mengele moved to Argentina in 1949. He moved from one South American country to another to avoid being captured like Adolf Eichmann. He also lived under a number of aliases.

S9 Trueman, C N. "Josef Mengele ." History Learning Site , Moocow, 22 May 2015, www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/holocaust-index/josef-mengele/

Mengele was born on March 16th, 1911. His early years seemed normal - he was deemed to be an intelligent and popular person in his home town. After leaving school, Mengele went to Munich to study philosophy. After this, he studied medicine at Frankfurt University. By the time he had finished his medical studies, his beliefs were starting to show in a Nazi Germany where racism was rife. His dissertation was a study into the differences in the lower jaw between different racial groups.

S11 Conference, Claims. "Personal Statements From Victims of Nazi Medical Experiments." Claims Conference, www.claimscon.org/about/history/closed-programs/medical-experiments/personal-statements-from-victims/.

Place of Persecution: Auschwitz Dates: April 1943 to May 1945 "The experiment was done to me in Auschwitz, Block 10. The experiment was done on my uterus. I was given shots in my uterus and as a result of that I was fainting from severe pain for a year and a half. [Years later,] Professor Hirsh from the hospital in Tzrifin examined me and said that my uterus became as a uterus of a 4-year-old child and that my ovaries shrank."

Professor Han Grebe quotes, "There was nothing in his personality to suggest that he would do what he did." (As a SS doctor at Auschwitz). He began to attend lectures by Dr. Ernest Rudin. Dr. Rudin believed that not only were some lives not worthy but doctors had the responsibility to destroy such life. Rudin was drafted to assist the Law for the Protection of Heredity Health when Hitler caught sight of Rudin's beliefs. When the Nazis' took complete control of the German government, Rudin contributed to Nazi decree the called for sterilization of people that had some kind of gene flaw such as blindness, deafness, and so on.