KAAC Practice Questions

This Portuguese pioneer supervised the construction of the vessels used for Vasco da Gama's 1497 voyage to India. Earlier he led the first expedition to sight the Cape of Good Hope in 1488. Name this explorer, who died when his ship was lost at sea near the cape during a storm.

(BARTOLOMEU) DIAS [bahr-toh-loh-MAY-oo DEE-uhs]

This Lebanese-American comedian once prayed to one of Jesus' apostles: "Help me find my way in life, and I will build you a shrine." Who founded St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis in 1962 to help find a cure to childhood cancer?

(DANNY) THOMAS

Polio bound this statesman to a wheelchair. He combatted the Great Depression with the New Deal, and guided the country through most of World War II. Give this four term, longest serving President of the United States.

(FRANKLIN DELANO) ROOSEVELT

In 2011, he protested the beating of a homeless African-American man by the son of a white police officer. The next year, as a member of a neighborhood watch, he shot and killed a black teenager. Who was acquitted in 2013 for killing Trayvon Martin?

(GEORGE) ZIMMERMAN

Neo-impressionists were led by this artist, who rejected the spontaneity of Impressionism. Who was this artist, known for such pointillist works as Study for a Sunday on La Grande Jatte?

(GEORGES) SEURAT

Born Virginia Katherine McMath in Missouri, this famous dancer received her nickname from a younger cousin who couldn't pronounce "Virginia". Family member say she danced before she could walk. Who is this dancer who partnered with Fred Astaire for

(GINGER) ROGERS

This dancer won a Best Actress Oscar for her role as Kitty Foyle. She played opposite her best known partner in films such as The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle and Shall We Dance. Name this longtime dance partner of Fred Astaire.

(GINGER) ROGERS (Accept: (VIRGINIA) MCMATH)

This award went to pianist singer-songwriters--Alicia Keys and Norah Jones--in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Esperanza [es-puh-RON-zuh] Spalding won it in 2011. Which Grammy Award goes to a musician making his or her first big splash on a national leve

(GRAMMY AWARD FOR) BEST NEW ARTIST

Abraham Lincoln called him his "ideal of a statesman," and he was called "The Western Star" by his admirers. What Kentucky politician helped forge both the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, becoming known as the "Great Compromiser"?

(HENRY) CLAY

Along with Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun, this statesman was a part of the Great Triumvirate. He was a proponent of the American system, promoting infrastructure and tariffs, and ran for President three times. Name this Whig statesman who represe

(HENRY) CLAY

As one of the figureheads of the American Great Triumvirate, he was a key player in the passing of the Missouri Compromise. Who is this Kentucky lawmaker, known as "The Great Compromiser"?

(HENRY) CLAY

His English and Dutch sponsors encouraged him to find a Northeast Passage through the Arctic Ocean. Identify this explorer, who gave his name to a North American strait, river, and bay.

(HENRY) HUDSON

This hurricane became the largest one in diameter in the Atlantic as it moved northward along the East Coast of the United States. It caused particularly severe damage in New Jersey and New York. Identify this 2012 storm, whose storm surge flooded streets, tunnels, and subway lines in New York.

(HURRICANE) SANDY

In 1940, this dancer began working with the American Ballet Theatre, first as a soloist, and then as a choreographer. His first ballet, Fancy Free, was set to the music of Leonard Bernstein. Who also choreographed the Broadway hits West Side Story and Fiddler on the Roof?

(JEROME) ROBBINS

This American dancer and choreographer has worked in ballet, Broadway musicals, and movies. Who is this choreographer more famous for the dances in West Side Story?

(JEROME) ROBBINS

Some visitors claim that this folk hero's likeness is carved into Big Bend Tunnel. After earning his freedom, he gained fame by creating two 7-foot holes in half an hour, using only two twenty-pound hammers. Name this steel driving man, who died shortly after defeating a steam drill.

(JOHN) HENRY

This word originally referred to the large collection of islands in the Aegean Sea. Countries that are built on them include the United Kingdom, Indonesia and Japan. Give the name of this landform, a volcanic or tectonic cluster of islands.

ARCHIPELAGO [ARK-ih-pehl-ah-go]

This city-state was home to men such as Socrates and Pericles [PER-uh-kleez]. It was home to the Parthenon [PARTH-uh-non], is the birthplace of democracy, and warred with Sparta until being crippled by plague. Name this city which is today the capital

ATHENS

This Greek titan fathered the nymphs Hesperides [hes-PAYR-uh-deez] and Calypso. What titan's enduring punishment was to hold up the sky?

ATLAS

This institution was a cornerstone of Alexander Hamilton's fiscal policy, and it was opposed by Thomas Jefferson. It provided for the issuing of a stable national currency. Name this institution, which also regulated private banks chartered by several states.

BANK OF THE UNITED STATES

Examples of this dramatic element include stage left, upstage, and downstage. Actors must practice it consistently so that they know where to be in each scene. Identify the performance element of drama that tells the actors where to go and how to move onstage.

BLOCKING (Accept word forms)

This mountain system, part of the Appalachians, includes the Unaka [YOO-nuh-kuh] Mountains. It contains the highest mountains in North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia. What colorfully named chain includes the Great Smoky Mountains?

BLUE RIDGE (MOUNTAINS)

This dance was performed by the temple virgins of ancient Greece. It is the root word for the profession of those who arrange dance moves. What is this ancient ring dance?

CHOROS

This group of characters wore masks, sang and danced, and had a designated "leader." Often representing townspeople, the group commented on the action, offering a final moral lesson. Name this standard entity in classical Greek drama.

CHORUS

This musical term is the Italian word for "tail." In notation, this section of a piece is usually marked by a circle with a cross through it. What four-letter term is used to identify the section of a piece used to bring it to its conclusion, and begi

CODA [KOH-duh]

About half of this legal document deals with contracts and issues regarding family or relationship matters Written in the Akkadian language. What is this code, the most complete version of Babylonian laws?

CODE OF HAMMURABI (Accept: HAMMURABI'S CODE)

At one time in European history this country was part of a larger area known as Bohemia. Identify the European country with its capital at Prague.

CZECH [CHECK] REPUBLIC (Not: CZECHOSLOVAKIA)

A member of this tribe, Sequoyah, created its unique writing system. Identify this Native American nation that inhabited Tennessee and North Carolina

CHEROKEE

This Greek goddess taught mankind the art of sowing and plowing so that man could end his nomadic existence. She is considered the earth goddess "par excellence" since she can bring forth the fruits of the earth. What goddess, the sister of Zeus, wa

DEMETER [dih-MEE-ter]

In ballet, this term beginning with the letter D means half or small. What is this prefix applied to other ballet terms, like plie [plee-a] and pointe [point], to indicate a smaller or lesser version.

DEMI [DIM-ee]

This political party dominated politics between 1800 and 1824, when they put three Presidents in the White House. Led by Jefferson and Madison, it supported good relations with France, states' rights, and the superiority of the small farmer. Identify

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN (PARTY)

This school of dance was founded in 1915 in California. Martha Graham was one of this school's most famous students. Identify this school founded by the husband and wife team of Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn.

DENISHAWN (SCHOOL OF DANCING AND RELATED ARTS)

First and last name required. The decision involving him was later overturned by Plessy v. Ferguson. The Supreme Court ruled that, being an African American, he was not a citizen and could not sue. Who was this escaped slave?

DRED SCOTT

A precursor to this TV show was The Outdoor Channel's "Buck Commander" program. The show opens with "Sharp Dressed Man" by ZZ Top. What is this iconic show featuring Luke, Jep, Sadie, Willie and Uncle Si Robertson?

DUCK DYNASTY

These changes in music may be sudden or gradual. The music's volume is the basis for this element of music. Identify this musical term that is symbolized by such musical markings as crescendo and decrescendo.

DYNAMICS

These types of dance are native to a particular country or nationality. The hora is an example of this type of dance from Israel. What is this type of dance that is also exemplified by the polka from Poland?

FOLK (DANCE)

This Greek god became lame when he was thrown from Mount Olympus. What Greek god is the god of fire and volcanoes and is also the blacksmith to the other gods?

HEPHAESTUS

His parents threw him out of Olympus because he was born lame. Apollo brought him back to Olympus, and he eventually became the consort of Aphrodite. Identify the Greek god of fire, volcanoes, and blacksmithing.

HEPHAESTUS [hih-FES-tus]

The Beatles used the rhythms and flavors of this musical style in their song, "And I Love Her." Identify this style of music that includes such dances as the mambo.

LATIN (MUSIC)

The staircase of this building is one of the most famous staircases in history. The staircase dominates this building's vestibule. Identify this building designed by Michelangelo.

LAURENTIAN LIBRARY

This Broadway actress was well-known for playing the female lead in Spring Awakening. What singer has found recent fame by playing Rachel on the hit TV show Glee?

LEA MICHELE (SARFATI)

If you have ever wondered why many restaurants serve more fish dishes in the spring, this religious observance is probably the reason. It lasts from Ash Wednesday until the Saturday before Easter, a total of forty days. During what period of reflection are Christians encouraged to abstain from eating meat or other foods?

LENT

This document was forced on England's King John in 1215 A.D. under a threat of civil war. The concepts of Habeas Corpus and due process are found within its clauses. What do we call this document, which influenced the basic rights expressed in our Constitution and Bill of Rights?

MAGNA CARTA

This title character in a Broadway musical proves that "even if you're little you can do big things". She is a five-year-old genius taught by a mean Miss Trunchbull. Who is this young girl with a love of Dickens and Dostoyevsky?

MATILDA

This nation's Atlas Mountains separate its fertile coastal regions from the Sahara Desert. At its closest point, it is only nine miles across the Strait of Gibraltar to Spain. Identify this nation, whose capital is Rabat [rah-BAHT], but whose largest city is Casablanca.

MOROCCO

According to some ancient Greek sources, this god was the son of Hypnos, the god of sleep. Identify the Greek god of dreams.

MORPHEUS

This art form dates back to at least the 4th century B.C. and was often used in Greek and Roman floors. Identify the art form in which small pieces of colored glass, tile, or stone are set into mortar to make pictures or designs.

MOSAIC

This percussion instrument is native to Latin America. What instrument is a gourd filled with seeds or beans that is shaken?

MARACAS

The civilization headed at one time by Ramses II was centered at the mouth of this river. Its predictable flood cycles allowed early civilizations to flourish. What river has a mouth located in Egypt and is the longest in the world?

NILE (RIVER)

Siddhartha Gautama reached this state as he sat meditating under the Bodhi tree. He reached Enlightenment, awakening to the true nature of reality named this. What is this state of Absolute Truth as well as the name of the rock band formed by Kurt C

NIRVANA

This nation's western coastline is a series of narrow, steep-sided valleys, giving it a jagged coast. About a third of it lies above the Arctic Circle, but warm ocean currents keep most of its harbors ice-free. Name this spoon-shaped European nation, which shares a long border with Sweden.

NORWAY

This ancient region of Africa extended from the first cataract of the Nile River southward almost to the confluence of the Blue and White Nile rivers. Part of it was called Cush by the Egyptians, and Ethiopia by the Greeks. Name this region along the Nile River, located in what is today northern Sudan and southern Egypt.

NUBIA

This Roman goddess's servants, a special class of women, eternally maintained her symbol. Like her Greek counterpart, Hestia [HES-tee-uh], she maintained an eternal flame to symbolize her purity. Identify this goddess of the hearth, whose temple house

VESTA (Not: VESTAL (VIRGINS))

This settlement was founded in 1682 as a port on the Delaware River. It had the nation's first lending library, fire department, and one of the first hospitals, courtsey of concerned citizen Benjamin Franklin. Give this city, the largest in Pennsylvani

PHILADELPHIA

In 1884, this imaginary line was designated to pass through Greenwich, England, and extend from pole to pole. It is used as a starting point for measuring degrees east and west, and forms the basis for the world's time zones. What two-word name is given to this line at zero degrees longitude?

PRIME MERIDIAN (Accept: GREENWICH MERIDIAN)

A North American dwelling, it is also known as a wickiup. The structure consisted of saplings driven into the ground, tied together, and covered with woven bark or rushes. Name this Northeastern Native American term for a dwelling that also begins w

WIGWAM

This musical form is characterized by an ABA format. Popular music is written in what form because it returns to a chorus throughout the song?

RONDO

This practice is indigenous to Japan and is often confused with other religions. Identify this practice, which is ritualistic in nature and states that people become spirits when they die.

SHINTO

Many of this philosopher's teachings were recorded by his students Xenophon [ZEH-nuh-fahn] and Plato. He used a namesake irony and teaching method, which relied on asking students questions. Give this founder of Western philosophy who was forced to co

SOCRATES

He was among the earliest of the Greek philosophers of Athens. Although he wrote nothing that survives today, he is depicted in conversations by his admirers. Name this Greek, who was charged with impiety [im-PAHY-i-tee] and sentenced to death by poisoning.

SOCRATES [SOK-ruh-teez]

This element of drama was featured prominently in plays by Shakespeare. "To be or not to be" and "O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?" are examples of what element, in which a character relates feelings to the audience without directly speaking

SOLILOQUY

One of these dramatic monologues notes that "Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage." Another one, also by Shakespeare, begins with the line "To be or not to be." In what specific type of monologue doe

SOLILOQUY (Accept other forms of the word)

This dynasty, along with the earlier Han [HAHN] and the later Song [SOHNG], was a golden age. It was a time of peace and prosperity, Chinese poetry hit its apex, and woodblock printing was developed. Name this Chinese dynasty that lasted from 618 to 9

TANG [TAHNG] (DYNASTY)

This dance originated as a late 19th century fusion of European and South American folk dances. This contact dance for couples involves leading, back and forth side steps, often done with clasped hands extended from the body. Name this Argentinian danc

TANGO

Followers of this religion emphasize the Three Treasures: compassion, humility, and moderation. It focuses on harmony with nature, and is sometimes called The Way or The Path. Identify this Chinese religious tradition founded by Lao Tzu [LOW (as in "how") DZUH].

TAOISM (Accept: DAOISM)

This element of dance is the speed with which the dance move is performed. In music it also refers to the speed in which a piece of music is played. What is this speed at which music is measured?

TEMPO

This five-letter word refers to the speed at which music is played. What musical term includes such directions as largo [LAHR-goh] and adagio [uh-DAH-joe] to indicate the speed at which the piece should be played?

TEMPO

This brass instrument was first made by an instrument maker in Philadelphia. What is this instrument that J.W. Pepper named after an American composer?

SOUSAPHONE

This brass instrument, beginning with the letter S, was named for a famous composer. What instrument, often used in marching bands, can be described as a wearable tuba?

SOUSAPHONE

Pedro Cabral [kuh-BRAHL] first visited this continent in April 1500 at a point that translates as Mount Easter. But the continent's highest point is Mt. Aconcagua [ah-kawn-KAH-gwah]. Name this continent, whose longest river is the Amazon.

SOUTH AMERICA

This location in a theater is expressed in script directions from the actor's viewpoint, not the audience's. What two-word term is used to identify the area on the far left of the stage as the audience sees it?

STAGE RIGHT

The name of this food dish comes from a Narragansett [na-ruh-GAN(T)-sut] word meaning "boiled corn kernels." What dish is comprised primarily of corn kernels and lima beans or green beans?

SUCCOTASH

This economic concept is the focus of Reaganomics and lowered taxes for the upper class. Since Adam Smith, it has been paired in a capitalistic model with demand. What is this economic measure of how much of a good is available to the market?

SUPPLY

Two answers required. The relationship between these two factors is a critical element in a capitalist economy. The relationship between the two define the allocation of that good or service. Identify these two factors, which refer to the quantity of a commodity, and the number of consumers desiring it?

SUPPLY AND DEMAND

The Ring of the Nibelung was probably his most famous work. Identify this 19th-century German composer, whose works were favorites of Hitler.

(WILHELM RICHARD) WAGNER [VAHG-ner]

This explorer died August 25, 2012. Along with Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin, he flew in Apollo 11. Identify this American astronaut, the first man on the moon.

(NEIL) ARMSTRONG

This type of music contains shorthand notations like "C9(sus4)/E"

...

This hyphenated term is applied to the presumably most "advanced" artists of any given age. What term from the French for "vanguard" refers to people or works of art and literature that are experimental or innovative?

AVANT-GARDE

This two-word term can mean the drawing power or appeal of a theatrical performer. What term also refers to the booth in a theater or stadium where tickets are sold?

BOX OFFICE

This musical texture is also called polyphonic. It was the characteristic texture of Renaissance music. What is this musical texture in which multiple voices are independent from each other?

COUNTERPOINT

This Greek monster was the offspring of Typhon [TYE-fun] and Echidna [ee-KID-nuh]. If one of its heads was cut off, two grew back. Identify this monster, who was slain by Heracles as one of his 12 Labors.

HYDRA

This philosopher published the Theory of Moral Sentiments in 1759. Later, in 1776, he published the Wealth of Nations, which included his famous Invisible Hand metaphor. Identify this economist, the father of modern economics and capitalism.

(ADAM) SMITH

This amendment to the U.S. Constitution shields states from being sued by citizens of other states or foreign countries. It was passed in 1795 to amend Article Three of the Constitution, which gave federal courts the authority to decide such a case. Identify, by number, this amendment, the first to be passed after the adoption of the Bill of Rights.

(AMENDMENT) 11

This composer employed the first use of the trombone glissando in his symphonic poem, Pelleas und Melisande. After becoming a naturalized American citizen in 1947, he received the Award of Merit for Distinguished Achievements. Who was this Austrian-

(ARNOLD) SCHOENBERG

One of this 19th-century French sculptor's first full-scale works is The Age of Bronze. Identify this sculptor who also created other works such as Saint John the Baptist Preaching, The Kiss, and The Thinker.

(AUGUSTE [oh-GOOST]) RODIN [roe-DAHN]

This amendment, according to some, reflects the ancient Roman belief that every citizen was a soldier. It restricts the federal government's power to regulate state militias. Identify the amendment that protects an individual's right to carry and use arms for self-defense.

(Accept: SECOND (AMENDMENT)) (Accept: (AMENDMENT) TWO)

Ballet class usually begins here with warm-up exercises. Identify this long rail that dancers use to help them balance while they work on their technique.

(LA) BARRE

He was a student of Verrocchio [vuh-ROE-kee-OH], and was considered the archetype of the "Renaissance Man." Who was this artist and scientist known for his works The Last Supper and Mona Lisa?

(LEONARDO) DA VINCI

Steps involved in this dance include the double, the triple, and the sugar foot. This contact swing dance was highly popular in the 1920s and 30s. Name this jazz-influenced dance, whose name may have come from a famous aviator.

(LINDY) HOP

This commander handed Horatio Gates an embarrassing defeat at the Battle of Camden in 1780. Name the general who was forced to surrender to George Washington at Yorktown.

(LORD CHARLES) CORNWALLIS

This musical figure is considered the bridge between the Classical and Romantic periods. Who composed nine epic symphonies and became deaf later in life?

(LUDWIG VAN) BEETHOVEN

Nine of his compositions were Top 10 hits on the Billboard Charts. Identify this composer of "The Look of Love" from the movie Casino Royale.

(BURT) BACHARACH

This religious period started with the attempt to counter widespread corruption, beginning with the Council of Trent. What period ended with the Thirty Years War that was fought between the Protestants and those loyal to the pope?

(CATHOLIC or COUNTER) REFORMATION

Many of this composer's works went unappreciated until after his death, although he did win a Pulitzer Prize for his Third Symphony in 1947. His compositions, such as "Variations on America" and "Central Park in the Dark," often reflect his perception of the American experience. Name this composer perhaps best known for his symphony Three Places in New England.

(CHARLES) IVES

He was born in Kentucky and served as a Mississippi Senator until the beginning of the Civil War. Who was the President of the Confederate States of America?

(JEFFERSON) DAVIS

In 1989, this man won a Best Director Tony for a show which was a collection of his earlier works. Besides that show, his namesake Broadway, this man won a Best Choreography Tony for his work on High Button Shoes. Name this choreographer, who created t

(JEROME) ROBBINS (Accept: (JEROME) RABINOWITZ)

This German composer wrote for an organ in both the secular and religious traditions. Who wrote fugues and toccatas as well as his most famous work, the Canon in D?

(JOHANN) PACHELBEL

This navigator was from Portugal, but sailed for Spain in 1519. He left Spain with five ships, but he would be killed on the journey and only one ship would return. Identify this explorer whose fleet was the first to circumnavigate the world.

(FERDINAND) MAGELLAN [muh-JEL-lan]

This location lies between the Phlegethon [FLEG-uh-thahn] and Acheron [ACK-er-ahn] rivers. Its lowest point is the pit Tartarus, which houses villains such as Sisyphus and Tantalus. Name this mythological locale also bounded by the River Styx.

(GREEK) UNDERWORLD (Accept: HADES)

Composers notated this early form of music as pitches written higher or lower than a single line. Named after a beatified "great" pope, its mode derives from its final note. Identify this liturgical [luh-TUR-jick-uhl] genre used in Catholic worship, n

(GREGORIAN) CHANT

Nothing in this ballet by Stravinsky could be considered new. This piece features music that can be described as folk music rooted in the past. What is this ballet that was choreographed by Michel Fokine?

(THE) FIREBIRD

This Union brigadier general was sent to Kentucky, where he succeeded to the command of forces there in 1861. He later distinguished himself at the Battle of Shiloh and was promoted to major general. Name this general, who occupied Atlanta before his celebrated "March to the Sea."

(WILLIAM TECUMSEH) SHERMAN

This military officer succeeded Grant as Commanding General of the Army. Earlier in the Civil War, he employed scorched earth policies, burning everything from Atlanta to Savannah. Name this general, famous for his March to the Sea.

(WILLIAM TECUMSEH) SHERMAN

This composer's wife, Constanze, gave birth to only two children who lived into adulthood. First showing his ability as a boy in Salzburg, what Austrian wrote music for Emperor Joseph II for much of his life?

(WOLFGANG AMADEUS) MOZART

This composer's works are catalogued by "K" numbers. His final symphony, his forty-first, is known as the "Jupiter" symphony, and his Requiem [RECK-wee-um] was finished by other composers after his death. Name this composer of Eine Kleine Nachtmusik [

(WOLFGANG AMADEUS) MOZART

This female athlete in Greek myth participated in male activities such as sailing with Jason and the Argonauts. She also participated in the Calydonian boar hunt when she shot the first arrow that pierced the boar. What Greek maiden lost a race beca

ATALANTA

This musical sings of the Mississippi River in "Muddy Water" and "River in the Rain." Jim sings "Free at Last" in prison, but later learns that Miss Watson has died and freed him in her will. What Best Musical Tony winner is based on Mark Twain's stor

BIG RIVER

After three-fourths of States agreed to ratify them, they became official in December of 1791. What is the collective name for these amendments, of which there are ten?

BILL OF RIGHTS

Eugene Loring was the choreographer for this work based on a 1925 biography written by Walter Noble Burns. Numbers in the ballet include "The Open Prairie," "Card Game at Night," and "Gun Battle." Identify this ballet by Aaron Copland [COPE-lund] about an Old West outlaw.

BILLY THE KID

The "rounded" type of this musical form features a brief return to opening material at the end of the piece. This basic musical form is usually represented as A-B [AY BEE]. Name this two-part musical form, which shares its name with a numerical system

BINARY (FORM)

. Also called honky tonk for the bars where it was played, this style of jazz got its name from a recording by Clarence "Pinetop" Smith. What style of music originated in the 1920s and can be heard in such music as its namesake Bugle Boy of Company B s

BOOGIE-WOOGIE

This lyricist mentored Stephen Sondheim, and partnered with Jerome Kern on Showboat. Another of his partnerships resulted in South Pacific, Oklahoma, and The Sound of Music. Name this Broadway lyricist, the long-time partner of Richard Rodgers.

(OSCAR) HAMMERSTEIN (THE SECOND)

Due to a prosthetic limb, this statesman was often called "Old Silver Leg." Name the last Director-General of New Netherland, forced to surrender to the English.

(PETER) STUYVESANT

Although chants were popular in the early Catholic church, there were many different forms. What pope established a uniform usage of his namesake chants in the Catholic Church?

(POPE) GREGORY (I)

A canon of this church wrote one of the first dance books in 1589. This church was instrumental in everyday life of the 16th century. Identify this church whose influence included even the dance of the day.

(ROMAN) CATHOLIC (CHURCH) (Accept: CATHOLICISM)

An Episcopal cathedral dedicated to this Christian saint and disciple is the largest cathedral in the United States. After what saint is the cathedral named?

(SAINT) JOHN (THE DIVINE)

According to tradition, this saint was a bishop who lived in third-century Rome. He secretly married couples in defiance of the emperor's edict, and was put to death for his crime. What saint's feast day is celebrated on February 14?

(SAINT) VALENTINE (Not: VALENTINE'S DAY)

As a teenager, he lived with the Cherokee Indians in Tennessee, and later became that state's governor in 1827. He became commander-in-chief of the army of Texas in their rebellion against Mexico, and was later president of the Republic of Texas. Name this man, for whom the state's largest city is named.

(SAM) HOUSTON

This French explorer joined with an Algonquian Indian group in 1609 to defeat Iroquois [EER-uh-kwah] raiders along the lake that bears his name today. This helped to increase French and Indian fur trading. Name this man, who is credited with founding the city of Quebec.

(SAMUEL DE) CHAMPLAIN

This composer, the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes, was known for his lyrical and romantic compositions. One of his early compositions, "Music for a Scene from Shelley," was inspired by the Percy Shelley poem "Prometheus Unbound." Identify this American composer best known for his Adagio for Strings.

(SAMUEL) BARBER

According to Greek mythology, they where the brothers of Helen of Troy. What two characters were placed together in the sky as the constellation Gemini?

CASTOR AND POLLUX (ACCEPT: POLYDEUCES) --IN EITHER ORDER

Designed by Frederick Olmsted, this 843-acre site opened in 1859 and includes walks, lakes, and open fields. Identify this famous site which includes a zoo and is bordered to the east by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

CENTRAL PARK

This purpose for the completion of an artwork is one of the most formal purposes. In some instances it may involve tattooing for spiritual representation. What is this art purpose that might be used to honor the participants in a wedding or the deceas

CEREMONIAL

This Roman goddess had cult worshippers throughout the history of Rome. The main celebrations to honor her took place around the time of the harvest. Who was the Roman goddess of grain?

CERES

Because it is intended to be played indoors, this style of music is usually played by small groups of string and woodwind instruments. It was often written to be light entertainment at a party or gathering, but was rarely the sole focus of an event. Which type of music takes its name from the fact that its players were originally sequestered in a separate room from the audience?

CHAMBER (MUSIC)

Finished in 1800, this canvas was done by the official painter to the Spanish court. It displays the subjects in all their royal finery, but does nothing to hide their plain, squat stature. Identify this depiction of the royal family, painted by Francisco Goya.

CHARLES IV OF SPAIN AND HIS FAMILY

A church in this South Carolina city was the scene of a mass killing in 2015. It was declared a hate crime by the city's police chief. Name this city whose harbor held Fort Sumter during the Civil War.

CHARLESTON

This public amphitheater was built on the grounds of Nero's Golden House where an artificial lake had been drained. It was dedicated in a ceremony that included 100 days of games. What do we call this Roman amphitheater, which is one of Rome's main tourist attractions today?

COLOSSEUM [kol-uh-SEE-um]

It is a pitch class that is a member of a musical scale and the transposition of that scale. Give the two-word term for a musical note that remains constant between two chords.

COMMON TONE

Lenin wrote that this form of economic system corresponds to Marx's second stage of socialism. It has largely been identified with the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. Name the system in which all means of production are controlled by the government.

COMMUNISM (Accept word forms)

Zildjian [ZILDGE-an] is one company known for manufacturing these musical instruments. They may be made to "sizzle" by placing a chain or string of beads over the top of one. Types of what percussion instrument include trash, splash, and crash?

CYMBAL(S) (Accept any valid type, such as (RIDE) CYMBAL(S) or (CRASH) CYMBAL(S), etc.)

This dance style became popular in American dance clubs in the 1970s. Identify this style of dance shown in the film Saturday Night Fever.

DISCO (DANCING)

This declaration may not have been legal, simply because it applied to areas of the country not under Union control. It was preceded by a warning in September 1862 that it would be issued unless the states in the Confederacy returned to the Union. By what statement did Abraham Lincoln declare that slaves in the states in rebellion were now free?

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

This nation lies on the northeast corner of Africa. Its major river flows northward through Lake Nasser, past the Aswan High Dam, on its way to the Mediterranean Sea. Name this nation, which operates the Suez Canal, and whose capital is Cairo.

EGYPT

This Muslim holiday translates as "to break the fast." Identify this holy day, which ends the fasting month of Ramadan [RAH-muh-dahn]?

EID AL-FITR [eed ahl FIT-ur]

This four-act opera premiered in France in 1976. What is this opera composed by Philip Glass about the world's greatest genius?

EINSTEIN ON THE BEACH

First and last name answer required. In 1948, she became the first chairwoman of the Commission on Human Rights. Name this woman, who served as First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945.

ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

This dish is traditionally made with different fillings throughout Latin and South America. Identify this Spanish dish, which comes from the native word that means "to wrap" and is commonly served as an appetizer.

EMPANADA [em-puh-NAH-duh]

This element of dance -- the last in the acronym "baste" -- can be described as sharp or smooth, sudden or sustained. What term refers to the force of an action, whether physical or psychic, that characterizes movement?

ENERGY

. This literary term can be subtle or direct and sometimes intentionally used to mislead the reader. Identify this literary device often associated with storytelling that is a way of indicating what will come later in a piece of literature.

FORESHADOWING (Accept other forms of the word)

When Michelangelo sculpted David, he used these two elements of art. What are these two elements of art that are required in any three-dimensional sculpture?

FORM (AND) SPACE

This empire reached its height under Justinian the First. It was founded in A.D., 330 when Constantinople became capital of part of the Roman Empire. What empire fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453?

BYZANTINE (EMPIRE) [BIZ-an-teen]

From Italian, this musical term means "sung." Churches will often perform these compositions during Christmas and Easter services. What compositions for one or more voices usually comprising solos, duets, and choruses are sung to an instrumental ac

CANTATAS

This document is the oldest of its kind still in use. It is composed of seven articles and twenty seven amendments, the first ten of which are the Bill of Rights. Name this plan of government for the United States.

CONSTITUTION (OF THE UNITED STATES)

This Greek hero was the son of Alcmene [alk-MEE-nee] as well as a descendant of Perseus. He was sent to live with Amphitryon [am-FIT-ree-un] when he killed his music tutor. Who performed his 12 Labors after killing his children?

HERAKLES (Accept: HERCULES)

He was a Greek historian who produced the first great narrative history in the ancient world. He traveled widely throughout the Persian Empire, across Egypt and North Africa, which gave him an eye for details. Name this man, who is best known for his "History of the Greco-Persian Wars."

HERODOTUS [huh-ROD-oh-tus]

This Greek geometer and mathematician lived during the first century AD. His Pneumatica [noo MAT ik a] described several mechanical devices including the aeolipile [ee OL uh pahyl], the first steam-powered engine. Identify the man whose most famous

HERON (OF ALEXANDRIA

That's what it's all about is the theme of this children's song and dance. In what dance should you "put your right hand in and shake it all about"?

HOKEY POKEY

In a State of the Union Address, this man asserted that all people should enjoy the four fundamental freedoms "from want, from fear, of speech, and of worship." He urged the U. S. to be the "great arsenal of democracy." Identify this president, who called December 7, 1941 "a date which will live in infamy" in his "Pearl Harbor Address."

FRANKLIN (DELANO) ROOSEVELT

Heroes of this conflict include Braddock, Montcalm, and Washington. Give this war, termed for the factions that warred with the English settlers.

FRENCH AND INDIAN (WAR)

Three classical orders predominate the architecture of this period. Unlike Egyptian architecture, this society's architecture was designed to benefit the general populace. What society's architecture includes the world's most perfect building, the Par

GREECE (ACCEPT: GREEK)

Developed in the Roman Catholic Church around A.D. 600, this style of music is sung without instrumental accompaniment by the choir, and accompanies the text of the mass. It is led by a cantor who sings the opening words of a phrase, which is then finished by the whole choir. What style of music was named for the man who was pope from 590 to 604?

GREGORIAN CHANT

This oceanic flow carries warm water from Florida to Europe. It creates more intense hurricanes, as well as a warmer climate in Northern and Western Europe. Identify this current, named for the body of water where it originates.

GULF STREAM

This Greek character solves the riddle of the Sphinx in a Sophocles play. What man mistakenly murders his father at a crossroads to Thebes and marries his mother, Jocasta?

OEDIPUS (REX)

This ancient Indian culture existed from about 200 B.C. to about 500 A.D., centered mainly in southern Ohio. They raised corn, and maybe beans and squash, but still relied on hunting and gathering. Identify this mound-building culture, which excelled in metalwork, and traded as far away as the Rocky Mountains and Gulf Coast.

HOPEWELL (CULTURE)

Alfred Hitchcock drew inspiration from this painting when creating the Bates Motel in Psycho. Its stern geometric form and lack of vegetation create sense of loneliness that is further imposed by the railroad tracks that divide the viewer from the house. Identify this work that employs the typical harsh lighting employed by Edward Hopper.

HOUSE BY THE RAILROAD

This astronomical observatory was launched in 1990 by Discovery. What large reflecting telescope has provided images of much greater brightness, clarity, and detail than ground-based telescopes?

HUBBLE (SPACE TELESCOPE)

Named for the area in which it developed, the American artists of this school of art are famous for their landscapes. What 19th-century group of landscape artists took a Romantic approach to depicting the area around the Catskill Mountains?

HUDSON RIVER (SCHOOL)

ultiple answer. Thought and memory are the English equivalents for the names of these two Norse mythological creatures. Who were these two ravens that flew all over Midgard and brought information back to Odin?

HUGINN, MUNINN (in either order)

Members of this religious group were the target of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre in 1572. What name was given to Protestants who were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France?

HUGUENOTS [HEW-guh-nots]

This beautiful priestess fell in love with Zeus. Who was this priestess of Hera that Zeus changed into a white cow?

IO

Around the turn of the 20th century, many writers from this country began to publish traditional fairy tales, including Lady Augusta Gregory and William Butler Yeats. The folklore of which European country encompasses the stories of the Ulster Cycle,

IRELAND

Along with Crassus [CRA-shus] and Pompey [POM-pee], this leader was a member of the First Triumvirate [try-UM-ver-it]. He conquered Gaul and invaded Britain before crossing the Rubicon and being proclaimed dictator in perpetuity.

JULIUS (CAESAR) (Not: CAESAR)

This Roman god had a temple that was constructed in Rome. He is sometimes referred to as the "heavenly" as well as the "best and greatest". Identify this god of the sky and thunder.

JUPITER (ACCEPT: JOVE)

In the late 1920s this dance was appearing all over Harlem. It didn't really catch on in the dance world until the Savoy Ballroom named the dance for a famous aviator. What dance was named for Charles Lindbergh in honor of his trans-Atlantic flight i

LINDY-HOP

This element of art is either organic or inorganic. What element is the basis of art and has a starting and stopping point?

LINE

Lines that end this in music can be a standard, double, or have a repeat sign. What do we call a section of music that has a given number of beats?

MEASURE (Accept: BAR)

A leading Federalist, he was elected to Congress in 1799. Identify the chief justice of the Supreme Court who presided over such influential cases as Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland.

MARSHALL

This was the last major prehistoric Indian culture in North America, lasting until the coming of the European explorers. It was scattered throughout the central part of the United States. Name this culture, whose largest earthworks was Monk's Mound in Illinois near St. Louis.

MISSISSIPPIAN (CULTURE)

This compromise, brokered by Henry Clay in 1820, led to the admission of Maine as a free state, and one other state as a slave state. This other state's southern boundary, extended westward, became the dividing line between free and slave territories. Name this compromise, which marked the beginning of the crisis that eventually led to the Civil War.

MISSOURI (COMPROMISE)

It set the thirty-six thirty parallel as a boundary that would determine a state's slave status. Negotiated by Henry Clay, it allowed Maine to enter as a free state while its namesake permitted slavery. What agreement, reached in 1820, is named after

MISSOURI COMPROMISE

Arguably, every economy in world history has been of this type. What is this economic system between capitalism and socialism?

MIXED (ECONOMY)

This painting was one of the first to use sfumato and atmospheric perspective. It is argued that the artist also disguised himself in the portrait of the subject, known as La Giaconda [jah-KAWN-dah] in Italian. Identify this painting by da Vinci, whic

MONA LISA

This empire was the largest contiguous empire in history, and second only to the British Empire. Its rulers included Genghis [JENG-gis] and Kublai [KOO-bligh] Khan, and it controlled China, Persia and Central Asia. Identify this empire which in the 13

MONGOL (EMPIRE)

Many elementary art teachers often instruct their classes in this art form. They will use examples from Byzantine art as a basis for their instruction. What art form uses small pieces of tile, glass, or other media to create an image such as those fo

MOSAICS

Its name is ultimately derived from an Arabic word that means to prostrate oneself. Identify the Islamic structure that would be comparable to a Christian cathedral.

MOSQUE

This musical genre takes its name from the nickname of the city where it was founded. What style was usually popularized by African-American artists such as The Four Tops, Diana Ross and The Supremes, and the Jackson 5?

MOTOWN

An example of this element of art is found in Winslow Homer's Snap the Whip. What element refers to the path your eyes follow when looking at a piece of art?

MOVEMENT

Examples of this dance element include push, pull, dodge, and sway. It can happen when the dancer is stationary, or when he travels through a space. Which element of dance can be classified as locomotor or non-locomotor?

MOVEMENT

You could play games and watch videos in this television personality's neighborhood. Whose neighborhood featured King Friday and Lady Elaine?

MR. ROGERS

This element of art is usually two-dimensional, although it can be combined to create a three-dimensional figure. It can be irregular and organic, or regular and geometric. Examples of which art element include squares, circles, and triangles?

SHAPE

Fairy tales and ballets are often melded, as they are in this ballet. Diaghilev [dee-AH-guh-lef] said this was the first ballet he ever saw, and it was also one that saw George Balanchine's [BAL-un-cheens] stage debut as Cupid. What ballet by Tchaik

SLEEPING BEAUTY

This disease was probable introduced into the American Southeast during the expedition of Hernando de Soto in the 16th century. De Soto's expedition found a vast array of Indian villages, but a century later, Jacques Marquette found far fewer people. Identify this disease, which leaves the face covered with pockmarks, and is highly contagious and deadly.

SMALLPOX

This document was at issue in District of Columbia v. Heller. It provides the right of the people to organize militias and of individuals to keep and bear arms. Name this Constitutional Amendment, a part of the Bill of Rights.

SECOND (AMENDMENT)

Multiple answer required. Identify the words in the following sentence that should capitalized: "The Stephen Foster Story" is performed each summer in Bardstown, Kentucky.

THE, STEPHEN, FOSTER, STORY, BARDSTOWN, KENTUCKY

This element of dance relies on the relationships between the parts of the dance movements. What is this element of dance that in everyday life may be checked on your cell phone or on a clock?

TIME

When a dancer is unaccompanied, he can use his heartbeat to keep track of this element of dance. With musical accompaniment, he can use the music's rhythm and tempo. Name this element of dance that has to do with how fast or slow a movement is performed.

TIME

A sound with a definite pitch is named this. They may sound differently when they are played with different pitches. What is this term for the sound that a musical note makes at a specific pitch?

TONE

Presented by the American Theatre Wing and the League of American Theatres and Producers, this award is the highest recognition given to American plays and musicals. Give the more common name for the Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre.

TONY (AWARD)

This amendment to the U.S. Constitution is the only one that was ratified by state conventions rather than state legislatures. It is also the only amendment that specifically annuls another amendment. Identify, by number, this amendment, which repealed the federal prohibition of the sale of alcohol.

(AMENDMENT) 21

Although this amendment to the U.S. Constitution did not apply to President Harry Truman, he decided not to run for re-election in 1952. This amendment was probably the result of the fact that Franklin Roosevelt had been elected president four times. Identify, by number, this amendment that limited presidents to two terms, or a total of 10 years, in office.

(AMENDMENT) 22

This amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects a person from being charged a second time for a crime after he has been found innocent of it. It is one of the amendments in the Bill of Rights. Identify, by number, this amendment, which also protects people from testifying against themselves.

(AMENDMENT) FIVE

This amendment to the U.S. Constitution forbids Congress to make a law that prohibits people from peaceably assembling. It also forbid laws that restrict the establishment of religion or prohibit its free exercise. Identify, by number, this amendment, one of the Bill of Rights, which also restricts laws that abridge the freedom of speech.

(AMENDMENT) ONE (Accept: FIRST AMENDMENT)

Multiple answer required. These three amendments were ratified between 1865 and 1870, following the Civil War. The first outlawed slavery, and the second granted equal civil and legal rights to African Americans. Identify by numbers, these three amendments, including the third one, which guaranteed former slaves the right to vote.

(AMENDMENTS) 13, 14, 15

This American art term refers to the work of several rural artists of the 1930s. The artists of this movement were generally from the Midwest. Identify this art movement whose most famous artists include Thomas Hart Benton and Grant Wood.

(AMERICAN) REGIONALISM

At the time, this navigator was accused of stealing or sabotaging Columbus' glory and reputation. While Columbus believed the New World was part of Asia, this man showed that it was its own continent.

(AMERIGO [uh-MER-ih-goh]) VESPUCCI [veh-SPYOO-chee]

Gene Kelly and George Gershwin combined talents to create this ballet scene. Identify this ballet and movie in which Gene Kelly plays a painter who falls in love with Leslie Caron in France.

(AN) AMERICAN IN PARIS

He was one of the few Renaissance architects who actually trained in building construction as a stonemason. His buildings and designs exhibit symmetry and a distinct Roman influence. Which architect wrote the treatise titled The Four Books of Architecture?

(ANDREA) PALLADIO [puh-LAH-dee-oh]

This Scottish-American turned to philanthropy at the beginning of the 20th century. Among his major gifts include the library at Syracuse and a university in Pittsburgh. What man was a patron of libraries and the arts, and also constructed a namesake

(ANDREW) CARNEGIE

During his presidency, he dealt with a nullification crisis, as well as critics of his so-called "Tariff of Abominations". Which President was nicknamed "Old Hickory"?

(ANDREW) JACKSON

This commander and politican won the Battles of Horseshoe Bend and New Orleans. While in office, he killed the Second Bank of the United States and initiated the Trail of Tears. Give this seventh President, whose nickname was "Old Hickory."

(ANDREW) JACKSON

First and last name answer. The House indicted this politician for violating the Tenure of Office Act. Despite the Radical Republicans' disapproval, he succeeded Lincoln after the latter's assassination. Identify the seventeenth President of the Unite

(ANDREW) JOHNSON

The editor of one Detroit paper wrote that this political leader was innocent because Senator Benjamin Wade was "guilty of being his successor." The political leader's refusal to submit to the demands of Radical Republicans in Congress resulted in a call for his impeachment. Who was the first president to face impeachment, retaining his office by just one vote?

(ANDREW) JOHNSON

Believing that anything could be worthy of being painted, this artist chose his subjects from grocery store shelves and movie posters. He began mass-producing his works, and printing variations of portraits of famous people in garish colors. Name the Pop artist known for his depictions of Marilyn Monroe and Campbell's soup cans.

(ANDY) WARHOL

This artist was the main creative force behind the "Exploding Plastic Inevitable" multimedia performances. His garishly colored silkscreen prints of celebrities such as Elvis and Marilyn Monroe are among the most valuable works of 20th-century art. The

(ANDY) WARHOL

Beginning in 1907, this dancer was the first to tour the world with her own company. She performed many iconic roles, but is best known for her depiction of the Dying Swan. Name this ballerina credited with bringing Russian dance to the rest of the world.

(ANNA) PAVLOVA [PAH-vluh-vuh]

A dessert was named for this Russian ballerina in the early 1930s. Born in 1881 in St. Petersburg, she studied at the Imperial School of Ballet. Who is this ballerina who is famous for her Dying Swan performance in Swan Lake?

(ANNA) PAVLOVA [PAV-luh-vuh or pav-LOH-vuh]

This Russian woman was the first ballerina to go on a worldwide tour in the 1920s. Michel Fokine [faw-KEEN] choreographed the Dying Swan for what Russian prima ballerina?

(ANNA) PAVLOVA [puv-LAW-vuh]

A native of San Francisco, he broke his nose in the 1906 earthquake and later founded Group f/64 with other photographers. Identify the 20th-century American photographer known for his mostly black and white photographs of the American West and its sce

(ANSEL) ADAMS

He is considered one of the earliest truly American composers. He traveled around the United States in the early 19th century composing orchestral and chamber music. Identify this composer who was the first to conduct a Beethoven symphony in the Unite

(ANTHONY PHILLIP) HEINRICH

The mispronunciation of this architects' surname might describe his work to some. . Who was this Catalan architect who insisted that buildings contain no straight lines?

(ANTONI) GAUDI

This classical composer entered his American phase after he was offered a substantial salary by an American patron. While in America, he composed his Ninth Symphony. Identify this homesick composer of From the New World.

(ANTONIN) DVORAK

This Italian violinist of the Baroque period was nicknamed "The Red Priest." Who is most remembered for composing The Four Seasons?

(ANTONIO) VIVALDI

He was nicknamed "The Red Priest" and was a virtuoso violinist as well as a composer of some 450 concertos. Identify the Baroque Italian composer whose most famous concertos depict the four seasons.

(ANTONIO) VIVALDI [vi-VAHL-dee]

. This Baroque composer was born in Venice in 1678 and was ordained as a priest in 1703. He was portrayed by a playwright of the time as "an excellent violinist, but a mediocre composer." What composer detailed the majesty of seasonal change in his Th

(ANTONIO) VIVALDI [vih-VAL-dee]

This Baroque composer was born in Venice in 1678 and was ordained as a priest in 1703. He was portrayed by a playwright of the time as "an excellent violinist, but a mediocre composer." What composer detailed the majesty of seasonal change in his Th

(ANTONIO) VIVALDI [vih-VAL-dee]

The five clauses included in this amendment include the assembly clause and petition clause. The first clause is called the establishment clause. What amendment also protects the freedoms of speech and the press?

(Accept: FIRST (AMENDMENT)) (Accept: (AMENDMENT) ONE)

This musical symbol began as a way to "soften" the fourth above F in an F scale. In key signature order, F is also the seventh and last note to receive one of these modifications. Identify this type of accidental, which lowers a note by one half step.

(B) FLAT (Accept: (B) FLAT based on first clue)

This man is the son of a African goatherder turned economist. A graduate of Harvard Law School, he became the first African American to edit the Harvard Law Review. After leaving Harvard, he organized Project Vote and worked for the Clinton campaign,

(BARACK) OBAMA

This official was born in Hawaii, an event that inspired the "birther" controversy. His term in office saw the death of Osama bin Laden and the passing of an eponymous healthcare reform bill. Who served in 2012 as President of the United States?

(BARACK) OBAMA

This navigator was part of Cabral's [kuh-BRAWLS] expedition to India which discovered Brazil. In 1488, he reached the Cape of Good Hope and wanted to sail further, but his crew refused and returned to Portugal. Name this explorer, the first European t

(BARTOLOMEU [bahr-too-loo-MEH-oo]) DIAS [DEE-az]

After reaching South Africa, this explorer wanted to continue to India, but his crew forced him to turn back. Which Portuguese explorer is credited with discovering the Cape of Good Hope

(BARTOLOMEU) DIAS [DEE-us

During her time with the New York City Ballet, this choreographer created Fall River Legend, which she based on the story of Lizzie Borden. In 1942, her choreography for Rodeo became the first to integrate tap-dancing and classical ballet. Name this American choreographer, who created the dances for musicals like Brigadoon and Oklahoma!

(AGNES) DEMILLE

He was one of the original Mercury 7 astronauts. On Apollo 14, he hit a golf ball on the surface of the moon. Who was the first American in space?

(ALAN) SHEPARD

This artist was sometimes called the "Leonardo of the North" because of his varied interest in many subjects. He raised printmaking to an art form, and applied the use of hatching to create shadows and depth in his woodcuts. Identify this German artist who, in addition to his many self-portraits, created several paintings and engravings of Saint Jerome.

(ALBRECHT) DÜRER [DYOOR-er]

Along with John Jay and James Madison, this statesman authored the Federalist Papers. He later became leader of the Federalist Party, and was instrumental in establishing a national bank. Identify the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United Stat

(ALEXANDER) HAMILTON

He was born in the West Indies, and died as the result of a duel with the American vice president. He was one of three collaborators who wrote the essays, collectively known as "The Federalist" essays. Name this first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States.

(ALEXANDER) HAMILTON

This man brought more than three thousand criminals to justice, killing only fourteen in his more than thirty years of law enforcement. He escaped slavery and settled in the Indian Territories, where Judge Isaac Parker appointed him a deputy U.S. Marshal. Name this subject of Vaunda Micheaux [VAHN-duh mee-SHOW] Nelson's Bad News for Outlaws.

(BASS) REEVES

This conflict had 23,000 casualties, making it the bloodiest single day of the Civil War. George McClellan repelled Robert E. Lee's invasion of Maryland, but failed to pursue the Rebels. Identify this Civil War battle, fought on September 17, 1862.

(BATTLE OF) ANTIETAM (Accept: (BATTLE OF) SHARPSBURG)

Abraham Lincoln used the Union victory at this place to issue his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. The battle took place between the troops of Union General George McClellan and those of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. Name this Maryland battle, which ended Lee's hope of capturing Washington, D.C.

(BATTLE OF) ANTIETAM [an-TEE-tuhm] (Accept: BATTLE OF SHARPSBURG)

At this battle, Lee realized the Union cavalry was reinforced by two infantry corps. Greatly overwhelmed, he surrendered his sword to General Ulysses Grant and largely ended the war. Name this April 9, 1865, battle of the Civil War, the final one.

(BATTLE OF) APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE

When this battle occurred, Lee abandoned the Confederate capital, Richmond, and headed west. Union forces caught him, and after an unsuccessful charge, the Army of Northern Virginia surrendered. Identify this April 9, 1865 battle, the last battle of

(BATTLE OF) APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE

Despite its name, the location battle took place on was actually named Breed's. After three charges, a munition shortage forced an American retreat, and the British took the hill, though they sustained heavy casualties. What was this battle fought on

(BATTLE OF) BUNKER HILL

Israel Putnam commanded American troops at this battle, allegedly giving a command to hold fire "until you see the whites of their eyes". Identify this Revolutionary War battle fought on June 17, 1775.

(BATTLE OF) BUNKER HILL

Historians consider both this battle and the Battle of Vicksburg turning points of the war. Fought in part on Little Round Top, it featured the failed Pickett's Charge against the entrenched Union forces. What was this Civil War battle, fought from Ju

(BATTLE OF) GETTYSBURG

This battle saw Peach Orchard, Devil's Den, and Little Round Top contested. Name this bloodiest battle of the American Civil War fought from July 1 through July 3, 1863.

(BATTLE OF) GETTYSBURG

This major engagement in the American Civil War took place 35 miles southwest of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in 1863. The major offensive was Pickett's Charge, when 15,000 Confederates tried to take Cemetery Ridge, which was held by 10,000 Union troops. Identify this engagement, in which General George Meade's troops defeated those of Confederate General Robert E. Lee.

(BATTLE OF) GETTYSBURG

This battle resulted when Edward the Confessor promised the throne of England to two different men. Identify this October 14, 1066 battle, in which Harold II fell to William the Conqueror.

(BATTLE OF) HASTINGS

In this battle, the Greeks were led by Miltiades [mil-TIE-uh-deez], and lost 192 men. In the battle, the Athenians surrounded the Persians' infantry, forcing a Persian retreat. What 490 B.C. battle that gave its name to a race, based on the legend of an Athenian messenger who took word of the victory back to Athens?

(BATTLE OF) MARATHON

This was the decisive battle in which the Athenians, in a single afternoon, stopped the Persian invasion of Greece. In it the Greeks enveloped the Persian troops on three sides, causing them to flee toward the sea. Identify this battle, which gives its name to an endurance run celebrated in the Olympics and in cities around the world today.

(BATTLE OF) MARATHON

At this battle, Braxton Bragg defeated the Union forces of Don Carlos Buell. Bragg was forced to retreat and the Confederate invasion of Kentucky ended. Name this Civil War battle fought on October 8, 1862, in Boyle County.

(BATTLE OF) PERRYVILLE

This Civil War battle pitted forces of Confederate General Braxton Bragg against those of Union General Don Carlos Buell. Bragg's forces had earlier ventured as far north as Bardstown before turning toward a small town in Boyle County. Identify this battle, either by the town's name, or by the hills west of the town, where it was mainly fought.

(BATTLE OF) PERRYVILLE (Accept: BATTLE OF CHAPLIN HILLS)

This British naval captain, navigator and explorer lost his life on a Hawaiian beach when he was slain by natives who first thought he was a god. He was highly respected by his men for how he maintained their health on such long journeys. Identify this man, who found and charted all of New Zealand, and then rediscovered Australia in 1770.

(CAPTAIN JAMES) COOK

While representing New York in Congress in the 1780s, he argued that the country needed a stronger central government. A master of financial planning, he wrote many of the articles in "The Federalist Papers." What secretary of the Treasury persuaded Congress to establish a national banking system, and a revenue program to provide for the repayment of the national debt?

(ALEXANDER) HAMILTON

This photographer, although nearly double the age of his wife-to-be, was famous in the New York world of art. He married the young schoolteacher and promoted her art, making Georgia O'Keefe a household word. Who was this photographer, probably most fa

(ALFRED) STIEGLITZ

Recognized as the epitome of American classical composers of the 20th century, this composer included jazz and folk music into his compositions. He composed the musical scores for several movies, including Of Mice and Men and Our Town. Identify thi

(AARON) COPLAND

The movie The Heiress won the Academy Award for Best Movie Score in 1949 for this composer. What composer of DeMille's Rodeo won the Pulitzer for Appalachian Spring?

(AARON) COPLAND

A lesser known ballet by this composer is his Dance Panels of 1959. One better known ballet includes selections such as "Corral Nocturne" and "Hoe-Down," while another is a musical version of the tale of a Wild West outlaw.

(AARON) COPLAND [COPE-lund]

This composer was responsible for creating a uniquely American sound in his music, through the use of folk melodies, cowboy songs, and jazz rhythms. He created the score for several films, including Of Mice and Men and Our Town. Which American composer is best known for his ballets Rodeo and Appalachian Spring?

(AARON) COPLAND [COPE-lund]

Contemporaries noted this President's extraordinary height and iconic top hat. He led the country through the Civil War, and saw its reunion only days before John Wilkes Booth assassinated him. Identify the sixteenth American President, the only one b

(ABRAHAM) LINCOLN

This philosopher published The Theory of Moral Sentiments in 1759. Who was the first modern economist and the author of The Wealth of Nations?

(ADAM) SMITH

This choreographer created the dances for a musical whose songs include "June is Bustin' Out All Over" and "You'll Never Walk Alone." Besides Carousel, this choreographer worked with Aaron Copland on his Rodeo. Name this choreographer, the niece of fam

(AGNES) DE MILLE

As an African-American dancer/choreographer, this man's work in the dance field emphasized the black cultural experience. Revelations, one of his best known works is based on his experiences growing up as a black youth in the South.

(ALVIN) AILEY

This modern dancer's Revelation is considered one of the great masterpieces of modern dance. Identify this African-American, who in 1958 started his namesake American Dance Theater in New York City.

(ALVIN) AILEY

Since January 2012, this public figure has served as the patron of a children's hospice, two art initiatives, and Action on Addiction. In July 2013 and May 2015, she also became the mother to George Alexander Louis and Charlotte Elizabeth Diana. Identify this woman, the wife of Prince William.

(CATHERINE,) DUCHESS OF CAMBRIDGE (Accept: (CATHERINE OR KATE) MIDDLETON)

This composer created a set of Variations on "America" which includes a variation in a mariachi [mahr-ee-AH-chee] style. He mixed hymn tunes and the opening motive of Beethoven's Fifth in the movement "The Alcotts" from his Concord Sonata. Name this A

(CHARLES) IVES

This Italian master navigator and admiral was born in Genoa, Italy, and died in Spain. He made four transatlantic voyages, the first in 1492. Name this explorer who has long been called the "discoverer" of the New World

(CHRISTOPHER) COLUMBUS

This explorer's proposal to John II of Portugal was rejected for an unrealistic estimation of distance. Identify this explorer who discovered the Bahamas in 1492 aboard the Santa Maria.

(CHRISTOPHER) COLUMBUS

This navigator was born in Italy and later sailed for Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. He sailed the Niña [NEEN-yah], the Pinta [PEEN-tah], and the Santa Maria [SAN-tah mah-REE-ah] to the Caribbean. Name this explorer, who reached the New World in 149

(CHRISTOPHER) COLUMBUS

What is the term for a character, like Don Quixote's [kee-HOE-tees] trusty squire Sancho Panza [SAHN-choh PAHN-zah], who provides a striking contrast with another character?

(DRAMATIC) FOIL

European composers' first attempts to notate for this instrumental setup used up to 10 lines, with the indication "to be played by a single player." They were enthralled by this setup after they saw it used by touring jazz bands. What specific instrum

(DRUM) SET (Accept: (TRAP) SET or (DRUM) KIT)

This jazz orchestra leader was also a composer and pianist. He was even recognized after his death by the Pulitzer Prize Board for his work in music. Identify this African-American bandleader who won three Grammys for his "Anatomy of a Murder".

(DUKE) ELLINGTON (ACCEPT: EDWARD KENNEDY ELLINGTON)

In 1943, he was appointed supreme commander of the Allied Forces, and gave the order to launch the D-Day invasion of Europe. In 1952, he defeated Adlai E. Stevenson to become United States president. Name this man, whose friendliness, humility, and persistent optimism reflected his campaign slogan, "I like Ike!"

(DWIGHT DAVID) EISENHOWER

. The fairy-like figures in many of this artist's paintings dance across the picture in painted tutus. What French artist's paintings of ballet dancers epitomize much of his work?

(EDGAR) DEGAS (Accept: ALESSANDRO DI MARIANO DI VANNI FILIPEPI)

This nationalist composer painted the people, scenery, and moods of Norway with notes. What Norwegian composer collaborated with Ibsen to compose music for Peer Gynt?

(EDVARD) GRIEG

This composer's best known piano works include his A minor Piano Concerto, and his Lyric Pieces. "Morning" and "In the Hall of the Mountain King" are two movements from his Peer Gynt ["g" as in "get"] suite. Name this composer, a native of Norway whos

(EDVARD) GRIEG [GREEG]

He dropped out of high school and earned a GED, then became a private contractor for the NSA in 2009. He fled the United States in 2013, and ended up in a Russian airport. Name this American security contractor who leaked information about United States' surveillance, and sought asylum in Russia.

(EDWARD) SNOWDEN

Born as Edwin in 1930, he legally changed his name in 1982 to his popular nickname. Along with Michael Collins and Neil Armstrong, he was one of the first astronauts to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Name the second man to set foot on the

(EDWIN "BUZZ") ALDRIN

This man was the architect behind the TWA terminal at JFK International Airport. Who also designed the John Deere headquarters in Moline, Illinois, and the Gateway Arch in St. Louis and was born in Finland?

(EERO) SAARINEN [AYR-oh SAHR-un-un]

As an indentured servant this young woman served a cruel master. Identify this young girl who would later become a devout Quaker.

(ELIZABETH) ASHBRIDGE

Percy Grainger used this type of music as the basis for his Lincolnshire Posy. Ralph [RAYF] Vaughan Williams arranged a "suite" of English ones for wind band, and Bela Bartok [BEY-luh BAHR-tok] made field recordings of many from his native Hungary. Wh

(ENGLISH or HUNGARIAN) FOLK (SONG(S) or MUSIC) (Accept clear equivalents)

Inspired by Galileo's writings, this Italian mathematician and physicist wrote a treatise on mechanics, called Concerning Movement, which impressed Galileo. In 1641, he was invited to Florence, where he served as Galileo's secretary and assistant. Id

(EVANGELISTA) TORRICELLI

This Romantic composer was the grandson of an influential philosopher. He conducted a performance of St. Matthew's Passion in 1829. Name the German composer who wrote a famous Wedding March as well as music for Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream

(FELIX) MENDELSSOHN

He wrote eight books of Songs Without Words for solo piano. A visit to the British Isles inspired his Scottish Symphony and Hebrides [HEB-rih-deez] overture.

(FELIX) MENDELSSOHN [MEN-dul-sun] (BARTHOLDY [bar-tawl-DEE])

A voyage begun by this Portuguese navigator was completed by Juan Sebastian Elcano [wahn si-BAS-chuhn el-KAHN-o]. He died in the Phillipines, but at least two of his vessels completed their journey. Identify this explorer, whose name is attached to the first circumnavigation of the globe.

(FERDINAND) MAGELLAN

This navigator and explorer made a name for himself fighting Muslims along the coast of India. His ships passed through the strait at the southern tip of South America that bears his name. What Portuguese explorer died in the Philippines in 1521 before one of his ships completed circling the globe?

(FERDINAND) MAGELLAN

His namesake strait lies between mainland Chile and Tierra del Fuego, connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. HeWhich explorer led the first crew to circumnavigate the globe?

(FERDINAND) MAGELLAN [muh-JEL-uhn]

This former political leader is often perceived as the face of his small island nation. No longer the President of his nation, his influence is still felt daily. Who is this past President and Prime Minister of Cuba?

(FIDEL) CASTRO

Many of this architect's works are in Florence, Italy. One of the leading architects of the Italian Renaissance, he was also known for his development of linear perspective. Who designed the dome of the Florence Cathedral?

(FILIPPO) BRUNELLESCHI [BROO-nuh-LESS-kee]

This group originated in 1865 in Pulaski, Tennessee, under Nathan Bedford Forest's leadership. From Reconstruction onward, they suppressed the rights of Southern African Americans. Name this terrorist organization devoted to white supremacy.

(FIRST) KU KLUX KLAN

This transportation network resulted from the Union Pacific joining the Central Pacific. The merger happened at Promontory Summit, Utah, where celebrants drove a golden spike into the ground. Which railroad line connected Omaha to Oakland?

(FIRST) TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD

This fort was captured by the Green Mountain Boys under Ethan Allen in 1775. The artillery seized there was later used against the British at Boston. Name this fort, located at a narrows near the south end of Lake Champlain [sham-PLEYN] in northern New York.

(FORT) TICONDEROGA [tye-kon-duh-ROH-guh]

This privateer had a 20,000 ducat [DUCK-at] bounty on his head courtesy, of King Philip the Second. In his ship The Golden Hind, he sailed for England and completed the second circumnavigation of the world. Identify this sea captain who helped defeat

(FRANCIS) DRAKE

This artist's etchings The Disasters of War are a depiction of Napoleon's subjugation of his country. This court painter to both Charles the Fourth and Ferdinand the Seventh also painted iconic images of the resistance against the French. What Spanish

(FRANCISCO (JOSÉ) DE) GOYA (Y LUCIENTES)

A serious illness in the 1790s left this artist deaf. His outlook became dark and pessimistic and his Los Caprichos prints reflect that darkness. Identify this famous artist of Clothed Maja and The Second of May 1808.

(FRANCISCO JOSE DE)GOYA (Y LUCIENTES)

Members of this explorer's expedition were the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon. In 1540, he left Mexico, traveling through Arizona, New Mexico and as far as Kansas in search of the Seven Cities of Gold. Name this conquistador [kon-KWIS-tuh-dor

(FRANCISCO [FRAN-sis-koh] DE) CORONADO [KOR-oh-NAHD-oh]

This Spanish explorer led an expedition in the North American Southwest in 1540. Part of his forces were the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon. Who was this Spaniard, who failed to find the legendary "Seven Golden Cities of Cibola [SEE-buh-luh]"?

(FRANCISCO) CORONADO

This Spanish explorer founded the city of Lima in South America in 1535. He led the expedition that gave the name Peru to the land of a great Indian empire. Name this explorer, who seized and killed Atahualpa [ah-tah-WAHL-pah], the emperor of the Incas.

(FRANCISCO) PIZARRO [fran-SIS-koh pi-SAHR-oh]

Japan commissioned this architect to design Tokyo's Imperial Hotel in 1915. His personal residences were known as Taliesin and Taliesin West. Name this American architect best known for his work in the "Prairie Style."

(FRANK LLOYD) WRIGHT

This New York Democrat was appointed assistant secretary of the Navy in March 1913, and unsuccessfully ran for vice president in 1920. He was stricken with polio in 1921, losing the use of his legs. Name this four-time United States president who led the nation out of the Great Depression and through most of World War II.

(FRANKLIN DELANO) ROOSEVELT (Accept: F.D.R.)

He was one of the most noted composers of the Enlightenment. Name this 18th-century Austrian called the "father of the symphony."

(FRANZ JOSEPH) HAYDN [HI-din]

6. A job as director of West Texas State Normal College's Art Department influenced the landscape work of this artist. Those works include paintings such as Canyon Country and Red and Yellow Cliffs.

(GEORGIA) O'KEEFFE

This Wisconsin-born artist said that her first memory was of "very large white pillows." She was certain that she would become a great artist even from an early age. What artist, married to Alfred Stieglitz [STEEG-lits], is famous for her large pain

(GEORGIA) O'KEEFFE

This Jacksonian Democrat and member of the Connecticut legislature quit the Democrats and switched to the Republican Party in 1856. As secretary of the Navy, he was a highly competent administrator who oversaw the construction of the first ironclads. Name this member of Lincoln's cabinet, who was responsible for building up the Union Navy during the Civil War.

(GIDEON) WELLES

This vessel was raised from the bottom of Charleston harbor three times before it successfully attacked a Union ship. It was propelled by the nine member crew hand cranking a single screw while its commander controlled steering and depth. Name this submarine, which was the first to sink an enemy vessel.

(H. L.) HUNLEY

His term of office as United States vice president lasted 82 days in 1945. He famously had a sign on his desk in the Oval Office that read, "The buck stops here." Name this U.S. president who ordered the atomic bombing of two Japanese cities, and ordered the Marshall Plan to rebuild war-torn Europe.

(HARRY S.) TRUMAN

He was an unsuccessful candidate for U.S. president three times, in 1824, 1832 and 1844. As U.S. senator from Kentucky, he was a major supporter of the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. Name this politician, who made his home on a large farm outside Lexington that he named Ashland.

(HENRY) CLAY

In 1821, he became the first attorney to filed what is called a "friend of the court" brief before the U.S. Supreme Court. He promoted what he called the American System, and he failed to win the presidency in 1824, 1832, and 1844. Name this Kentucky senator known as the "Great Compromiser."

(HENRY) CLAY

This statesman ran three times, but was never elected President. He helped negotiate the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, earning him the nickname "the Great Compromiser." Who was this Speaker of the House from Kentucky, a member of the

(HENRY) CLAY

His first vehicle was a steam engine-powered tractor based on a mowing machine. What American revolutionized the automobile industry with the mass production techniques he used to build Model T's?

(HENRY) FORD

In 1945, this man retired at the age of 81 to his Dearborn, Michigan estate, Fair Lane. He is sometimes mistakenly credited for inventing the automobile and the assembly line. Who is this innovator who created the rugged, inexpensive and successful Model T motorcar?

(HENRY) FORD

This English navigator and explorer is know for trying to discover a so-called Northwest Passage to Asia, but failed. But in doing so, he gave his name to a river, a strait and a bay in North America. Name this man, who explored the river that runs past both Albany, New York, and the west coast of Manhattan.

(HENRY) HUDSON

This explorer reached Spitzbergen when sailing for the Muscovy Company in 1607. His later discoveries allowed the Dutch to get a toehold in North America, and were used by the English to claim much of Canada. Identify this explorer whose name is attached to a major New York river and to a large Canadian bay.

(HENRY) HUDSON

This man sought a Northwest Passage through the Arctic Circle before his crew mutinied and set him adrift. Aboard his ship Half Moon, he explored north of New York Harbor. Name this explorer for whom a New York river and a Canadian bay are named.

(HENRY) HUDSON

This navigator sailed for both England and Holland. In the name of the former, he found a namesake bay in Canada where his crew set him out to die. Name this explorer who discovered a river in New York which bears his name.

(HENRY) HUDSON

Along with Benjamin Lincoln, this commander helped put down Shays' Rebellion. Give this American general and first United States Secretary of War.

(HENRY) KNOX

This military officer owned and operated a bookstore in Boston before becoming chief artillery officer of the Continental Army. He was the first Secretary of War of the United States. Name this man, who lent his name to an Army base in north-central K

(HENRY) KNOX

This president began his governmental duties as U.S. food administrator during World War I. After the war, he was chosen to head the American Relief Administration, which shipped food and other supplies to war-ravaged Europe. Name this U.S. president, who was unable to lead the nation through the Great Depression.

(HERBERT) HOOVER

This Spaniard led an expedition that landed on the coast of Yucatan in 1519. His ability to recognize the value of befriending various Indian groups who were opposed to the rulers of the land helped him to gain victory. Name this Spanish conquistador [kon-KEE-stuh-dor] who used his Tlaxcalan [tlahs-KAH-lan] allies to defeat the Aztec Empire.

(HERNAN OR HERNANDO) CORTÉS

This Member of Parliament sought to improve conditions for England's working poor by moving them to the New World. In 1732, he established a colony between the Carolinas and Florida to serve as a debtor's haven and a buffer between the English and Span

(JAMES) OGLETHORPE [OH-guhl-thohrp]

This character sings "Who Am I," making the decision to reinvent himself, and later prays for Marius' safety in "Bring Him Home." Also known as prisoner 2-4-6-0-1, he promises the dying Fantine [fahn-TEEN] that he will care for her daughter, Cosette [

(JEAN) VALJEAN [ZHAN vahl-ZHAN]

This soldier and politician served in the Black Hawk War under his future father-in-law, Zachary Taylor. He was elected to Congress in 1845, but resigned to command the First Mississippi volunteers during the Mexican War. What secretary of war under Franklin Pierce is best remembered as the president of the Confederate States of America?

(JEFFERSON) DAVIS

She played softball and tennis, and was a gymnast while attending an all girls' high school. The mother of twins, she is the voice of Shira in Ice Age: Continental Drift, and a judge on American Idol. Who was once known as "Jenny from the block"?

(JENNIFER) LOPEZ (ACCEPT: J LO)

Several of this composer's French Suites for harpsichord appear in his "Notebook for Anna Magdalena." Other collections of works by this composer include The Art of the Fugue [FYOOG] and The Well-Tempered Clavier [kluh-VIR, CLAY-vee-ur]. Name this Ger

(JOHANN SEBASTIAN or J.S.) BACH

Supposedly, this Baroque composer and teacher at the St. Thomas School loved music so much that he walked over 250 miles during the winter just to hear a musical performance. Identify this composer of "Saint Matthew's Passion" and "The Art of Fugue".

(JOHANN SEBASTIAN) BACH

Robert Schumann, the mentor of this Romantic composer, dubbed his protégé a "young eagle" worthy of praise. Who is this Austrian composer of soothing songs for babies?

(JOHANNES) BRAHMS

This German composer once fell asleep during a performance by Franz Liszt. What man, buried in Vienna, wrote his most famous work to commemorate the birth of a friend's son?

(JOHANNES) BRAHMS

When a university awarded this composer an honorary doctoral degree, he composed his Academic Festival Overture in thanks. This composer of four symphonies drew texts from the vernacular German Bible for his German Requiem [RECK-wee-um]. What composer

(JOHANNES) BRAHMS

A Bible printed by this man is housed at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. His invention led to the spread of learning to the masses. Identify the European inventor of the movable type printing press.

(JOHANNES) GUTENBERG

In 1661, this artist depicted his riverside hometown in View of Delft. In addition to his cityscapes, he also painted several works that feature working-class women in ordinary scenes, as seen in The Milkmaid. Name this seventeenth-century Dutch artist.

(JOHANNES) VERMEER

This Dutch artist was a contemporary of Rembrandt and lived in Delft his whole life. Who painted portraits of women in their daily lives such as The Milkmaid and Girl With a Pearl Earring?

(JOHANNES) VERMEER

This statesman served as Andrew Jackson's Vice President until the Peggy Eaton affair. He strongly advocated free trade, slavery, and states' rights, eventually supporting the right to secede. Name this South Carolina senator, a member of the Immortal

(JOHN C.) CALHOUN

This statesman was a member of the Great Triumvirate along with Daniel Webster and Henry Clay. Originally a Whig, after 1830 he supported states' rights and limited government, even secretly promoting succession. Give this Democratic statesman, champi

(JOHN C.) CALHOUN

In his Inaugural Address, he urged listeners to, "Ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country." Identify this U. S. President assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald.

(JOHN F.) KENNEDY

This man captained the Ranger in making assaults on the British coast. His most famous engagement came between the HMS Serapis and his ship, the Bon Homme Richard. Give this Scottish naval officer who fought for the Americans in the Revolutionary War

(JOHN PAUL) JONES

This man was defended by Philadelphia lawyer Andrew Hamilton. He was charged with libel for criticizing Governor William Cosby, but the jury found him not guilty because what he printed was the truth. Identify this journalist whose case set a precedent

(JOHN PETER) ZENGER

This printer and journalist was the publisher of the New York Weekly Journal in 1733. His paper published articles highly critical of the colonial governor, William Cosby. Name this publisher, who was charged with libel, but was found innocent because the jury believed what he published was true.

(JOHN PETER) ZENGER

According to U.S. Code, Title 36, Section 304, this composer's "Stars and Stripes Forever" is the national march for the United States. His other works include "The Glory of the Yankee Navy" and "President Garfield's Inauguration March." Who has bee

(JOHN PHILIP) SOUSA

He enlisted in the Marine Corps as a young teen, becoming an apprentice in the Marine Band. His composition titled "Semper Fidelis" [fih-DAY-lis] became the official Marine Corps march. Identify this American composer who 136 military marches, including "The Stars and Stripes Forever."

(JOHN PHILIP) SOUSA

He was a volunteer in the militia that hanged abolitionist John Brown in 1859. During the Civil War, he developed several plans to kidnap President Lincoln, none of which were carried. Name the assassin who snuck into the presidential box at Ford's Theater on April 14, 1865., and shot Lincoln.

(JOHN WILKES) BOOTH

This statesman was the only Federalist to serve as Chief Executive. He headed the Quasi War with France, and signed the Alien and Sedition Acts into law. Name this second President of the United States.

(JOHN) ADAMS

This militia leader participated in the Bleeding Kansas violence, and perptrated the Pottawatomie [pot-uh-WAHT-uh-mee] massacre in that struggle. Later, he attempted to start a slave uprising and seize a federal armory, but his revolt was put down and

(JOHN) BROWN

This navigator was born in the Italian city of Genoa, but sailed for England. In 1497, he sailed his ship, the Matthew, to the New World and reached Newfoundland. What explorer from England reached the Americas in 1497?

(JOHN) CABOT

Known for his unorthodox compositions and unusual instrumentation, he sometimes used tape recorders, record players, and radios in his works. He also placed objects between the strings of a piano to change its sound, and called this a prepared piano. Name the American composer whose most famous composition consists of four minutes and thirty-three seconds of silence.

(JOHN) CAGE

This sports figure started his coaching career as an assistant at the University of Kansas. After an unsuccessful stint in the NBA, he returned to college to coach the University of Memphis. Who coached the Kentucky Wildcats to a Number One seed in th

(JOHN) CALIPARI

This New York lawyer was one of the three who collaborated to write "The Federalist" essays. He was appointed by George Washington as the first chief justice of the Supreme Court. Name this man, who concluded a commercial agreement with Great Britain that bears his name, a deal that was very unpopular in the United States.

(JOHN) JAY

He was chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee before being confirmed in his current position. What unsuccessful 2004 Democratic presidential candidate was named secretary of state by President Obama in 2013?

(JOHN) KERRY

This lake is connected with Lake Huron through the Straits of Mackinac [MACK-in-aw]. It is the third largest of the North American Great Lakes, and the only one completely within the United States. Name this lake, named for the state on its northern and eastern shores.

(LAKE) MICHIGAN

This body of water borders Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. The 'S' in the mneomic [nuh-MON-ik] 'HOMES,' its name denotes its northern location, not its size. Name the largest of the five Great Lakes.

(LAKE) SUPERIOR

This African lake lies between the Eastern and Western Rift Valleys, west of Kenya. It lies at the headwaters of the Nile River. Name this lake, which was named for a long-reigning English queen of the 19th century.

(LAKE) VICTORIA

The Everton club in England named this soccer player its Player of the Month for January 2010. Who scored three goals for the U.S. team at the World Cup in South Africa and became captain of the L.A. Galaxy again, succeeding David Beckham?

(LANDON) DONOVAN

In the year 1000, he sailed from Greenland to Norway, where Olav I converted him to Christianity. On the way home, he landed in present-day Nova Scotia, which he named Vinland because of its wild grapes.

(LEIF) ERICSON

He is widely held to have been the first European to reach the shores of North America. It is said that he was blown off course while returning to Greenland in about 1000 A.D. Name this Norseman, who was the second son of Erik the Red.

(LEIF) ERIKSON

At age thirty-five, this man became the first American-born conductor and musical director of the New York Philharmonic. He is the subject of a YALSA Finalist biography by Susan Goldman Rubin. Which conductor and composer's story is told in Music Was It?

(LEONARD) BERNSTEIN

he opera "Candide" was written by this American composer who was also a famous conductor. Identify this "West Side Story" conductor.

(LEONARD) BERNSTEIN

This composer partnered with lyricist Stephen Sondheim on a musical whose songs include "Cool," "I Feel Pretty," and "Maria." His other works include the ballet Fancy Free and the operetta Candide [kahn-DEED]. Name this longtime conductor of the New Y

(LEONARD) BERNSTEIN [BERN-stine]

4. After volunteering as a nurse during the American Civil War, this woman was inspired to write "Hospital Sketches." In addition to Eight Cousins, she also wrote a novel based on the exploits of Meg, Beth, Amy, and Jo March. Identify this author of Little Men and Little Women.

(LOUISA MAY) ALCOTT

By the time this German composer admitted to a friend that he was experiencing signs of a physical handicap, he had been aware of the problem for at least three years. What famous "B" composer spent nearly thirty years of his life completely deaf?

(LUDWIG VAN) BEETHOVEN

This American architect led the architecture school at the Illinois Institute of Technology. What German architect designed the Lakeshore Drive buildings in Chicago as well as the MLK Jr. Library in Washington, D.C.?

(LUDWIG) MIES VAN DER ROHE

This Texas politician represented his state in the U.S. House of Representatives during World War II before being elected to the Senate. He was defeated at the 1960 Democratic Presidential Convention in his bid to run for president, but accepted the vice-presidential nomination. Name this man, who became president in 1963 following the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

(LYNDON BAINES) JOHNSON

During the American Revolution, this commander gained fame by using mere infantry to take British fortifications at Stony Point, New York. In the Indian Wars, he negotiated the Treaty of Greenville, and won the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

(MAD ANTHONY) WAYNE

This king built many mosques and centers of learning throughout West Africa. He made a famous hajj [HAHJ], and on the way, gave out so much gold that the price collapsed for years. Identify this ruler of the Malian [MAH-lee-an] Empire.

(MANSA) MUSA (THE FIRST)

This man spent his life after the NBA bringing awareness to the news events in Sudan. Identify this Sudanese player, the tallest man to play in the NBA, who worked with individuals in Sudan to better their lives.

(MANUTE) BOL

This legend normally found on a map helps people understand what the map shows. What type of legend might be used to show the symbols for a state capital, a large city, or a hospital?

(MAP) KEY

He learned about mercantilist trading from his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo. Name this thirteenth-century Venetian man, who spent seventeen years in China.

(MARCO) POLO

His father and uncle pave the way for his historic adventure by trading with the Mongols on the Volga River. He went east himself in 1271 as a teenager, remaining there until his return to Europe in 1295. Who spent many years of his life at the court of Kublai Khan before returning to Italy?

(MARCO) POLO

This traveler spent 24 years with his father and uncle in the Orient. While there, he spent time in the court of Kublai [KOO-bligh] Khan [kahn] and later became a very wealthy merchant. Name this explorer whose name is a popular pool game.

(MARCO) POLO

This politician was governor of Cyprus, where he grew very wealthy, before becoming a senator. He sided against the First Triumvirate [try-UM-ver-it], but his life was spared by Julius Caesar, whom he later helped assassinate. Name this Roman politici

(MARCUS) BRUTUS

This first American prima ballerina married Russian choreographer George Balanchine in 1946. Identify this Oklahoma-born prima ballerina, whose father was a chief of the Osage nation.

(MARIA) TALLCHIEF

This prima ballerina's father was a full-blooded member of the Osage tribe. As the wife of George Balanchine [BAL-un-cheen], she became the first American-born female dancer to perform with the Paris Opera. Who was chosen as the partner for Rudolf

(MARIA) TALLCHIEF

In ballet, en point [ahn PWAHNT] means to stand on the tips of one's toes while dancing. Identify the ballerina who is remembered in ballet history as being the first ballerina to dance en pointe for the full length of the work.

(MARIE) TAGLIONI

his 19th century dancer's father created the ballet La Sylphide to showcase her talents. Identify this ballerina who was the first to dance en point for the entire length of a work.

(MARIE) TAGLIONI

He is the world's second youngest self-made billionaire. Jesse Eisenberg played the role of this young man in the movie The Social Network. Who is this co-founder of Facebook?

(MARK ELLIOT) ZUCKERBERG

This abstract painter was born in Russia and lived out his life in the United States. What man experimented with colors in works such as Blue and No. 3/No. 13?

(MARK) ROTHKO

This man's most famous creation was originally only intended for use by Harvard students. His company's privacy policy has made him the subject of great criticism, and in 2012, he took the brunt of blame when his company's stock price plummeted soon a

(MARK) ZUCKERBERG

This dancer and choreographer examined the life of Emily Dickinson in Letter to the World. Many of her works were created to music of Louis Horst, but she is best known for her collaboration with Aaron Copland. Name this female pioneer of modern dance.

(MARTHA) GRAHAM

This woman was named "Dancer of the Century" by Time magazine in 1998. What modern dancer was the first woman to dance in the White House and started a namesake Center of Contemporary Dance?

(MARTHA) GRAHAM

This historical leader wrote a "Letter from Birmingham Jail" after his 1963 arrest for nonviolent protest of segregation. In 1968, he responded to the Memphis Sanitation Strike with his final public speech, "I've Been to the Mountaintop." Name this ci

(MARTIN LUTHER) KING (JR.)

At the Diet of Worms, this man refused to recant or deny his writings, which the Catholic Church considered heretical. This man began his path to that supposed heresy by circulating a list of topics for debate, which were 95 in total. Name this man wh

(MARTIN) LUTHER

He entered a monastery of the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine on July 17, 1505. Twelve years later, he asked the archbishop of Mainz [MIGHNTS] to stop Johann Tetzel from peaching that buying an indulgence guaranteed the forgiveness of sins. Name the German monk whose 95 theses spearheaded the Protestant Reformation.

(MARTIN) LUTHER

This American painter died in Paris in 1926. She quickly befriended many of the leading artists of the Impressionist movement and exhibited with them. Who painted scenes of everyday life that featured women and children?

(MARY) CASSATT [kah-SAHT]

In addition to painting, this artist encouraged her wealthy American friends to buy Impressionist works. She was a great friend of Edgar Degas [duh-GAH], and his influence can be seen in many of her works, including Little Girl in a Blue Armchair. Which American-born Impressionist was known for her depictions of women and children?

(MARY) CASSATT [kuh-SAT]

his artist trained under William Page and Samuel Morse, before opening his first studio in New York. His New York portrait studio was highly publicized and he began to try to photograph as many famous people as possible, including famous authors and

(MATHEW) BRADY

This artist and architect received formal training at Yale University. While there, she won a national contest for her design of a memorial that was later placed on the National Mall in 1982. What Chinese-American designed the Vietnam Veterans Memori

(MAYA) LIN

These works of art were produced during the medieval period. They were used by students at the universities to study the culture of the time. Identify these works of art that were produced in monasteries.

(MEDIEVAL) MANUSCRIPTS

Multiple answer required. The younger of these two men helped out down the Whiskey Rebellion, then fought against the Miami tribe in Ohio. The older commanded the Chosen Rifle Company at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, then returned to Louisville until the younger man invited him on an adventure. What two men led an 1804-1806 expedition that traveled from St. Louis to the Pacific Coast and back?

(MERIWETHER) LEWIS, (WILLIAM) CLARK (Either order)

This man was the host of NBC's Superstars of Dance where dancers from around the world competed. What man is better known as the Lord of the Dance for his performances as an Irish Step Dancer?

(MICHAEL) FLATLEY

A native of Gary, Indiana, the death of this man in 2009 caused mourning throughout the world. Originally, he worked alongside his family members, achieving great success in the 1970s. Starting out on his own, he was noted as an innovator and royalty

(MICHAEL) JACKSON

This philanthropist and singer died in 2009. After an accident with fireworks while filming a commercial, he donated his settlement money to a local hospital to start a burn unit. Who co-wrote the song "We Are the World" to raise funds to aid with po

(MICHAEL) JACKSON

Among the records he broke were two previously held by Mark Spitz and Larisa Latynina. He competed in the 2000 Sydney games at the age of 15, though he did not win a medal. Name this athlete, who in 2012 swum his way to more career Olympic medals than

(MICHAEL) PHELPS

Scandalous photos lessened the image of this American athlete. Fresh off a record breaking performance in Beijing, where he bested Mark Spitz's record for swimming gold medals, photos of this athlete at a party surfaced on the internet. Name this A

(MICHAEL) PHELPS

This Russian defected to Canada in 1974 and quickly became one of ballet's greatest premier danseurs. Who performed with the New York City Ballet and has a jumping move named after him in which the dancer leaps and spins?

(MIKHAIL) BARYSHNIKOV [buh-RISH-nuh-koff]

Albums featuring this influential jazz musician include In a Silent Way and My Funny Valentine. He was influential in the development of hard bop and jazz fusion. Name this influential jazz trumpeter, whose albums also include Kind of Blue.

(MILES) DAVIS

This jazz bandleader and trumpeter attended Juilliard [JOO-lee-ahrd], although he skipped many classes to participate in jam sessions with musicians like Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. A major contributor to both bebop and cool jazz, he pioneered the jazz-rock movement of the 1960s. Name this jazz great whose best known albums include Birth of the Cool and Kind of Blue.

(MILES) DAVIS

In one musical revue, Cameron Mackintosh was celebrated as "Mister" this. Two characters in this profession star in a Mel Brooks film, and defraud investors by overselling percentages of a show. Name this person credited as the one who "presents" a th

(MISTER) PRODUCER

This politician cofounded Bain Capital. He served as Governor of Massachusetts and as a Mormon Bishop. Name the 2012 Republican nominee for President of the United States.

(MITT) ROMNEY

Known for his socialist beliefs, he founded the Movement of the People party in 2011. He was elected to the National Constituent Assembly, and was a vocal critic of the Islamist Ennahda [eh-NAH-dah] party. What Tunisian politician was shot and killed o

(MOHAMED) BRAHMI [BRAH-mee]

This mountain peak was named for a nineteenth-century British surveyor general in India. It is on the border of Nepal and China, and its summit was first reached by Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary. What mountain in the Himalayas contains the highest elevation on Earth?

(MOUNT) EVEREST

This location evaded Bellerophon [buh-LAIR-uh-fun] after Pegasus bucked him off during the ascent. Homer described its peak, the tallest in its country, as existing in "pure aether." Name this location, the home of the gods in Greek mythology.

(MOUNT) OLYMPUS

This man from Louisville did not serve in the military during the Vietnam War, citing his religious beliefs. By what name is the three-time heavyweight boxing champion born Cassius Clay better known?

(MUHAMMAD) ALI

This retired boxer and three-time world heavyweight champion is from Louisville, Kentucky. What boxer floated like a butterfly and stung like a bee in his bouts?

(MUHAMMAD) ALI (Accept: (CASSIUS MARCELLUS) CLAY (JR.))

This is an essential tool for carpenters and bluegrass musicians as well. What is this percussion instrument that is struck or bowed to make the music?

(MUSICAL) SAW

He shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to smooth the transition to majority rule in his country. He suffered a lung infection, and several months of ill health, before dying in 2013 at the age of ninety-five. Name this Nobel Peace Prize recipient, and former president of South Africa.

(NELSON) MANDELA

In 1944, this man joined the African National Congress, a party that he would lead forty-seven years later. His autobiography, entitled Long Walk to Freedom, recounts the eighteen years he spent imprisoned on Robben Island. Who was this Nobel Peace Prize recipient and anti-apartheid [uh-PAHRT-hahyt] activist, South Africa's first black president?

(NELSON) MANDELA

This man served a 27-year prison sentence before being released in 1990. When he died in December 2013, world leaders attended his funeral, during which President Obama took a famous selfie. Name this man, who from 1994 to '99 was the president of South Africa.

(NELSON) MANDELA

A car company named for this inventor produced an electric automobile called the Model S, with zero emissions. A Serbian-American, he advocated the use of alternating current. Who is the man that helped build the first hydro-electric power plant, located on Niagara Falls?

(NICOLA) TESLA

The Native Americans of this region were characterized by faming, hunting-gathering, and longhouse building. Native peoples that called it home included the Massachusett [MASS-uh-shoo-set] and the Iroqouis [eer-uh-KWOY]. What was this cultural region i

(NORTH)EASTERN WOODLANDS

This terrorist carried a $25 million bounty after September 11, 2001. Navy SEALs Team Six killed him in Pakistan on May 2, 2011. Who headed al-Qaeda [all KY-duh] until his death?

(OSAMA) BIN LADEN

From 1901 until 1904, this artist felt great sadness at the death of a friend. Identify this artist whose paintings during this time are referred to as his Blue Period.

(PABLO) PICASSO

This artist paired with Georges Braque [ZHORZH BROCK] in the development of an influential 20th century art style. That style, which portrayed its subjects from multiple viewpoints at once, is evident in this artist's works such as The Three Musicians.

(PABLO) PICASSO

Born in Dayton, Ohio, to former slaves, this American poet sometimes used African-American dialect in his poetry. Which pioneering author wrote the poem "Ode to Ethiopia" and the musical In Dahomey?

(PAUL LAURENCE) DUNBAR

According to legend, this man's camp stove covers an acre, and men grease his hotcake griddle by using bacon for skates. The cousin of Tony Beaver, he created the Grand Canyon, Black Hills, and Puget [PYOO-jit] Sound, as well as Minnesota's ten thousand lakes. Who is this mythical lumberjack and companion of Babe the Blue Ox?

(PAUL) BUNYAN

This politician currently serves as a Representative from Wisconsin. His namesake budget cuts entitlement programs and abides by trickle down ideas. Identify this American politician, the Republican nominee for Vice President.

(PAUL) RYAN

This choreographer is perhaps more famous for her singing career. Her choreography skills were first discovered by the Jacksons and she choreographed their video Torture.

(PAULA) ABDUL

This navigator was bound for India with thirteen ships when he sailed far west into the Atlantic Ocean. The expedition went so far west that it made landfall on what they initially assumed to be an island. Who was the first European to reach Brazil?

(PEDRO) CABRAL [kuh-BRAWL]

This dramatist earned Pulitzer Prizes in 1948 and 1955. He based Jim, Amanda, and Laura Wingfield on himself, his mother, and his lobotomized sister, respectively. Identify the Southern playwright of The Glass Menagerie [muh-NAZH-uh-ree].

(TENNESSEE) WILLIAMS

. In Roman mythology, these Greek goddesses were known as the Parcae [PAR-sye]. They include Clotho [KLOH-thoh], the spinner, Lachesis [LACH-uh-sis], the measurer, and Atropos [A-truh-pos], the thread's cutter. Identify the goddesses responsible for det

(THE) (THREE) FATES (Accept: (THE) MOIRAI)

Many percussion instruments are played using different types of this object. Hard wood or nylon versions can be used on chimes and xylophones, while softer felt or yarn-wrapped ones are usually used on the vibraphone or timpani. What kind of object is used to strike a percussion instrument in order to produce its sound?

(PERCUSSION) MALLET (Accept: BEATER)

Putnam Valley Middle School is the setting for this scholastically-based musical. "My Friend the Dictionary" in this musical is about a type of academic competition.

(THE) 25TH ANNUAL PUTNAM COUNTY SPELLING BEE

These four internal security laws were passed by Congress during the administration of John Adams. Three of them were designed to deal with immigrants who were pro-French at a time when a war with France seemed likely. What were these laws called, which included one that banned the publishing of malicious writings against the government?

(THE) ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS

A historic marker in Virginia marks the site where this first English play was performed in 1665. The three men who performed this play in Fowkes' Tavern were brought to court to perform it before the court magistrate. What is this play that brought

(THE) BEAR AND THE CUB (ACCEPT: YE BARE AND YE CUBB)

This one word is the nickname of the rock and roll musician Bruce Springsteen. What is this nickname that means a "person in charge?"

(THE) BOSS

This composer committed suicide shortly after the premiere of his Sixth Symphony. His Second Symphony is known as the "Little Russian," and his compositions for dancers revolutionized the ballet world. Name this composer of the ballets Sleeping Beauty

(PETER ILYICH) TCHAIKOVSKY [chigh-KOFF-skee]

This governor was given the nickname "Old Silver Leg" because of a prosthetic limb. He was known for his harsh reputation, including expelling Jews from the colony, until the English seized Fort Amsterdam and deposed him in 1664. Identify the last Dire

(PETER) STUYVESANT [STY-vehs-ant]

This composer created the scores for the films The Hours and Notes on a Scandal, and founded a namesake "Ensemble" to perform his own works. The lyrics of his best known opera are numbers and solfège [sol-FEZH] syllables, and that opera features the n

(PHILIP) GLASS

This 16th century Flemish painter often showed peasants at work and play, scenes of daily life, landscapes, and illustrations of proverbs as the subjects of his paintings. Identify this painter whose works include The Corn Harvest and The Peasant Weddi

(PIETER) BRUEGEL (THE ELDER)

This instrument may use various "stops" to change its timbre [TAM-burr]. The various rows of keys on this instrument are referred to as "manuals," which contrast with the foot-activated "pedalboard." Name this keyboard instrument traditionally powered

(PIPE) ORGAN(S)

He was a vocal critic of President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner's social policies. Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio [HOHR-hay MAH-ree-oh bair-GOH-lee-oh] in 1936, he became a Jesuit in 1958. What name did he choose to take when he was named to succeed Pope Benedict the Sixteenth in 2013?

(POPE) FRANCIS (THE FIRST)

This man was elected archbishop of Buenos Aires [BWE-naws AHY-res] in 1998, and became a cardinal in 2001. In his current position, he has called for the church to help the poor, started a Twitter account, and appointed a group of eight cardinals to advise him on church policy. Identify this first Jesuit and first Western Hemisphere Catholic pope.

(POPE) FRANCIS (THE FIRST)

Having already painted several members of the papal court, the creator of this work offered to paint the Holy Father himself. The resulting portrait highlights the subject's pink skin tone with the use of red and white vestments and a red velvet backdrop. Name the subject and you'll name this painting by Diego Velázquez [vuh-LAHS-kehs].

(PORTRAIT OF)(POPE) INNOCENT THE TENTH

Even in Rangoon, this American icon is met with waving flags. His term has included a controversial health care package, and the end of a war. What president was elected by a wide margin in 2012?

(PRESIDENT BARACK) OBAMA

An easel placed outside Buckingham Palace announced his birth. Name the third in line for the throne of England, born to Prince William and the former Kate Middleton on July 22, 2013?

(PRINCE) GEORGE (ALEXANDER LOUIS OF CAMBRIDGE)

After completing school, this British royal chose to go into the military. He served in combat in Afghanistan until a story was published in an Australian magazine revealing his location. Identify this member of the royal family who, after the birth of his nephew Prince George, is currently fourth in line of succession to the British crown.

(PRINCE) HARRY (OF WALES)

In 2008, this man was reassigned after it was revealed he was serving in an active combat zone in Afghanistan. The younger of two male children and currently third in the line of succession, he is still a bachelor, unlike his sibling. Name this Britis

(PRINCE) HARRY (OF WALES)

Twp word answer please. This religious revolution took place in the 16th century and dramatically altered Europe. Focused on reform of the Catholic Church and the end to the selling of indulgences, the movement counted Martin Luther, John Calvin, an

(PROTESTANT) REFORMATION

An anecdote about this great Russian composer says that, as a child, he kissed Russia and then spat on the map of the rest of the world. Such love for his home country caused him great homesickness when he traveled to New York to conduct his works at

(PYOTR ILYICH [PEE-ohtr IL-yitch]) TCHAIKOVSKY [chigh-KAWF-skee]

He composed the dramatic music piece, Eugene Onegin, after his brief failed marriage. Who is this composer more famous for the ballets Swan Lake and Sleeping Beauty?

(PYOTR ILYICH) TCHAIKOVSKY

This Warhol work features an orange background contrasted with bright pink faces. This work, a quadruple image of a celebrity, is one of his most famous pieces. What is this work that featured the blonde bombshell of the fifties and early sixties?

(QUADRUPLE) MARILYN (MONROE)

This basketball player starred at Louisville's Eastern High School before transferring to Oak Hill Academy for his senior season. He received a full scholarship from the University of Kentucky but left for the NBA after one season. Who is the current

(RAJON) RONDO

In August 2015, this politician traveled to Haiti, where he spent four days performing eye surgeries as part of a humanitarian program. After being elected to the U.S. Senate, he founded the Tea Party caucus, and lobbied for a special March 5, 2016 caucus that would let him run for the presidency. Identify this son of a former libertarian presidential candidate, Kentucky's Republican junior senator.

(RAND) PAUL

In July 2012 it signed the Geneva Conventions, solidifying its stature as a legitimate world nation. A member of both the African Union and the United Nations, it gained independence in 2011 after a referendum.

(REPUBLIC OF) SOUTH SUDAN

He composed his last work, appropriately titled "Four Last Songs," in 1948, the year he turned 84. Identify the composer whose Also Sprach Zarathustra [all-ZOH shprak ZAR-uh-THOO-struh] is played during the sunrise scene at the beginning of the 1968 f

(RICHARD) STRAUSS

A Bugs Bunny cartoon made this composer's 'Ride of the Valkyries" familiar with small children. Name this friend of Nietzsche [NEE-chuh] and German composer of the "Bridal Chorus" and The Flying Dutchman.

(RICHARD) WAGNER [VAHG-ner]

This German composer believed himself to be "the most German of men." Besides his work as a composer and librettist, he wrote many articles and books. What composer is most famous for The Ring Cycle, which includes Siegfried as one of the operas?

(RICHARD) WAGNER [VAHG-ner]

The estate of this general was seized and later became Arlington National Cemetery. Give this supreme commander of Confederate armies who surrendered to Grant.

(ROBERT E.) LEE

This American inventor began as an artist who painted miniature portraits on ivory. His many interests included canal engineering and a proposed submarine. Name this man, who constructed the first successful steamboat in America.

(ROBERT) FULTON

Even though this composer was in love with his wife, Clara, he was jealous of her success as a pianist. He did not accompany her on her tours but, instead, stayed home to compose. What composer died in an asylum after composing many sonatas, as well

(ROBERT) SCHUMANN

He arrived in Boston in 1631, but was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634. His unpopular religious views caused him trouble in Massachusetts, so he founded a town on Narragansett Bay in 1636. Name the religious reformer who founded of Rhode Island.

(ROGER) WILLIAMS

This nonconformist brought his religious ideals to New England in 1631. His views were found unacceptable in both the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the Plymouth Colony. Name this founder of the colony of Rhode Island, which became a haven for religious freedom.

(ROGER) WILLIAMS

This monster choked to death after its acidic breath melted a spear that had been forced into its mouth. Slain by Bellerophon [buh-LAIR-uh-fun], it lends its name to scientific products that combine two or more DNA sequences. Which mythological beast

(THE) CHIMERA [kai-MARE-uh]

. First published in 1844, this French novel tells the story of a man falsely accused of treason, his escape from prison, and his search for vengeance. In a 1975 TV film version of this novel, Richard Chamberlain starred as Edmond Dantès, Kate Nelligan

(THE) COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO

This play was written to satirize the House Un-American Activites Committee, before which its author testified. It dramatized the Salem Witch Trials, depicting them as means for the witnesses to dispose of their enemies and rivals. Give this allegoric

(THE) CRUCIBLE

It was approved by the Second Continental Congress in 1776 by fifty-six delegates It is currently housed in the National Archives. What is this document, which prominently features the signature of John Hancock?

(THE) DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

This ancient Greek alliance was headquartered at the birthplace of Apollo and Artemis. When Pericles moved its treasury to Athens, the Peloponnesian War broke out, and the institution dissolved when the war ended.

(THE) DELIAN LEAGUE

This screenplay was adapted from a book found by Miep Gies [MEEP GEES] after World War II. The screenplay was written by Francis Goodrich and Albert Hackett. What screenplay chronicles two Dutch families going into hiding to escape the Holocaust, thro

(THE) DIARY OF ANNE FRANK

This subtropical region features a "river of grass" across large parts of south Florida. Lake Okeechobee [oh-ki-CHOH-bee] lies along its northern edge. Name this region, which features a national park, and was for years the home of Seminole Indians.

(THE) EVERGLADES

This Baroque work by Purcell is classified as a masque or semi-opera. It is based on Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. What is this newly rediscovered work that was written for the fifteenth wedding anniversary of William and Mary?

(THE) FAIRY-QUEEN

Claude Monet portrayed it in his paintings of London's Houses of Parliament from across the River Thames [temz]. For what thick weather condition is London known?

(THE) FOG

Created in 1526, this work depicts Saints Peter, Paul, Mark, and John in conference, each holding an item that serves as his symbol. Peter holds a key, Paul holds a sword and closed book, Mark holds a scroll, and John holds an open book. Identify this work in which Peter holds a key, one the last of the large works by Albrecht Dürer [AHL-brekht DYOOR-er].

(THE) FOUR APOSTLES

This ballroom dance was developed in the early 1900s and alternates long and short steps in quadruple time. Identify the dance that was named for vaudeville dancer Harry Fox.

(THE) FOX TROT

Designed by architect Eero Saarinen [AY-row SAR-un-NEN], this US landmark was completed in 1965 as a part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. Identify this 630-foot-tall stainless steel arch that rises about the skyline of St. Louis, Missour

(THE) GATEWAY (ARCH)

This speech asserts "we cannot hallow--this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it." The orator recalls how "our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." Name this speech delivered on November 19, 1863 by President Abraham Lincoln.

(THE) GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

Only 35 pieces by Vermeer exist today, including this painting. This painting has been dubbed Mona Lisa of the North. What is this painting of a young girl with a blue and yellow headband?

(THE) GIRL WITH A PEARL EARRING

This play which premiered in Chicago in 1944 is considered to be autobiographical. Told from the perspective of Tom Wingfield, it is an account of his mentally and physically ill sister, who lives in a world of model animals. Identify this memory play

(THE) GLASS MENAGERIE

This mythic object resided in the land of Ares in Colchis [COAL-kiss]. Acquiring it meant overcoming a dragon and King Aetes' [ay-EE-teez] trials, feats accomplished with Medea's help. Name this object sought by the Argonauts, under Jason's leadership

(THE) GOLDEN FLEECE

In 1990, this drama won the Tony Award for Best Play. Identify the Frank Galati play about the Joad family's journey to California, which has the same title as the John Steinbeck novel on which it is based.

(THE) GRAPES OF WRATH

According to legend, this dance began when the younger volcano Hi'iaka [HE-ee-AH-kah] created a dance to please his sister Pele [peh-leh]. Identify this Hawaiian cultural dance, commonly performed by women.

(THE) HULA (DANCE OR DANCING)

At the end of this late 19th-century play, even Canon Chasuble [CHA-zuh-bul] gets the girl. Identify the "trivial comedy for serious people" that features the "Bunburyists" Algy and Jack, creations of Irish author Oscar Wilde.

(THE) IMPORTANCE OF BEING EARNEST

This process began in 1184, when Pope Lucius III required bishops to look into heresy in their dioceses. What was this Catholic institution, which reached its height under Tomás de Torquemada in fifteenth-century Spain?

(THE) INQUISITION

This general title was given to four acts of the British Parliament in retaliation for acts of colonial defiance. The first act closed the port of Boston; the second replaced Massachusetts' charter with a military government. What title was given to these acts, which included arrangements for housing British troops in American homes?

(THE) INTOLERABLE ACTS (Accept: COERCION [koh-UR-shuhn] ACTS OR COERCIVE [koh-UR-siv] ACTS)

This phrase is only used in the works of Adam Smith three times. However, it is frequently used to explain how the forces of the market regulate price. Give this anatomical metaphor for capitalism.

(THE) INVISIBLE HAND

Shall We Dance and "March of the Siamese Children" are two of the most famous songs from this musical. What is this musical about an American tutor who moves to Thailand to teach the King's many children?

(THE) KING AND i

With his characteristic black cap and bright smile, this pro golfer is the epitome [ih-PIT-uh-mee] of youth and success. What golfer won the U.S. Masters in 1997, becoming the youngest man to earn the title, and the first African-American to accomplis

(TIGER) WOODS (Accept: ELDRICK TONT WOODS)

She choreographed Deuce Coupe to the music of the Beach Boys. Identify this dancer and choreographer with an alliterative name, famous for her crossover ballets.

(TWYLA) THARP

Forces under this general Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in western Tennessee in 1862. Because of his successes, President Lincoln appointed him commander of all Union armies in 1864. Name the Union general who defeated Robert E. Lee, and later was twice elected president.

(ULYSSES S.) GRANT

In a speech to the National Association of Evangelicals, this man called the Soviet Union an "evil empire." He assured the nation, "The future doesn't belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave" after the 1986 Challenger explosion. Identify the leader who, in 1987 at the Brandenburg Gate, demanded, "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"

(RONALD) REAGAN

This Russian dancer was the son of two celebrated dancers. Heralded as "the eighth wonder of the world," he was first taught by his father, and soon was able to outperform his father's great leaps. What dancer and choreographer was known for his abi

(RUDOLF) NIJINSKY [nih-ZHIN-skee]

This president's election marked the end of what was known as radical reconstruction in the American South. To receive disputed electoral votes from South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana, he agreed to remove federal troops from states still under military occupation. Name this president, whose promise to not interfere with elections in the South ensured a return of traditional white supremacy.

(RUTHERFORD B.) HAYES

This Middle Eastern strongman took power in 1979. A member of the Ba'ath party, he pursued strong arm tactics throughout the region including the torture of his country's Olympic athletes, the gassing of his own people, and a war with several neighbor

(SADDAM) HUSSEIN

According to the gospels Jesus called this saint the rock upon which his future church would be built. What apostle was martyred in Rome, the home of the Catholic Church?

(SAINT ) PETER (ACCEPT: SIMON or SIMON PETER)

This sixth century Benedictine led a mission of 40 Catholic monks to England, which was then mainly pagan. With the support of King Ethelbert [ETH-uhl-burt] of Kent, they began their work in Canterbury. Name this man, who became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.

(SAINT) AUGUSTINE

This navigator was the first European to explore the Great Lakes. He established Quebec City in 1608 and served as the de facto governor of French Canada until his death in 1635. Give this explorer, often called "the Father of New France."

(SAMUEL) DE CHAMPLAIN [sham-PLANE]

This Englishman developed a detailed knowledge of cotton manufacturing, including how to construct its machinery. He immigrated to the United States despite British laws that prohibited such people from immigrating. Name this man, who brought his detailed knowledge to New England and helped to establish the first successful cotton mill in the United States.

(SAMUEL) SLATER

This artist of the Italian Renaissance, a favorite of Lorenzo de Medici, was almost lost to history until he was rediscovered in the nineteenth century. His most famous paintings illustrate stories from classical mythology with the linear grace typical of the Florentine School. Which artist is particularly renowned for his depictions of the goddess Venus?

(SANDRO) BOTTICELLI [bot-ih-CHEL-ee] (Accept: (ALESSANDRO) FILIPEPI)

Nicknamed the little barrel, this artist of Florence was a leader of the early Renaissance. He worked in all the genres [ZHAHN-ruhs] of art current in Florence at the time, including the small oblong panels he used for Adoration of the Magi. What ar

(SANDRO) BOTTICELLI [bot-ih-CHEL-ee] (Accept: ALESSANDRO DI MARIANO DI VANNI FILIPEPI)

This musical theatre star performed at the Opening Ceremonies of the Beijing Olympics while standing on top of a globe. Identify this actress, who was once married to Andrew Lloyd Webber and was the original Christine in The Phantom of the Opera.

(SARAH) BRIGHTMAN

She was a high school basketball player and resigned her term as Governor before her term was completed. She was the Republican candidate for Vice President, and is a self-described "Mama Grizzly." Identify this politician from Alaska.

(SARAH) PALIN

While living in Texarkana this musician's musical talent was noticed by a German-born music teacher who instructed him in classical piano. He traveled the country in minstrel shows, playing the cornet. What black musician composed Maple Leaf Rag nam

(SCOTT) JOPLIN

Many notable ballet dancers, including Anna Pavlova [PAH-vluh-vuh] and Vaslav Nijinsky [VAH-sluhf ni-ZHIN-skee], passed through this man's dance company. He also choreographed Stravinsky's ballets Petrushka [puh-TROOSH-kuh], The Firebird, and The Rite of Spring. Name the Russian impresario who founded the Ballet Russes [ROOS].

(SERGE) DIAGHILEV [dee-AH-guh-lef]

This ballet impresario died in Venice, Italy, in 1929. What Russian-born founder of the Ballets Russes commissioned Stravinsky to compose The Rite of Spring?

(SERGEI) DIAGHILEV [dee-AH-guh-lev]

Sir Isaac Newton praised this mathematician and founder of the Royal Society as one of the "greatest Geometers" of his time. Identify this architect whose portfolio included fifty-two churches, including St. Paul's Cathedral.

(SIR CHRISTOPHER) WREN

This British architect is quoted as saying, "If you want to see my monument, look around you!" His statement couldn't have been more true since he redesigned the churches of London after the Great Fire of 1666. What architect's most notable work, St

(SIR CHRISTOPHER) WREN

This admiral was the most famous seaman of the Elizabethan Age. Considered by many to be a pirate, he received a privateering commission from Queen Elizabeth, which was a license to plunder in the Spanish king's lands. Who was this man, who commanded the first English ship to circumnavigate the world?

(SIR FRANCIS) DRAKE

In 1948, this Shakespearean actor won two Academy Awards for his performance in Hamlet. Identify the British actor who, with the help of digital technology, played the villain in Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow, 60 years after he directed a film

(SIR LAURENCE) OLIVIER [oh-LIV-ee-ay]

In 1997, this English actor played Othello for the Shakespeare Theatre Company, the only white actor in an all-black production. What renowned Shakespearean actor also played Captain Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation, and Professor Xavier in th

(SIR PATRICK) STEWART

Only white actor in an all-black production. What renowned Shakespearean actor also played Captain Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation and Professor Xavier in the X-Men movies?

(SIR PATRICK) STEWART

This English nobleman and favorite of Queen Elizabeth the First for a period of time, was responsible for an attempt to establish a colony in America. Although he never arrived there himself, he did try to establish an ill-fated colony in present-day North Carolina. Identify this knight, who tried to establish the Roanoke Island colony.

(SIR WALTER) RALEIGH

. This Italian Saint was held prisoner during a civil war prior to the start of his ministry. He renounced worldly goods and embraced poverty. Expecting his followers to embrace poverty as well, he began his ministry preaching in towns and restoring ch

(ST.) FRANCIS (OF ASSISI)

This friar is known as the patron saint of animals, the environment, and of Italy. In a famous fresco by Giotto this man appears before the sultan in a trial by fire. Who is this Catholic saint who founded the Order of Friars Minor, also known as Fra

(ST.) FRANCIS (OF ASSISSI)

Directors use this practice to make sure that actors are able to move about the stage without interfering with another actor. What is this theater term that refers to the exact positioning of the actors in their respective blocks on stage?

(STAGE) BLOCKING

Born in Pennsylvania, this songwriter was primarily known for his parlor and minstrel music. Many of his songs remain popular even today, including "Oh! Susanna" and "Camptown Races." Name the American composer who wrote Kentucky's official state song.

(STEPHEN COLLINS) FOSTER

hough he has never held political office, this TV personality and satirist has a large impact on political thought. To point out what he considers flaws in our campaign finance system, he created a SuperPac with the slogan, "Making a Better Tomorrow,

(STEPHEN TYRONE) COLBERT [cole-BAIR]

This man was the Lucasian [LOO-KAY-shun] professor of mathematics at the University of Cambridge, a post once held by Sir Isaac Newton, until 2009. The radiation emitted by black holes is named for him. Identify this English cosmologist who suffers fr

(STEPHEN) HAWKING

He is the subject of a 2013 YALSA Nonfiction Finalist book. Karen Blumenthal dubbed him The Man Who Thought Different because he founded the company that produced the Mac, iPod, and iPhone. Name this late entrepreneur, the founder and CEO of Apple.

(STEVE) JOBS

This man's World War II films won him the 1993 and 1998 Best Director Oscars. The first of those movies was shot almost entirely in black and white, while the second starred Tom Hanks as an officer charged with rescuing the sole survivor of four broth

(STEVEN) SPIELBERG

Authorities arrested and fined this suffragette for casting an illegal vote in the 1872 Presidential election. In response, she argued that, "women are citizens; and no state has a right to make any law, or to enforce any old law, that shall abridge t

(SUSAN B.) ANTHONY

In her most famous speech, this historical figure quoted the U.S. Constitution's preamble, noting, it was "not we, the white male citizens...who formed the Union." She later asks, "Are women persons?" and argues that "no state has a right to make any law...that shall abridge their privileges." Name this suffragist, who delivered an 1873 speech "On Women's Right to Vote."

(SUSAN B.) ANTHONY

The inspiration for the musical Cats came from a 1939 collection of poetry by this author, titled Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats. Which modernist poet, after his conversion to Christianity, wrote poems like "Ash Wednesday" and Four Quartets?

(T.S.) ELIOT (Accept: THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT)

This tax was passed in 1828 to protect Northern manufacturing interests. However, it did such at the expense of the South, who gave it the name commonly used today. Name this nickname for this rather stringent tariff.

(TARIFF OF) ABOMINATIONS

At the age of fourteen, this singer moved to Nashville and quickly became the youngest songwriter ever hired by Sony Music. In 2008, she crossed over into pop music with her singles "Love Story" and "You Belong With Me." Which musical icon declares that "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together"?

(TAYLOR) SWIFT

This Texas-born musician is an accomplished recording artist and professional drummer. Who received acclaim for his portrayal of the title character in Jesus Christ Superstar in the 1973 film?

(TED) NEELEY

Her Dying Swan dance has been recognized as one of the most beautiful in ballet. Identify the first dancer to tour the world, who was born in Russia.

(ANNA) PAVLOVA

This man abandoned his family soon after meeting Mamah Cheney. His architectural school was located at Taliesin [tah-lee-ESS-un] West in Arizona. What architect designed Fallingwater?

(FRANK LLOYD) WRIGHT

In 1997, this man started a foundation whose stated mission is "to inspire and empower" cancer sufferers and their families. Who overcame testicular cancer to win the Tour de France bicycle race a record seven times?

(LANCE) ARMSTRONG

According to one saga, he sailed from Greenland to Norway about A.D. 1000, and was converted to Christianity. On his return, he sailed off course and landed not at Greenland but in an unknown land. What son of Eric the Red is given credit for establishing the first European settlement in the Americas?

#LEIF (ERIKSSON) (Accept: LEIF THE LUCKY)

As a result of this battle, its namesake town did not celebrate Independence Day until World War II. Identify this siege and turning point, beginning May 18 and ending July 4, 1863.

...

The catalyst for this amendment to the U.S. Constitution was the presidential election of 1800. Under the rules then in force, both Thomas Jefferson, the actual candidate for president, and the vice-presidential candidate Aaron Burr received the same number of electoral votes, forcing the House of Representatives to decide the winner. Identify, by number, this amendment, the second to be passed following the passage of the Bill of Rights.

12(TH AMENDMENT)

2. In this musical, the conservatives sing, "We'll dance together to the same minuet...ever to the right, never to the left." One character refuses to write a historical document in the song "But, Mr. Adams." Name this musical, which shares its title with

1776

This is a Scrabble scoring question. You're the first player to lay tiles on the board, and your word is "jams," as in jellies. How many points will you score for that word?

26 (TILES SCORE 8+1+3+1, PLUS DOUBLE WORD SCORE)

In this ballet position, the right arm is outstretched to the side while the left arm is rounded in front. What position also requires that your right heel rest against the inner contour of your left foot?

3RD (POSITION)

The United Nations stated that on the symbolic date of October 31, 2011, the world population reached this milestone. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the mark would be reached on March 12, 2012. Rounded to the nearest billion, what is the curren

7 (BILLION)

Common versions of this adaptation of several African instruments have four or five strings. Identify this instrument developed by enslaved Africans in the United States.

BANJO

This river of woe is one of the rivers to the Underworld. It is a bottomless river that flows from Tartarus. What is this river across which Charon transports the dead?

ARCHERON (DO NOT ACCEPT STYX)

These types of paintings were introduced in the Baroque era. These paintings created movement through the use of strong light and shadows. What type of paintings show movement?

ACTION

In ballet it means slow, unfolding movements. Identify this term, which in music also means slowly.

ADAGIO [uh-DAH-joe or uh-DAH-gee-oh]

This piece of classical music was prominently featured in the film Platoon. Beginning with a violin drone of B-flat, its first melody rises through the middle register in groups of three notes. Identify this Samuel Barber composition usually described

ADAGIO [uh-DAH-zhee-oh, uh-DAH-joh] FOR STRINGS

any bluegrass music aficionados would say that you can't play bluegrass without one of these. What dueling stringed instrument has a round body or pot and either a four- or five- stringed neck?

BANJO

Even though this word sounds like the name of a musical instrument, it is also a theatre term. Identify this term for the rail along which a curtain runs.

BANJO (TRACK)

The standard version of this instrument has a "chanterelle," or "drone" string, in addition to its other four. Two of them "duel" in a well-known piece. Name this folk instrument, often associated with bluegrass.

BANJO(S)

More than a hundred people died in this country in November 2012 in a fire at a factory that made sweaters and shorts. Five months later, more than a thousand people died when a garment factory collapsed in Savar, a suburb of the capital. What south Asian nation, once part of Pakistan, has its capital at Dhaka [DAK-uh]?

BANGLADESH

This dance originated during the Italian Renaissance. In the 16th century, this dance became the passion of Catherine de Medici. What is this dance form for which composers have created entire musical compositions?

BALLET

This Native American site was not surpassed in population by any American city until 1780. Across the river from St. Louis, Missouri, it encompassed 120 burial mounds over an area of 2200 acres. What is this largest Mississippian archaeological site?

CAHOKIA [cuh-HOHK-ee-uh]

Henry Hudson first discovered it on one of his missions for the Dutch East India Company. What is this river, whose waters famously aided a crossing on Christmas of 1776 by General Washington and his militia?

DELAWARE (RIVER)

This landform takes its name from the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. Examples formed when sediment deposited at the end of the Ganges [GAHN-jees], Nile, and Mississippi Rivers. Identify this triangle-shaped geographic landform where rivers empty

DELTA

A reaction against the brutality and destruction of World War I, it showcased artists like Man Ray and Marcel Duchamp [doo-SHAHM(p)]. Name this "anti-art" movement associated with Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2.

DADA(ISM) (Accept: DADA(IST) and other word forms)

Although many thought black dancers were incapable of classical ballet, this company refused to accept the prevailing view. Identify this first professional black ballet company founded by Arthur Miller.

DANCE THEATRE OF HARLEM

The word for this form of literature comes from a Latin word that simply means "story," but these stories usually teach a moral lesson. What type of story, associated with Charles Perrault [puh-ROH] and Aesop, often features talking animals?

FABLE(S)

When multiple chords are played simultaneously, this musical element is achieved. What is this musical element that is achieved when a barbershop quartet combines their four voices in a pleasant sounding song?

HARMONY

Robbers became the common name for these winged creatures in Greek mythology. What monsters had the ugly faces of old women and the bodies and talons of birds?

HARPIES

In its strictest definition, this term designates only the large wing-shaped instruments with strings perpendicular to the keyboard. For what instrument did Bach, Handel, and Haydn compose many great works?

HARPSICHORD

The speaker delivered this address from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Give the title of this iconic speech by Martin Luther King, Jr.

I HAVE A DREAM

The founder of this religious order was a Spanish soldier who received his inspiration while recovering from a wound. This order is regarded as the principal agent of the Counter-Reformation and was characterized by its centralized authority, obedien

JESUITS (ACCEPT: SOCIETY OF JESUS)

[see nine suss four over e]. Most historians associate its origins with New Orleans. Which musical genre did John Coltrane and Louis Armstrong popularize?

JAZZ

This city's name literally means "The Meadows" in Spanish, which is odd considering its location in southwestern United States. Its population boomed after the completion of the Hoover Dam. Name this city in Nevada.

LAS VEGAS

This musical type of performance came from the Renaissance and Baroque traditions. Identify this style of music, which was favored by Monteverdi and is often performed at large dinners around Christmas.

MADRIGAL

first worshipped in Roman homes, this goddess is equated with the Greek goddess Hestia. Who is the Roman goddess of the hearth?

VESTA

This colony was seized from the Dutch in 1664 and renamed after the King's brother. It included the second largest city in the colonies, which shared its name with the colony itself, and had an active fur trade along its Hudson River. Give this colony

NEW YORK

This American city was the only city where plays were permitted to be performed during the American Revolution. Identify this city that today is the home of drama on the great white way of Broadway.

NEW YORK (CITY)

. Often used to describe snobby girls, its literal translation is "first lady." What Italian phrase commonly used to describe a conceited girl also means the principal singer in an opera?

PRIMA DONNA

This war was fought between the two leading city-states in ancient Greece. Much of the fighting took place in and around the mountainous peninsula that gives the war its name. Name this war, in which Sparta and its allies defeated Athens near the end of the fifth century B.C.

PELOPONNESIAN [pel-uh-puh-NEE-zhuhn] (WAR)

This geographic feature is in danger of being eliminated due to widespread deforestation. It comes in tropical and temperate types. Name this kind of place and climate zone known for its large amount of rainfall.

RAINFOREST

This game originated in France and is played by tossing metal balls towards a wooden one. What game similar to bocce is over when one team reaches 13?

PÉTANQUE

The string quartet remains one of the most popular ensembles for playing chamber music. Spell the word in the previous sentence that refers to a group of four musicians.

Q-U-A-R-T-E-T

The Celts divided the year into two seasons of which this celebration marked the beginning of the dark season. What is this Celtic celebration that occurs on November 1 and marks the end of summer and winter's beginning?

SAMHAIN

In August 2012, this company lost a lawsuit some described as, whether or not "cool" could be patented. That decision could lead to a ban on the sale of this company's "Galaxy" line of products. Name this Korean company, a chief smartphone rival of Ap

SAMSUNG

First and last name required. This Bostonian was responsible for establishing the committee of correspondence of Boston, which helped keep communication among the colonies in the fight against the British. He was one of the first to call for American independence. Name this radical second cousin of our second president, who signed the Declaration of Independence.

SAMUEL ADAMS

Cities and team names are required. These three teams are tied for first place in NFL Super Bowl record books with five Super Bowl championships each. Identify these three teams.

SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS, DALLAS COWBOYS, PITTSBURGH STEELERS (IN ANY ORDER)

First and last name answer. This professional tennis player has been ranked as the number one singles player for six times between 2002 and 2013. Who is this cultural icon whose sister Venus is also a talented tennis player.

SERENA (JAMEKA) WILLIAMS

This part of an experiment changes between experimental and control groups. When the effects of water are tested on plants, one group is watered and one group is not watered. What term refers to the aspect of an experiment which is intentionally alte

VARIABLE

Appalachians call this geographical feature a "holler." Famous examples include the Grand Canyon and the one of the Shadow of Death. Give this landform, a depression extending in one direction.

VALLEY

This town witnessed 2500 Americans die of disease and exposure between 1777 and 1778. In which Pennsylvania town did the Continental Army stay for a long, cold winter?

VALLEY FORGE

Derived from the Sanskrit language, this word means "meditation." Although this religion traces its origins to India, it was formalized in China, then spread to Japan, where it became the favored religion of the samurai. What sect of Buddhism believ

ZEN (BUDDHISM)

A statue of this Greek god was built by the famous sculptor Pheidias [phy-DEE-us] and was among the seven wonders of the ancient world. Identify this deity who was the ruler of the gods of Olympus.

ZEUS

This dynasty lasted from 1046 to 256 B.C., the longest in its country's history. During this time, iron working was discovered and philosophers such as Confucius and Laozi [LAO zee] were active. Give this Chinese dynasty which came after the Shang [SH

ZHOU [CHOH] (DYNASTY)

The legendary Towel of Babel [BAA-buhl] may have been one of these ancient structures. They were built by Sumerians [suh-MEHR-ee-ans] and later Babylonians as refuges from flood and temples. Give this form of step pyramid built throughout Mesopotamia

ZIGGURAT

One of the oldest of these "abodes for the gods" was constructed in the ancient city of Uruk [oo-ROOK], which is located in modern day Iraq. What is the name for these platform temples used in worship services by the Sumerians?

ZIGGURAT(S) [ZIG-ur-at]

In 1940, this man confessed to his cabinet that he had nothing to offer them but "blood, toil, tears, and sweat." In the wake of Dunkirk's successful evacuation, he assured listeners, "we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds...we shall never surrender." Identify this prime minister, who led Britain through World War II.

(WINSTON) CHURCHILL

This singer/songwriter has been working with the governor of Tennessee to combat online predators. Whose debut single, "Tim McGraw," reached

6 on the Billboard charts two years before she went on tour for her album Fearless?

This name was given to a plague pandemic that ravaged Europe for several years during the middle of the 14th century A.D. One way this plague entered Europe was on the backs of rodents infested with plague-carrying fleas. Name this plague, identified by a color, which killed up to a third of Europe's population?

BLACK DEATH Accept: BLACK PLAGUE

First and last name required. Albert Gallatin once sarcastically referred to this person as "Mrs. President". She frequently wrote to her husband, documenting their lives, progressive marriage, and the American Revolution

ABIGAIL ADAMS

In the Jewish tradition this man is referred to as "Our Father". He plays an important role in the founding of four traditions. Identify this Biblical character, who bore two sons, Isaac and Ishmael?

ABRAHAM

Found on the banks of Lake Nasser, it is part of what are called the Nubian Monuments. What is this monument to himself and his queen, Nefertari [nef-ur-TAH-ree]?

ABU SIMBEL [ah-boo-SIM-bul]

The premier of this overture was delayed by police for two weeks because they feared it would stir up trouble at the university where the premier was held. Its main melodies come from tavern songs that were well-known to German college students. Which work did Brahms compose for the occasion of his receiving an honorary doctorate of music degree?

ACADEMIC FESTIVAL (OVERTURE)

When a musician gradually speeds up the tempo of a piece of music, he is following this musical direction. What is this musical direction that is the opposite of ritardando?

ACCELERANDO

Early versions of this instrument were developed in Germany in the early 1800s. Today it is popular with folk musicians across Europe. It consists of a set of bellows with piano-like keys on one side, and rows of buttons on the other. Name this instrument that is related to the concertina.

ACCORDION

This art medium does not have a natural base. Its synthetic base dissolves in water and has colored pigments mixed into it. What is this medium that is thinner than oil, dries more quickly than oil, and has an opaque appearance?

ACRYLIC (PAINT)

First name answer only. John Walsh, the host of TV's America's Most Wanted, first gained national attention after the abduction and murder of his son. Identify this boy, in whose memory the program for helping lost children in department stores is nam

ADAM

This body of water contains hundreds of islands, including Rhodes and Crete. Since the ports of Ephesus [EF-uh-sis] and Athens sat on It, it was central to Ancient Greek civilization. Give this sea, which borders Greece and Turkey.

AEGEAN [uh-JEE-un] (SEA)

In Greek mythology, Oddyseus asked this inhabitant of a floating island to help him get back to Ithaca. Identify this Greek god known as the "keeper of the winds."

AEOLUS [ay-OH-luss]

In Greek myth, there are three figures who bore this name. Of the three, the one best known is the son of Poseidon and ruler of the winds. Who is he?

AEOLUS [ee-OH-lus]

This Greek playwright was a Marathon-warrior. Of his ninety plays only seven exist today. Identify this first dramatist who wrote The Oresteia trilogy.

AESCHYLUS

Eero Saarinen designed one of these structures with a concave roof and floor to ceiling glass walls, which has the three letter designation I-A-D. Part of one of these structures in New York was known as the Worldport, and that one featured a large ci

AIRPORT(S) (Accept (DULLES) (INTERNATIONAL) AIRPORT, (JOHN F. KENNEDY) (INTERNATIONAL) AIRPORT, and reasonable equivalents)

Food that is prepared in this manner tends to have a lower glycemic [gligh-SEE-mick] index, whether it is rice or pasta. Give the Italian expression that literally means "to the bite" or "to the tooth," which is generally used to refer to what most Am

AL DENTE [AL DEN-tay]

Originally a mission, this structure would later achieve great importance in 1836. Fortified by settlers desiring independence from Mexico, the defenders were joined by volunteers such as Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie. Though their defense was doomed,

ALAMO

Russia wanted to sell it, because they were afraid it might be seized if war broke out with Britain. U.S. Secretary of State William Seward wanted to buy it, and did in 1867, with the final price amounting to about two cents per acre. Name this place, which was ridiculed by some as Seward's Folly, and in 1959 became our 49th state.

ALASKA

This state, though on the continent, does not touch any other American state. It is the northernmost and the largest U.S. state. Identify this American state, which has its capital at Juneau.

ALASKA

He was king of Macedonia [mas-i-DOH-nee-uh], and overthrew the Persian Empire including Egypt. He led his troops into India before returning to the Middle East to consolidate his empire. Name this emperor, who died at age 32, after which his empire was divided up by his generals.

ALEXANDER (THE GREAT)

This ruler, for whom an Egyptian city is named, was tutored by Aristotle at a young age. He was the son of Philip the Second of Macedon [MASS-uh-don] and finished his father's dream of freeing Asia Minor. Identify this Greek leader who conquered the P

ALEXANDER (THE GREAT) (THE THIRD OF MACEDON)

Sometimes the format of the drama creates this effect on the audience. What is this effect that is often created through the use of a narrator to remove the audience from the play's action?

ALIENATION (EFFECT)

4 This painting style allows for colors to be blended on both the canvas and the palette. From the Italian for "on the first try," paintings done in this style must be completed before the undercoating and pigments have dried. Identify this painting tec

ALLA PRIMA (Accept: WET ON WET)

This music tempo has around 120 beats per minute. Often used for marches, what tempo marking means to play a piece of music "fast"?

ALLEGRO

This Italian tempo marking is paired with "con fuoco" [kon foo-OH-koh] in the fourth movement of Dvorak's [d'VORE-zhocks] "New World Symphony." This tempo marking commonly encompasses anything from 112 to 144 beats per minute. What seven-letter Italia

ALLEGRO [uh-LEH-groh, uh-LAY-groh]

Although it means "high" in some Latin-derived languages, this word has a different connotation in singing. Give the name of this lowest singing female voice in a four-part choir.

ALTO

The source of this river is located in the Andes Mountains. It is known for its varied wildlife including animal eating fish such as the piranha. What is the second longest river in the world?

AMAZON

This region accounts for more than half of the world's remaining rainforests. It primarily sits in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia, and shares its name with the world's second-longest river. Name this South American rainforest.

AMAZON (RAINFOREST)

This river accounts for one-fifth of the world's water flow. Slightly shorter than the Nile, it is the world's-second longest river. Name this river, which flows through a Brazilian rainforest of the same name.

AMAZON (RIVER)

This river drains an area of some 2.7 million square miles. It begins high in the Andes Mountains, and travels eastward thousands of miles into the Atlantic Ocean. Name the river that includes the largest drainage system in the world, and rivals the Nile River in length.

AMAZON (RIVER)

This Italian navigator made at least two voyages to the New World, the first for Spain, and the second for Portugal. It was during the second voyage that he became convinced that the newly discovered lands were not Asia, but a new land. Name this geographer, whose name became attached to this "New World."

AMERIGO VESPUCCI [uh-MER-i-goh ve-SPOO-chee]

Founded in the 1500s after breaking away from the Zurich state church, this sect of Mennonites followed Jakob Ammann [YAH-kop AHM-mahn]. They emigrated to Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century when others rejoined the main Mennonite group. What Christian sect still lives mainly in rural Pennsylvania, and shuns modern technology, innovations, and worldly ways?

AMISH (MENNONITE)

This type of theatre became prominent in Greece due to the hills and mountains that surrounded the city-states. What type of theatre is characterized by seating that is located on a hillside with the action taking place on the stage below?

AMPHITHEATRE

This plan was proposed by General Winfield Scott early in the American Civil War. Its purpose was the strangulation of the South by Union land and naval forces. What was this plan, which called for a naval blockade of the Confederate coast and was named for a big constricting snake?

ANACONDA (PLAN)

Architectural remains of this cultural group can be found at Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado. Give the name of this prehistoric Native American culture centered in the Four Corners region of the US who are known for their cliff dwellings.

ANASAZI [AH-nuh-SAH-zee] (Accept: ANCIENT PUEBLO PEOPLE or ANCESTRAL PUEBLOANS)

Descendents of these people make up the modern Pueblo tribes of southwestern United States. Their civilization existed from about 100 A.D. to 1600 A.D., and was centered in what is called the "four-corners" region of the Southwest. Identify these people, whose name comes from a Navajo word meaning "ancestors of the enemy."

ANASAZI [ah-nuh-SAH-zee]

Multiple answer required. These three Germanic peoples invaded the island of Britain in the fifth century A.D. One group gave their name to England, and another settled in Essex, Wessex and Sussex. Name these three peoples, who also included those who were probably from the Jutland region of Denmark.

ANGLES, SAXONS, JUTES (ANY ORDER)

A simple form of this art media can be created with a flip book with small pictures drawn in the lower corner. What is this art media for which Walt Disney and Pixar have become famous?

ANIMATION

English borrowed this six-letter word from Japanese — which borrowed it from English in a longer form. What word refers to a style of animation popular in Japanese films?

ANIME

This belief is common in many tribal religions as well as some more widespread religions. Identify the term for the belief that natural objects such as trees and rocks possess a soul or spirit.

ANIMISM

Howard Gray's popular comic strip was the basis for this 1977 Broadway musical. One song in the musical promises that "the sun'll come out tomorrow." In what musical does a young orphan girl try to keep a positive attitude while trying to get out of the orphanage?

ANNIE

Irving Berlin composed the music and wrote the lyrics of this Broadway musical. Identify this musical in which the title character is based on the Wild West Star, Annie Oakley.

ANNIE GET YOUR GUN

In most stories, this type of character plays the role of villain, and some famous examples include Iago from Othello, Count Dracula, and Hannibal Lecter. Give the literary term for the character who tries to oppose the action of the main character.

ANTAGONIST

In the northern US, this era featured a great growth in manufacturing, while in the south it saw an increase in plantation agriculture, especially cotton. This era's later years were marked by struggles over states' rights and slavery. Identify this p

ANTEBELLUM

This Greek goddess is the ultimate symbol of classic beauty. Supposedly she was born when she arose from the ocean foam. Who is this Greek goddess whose Roman counterpart is Venus?

APHRODITE

This "physician" god is the first deity mentioned in the Hippocratic Oath. The twin brother of Artemis, he was the power behind the legendary Oracle at Delphi [DELL-fye]. Name this god of healing, light, and art.

APOLLO

This mountain range runs from Maine to Alabama. Its peaks, including Mount Mitchell and Black Mountain, are rich in coal. What are these mountains, which run through Eastern Kentucky?

APPALACHIAN (MOUNTAINS) (Accept: APPALACHIANS)

This ballet's title was finalized after the music was composed. During composition, it was referred to as "Ballet for Martha." Set in a small Pennsylvania town in the 1800s, it prominently features a Shaker hymn tune. What ballet that uses the tune "S

APPALACHIAN SPRING

This physical feature of the United States played a vital role in the settlement of the entire continent in our nation's early history. It includes Vermont's Green Mountains, New York's Catskills, the Allegheny Mountains, and the Great Smoky Mountains. Name this mountain chain, through which the Cumberland Gap passes.

APPALACHIAN(S) (MOUNTAINS) [ap-uh-LAY-chuhn]

Even though this word sounds like something a cook might wear, it is also a theatre term. Identify the term for the part of the stage which projects in front of the curtain.

APRON

The Pont du Gard [pawnt-doo-gahr] in France, along with many others of its kind built throughout the Roman Empire, were some of the greatest engineering feats of the ancient world. Give the name for these man-made channels that carried water from one

AQUEDUCT(S)

These engineering innovations were used in Egypt, India, and Persia, but the Romans are regarded as the greatest builders of these structures. Systems of these structures were built throughout the empire. The system for Rome consisted of 11 structure

AQUEDUCT(S)

This movement started in Tunisia in December 2010. It spawned the overthrow of Tunisian, Egyptian, and Libyan dictators, and started a civil war in Syria. Name this spread of democracy throughout the Muslim world.

ARAB SPRING

The ancestor of this widely spoken Semitic language survives in inscriptions from the 8th century B.C. Identify the official language of Sudan, Jordan, Lebanon, and Egypt, all of which have predominately Muslim populations.

ARABIC

Hubris was the downfall of many figures in mythology, including this weaver, who was the daughter of Idmon. She boasted of her skill with the loom, and challenged the goddess Athena to a contest. What character in Greek mythology was transformed into a spider so she could weave forever?

ARACHNE [uh-RAK-nee]

This art media can be seen along the skylines of New York. It can also be found in the Midwest prairie homes of Frank Lloyd Wright. What is the preferred media of such artists as Sullivan and Jefferson?

ARCHITECTURE

In 1912, it became the 48th state to enter into the Union, and it is currently the youngest of the contiguous states. Two of its main geographic attractions include the Barringer Meteor Crater and the Petrified Forest National Park.

ARIZONA

Sometimes this music is called serious music. This music is composed in a classical tradition and is not passed down through popular means. What is this music that might be composed for its own sake?

ART (MUSIC)

. Basically a modernization of styles and themes from the past, this art style flourished in architecture, jewelry, and furniture between the two world wars. In what style of architecture did William Van Alen design the Chrysler Building?

ART DECO

Basically a modernization of styles and themes from the past, this art style flourished in architecture, jewelry, and furniture between the two world wars. In what style of architecture did William Van Alen design the Chrysler Building?

ART DECO

This art movement flourished between the 1880s and World War I. This movement took its inspiration from nature. What is this art movement that literally means "new art"?

ART NOUVEAU

In Greek mythology she was the daughter of Zeus and Leto, as well as the twin sister of Apollo. Give the name for this goddess of the moon, hunt, wild animals, and childbirth.

ARTEMIS

In classical mythology, this goddess was the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and a favorite goddess of the rural population. She was worshipped as the protector of wild animals and women, and mistress of the hunt. What twin sister of Apollo was usually depicted with a stag or hunting dog and carrying a bow and arrow?

ARTEMIS

This document created a single-vote-per-state legislature, and left open the possibility of acquiring Canada. Under it, executive and judicial branches did not exist, and the legislature did not have the power to raise armies or to tax. Name this docu

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

This plan of government went into effect in 1781. It made the new nation very weak, and the national government had no executive branch and no army. Identify this document replaced by the Constitution on March 4, 1789.

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

This Greek god's children include Hygiene and Healing. He was killed by Zeus after he raised Hippolytus [hip-uh-LYE-tus] from the dead. What son of Apollo was the god of medicine?

ASCLEPIUS [as-KLEE-pee-us]

This geographic area contains the world's highest mountains and some of the globe's longest rivers. Name this continent, the world's largest in population

ASIA

This technique is often used to reveal to the audience what a character is thinking. It is also used to flash back to something that happened previously in the play. What theater technique can also be used to bring comic relief to a situation as the

ASIDE

The components of this common drug were first extracted from the bark of willow trees. Known as acetylsalicylic [uh-SEE-tuhl-sal-uh-SIL-ik] acid, what household drug is used to relieve minor pain, reduce fever, and prevent heart attacks?

ASPIRIN

This ancient kingdom of northern Mesopotamia reached its height under a series of strong kings including Ashurbanipal [ah-shoor-BAH-nee-pahl]. Their archaeological sites today include Nineveh and Ashur. Identify this kingdom, whose name includes the name of a currently war-torn nation in the Middle East.

ASSYRIA [uh-SEER-ee-uh]

She said she would marry the man who could beat her in a foot race, and she speared those she overtook. Many died until Hippomenes [hih-POM-men-EES] used the golden apples of the Hesperides [heh-SPER-uh-deez] to distract her. What Greek huntress stopped to pick up the golden apples, and thus lost the footrace?

ATALANTA (Not: ATLANTA)

The celebrated orator Demosthenes [dih-MOS-thuh-neez] tried to convince the citizens of this city-state to fight against Philip II, the invading Macedonian king. Which ancient Greek city-state saw the development of modern public speaking at the hand

ATHENS

This small, isolated mountain range rises from the Great Plains, reaching its highest elevation at Harney Peak. In 1877, after the land was taken from the Sioux tribe, the Homestake Mine there became the largest gold mine in the U.S. What South Dakota range is home to Mount Rushmore?

BLACK HILLS

Stories about this English pirate claim that he buried treasure all along the coasts of Virginia and North Carolina, and Hampton, Virginia, even holds an annual festival in his honor. What legendary captain of The Queen Anne's Revenge was killed in 17

BLACKBEARD (Accept: (EDWARD) TEACH)

This legendary object lies on the south wall of a castle in County Cork, Ireland. Each year, visitors climb the castle and lean over its parapet to kiss the object. Name this rock, which allegedly gives kissers the "gift of gab."

BLARNEY (STONE)

This conflict included pro-slavery Border Ruffians, led by William Quantrill, and anti-slavery Free-Staters, one of whom was John Brown. It featured a Constitutional fight and several battles, including the Pottawatomie [POT-uh-WAHT-uh-mee] massacres.

BLEEDING KANSAS

This theatrical process is used to keep characters talking with their sides to the audience instead of their backs. What production term is used to refer to the positioning of actors and actresses throughout the play?

BLOCKING

This musical style was performed by Robert Johnson. A festival in Henderson, Kentucky, is named for W.C. Handy and celebrates this genre. What style is performed in the Mississippi Valley and is the art of choice for B.B. King?

BLUES

This musical genre [ZHAN-ruh] takes its name from the seventh, sixth, and third scale degrees' bending. One of its common chord patterns comprises twelve bars. Which "colorful" American musical genre showcased Muddy Waters and B.B. King?

BLUES (Accept: BLUE(S) (NOTE(S)))

Originally a Spanish dance in three-quarter time, this dance became Americanized in the mid-1930s. What dance is often called the Cuban "Dance of Love" because of its slow, dreamy tempo and beautiful melodies?

BOLERO [boe-LAIR-oh]

This South American country contains the world's highest navigable lake, Lake Titicaca [tee-tee-KAH-kah]. It also contains the world's highest capital city at La Paz [lah PAHS]. Name this landlocked country, where about half its citizens live on the Altiplano [al-tuh-PLAH-noh], a windswept plateau that lies between two parallel ridges of the Andes Mountains.

BOLIVIA

This type of dance is a combination of traditional dance with western-style movements. What dance from India was seen in the movie Slumdog Millionaire and takes its name for the nickname of the Indian film industry?

BOLLYWOOD

Also called honky tonk for the bars where it was played, this style of jazz got its name from a recording by Clarence "Pinetop" Smith. What style of music originated in the 1920s and can be heard in such music as its namesake Bugle Boy of Company B s

BOOGIE-WOOGIE

This arm is used to place the camera or microphone close to the actors onstage. What is this telescoping arm that can be tiny, or so large that it requires a special transport via a motor vehicle?

BOOM

The name for this style of music comes from a Portuguese phrase that means "new trend." It evolved in the beach culture of South America from a union of samba and cool jazz. Name this Brazilian style of music in syncopated two-four time with simple musical arrangements and emphasis on vocal improvisation.

BOSSA NOVA

This city, on the Shawmut Peninsula, was founded in 1630, and named for the town in Lincolnshire [LING-kun-sheer] from which many of its residents had emigrated. One fourth of its area is water, including a section of the Charles River. What city, once the home of Paul Revere, saw its annual marathon race marred by the explosion of two bombs in 2013?

BOSTON (MASSACHUSETTS)

This race was inspired by the competition at the 1896 Olympics in Athens, and is considered the oldest annual race of its kind. On April 15, 2013, what historic race was rocked when two bombs detonated near the finish line, killing three people?

BOSTON MARATHON

Samuel Adams depicted this incident as a battle for the liberty of the colonies. His cousin John Adams, however, successfully defended the men who went on trial for murder. In what 1770 incident did British soldiers fire on local workers and sailors, leading to the deaths of five including Crispus Attucks?

BOSTON MASSACRE

This action had its origins in an act passed by the British Parliament that granted a monopoly on the import of a certain product into the colonies. Resistance to this act came to a head when Governor Thomas Hutchinson insisted that ships carrying this product be allowed to unload it in Boston. What three-word phrase identifies this action, in which several hundred chests containing this product were dumped in the harbor by patriots dressed as Indians?

BOSTON TEA PARTY

Identify the gender-specific, two-word phrase that refers to groups such as The Jonas Brothers, Backstreet Boys, and N-Sync.

BOY BAND(S)

This organization promotes good citizenship by encouraging its members to learn and practice a series of 12 laws. The first of these is to be trustworthy, and the last is to be reverent. Identify this organization, whose pledge begins, "On my honor, I will do my best ...".

BOY SCOUTS (OF AMERICA)

Intensive indoctrination is the way this act of persuasion is performed. It was used on American prisoners during the Korean War. Identify the term that describes a method of systematically changing attitudes or altering beliefs through torture, drugs, or psychological-stress techniques.

BRAINWASHING

These six works were commissioned by the younger brother of King Frederick the First of Prussia, after hearing the composer perform. Each work is classified as a concerto grosso [kun-CHER-toe GROH-soh], in which a group of several soloists performs together with a small orchestra. Which group of works by Bach is named after a region in Germany?

BRANDENBURG CONCERTOS

John Philip Sousa not only composed marches, he also gave his name to the sousaphone. The sousaphone belongs to which musical family?

BRASS

This family of instruments is played by "buzzing" the lips into the mouthpiece. What is this family of musical instruments that includes the alphorn, the serpent, and the tuba?

BRASS

This country ranks fifth in the world, both in area and population. Many people think its main language is Spanish, but it's actually Portuguese. Name this country, whose the major cities are Sao Paulo [sahn POW-loh] and Rio de Janeiro [REE-oh dey zhuh-NAIR-oh].

BRAZIL

This style of dance was created by the African-American youth in New York City. What style includes moves such as popping and freezes, and can be performed by two people in a "battle"?

BREAK (DANCE or DANCING)

Four basic elements of this dance style are toprock, downrock, freezes, and power moves. Identify this street dance style, beginning with the letter B, that grew out of the hip hop movement.

BREAK (DANCE) (ING)

A battle here on June 17, 1775, discouraged the British from attacking Dorchester Heights above Boston. It enabled General Washington to later fortify that place with enough heavy guns to threaten the British in Boston. Although known as the Battle of Bunker hill, on what hill was most of the fighting in the first major battle of the American Revolution fought?

BREED'S HILL (Accept: BUNKER HILL)

This ballad by Simon and Garfunkel was one of the most popular songs of the 1970s. What is this rock ballad that won Grammys for both Record of the Year and Song of the Year in 1971?

BRIDGE OVER TROUBLED WATERS

This painting was created shortly after the artist moved to New York City, and it is inspired by Manhattan's city grid. The perpendicular lines are yellow with red, blue, and white squares, instead of the solid black the artist often used. Identify this Piet Mondrian [PEET mon-dree-AHN] painting whose title is an homage to his favorite city and his favorite dance.

BROADWAY BOOGIE-WOOGIE

This material composes Cellini's [chell-EEN-eez] statue Perseus with the Head of Medusa, notable for its portrayal of dripping blood. Rodin [roh-DAN] created a statue entitled The Age of this material. Identify this common statuary material, an alloy

BRONZE

This case started when thirteen Topeka parents filed suit to reverse segregation. The Court unanimously ruled that segregation violated the Equal Protection Clause, thereby overturning Plessy v. Ferguson. What was this 1954 Supreme Court case?

BROWN V. BOARD (OF EDUCATION)

Although Siddhartha Gautama [sid-ARE-thah gah-TOM-ah] is commonly called this, anyone who achieves nirvana is one. What name is given to one who has become enlightened?

BUDDHA

This religious figure, whose teachings are known as "sutras," was born Siddharta Gautama. Sects of the religion propagated by this man include Mahayana [MAH-hah-YAHN-ah] and Zen. Name this religious figure, who taught his followers about the path to n

BUDDHA

The name by which many people know him means the "awakened one." In his first sermon after his enlightenment, he set forth the Four Noble Truths. Name the found of a major philosophical system that includes such varieties as Mahayana [mah-huh-YAH-nuh] and Zen.

BUDDHA (Accept: GAUTAMA SIDDHARTHA [either or both])

This religion was founded by Siddhartha Gautama [sih-DARTH-tuh GO-tuh-muh] between the 6th and 4th centuries B.C. It focuses on achieving nirvana, or escape from the endless cycle of rebirth and death. Name this religion which originated in India but

BUDDHISM

This religion emphasizes meditation and devotion to deities. Its leader taught that nothing is permanent. What is this religion founded by Prince Siddhartha Gautama?

BUDDHISM (Accept word forms)

These plans are often the source of political conflict, and Paul Ryan proposed one last year. They are used by individuals, corporations, and governments to anticipate spending, borrowing and saving. Name this financial plan for expected expenses and

BUDGET

This instrument is traditionally made of brass, usually lacks valves or keys, and can often be found in military marching bands. Identify this instrument used to play reveille and taps.

BUGLE

Created in San Francisco in 1952, this dance is a favorite at kid's parties. What dance could be led by the legendary lagomorph [LAG-uh-morf] who delivers eggs at Easter?

BUNNY HOP

This type of support allows exterior walls to be built higher by providing support and stability. It functions by redirecting the weight of the roof pushing against the walls. Identify this architectural feature that can be clasping, diagonal, or flying.

BUTTRESS

This name has been given to the medieval empire located within the bounds of the eastern provinces of the old Roman Empire. Its capital city stood on a triangular peninsula between Europe and Asia. Give the name of this empire, which is derived from the ancient name of the place that became Constantinople.

BYZANTINE (EMPIRE)

In his native language, this man was known as "Thunder Traveling to the Loftier Mountain Heights." After witnessing several chiefs' deaths and his people's flight to the hills, he surrendered to General Howard, agreeing to settle on an Idaho reservation. Name this Nez Perce [NEZ PURS] leader, who declared, "From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever."

CHIEF JOSEPH

Her real name was Martha Jane Canary. After marrying Charlie Burke, she toured the Midwest in Wild West shows for six years. Name this frontierswoman, best known for her association with Wild Bill Hickok.

CALAMITY JANE

. The cast and crew of a movie are informed as to where and when they are to report for the day's filming by this notice. What is this sheet that summons the cast and crew?

CALL (SHEET)

People who practice this art must form characters correctly and maintain harmony of proportions. In Islamic and Chinese cultures, it was as highly regarded as painting. The name of what art form comes from Greek words that mean "beautiful writing"?

CALLIGRAPHY

This muse was the oldest and most beautiful of all the muses. She was the mother of Orpheus, who could play the lyre even as a baby. Identify this muse of epic poetry that lends its name to a musical instrument that forces air through whistles.

CALLIOPE

This card game was invented in Uruguay in 1939, and its name means "basket" in Spanish. Name this double-deck variation of rummy, which requires seven cards of the same rank to score.

CANASTA

This dance's best known accompaniment was composed by Jacques Offenbach [ZHOCK OFF-in-bock]. The film Moulin Rouge claims that this dance is done "because we can," and it also names a musical by Cole Porter. Name this dance whose most famous step invol

CANCAN

This rock ballad was written in honor of Marilyn Monroe years after her death and rewritten after the death of an English princess. What is this ballad by Elton John that honored Princess Di?

CANDLE IN THE WIND

This Baroque piece was originally intended for a trio of violins. What music piece by Pachelbel [POCK-ul-bell] is commonly played at events such as weddings and graduations?

CANON IN D

In the summer of 2013, the Roman Catholic church decided that two former Popes were going to be made saints. What term refers to this process of saint-making in Catholicism?

CANONIZING (Accept word forms)

Bach wrote one of these chorale-based compositions, whose name comes from the Latin for "to sing," about coffee. During his first years in Leipzig [LAHYP-zig], Bach also wrote one each week for his Lutheran church.

CANTATA(S)

This architectural element is a beam that is supported on only one end. What element is prominently displayed in the balcony at Fallingwater?

CANTILEVER

Bartolomeu Dias is credited with being the first explorer to reach this place. On his first voyage, Vasco de Gama stopped there on his way to India. Cape Town is 50 kilometers north of what famed southern point in South Africa?

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE (Accept: CAPE OF STORMS or CAPE AGULHAS)

The development of this economic system began with the growth of the English textile industry. It is also referred to as a free enterprise economy or a free market economy. Identify this economic system, in which the means of production are privately owned, and production is guided through the operation of markets.

CAPITALISM

Samson and Gregory are servants of this noble house, so they naturally come into conflict with Benvolio [ben-VOH-lee-oh]. In William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, to which of the noble houses of Verona does Juliet belong?

CAPULET

This painter showed Christ pointing at a disciple illuminated by a window in his Calling of St. Matthew, one of his trio of paintings of Matthew. He used a radical style of lighting in his paintings that greatly influenced the generations after him. Wh

CARAVAGGIO [kar-uh-VAH-joh]

This type of artwork, beginning with the letter C, was utilized by the French painter, Honore Daumier [oh-NOHR-ay dohm-YAY], and can still be found at fairs all across the country. What is this type of artwork that exaggerates the qualities or peculiar

CARICATURE

Because Ajax assaulted this woman on Athena's altar, Athena destroyed the Greek fleet in vengeance. The daughter of Priam [PRY-um], she brought a curse on herself after breaking her amorous promise to Apollo. Name this Trojan prophetess, whose accurat

CASSANDRA

One man with this surname ruled a small Caribbean nation for almost fifty years, before relinquishing control to his brother in 2008. That brother, who served as his country's defense minister before assuming power, orchestrated the 26th of July Movement that helped his sibling overthrow Batista [bah-TEES-tah]. Give the last name of Raul and Fidel, the current and former presidents of Cuba.

CASTRO

This musical's protagonist sings about life with the "Jet Set" while masquerading as a pilot with PanAm. That protagonist's first con is posing as a French teacher. Name this musical about Frank Abagnale, Jr., based on the film starring Tom Hanks and

CATCH ME IF YOU CAN

This Broadway show was based on a collection of poems by T.S. Eliot in which the author assumed the fictional name of Old Possum. Which musical features characters like Rum Tum Tugger, Grizabella, and Old Deuteronomy?

CATS

This musical closes with instructions on how to "address" the title creatures. At its climax, the glamorous Grizabella ascends to the Heaviside [HEV-ee-side] Layer. Name this Broadway musical, whose characters include Old Deuteronomy [doo-tuh-RON-uh-m

CATS

. This orchestral instrument resembles a small piano. It consists of a series of small metal bars with a keyboard and a simplified piano action in which small, felt hammers strike the bars. What instrument is used to make the tinkling sound in Tchaiko

CELESTA [suh-LES-tuh]

. This practice was enforced in the UK's theaters until the 1970s. When it was done to the works of William Shakespeare, it led to the popularity of the word "bowdlerize," after the man who did it. What highly controversial practice involves the suppres

CENSORSHIP (Accept other forms of the word

In 768, he succeeded his father, Pepin the Short, as King of the Franks. He brought the Carolingian dynasty to its height by ruling the West as Charles I. Who served as the first Holy Roman Emperor from 800 to 814?

CHARLEMAGNE

This South American country is the home of the Atacama [at-uh-KAM-uh] Desert. The Strait of Magellan passes through its southern end. Name this long, skinny country, with the longest Pacific coastline in South America.

CHILE

This beast is part lion, part dragon, and part goat. This offspring of Typhon and Echidna belches fire. What is this monster that terrorized Asia Minor until Bellerophon killed it?

CHIMERA

This country was united by Qin Shi Huang [chin shih HWANG] in 221 B.C. It developed along the banks of the Yangtze [YANG-zee] and Yellow Rivers, with teachers such as Laozi [LAO zee] and Confucius. What East Asian civilization shares its name with a m

CHINA (Accept: CHINESE CIVILIZATION)

This aspect of dance can be used to describe the process of creating a dance routine. It is derived from the Greek words for "dance" and "writing." Which term can also describe the notation used to record a dance routine?

CHOREOGRAPHY

Literally meaning "dance writing", this occupation is often viewed as an avocation by some. What occupation needs long-term dance experience in order to be a successful designer of dance routines for musicals and other performances?

CHOREOGRAPHY (Accept: CHOREOGRAPHER)

With approximately 2 billion followers worldwide, this is one of the major religions of the world. This religion professes belief in the Trinity. Identify this religion that includes Protestantism and Catholicism.

CHRISTIAN(ITY) (Accept word forms)

This term refers to the relationship between an individual and the state to which he owes allegiance. Its usual responsibilities are allegiance, taxation and military service. What is this term, whose concept first arose in the city-states of ancient Greece?

CITIZENSHIP

This musical era lasted for approximately seventy years, between 1750 and 1820. This era emphasized clarity and the utilization of clarinets, flutes, and oboes in the orchestra. What is this musical era dominated by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven?

CLASSICAL

During this musical era, composer John Field developed the nocturne as a genre [ZHAN-ruh]. The First Viennese School, a group of composers that included Haydn [HI-den] and Schubert, flourished during this time. With what musical era is Mozart most clo

CLASSICAL (ERA) (Accept: CLASSIC(ISM) and other word forms)

Musicians who have used this style of banjo playing include Eric Clapton and Steve Martin, who used it on stage before turning to acting. Give the compound word that means the banjo-picking style where the musician uses his thumb and one or two finger

CLAWHAMMER

A stylized letter "C" centered on the middle line of a staff is the "alto" one of these musical symbols. A more common type of this symbol uses dots to indicate where on the staff an "F" is located. What symbols used to denote the ordering of notes in

CLEFS

The killing of Julius Caesar in Shakespeare's play is one example of this element of drama. What element contains the action that is the high point of a play and comes before the resolution?

CLIMAX

. Plays like Samson Agonistes are examples of this genre of drama. What is this drama that is not designed to be presented, but rather to be read alone?

CLOSET (DRAMA)

This Greek figure was killed by her son, Orestes [or-ESS-teez]. Identify this Mycenaean [my-SEE-nee-un] queen, who murdered her husband, Agamemnon, after his return from the Trojan War.

CLYTEMNESTRA [kl'eye-tum-NESS-truh]

. Pablo Picasso used this art form to create Guitar with pasted paper, charcoal and pen and ink. However, this composition may be made from a variety of materials such as paper, cloth or wood. What art form can be created through this use of various

COLLAGE

This two-dimensional art process is considered a type of assemblage. It is created by gluing pieces of paper, wood, or cloth to a flat surface. What is this art process that was invented in 1912 by Braque and Picasso, using only scissors and cheap pap

COLLAGE

This structure is also known as the Flavian [FLAY-vee-un] Amphitheatre. It could seat about fifty thousand spectators, and was the scene of hand-to-hand combats between gladiators. Name this giant Roman amphitheater, part of which still stands today.

COLOSSEUM [kol-uh-SEE-um]

The least-widely celebrated of the eleven US federal holidays, this holiday is known as "Dia de la Raza" [RAH-zuh] in Latin America, and is used to celebrate indigenous cultures. Currently, it is observed on the second Monday in October. Name this hol

COLUMBUS DAY

In this dramatic form, the entire structure of the play is managed to amuse the audience. What is this type of play that in Shakespeare's versions usually involved a wedding?

COMEDY

It was published anonymously in 1776, just months after the American Revolution had begun. In it, the author encourages the colonists to rebel against the oppressive English monarchy, as it is only logical. Name this pamphlet by Thomas Paine.

COMMON SENSE

This movement is often confused with socialism, but it is much more extreme. It advocates for a completely stateless and classless society where all resources are shared and every man is equal. What is this economic system, frequently constrasted with

COMMUNISM

This feature of a map is often superimposed on the map and star-shaped. It shows ordinal and cardinal directions. What map feature shows the orientation of north, south, east and west?

COMPASS ROSE

This collective name was given to five measures passed by Congress to maintain a balance between free and slave states. Among other acts, the measures organized the territories of New Mexico and Utah, and addressed the question of the slave trade in the District of Columbia. What name refers to the acts that were passed in response to the 1849 request of California to become a state that prohibited slavery?

COMPROMISE OF 1850

Multiple answer required. One of these cities had a massive wall around its citadel, whose name means "high city." The other was known for is rigorous military rule, which made soldiers of nearly all its male citizens. What two Greek city-states led the opposing alliances during the Peloponnesian [pel-uh-puh-NEE-zhun] War?

ATHENS, SPARTA

In the US version of the Monopoly board game, the properties are named after locations in or near this city. Identify this seaside city in the Garden State, known for its casinos and famous boardwalk.

ATLANTIC CITY, (NEW JERSEY)

Some say the meaning of this word is literally "at one with God." Identify this three-syllable religious term that literally means the reconciliation between God and man effected by Christ's passion, and death.

ATONEMENT

In 451, this man's army lost to the Romans and Visigoths at Châlons-sur-Marne [sha-LON soor MARN]. Name this "scourge of God," the king of the Huns.

ATTILA (THE HUN)

This event may require a "glossy" or "headshot," and a successful one may result in a call-back for a second reading. Its root word is Latin for "I hear," and the members of the creative staff present at one will almost always include the director. Id

AUDITION (Accept word forms, as well as CASTING (CALL))

Before becoming emperor, he was known as Octavian [oct-TAY-vee-un] and was a member of the Second Triumvirate [try-UM-ver-it]. As emperor, he established the Praetorian [pree-TORE-ee-un] Guard and annexed Egypt after the death of Mark Antony. Who was

AUGUSTUS (CAESAR)

He defeated Mark Antony [AN-tuh-nee], and used Cleopatra's treasure to pay off his veterans. His original name was Gaius Octavius [GEY-uhs ok-TEY-vee-uhs], the adopted son of Julius Caesar. Give the name this first Roman emperor adopted.

AUGUSTUS (CAESAR) [aw-GUHS-tuhs SEE-zer]

Full name answer required. Before taking this name, he allied himself with Lepidus and Mark Antony to form the Second Triumvirate. Identify this man, the first Roman emperor.

AUGUSTUS CAESAR

In the musical Oklahoma! this character supplies the wisdom for Laurey. She is old and quite feisty. Identify this character who tells Laurey, "That's the way it is, cradle to grave, and you can stand it."

AUNT ELLER

. Leona Lewis sang the vocal theme from this film, the chorus of which includes a phrase used in this movie as a sign of greeting and respect. James Horner used a language invented specifically for this film in the choral pieces on his soundtrack for it

AVATAR

The use of puppets alongside actors creates a unique production for this musical. This musical's characters are dismayed over their journey into adulthood. What is this musical in which the promises of Sesame Street seem to have been misrepresented to

AVENUE Q

This city became the temporary seat of Catholicism in 1309, when Clement V took up residence there. When Gregory XI returned to Rome, a series of "antipopes" ruled here during the Great Schism.

AVIGNON [AV-in-yahn]

The origin of this people is uncertain, but it is suggested that they were a tribe of hunters and gatherers on the northern Mexican plateau. Their success in creating an empire was due to their remarkable system of agriculture, which included irrigation and the reclamation of swamp land. What empire's downfall came at the hands of Hernán Cortés [her-NAN KAWR-tez]?

AZTEC (Accept word forms)

This nation's last ruler was Montezuma [MAHN-tee-zoo-mah] the Second. Famous for its use of human sacrifice, its capital, Tenochtitlan [tin-oh-CHIT-lahn], was built on artificial islands. Identify this empire which dominated Central America, overthrown

AZTEC [AAZ-tehk] (EMPIRE)

These people settled on islands in Lake Texcoco [TES-ko-ko] and founded the city of Tenochtitlan [te-nawch-tee-TLAHN]. Their empire was still expanding when it was halted by the appearance of Spanish explorers. Identify these people, whose empire covered what is now central and southern Mexico.

AZTEC(S) [AAZ-tehk]

A marching band's drum line may include 4 to 6 semi-pitched ones of these instruments, each carried and played by a separate player. The concert version of this instrument is suspended inside a slanted circular frame, and is usually played with a larg

BASS DRUM(S)

This ballet movement takes its name from the French word for "to beat." Identify the one-word ballet term that means a kicking movement of the leg that is performing a technique.

BATTEMENT [bat-mah]

First developed in the early 1940s, this style of jazz was the first to make full use of the twelve-note chromatic scale. It is characterized by complicated melody lines and chord patterns played at exceptional speed. Name this style of jazz pioneered by Thelonius [thuh-LOH-nee-uhs] Monk, Dizzy Gillespie, and Charlie Parker.

BEBOP (JAZZ) (Accept: BOP (JAZZ))

This Middle Eastern dance is often performed at restaurants and cabarets. What dance is named for the body part that is the focal point of the movement?

BELLY (DANCE)

In Arabic this dance form is called raqs baladi [rocks buh-LAH-dee]. Identify the Western term for this traditional Middle Eastern dance in which the pelvic and hip areas make circular motions.

BELLY DANCE (ING)

It is the second largest city in Libya, and was once the joint capital along with Tripoli. It played an important rule in the popular uprising that ousted Muammar Qaddafi. In what city was a U.S. diplomatic mission attacked, and Ambassador J. Christop

BENGHAZI

This geological formation came about due to lowered sea levels during the Ice Age. It allowed new species to migrate from continent to continent, including the first Native Americans. Name this temporary route which connected Siberia and Alaska.

BERINGIA [BEHR-in-djee-uh] (Accept: LAND BRIDGE)

Associated with swing music, this type of musical ensemble became popular in the late 1920s and lasted for nearly twenty years. Trombones, trumpets, saxes, and a rhythm section were the usual components of the ensemble. What big musical ensemble had

BIG BAND

Commissioned by the Medici family, this painting depicts the mythological creation of a goddess. She has emerged from the sea as a full-grown woman, standing on a shell. Which Botticelli [bot-ih-CHEL-ee] painting depicts a beautiful woman standing on a seashell?

BIRTH OF VENUS

This is one of the colors associated with the practice of Buddhism. It signifies the primordial darkness. Identify this color which is in reality the absorption of all other colors.

BLACK

This king was crowned emperor by Pope Leo the Third on Christmas Day, 800. The son of Pepin [PEH-pin] the Short, he added Bavaria [buh-VAIR-ee-uh], Saxony, and Italy to the Frankish Empire. Give this ruler whose name in Latin means "Charles the Great.

CHARLEMAGNE [SHAR-luh-mane]

He became king of the Lombards in 774. Six years earlier, when he was probably only ten or eleven years old, he had become king of the Franks. Who, in 800, was crowned the first ruler of the Holy Roman Empire?

CHARLEMAGNE [shar-le-MAIN] (Accept: CHARLES THE GREAT)

This dance is performed with the feet turned so the toes point inward. It involves rapid kicks and knee bends, and was a favorite dance of "flappers." Name this jazz dance from the Roaring 20s, which shares its name with a city in South Carolina.

CHARLESTON

n 1923 Runnin' Wild featured this dance and brought the obscure black folk dance to prominence. The dance uses both swaying arms and fast-moving feet. Identify this dance named for a city in South Carolina.

CHARLESTON

In Greek mythology, this ferryman took souls across the river Styx. Identify this ferryman who has the same name as the moon of Pluto.

CHARON [KAYR-on]

The use of this kind of weapon was confirmed by the United Nations in Syria in 2013. The U.N. Security Council passed a resolution requiring Syria to hand over its stockpile of these weapons. Identify this type of weapon, which has been banned worldwide since 1993.

CHEMICAL (WEAPONS) (Accept: SARIN)

This musical is a satiric look at a Midwestern city during Prohibition. It is based on a play by the same name written by Maurine Dallas in 1926. Identified this musical choreographed by Bob Fosse.

CHICAGO

This city's "Loop" was home to the world's first 10-story building, and is encircled by this city's "E.l." mass transit system, which began operating in 1897. Its tallest building is the Willis Tower, which was known by another name prior to 2009. In w

CHICAGO (ILLINOIS)

Characters in this children's story include Henny Penny, Cocky Locky, and Turkey Lurkey. When an acorn falls on the title character's head, she leads a band of animals to warn the king. In which story does the title character exclaim, "The sky is falli

CHICKEN LITTLE (Accept: "THE SKY IS FALLING")

Grant Wood often used these animals as subjects in his paintings. Appraisal and Adolescence feature these animals in rather unusual works. What fowl was a favorite of the painter of American Gothic?

CHICKEN(S)

This political party only put one President in the White House. Led by Alexander Hamilton, it supported high tariffs, good relations with the British, and a national bank. What was this political party of John Adams, which favored a strong national go

FEDERALIST (PARTY)

This notation marking is placed directly above a note or rest in a piece of music. Because the dot with a half-circle over it resembles an eye, it is sometimes called a bird's-eye. What dynamic marking indicates that the note or rest should be held

FERMATA [fer-MAH-tuh]

One of these musical symbols that looks like the top half of a square rather than the top half of a circle may designate an exceptionally long one. When one of these appears over a rest, it may be known as a "grand pause." What musical symbol, commonl

FERMATA [fer-MAH-tuh] (Accept: HOLD) (Not: BIRD('S) EYE)

In Europe, this system arose from the fall of the Roman Empire However, it was also popular in China and Japan, and in all three cases, centered around lords and vassals. Identify this economic system that dominated medieval Europe.

FEUDALISM (Accept: FEUDAL (SYSTEM))

This type of value derives its name from Latin for "it shall." Since the gold standard ended, it has been used by the United States. Name the type of money deriving its value from its government issuance.

FIAT (MONEY)

The narrow bore of this transverse flute causes it to have a loud, shrill sound. The instrument can be seen in the painting Spirit of Seventy-Six being played by the man on the drummer's left. What instrument in the flute family is often used in mil

FIFE

This amendment and its guarantees date back to the Magna Carta. It protects the rights of the accused, including the right to remain silent. Name this Constitutional Amendment contained in the Bill of Rights.

FIFTH (AMENDMENT)

This Olympic sport can be done either solo or in pairs, and winners are judged on their performance of skills such as lutzes, toe loops, and axels. Parodied in a recent Will Ferrell film, identify this sport whose past legends include Sonja Henie, Bri

FIGURE SKATING (DO NOT ACCEPT ICE SKATING OR ICE DANCING)

Examples of this genre [ZHAHN-ruh] of movie include The Big Sleep, Kiss Me Deadly, and Touch of Evil. Give the two-word French phrase that describes dark, stylized crime dramas or detective stories, and literally means "black film."

FILM NOIR [NWAHR]

This document includes the Free Exercise and the Establishment Clauses. It guarantees freedoms of assembly, petition, the press, speech, religion. Name this Amendment to the Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights.

FIRST (AMENDMENT)

This time period as designated by the United States government begins and ends October 1. Though it occurs once every twelve months, it need not sync with the calendar. Name this period of time used for accounting purposes.

FISCAL YEAR

This painting is housed in the Museum of Modern Art and is the subject of debate as to whether it is pop art or Dada. What encaustic by Jasper Johns was painted after a dream and contains 13 stripes?

FLAG

Begun in Andalucía, Spain, this passionate dance form has spread to ballrooms throughout the world. Although castanets are not part of the original dance, they were added to enhance the finger snapping. Identify this dance where ladies don bright fl

FLAMENCO (not flamingo)

. Among the many examples of Renaissance architecture in the city are the Duomo, Uffizi, and Baptistery of Saint John. During this time, many great figures of the Renaissance worked in this city including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Filippo Brunel

FLORENCE

This Italian city was the home of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Identify this city, famous as the birthplace of the Renaissance.

FLORENCE (ITALY)

In all of the contiguous United States, it holds the distinction of having the most coastline. It also houses such national parks as Dry Tortugas [tor-TOO-gahs] and the Everglades. Which state is known for its distinctive "panhandle"?

FLORIDA

In architecture, this ornamental detail is found on all three orders of Greek columns. It is usually used just for decoration, but it can also help to reduce the weight of a column. What name is given to the vertical grooves on the shaft of a column?

FLUTING (Accept: FLUTE)

This element of drama is used in conjunction with the other elements to create a successful performance. Identify this element of drama that requires the performer to center his performance in a particular manner.

FOCUS

Some records suggest this practice began during the Song dynasty, with a dancer named Yao Niang [YOW NEE-ANG]. Nearly all upper-class women did it in the nineteenth century. The process was banned in 1912, although many women did it secretly.

FOOT BINDING

his Washington D.C. building was originally called the Athenaeum, when it opened in 1862. Later turned into office buildings by Congress in 1866, the featured attraction in 1865 was the play Our American Cousin. Name this theatre where Abraham Linc

FORD'S (THEATRE)

Lethe was the spirit of oblivion and this problem of many senile adults. Mnemosyne [ne mah suh nee] was the spirit of her opposite, memory. What happens to many of us when Lethe strikes ?

FORGETFULNESS (ACCEPT SIMILAR ANSWER)

This dynamic marking is a subdivision of one of the two basic dynamic indications. Abbreviated ff, it directs the musician to play very loudly. What dynamic marking is the opposite of pianissimo [pee-uh-NIS-uh-moh]?

FORTISSIMO

This dynamic marking is a subdivision of one of the two basic dynamic indications. Abbreviated ff, it directs the musician to play very loudly. What dynamic marking is the opposite of pianissimo [pee-uh-NIS-uh-moh]?

FORTISSIMO [fore-TIS-uh-moh]

his part of Rome was below Palatine [PAL-uh-tine] Hill. Buildings such as the Senate and shrines to Castor and Pollux were situated in what part of Rome?

FORUM

his musical recreates scenes from the career of the main character. The show is named for the showman who was the first director to win the Oscar, the Tony, and The Emmy Award all in a single year. Identify the musical that features dances from Bob

FOSSE

Created about 1498, this woodcut is the most famous in a series of fifteen scenes that tell of the coming of the kingdom of God. It depicts War, Pestilence, Famine, and Death as riders, trampling humanity under their horses' hooves. Identify this work by Albrecht Dürer [AHL-brekht DYOOR-er] based on a story in the Book of Revelations.

FOUR HORSEMEN OF THE APOCALYPSE

This document overturned Dred Scott v. Sanford and many of the South's Black Codes. It makes all people born on American soil citizens, and requires equal protection under the law for everyone. What is this Constitutional amendment, adopted on July 9,

FOURTEENTH (AMENDMENT)

The protections in this amendment have been defined by such cases as Mapp versus Ohio. Different courts, however, have reached different conclusions as to what the word "unreasonable" means. Which amendment protects individuals against "unreasonable searches and seizures"?

FOURTH (AMENDMENT) (Accept: (AMENDMENT) FOUR)

This dance, developed by Vernon and Irene Castle, is known as a "quick step" when performed at a fast tempo. A combination of steps, turns, and side-to-side movements, it represents the influence of ragtime on traditional ballroom steps. Name this danc

FOX TROT

In this engineering procedure, a fluid is injected at high pressure into an underground rock formation. Its purpose is to open fissures and allow trapped gas and crude oil to be accessed. Name this procedure, which has opened up vast natural gas deposits in the United States.

FRACKING (Accept: HYDRAULIC FRACTURING)

This might be termed the first federal welfare agency in the United States. It was used to build hospitals for freedmen, and provide schools for them. Give this popular name for the U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands.

FREEDMEN'S BUREAU

Usually used as a waterspout, this sculpture was usually made of lead or carved from stone. It is a common feature on many medieval buildings, especially on Gothic cathedrals. What architectural feature resembles a monster or evil spirit?

GARGOYLE

First and last name required. As a composer, he sought to combine the techniques and forms of classical music with the style and rhythms of popular music and jazz. He created several Broadway musicals with his brother, including Girl Crazy and Of Thee I Sing. Who composed Rhapsody in Blue and Porgy and Bess?

GEORGE GERSHWIN

Full name required. This American surveyor and military leader was put in charge of enlisting troops to defend Kentucky County when the Revolution began. He led an expedition that captured two Mississippi River settlements in 1778. Name this man, whose successes helped obtain the Old Northwest for the United States, and who was the older brother of William Clark.

GEORGE ROGERS CLARK

. Multiple, first and last name answer required. These two brothers, the sons of Russian-Jewish immigrants, personified the glory and sophistication of the 1920s and 1930s. Give the first and last names of the brothers who converted DuBose Heyward's no

GEORGE and IRA GERSHWIN

From its founding until 1750, this colony forbade slavery. It was established by James Oglethorpe as an alternative to debtor's prison for the "worthy poor." What was the southernmost of the Thirteen Colonies?

GEORGIA

This colony was founded by James Oglethrope in 1732 as a debtor's haven. Though slavery was originally outlawed, this soon changed and the colony and its capital, Savannah, became like the rest of the region. Which of the original thirteen colonies, th

GEORGIA

. According to a popular children's story, what was the name of the kind old carpenter who crafted the puppet Pinocchio out of wood, some string and a ball?

GEPPETTO [juh-PET-oh]

In some Asian countries, the word most commonly used to refer to beer, Hof, comes from this language, in which it often appears in compound words referring to beer-houses. Which European language has also given English words such as "wanderlust" and "

GERMAN (Accept: DEUTSCHE)

Delivered on November 19th, 1863, this speech only lasted around five minutes. What is this speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln that begins "Four score and seven years ago"?

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

This speech ends with the proclamation that, "government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." Delivered on November 19, 1863, it recalls that, "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

This speech followed a two-hour speech by Edward Everett. Identify this speech beginning "Four score and seven years ago," by Abraham Lincoln

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

This seventeenth-century painting features a young woman wearing a blue and yellow scarf on her head while looking back over her shoulder. The story of its creation was fictionalized in a 1999 novel, which was later made into both a film. Identify this Vermeer work in which the viewer's eye is drawn to a simple piece of jewelry.

GIRL WITH A PEARL EARRING

The speaker delivered this oration on March 20, 1775, during the Second Virginia Convention in Richmond. It urges the convention's president, Peyton Randolph, to organize a volunteer militia in every Virginia county. Identify this Revolutionary-era sp

GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH

This speech asks, "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" and continues with the plea, "Forbid it, Almighty God!" He told his listeners, "Gentlemen may cry peace, peace — but there is no peace. The war is actually begun!" Name this Patrick Henry speech, whose title comes from its last line.

GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH

These geographical bodies often formed large debris deposits called moraines. During the Ice Age they stretched as far south as southern Illinois. What is a large, slow-moving mass of ice?

GLACIER

Artists originally developed this process to seal pores and prevent liquid seepage. The artist applies a wet layer of powdered glass to the piece, then places it back in the kiln. What process, used to apply decorative finishes to pottery, is also used

GLAZE (Accept: GLAZING and other word forms)

This percussion instrument that resembles a xylophone is called a bell lyre when it is used by marching bands.. It consists of metal bars that are struck with a hammer. What is this instrument in which the keys are arranged in the same manner as a piano?

GLOCKENSPIEL

Gilding the lily means to add unnecessary adornments to something that is already beautiful. Identify the element that is applied through the artistic process known as gilding.

GOLD

This commodity was a key element in the statehood of California in 1850. People traveled there by sailing around the tip of South America, by risking disease crossing the Isthmus of Panama, or by traveling overland 2,000 miles. What was this metal, discovered at Sutter's Mill, that drew so many people to California between 1849 and 1852?

GOLD

Although there are many musical variations, this is probably one of the most famous. Bach supposedly composed this work for the companion of Count Keyserlingk. What was this work for harpsichord published by Bach in 1741 under the title Clavierubung?

GOLDBERG VARIATIONS

This genre of American Protestant music developed along two different paths. The earliest dissemination of this music occurred in Sunday School hymnbooks. What type of religious music became popular with such groups as the Carter Family in the 1930s a

GOSPEL

This musical style is often performed by a vocal quartet. What music style affirms faith in Christianity and was sometimes sung by Elvis Presley?

GOSPEL

Collective name please. Beauty, Mirth, and Good Cheer are the English names for these three goddesses. What Roman goddesses were known as the Gratiae [graht ee eye]?

GRACES

The greatest depths of this chasm lie more than a mile below its rim. Lake Mead, the reservoir formed by Hoover Dam, lies at western end of this canyon. Name this immense canyon cut by the Colorado River in Arizona.

GRAND CANYON

This movement began in Minnesota shortly after the Civil War, and was initially known as the Patrons of Husbandry. Farmers were drawn to it mostly because they needed unified action against railroad and grain elevator monopolies that charged excessive rates. Name this American farm movement, which still exists today as a fraternal organization.

GRANGER (MOVEMENT) (Accept: THE GRANGE)

Young love and hot rods are the center of this musical set in the 1950s. A group of students from Rydell High are the focus of this favorite musical and movie. Identify this musical that starred John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John in the film version

GREASE

Originally, this theatrical term referred to the melted tallow used in theater makeup. What is this colloquial term for the makeup that actors use in the theater?

GREASEPAINT

It was proposed by Roger Sherman from Connecticut. Its basic tenet balanced the need for equal representation with the desire for representation proportional to population. What agreement led to a bicameral legislature being adopted in the US Constitu

GREAT COMPROMISE (OF 1787) (Accept: CONNECTICUT COMPROMISE)

This geographic region was the site of the 1930s Dust Bowl. Most of America's grain production and ranching activity occurs here. Identify this landform, which covers most of the Midwestern United States.

GREAT PLAINS

Three-word answer, please. The Bear, Weber, and Jordan rivers flow into the lake, which has no outlet. The lake is a remnant of an ancient lake ten times its size, in the Great Basin region of the United States. Name this lake which is the largest non-freshwater lake in the Western Hemisphere.

GREAT SALT LAKE

This musical style is named after the pope who served from 590 to 604. Identify this type of song, which has a series of male voices that is used in the celebration of Mass and other Roman Catholic rituals.

GREGORIAN CHANT

In Act III, this fictional town's cemetery houses Simon Stimson, Mrs. Soames, and Wally Webb. It is the home of George Gibbs and Emily Webb, high school sweethearts who marry and live happily until Emily's death. What is this location, the setting of

GROVER'S CORNERS (NEW HAMPSHIRE)

This musical genre's [ZHAN-ruhz] iconic song notes, "I'm worse at what I do best, and for this gift, I feel blessed." Originating as a Seattle-area movement, it gained national prominence with the success of bands like Soundgarden. In what alternative

GRUNGE

In medieval times, these were of two types: merchant or craft. The merchant type was an association of most of the merchants in a town or city. What name is given to such an association, mentioned in the movie "The Wizard of Oz" by the singing boy Munchkins, who hand Dorothy a lollipop?

GUILD(S)

This Latin percussion instrument is made from a gourd. Grooves are cut into the gourd with large holes in the bottom. What is this instrument that is played by rhythmically scraping the grooves?

GUIRO

. This musical instrument probably originated in Spain in the 14th century but has found its way into country music. Rock bands would be incomplete without the electric version. Identify the instrument that Gene Autry would play as he sang "Rudolph th

GUITAR

This instrument is typically pear-shaped with nineteen frets and six strings. It has a round sound hole in its flat soundbox. Identify this instrument, played by Dave Matthews, Brad Paisley and Jimi Hendrix.

GUITAR

This is part of the clockwise-rotating system of currents in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is fed by the westward-flowing current that moves from North Africa to the West Indies. Name this ocean current, which flows northward along the east coast of the United States and feeds the North Atlantic Current toward the British Isles.

GULF STREAM (CURRENT)

Damon Runyon's two short stories comprise the basis for this Broadway musical. "Luck Be a Lady" seems to be the theme of this musical set on the streets of New York. What is this musical about Nathan Detroit and his gambling antics?

GUYS AND DOLLS

This musical's title song claims that a "gent" in love will pay "all kinds of rent for a flat that could flatten the Taj Mahal." Sky Masterson, who has fallen for Sarah Brown, begs good fortune not to abandon him in "Luck Be a Lady." Which musical's t

GUYS AND DOLLS

This economic theory was practiced in Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries by nations with colonies. Under it, nations used colonial possessions as markets for their exports, and suppliers of raw materials. Name this theory, which forbade manufacturing in the colonies in competition with the mother country.

MERCANTILISM

This movie was involved in controversy when producer Nicolas Chartier [nee-ko-LAH shahr-tee-AY] sent an e-mail campaigning for it. What film, which won the Academy Award for Best Film in 2010, tells the story of an explosive ordnance disposal team duri

HURT LOCKER

This specific dance began in the Big Apple in the 1970s. This dance reinvigorated "touch" dancing that had been popular in the 1920s. What is this dance that brought students back to the dance studio and exploded when John Travolta danced it in the mo

HUSTLE

These people practiced horse burials, and brought the chariot, the compound bow, and other technology to Egypt. They were apparently Semitic, and their name may come from ancient Egyptian words meaning "rulers of foreign lands." What West Asian people

HYKSOS [HICK-sohs]

This group of largely Semitic nomadic people immigrated into the delta region of Egypt, where they ruled for about a century. They introduced the horse and chariot and compound bow to Egypt. Identify these people, whose reign ended with the rise of Ahmose [AH-mohs] who expelled them.

HYKSOS [HIK-sohs]

The earliest written form of these musical compilations appeared in the Middle Ages in Christian churches. After the Protestant Reformation, they became a standard feature of Christian worship in Western Europe and later in the United States. Give the general term for this collection of religious songs which, in the Anglican church, is called the Book of Common Praise.

HYMNAL (Accept: HYMNBOOK)

This is the official dance of the Dominican Republic. What Latin dance is performed with a two-step beat and requires the dancers to bend their knees in order to dance primarily with their hips?

MERENGUE [mer-RENG-gay]

. Also the name of a 2003 movie directed by John Crowley, this break in a play gives the audience time to contemplate on the events of the play. Even sports have these time-outs between halves called half-times. What is this time when the audiences of

INTERMISSION

These people believed they could see the spirits of their ancestors in the Northern Lights. Traditionally, they used dog sleds to travel, but these have recently been overtaken by snowmobiles. Name these indigenous peoples of Alaska, Canada, and Greenl

INUIT [IN-yoo-it] (Accept: ESKIMOS)

In Greek myth, this maiden, who was watched over by Argus, was seduced by Zeus. She was turned into a cow and then forced to wander the Earth. What mythological maiden, after having been turned into a cow, was continually stung by a gadfly sent by H

IO [EYE-oh or EE-oh]

Commonly seen in Neoclassical architecture, this type of column is used in the Jefferson Memorial in Washington, D.C. Its base is comprised of several stacked round disks. Which type of column features volutes [vuh-LOOTS], or scroll-shaped ornaments, on its capital?

IONIC (Accept: IONIAN)

The United States occupied this country from 2003 to 2011. It covered the ancient region of Mesopotamia [mes-uh-puh-TEY-mee-uh], and Saddam Hussein was its president for over two decades. Which Middle Eastern nation has its capital at Baghdad?

IRAQ

This national park was established to preserve prehistoric dwellings. It contains hundreds of pueblo ruins, some as many as 13 centuries old. Identify this park in southwestern Colorado, whose name translates from Spanish as green table.

MESA VERDE [MEY-suh VAYR-dee]

This region's cities include Baghdad and Babylon. Its name comes from the Greek for "between the rivers," since it lies between the Euphrates [yoo-FRAY-teez] and the Tigris [TY-gris]. Give this region. which roughly corresponds to modern-day Iraq.

MESOPOTAMIA

Two of the earliest villages in this region are Hassuna [hah-SOO-nah] and Tell Sawwan [SOW-wahn]. Later, civilizations such as Sumeria and Assyria arose there. The name of what region comes from a Greek words that refer to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?

MESOPOTAMIA

The first lyrics of this work — "Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, sayeth your God" — are taken from the book of Isaiah. Its most famous chorus is the finale of Part 2, and speaks of how "the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth." What oratorio by Handel incl

MESSIAH

The text for this oratorio comes from three parts of the Bible, and focuses on Jesus's birth, death, and resurrection. Familiar choruses include "For Unto Us a Child is Born" and "All We Like Sheep", and it is commonly performed around Christmas. Which oratorio by Handel is also the source for the "Hallelujah Chorus"?

MESSIAH (NOT: "THE" MESSIAH)

This musical apparatus is often used by music teachers to keep their students on time. Identify this apparatus with settings that indicate the exact number of beats that should be played per minute.

METRONOME

This war ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor led the war effort, which saw the United States gain territory in the southwest. What was this war fought from 1846 to 1848?

MEXICAN (AMERICAN WAR)

A treaty signed in 1848 with this nation resulted in the United States' gaining all the territory now included in more than five current Western states. The treaty followed a war in which Zachary Taylor emerged as a national hero and succeeded James Knox Polk as president in 1849. Identify this nation, that had claimed the border of Texas to be the Nueces [noo-EY-sayss] River rather than the Rio Grande

MEXICO

This country elected Enrique Peña Nieto [ehn-REE-kay PAYN-yah nee-EH-toh] as its president in 2012. The country was hit by a hurricane from the Pacific, and a tropical storm from the Gulf, at the same time in 2013. What country saw thousands of tourists stranded, including those at Acapulco [ak-uh-POOL-koh]?

MEXICO

This Renaissance artist died at the age of 88 in Rome. In his murals in the Vatican, he painted himself as the head of Holofernes [hoh-luh-FAIR-neez]. What artist also carved the statue, David?

MICHELANGELO

Although most consider this man an artist and sculptor, he was also a poet of such works as "Dante" and "Celestial Love". Identify this Renaissance painter and sculptor of the giant David.

MICHELANGELO (BUONARROTI)

As a young man, this artist was commissioned to complete Bologna's (ba-lone-YAS) Tomb of St. Dominic. He also worked on numerous sculptures and designs for Pope Julius the Second's tomb.

MICHELANGELO (DI LODOVICO BUONARROTI SIMONI)

First and last name answer required. This tall tale hero ran away from his home in the Allegheny Mountains when he was two days old. Give the name of this "king of the keelboatmen."

MIKE FINK

An example of them are the columns located at each of the platforms on which the Taj Mahal stands. What is this architectural term that, in Islamic culture, refers to a high, slender prayer tower attached to a mosque.

MINARET(S)

This Roman goddess is depicted on the seal of the University of Louisville. A virgin goddess with Diana and Vesta, what goddess was in charge of medicine, wisdom and music, and was known by the Greeks as Athena?

MINERVA

The jig became popular in this European country in the 18th century. Jigs there are usually danced by one or more soloists, or by a couple dancing solo jigs. What country, whose patron saint is St. Patrick, features leprechauns and pots of gold?

IRELAND (Accept: EIRE [AIR-uh])

China, Brazil, Australia, Russia and Ukraine are the biggest producers of this mineral resource. This resource may also be found in places such as the Mesabi Range in Minnesota. What is this mineral, which is most often combined with other ores to produce superior metals?

IRON

In their language, these people call themselves the "People of the Longhouse." Members include the Oneida [oh-NYE-duh], the Seneca, and the Mohawk. Name this Native American confederacy found in modern day New York State.

IROQUOIS

This group of indigenous peoples banded together in response to colonization. Its native name translates as "People of the Longhouses" and members included the Mohawk and Oneida [oh-NYE-dah]. Name this league of Native American tribes in upstate New Yo

IROQUOIS [eer-uh-KWOY] (LEAGUE)

This Middle-Eastern country is a relatively young country, but it contains one of the world's oldest cities. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea on the west and Jordan in the east. Name the country whose capital is Jerusalem.

ISRAEL

This state's Prime Minister is Benjamin Netanyahu [NET-an-YAH-hoo]. It is predominately Jewish and. along with Palestine and Jordan, is an important site in Abrahamic religions. Give this nation, whose capital is Jerusalem.

ISRAEL

Best known for his oratorio "The Messiah," George Frideric Handel composed about a dozen oratorios with biblical themes. What Old Testament-based oratorio premiered in 1739 and includes choruses about swarms of insects and flies and about hail and dar

ISRAEL IN EGYPT

This term is used to describe an experimental form of music that developed in the 1960s. It is often used to describe the music of such composers as Glass and Reich. What is this style of American music that arose from the backstreets of New York and

MINIMAL (MUSIC)

This artistic movement drew inspiration from De Stijl [duh STAHYL] artists such as Mondrian [mahn-dree-AHN]. Championed by Frank Stella, it gained momentum as a reaction against the work of Jackson Pollock. Name this artistic style, which espoused the

MINIMALISM (Accept word forms)

This dance is performed in 3/4 time and translates as little or small. Identify this French dance, which is performed by taking four steps, usually in a straight line.

MINUET

This law enforcement procedure was implemented by a 1966 Supreme Court case. It mandates that police inform suspects of their right to remain silent and that their statements can be used against them. Name this warning which police must provide before

MIRANDA (WARNING) (Accept: MIRANDA RIGHTS)

This musical relates the tale of a young Asian woman who is abandoned by her love. It is based on a Puccini opera with a similar plot. What is this musical set in Viet Nam during the 1970s?

MISS SAIGON

During the days of Manifest Destiny, it was seen as a boundary that must be crossed in order to claim the lands west of it. What is this river, whose drainage area covers two-thirds of the continental United States?

MISSISSIPPI (RIVER)

This river runs through cities such as St. Louis and New Orleans. Its tributaries include the Missouri and the Ohio, and it borders ten states. Name this river, the largest in the U.S.

MISSISSIPPI (RIVER)

This group flourished in the Southeastern United States from 800 to 1500. Defining characteristics included their wide reaching trade networks, maize based agriculture, and mound building. Identify this culture named after the longest river in the Unit

MISSISSIPPIAN (CULTURE)

The mother of the nine muses is this personification of memory in Greek myths. She discovered the uses of the power of reason and gave everything a name by which mortals could identify them. Which Titan gave humans the power to remember?

MNEMOSYNE [nee-MOS-uh-nee]

This tempo marking is slower than allegro but contains more than 100 beats per minute. What marking instructs the musician to play in a restrained manner but still reasonably quickly?

MODERATO

This dance is characterized by bare feet and non-traditional costumes. What dance had practitioners and choreographers such as Alvin Ailey and Martha Graham?

MODERN (DANCE)

This indigenous nation was charged with protecting the Iroquois Confederacy from eastern invaders. The name of this tribe translates as "People of the Flint." What Native American tribe shares its name with a hairstyle?

MOHAWK

We find this kind of geographic feature particularly in the locations of two of the world's major canals. It is basically a land bridge connecting two larger land masses, with bodies of water on both sides. What do we call this geographic feature, the land version of a strait, whose best example is Panama?

ISTHMUS(ES)

In 2003, this painting celebrated its 500th anniversary by being placed in its own room at the Louvre. Only about 21 inches by 30 inches, this painting on poplar wood was stolen in 1911 and found two years later in a hotel in Paris. What portrait by

MONA LISA

These communities served as centers of scholarship and learning in medieval times. Inhabited by a particular group of religious individuals, these centers often had a local patron or were under the protection of a local ruler, in addition to that of

MONASTERY

This element of drama comes in two forms: comedic or dramatic. A comedic one can be seen at the beginning of Saturday Night Live, in which the host is on stage alone. In what element does a character relate feelings either to other characters or to t

MONOLOGUE

This policy resulted from fears that European nations might help Spain recover some of its colonies in the Americas. It was announced on December 2, 1823, during an annual message to Congress. What U.S. foreign policy doctrine declared that the Western Hemisphere was closed to future colonization?

MONROE DOCTRINE

This term refers to a certain heavy rain, as well as the season in which it usually occurs. It is more precisely the reversing winds near India that blow from the southwest in the summer. Name these winds that bring heavy seasonal rainfall to Southeast Asia.

MONSOON(S)

In film editing this term is similar to the creation of a collage on paper. It includes an assembly of shots to create a specific idea. Identify this assembly of pictures and the portrayal of action that is achieved through a series of short shots.

MONTAGE

This purchase reaffirmed the implied powers of the Constitution, although the man behind it doubted he really had the power to complete it. It more than doubled the size of the United States, at the cost of a few cents per acre. What territory did President Jefferson agree to buy from France?

LOUISIANA (TERRITORY) (Accept: LOUISIANA PURCHASE)

President Thomas Jefferson wasn't sure the United States had the right to buy it, even though it was the greatest land bargain in U.S. history. Livingston and Monroe, ministers to France, had no instructions to buy all of it, but they did. What was the name of this transaction, which nearly doubled the size of the United States in 1803?

LOUISIANA PURCHASE

A dancer's vertical distance from the floor may be measured in one of these three levels. What is the lowest level of a dancer's movement?

LOW AND DEEP

Her skeleton was 40 percent complete, which is bad for a 3.2 million-year-old fossil. She was a member of the species called Australopithecus afarensis [OS-trawl-oh-PITH-uh-kiss aff-uh-RIN-sis]. What name did Donald Johnson and his colleagues give to

LUCY

riginating in England in the late 1300s, many of these soothing songs were composed by the German classical composer, Johannes Brahms. Identify this type of song usually sung to children before they go to sleep.

LULLABY(IES)

This European folk instrument can be fretted or unfretted. What prominent instrument from the Baroque period has a short neck with a long, curved back?

LUTE

All but the highest of this guitar relative's "courses" are double strung. English composer John Dowland is closely associated with this instrument. Name this string instrument often used as accompaniment in Renaissance vocal music, a favorite of the

LUTE(S)

Although he ruled a wide empire, he and his people feared the return of a deity described as a white, bearded god. His fears seemed justified when a bearded Spaniard appeared on the scene. Name this emperor, who was taken captive by Cortes.

MONTEZUMA [mon-tuh-ZOO-muh]

This house's "Great Clock" marks the time and the day, though the marker for Saturday is located in its basement. Construction on this Virginia residence began in 1769 after the mountaintop it sits on was leveled out to support it. Name this Virginia

MONTICELLO

These people built the largest Pre-Columbian settlement north of Mexico. They left monuments such as Monks, Grave Creek, and Cahokia. What group of cultures constructed earthen hills for religious and ceremonial purposes?

MOUND BUILDERS

He was born about A.D. 570 n Mecca. A unifier of the Arab people, he received divine revelations which were compiled into the Qur'an [koo-RAHN]. Name the prophet and founder of Islam.

MUHAMMAD (Accept clear equivalents)

In its simplest form this art is applied directly to a large area such as a large roll of paper using crayons or markers. In more advanced art representations, such as those of Diego Rivera, the art may take up an entire building's exterior. What art

MURAL

n its simplest form this art is applied directly to a large area such as a large roll of paper using crayons or markers. In more advanced art representations, such as those of Diego Rivera, the art may take up an entire building's exterior. What art

MURAL

Mexican artist Diego Rivera [dee-AY-go ruh-VAIR-uh] was known for this type of large-scale work. Raphael's The School of Athens and da Vinci's The Last Supper are examples of it. What type of art consists of a scene painted directly onto a wall?

MURAL(S) (Accept: FRESCO(ES))

As a verb, this word can mean "to think or meditate in silence, as on some subject." As a noun, it can refer to a person who inspires a creative artist. What word, in Greek mythology, refers to any of nine sister goddesses who ruled the arts?

MUSE

Collective name please. These goddesses presided over the ancient arts and sciences. They were especially inspirational to poets, philosophers, and musicians. What Greek goddesses gave their name to a place where art or historical objects are stored

MUSES

This work was commissioned by King George the Second as a part of an outdoor festival, and originally called for a military band with no string accompaniment. Consisting of five movements altogether, its two central movements are called "The Peace" and "The Rejoicing." Identify this suite by Handel that celebrated the end of the War of the Austrian Succession.

MUSIC FOR THE ROYAL FIREWORKS

The phrase "senza sordino" [SIN-zuh sor-DEEN-oh] instructs a musician to remove this accessory. On string instruments, they are usually attached to the bridge, while brass players insert them in the end of the bell. What type of musical accessories ca

MUTE(S) (Accept: (STRAIGHT or CUP or WOLF or HARMON or WHISPER...etc.) MUTE(S))

Popular songs from this show include "I Could Have Danced All Night" and "On the Street Where You Live." Lerner and Loewe created this musical that concerns a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons from the irritable Henry Higgins. Identify this Broadway musical based on the play Pygmalion, by George Bernard Shaw.

MY FAIR LADY

In this musical's song "I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face," its leading man laments falling in love with the leading lady. That lady earlier showcased a heavy Cockney accent in "Just You Wait" and "Wouldn't It Be Loverly?" Name this Lerner and Lowe mu

MY FAIR LADY (Not: PYGMALION)

In 2005, the United States Department of Agriculture released this new visual display to model a daily pattern of wise food choices. In this new hierarchy, each group makes up a part of the base of the diagram. Identify the diagram that includes gra

MY PYRAMID (ACCEPT: FOOD (GUIDE) PYRAMID)

This is a traditional story that is based on primitive beliefs of ancient cultures. What are these stories that can be about various gods and goddesses and their great deeds?

MYTHS

This document grew out of the Articles of the Barons, a demand for a solemn grant of liberties by the king. It was signed under the threat of civil war, and much later became a symbol and battle cry against oppression. What charter was signed at Runnymede by King John in 1215?

MAGNA CARTA (Accept: GREAT CHARTER)

This game, played with 152 tiles that contain symbols and characters, is meant for four people. Identify this game, which resurged in popularity in the United States because of a computerized version, centuries after it originated in China.

MAH JONG

This plant was probably domesticated in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago. It was cultivated by both the Olmec and Mayan Indians of that region. Identify this plant, which has spread throughout the world, providing food for humans and animals alike.

MAIZE (Accept: CORN)

Debris of the crash of an airplane from this nation's airline began washing ashore on Indian Ocean islands in mid-2015. The flight, coded as MH370, was en route to Beijing when it disappeared over the sea on March 8, 2014. Name this nation, whose capital of Kuala Lumpur was the starting point of the doomed flight.

MALAYSIA

In 1964, he gave his "The Ballot or the Bullet" speech, in which he urged African-Americans to vote for change as long as whites allowed them to do so.

MALCOLM X

Its capital was at Niani, and it extended from the Atlantic coast to the city of Timbuktu. What African empire reached its height under Mansa Musa?

MALI

Swing and Cuban rhythms fused to create this Latin music sensation. It was originally played as a Rumba with a break on the second and fourth beats. What is this style of Latin music and dance with a name that means "conversation with the gods"?

MAMBO

In this musical, one character and her "Dynamos" reunite to perform the song "Super Trouper." By the end, the characters are still unsure of whether Harry, Bill, or Sam is` Sophie's father, so Donna begins to walk her down the aisle. Name this musical

MAMMA MIA

The title of this musical is taken from a pop supergroup's songs, but its plot is fictional. In it, a mother tries to rear her daughter alone while running a hotel on a small Greek island. What is this musical based on the group ABBA?

MAMMA MIA!

This instrument originated during the Renaissance, but is popular in modern American folk music. It has four courses of strings that are tuned like a violin. What is this musical instrument that resembles a lute with a rounded back and a fretted finge

MANDOLIN

Normally, they come in the shape of an almond and can be seen in Masaccio's painting, The Holy Trinity. What are these head decorations, similar to halos, that adorn holy figures in Christian art?

MANDORLA(S)

This term was first used by John L. O'Sullivan in 1845 to express the nation's right to -- quote -- overspreading the continent. It became a slogan for the Democrats who saw it as expressing the nation's future, but the Whigs derided it. What two-word term was given to a broadly held national sentiment seen in the events that moved the nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific?

MANIFEST DESTINY

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in this legal case was written by Chief Justice John Marshall in 1803. In it, he wrote that a particular law passed by Congress was unconstitutional because it was inconsistent with the Constitution. Identify this case, in which Marshall established the principle of judicial review.

MARBURY V(ERSUS). MADISON

This kind of band features three violins, two trumpets, one Spanish guitar, a vihuela [vee-HWAY-luh], and a guitarrón [ghee-tar-ROHN]. Members of what type of Mexican band dress in silver-studded charro [CHAR-oh] outfits with wide-brimmed hats?

MARIACHI (BAND) [mahr-ee-AH-chee]

The vihuela [vee-WHALE-uh] and the guitarrón [ghee-tar-OHN] are two instruments commonly found in this ensemble. This ensemble also features trumpets, who accompany a singer, such as Pepe Aguilar. Name this folk music ensemble of Mexico.

MARIACHI (BAND) [mare-ee-AH-chee]

This mellower version of the xylophone originated in South America and Africa. Identify this instrument with keys made from rosewood and pipes hanging below the keys to create resonating sounds.

MARIMBA

This percussion instrument has bars usually made of wood that are struck with mallets to produce musical tones. What instrument of African origin resembles the xylophone?

MARIMBA

According to Roman mythology, Romulus and Remus were the twin sons of this god. Identify this Roman god of war.

MARS

In Roman mythology, this god's wife was Bellona. All Romans were said to be descendants of this god. Identify this god, who had festivals in the fall and looked over the Romans during their conquests because he was the god of war?

MARS

Originally a god of spring vegetation, he later came to be the son of Juno and the lover of Venus. He was also said to be the father of the twins Romulus and Remus. Name this Roman god of agriculture and war.

MARS

The first settlement in this colony was St. Marys City, which was founded in 1634. It was a proprietary colony formed under a charter given to Cecilius Calvert in 1632. Name this colony whose major city was named for George Calvert, the first Baron Baltimore.

MARYLAND

This civilization built great stone buildings and pyramid temples at places like Tikal [tee-KAHL], Copán [koh-PAHN], and Palenque [pah-LENG-keh]. It used a form of hieroglyphic writing in the lowlands of what is now Guatemala, and in the highlands of the Yucatán Peninsula before the arrival of the Spanish. Name this civilization that all but disappeared, but whose descendants still live in their old home lands.

MAYA (Accept word forms)

Descendents of these people still live today, particularly in the Yucatan [yoo-kah-TAHN] Peninsula. At the height of their culture around 900 A.D., these people filled 40 cities, and had a form of hieroglyphic writing. Identify these people, who built great stone buildings and pyramid temples that were later abandoned.

MAYA [MAH-yah] (Accept: MAYAN)

This vessel lent its name to an agreement that governed a New World colony. It departed from England in 1620 with 102 passengers and about 30 crew members, and landed at Cape Cod three months later, which its namesake "Compact" was signed. Identify t

MAYFLOWER

In several European folk traditions, this ceremonial dance is performed during spring celebrations. In it, dancers weave long ribbons around a tall pole in complex patterns. Name this dance that is an integral part of the May Day festival.

MAYPOLE (DANCE)

Along with the polonaise and polka, this dance comprises a trio of Polish folk dances. The dance takes its name from the people who inhabited the area around Warsaw. For what group of dances did Chopin compose 58 pieces for piano?

MAZURKA

This folk dance is done in triple time and originated in Poland. Identify this dance, for which Chopin [SHOH-pan] composed music, and is musically related to the national anthem of Poland.

MAZURKA

This lively dance originated in Poland in the 16th century. It is similar to the polka. Identify this lively round dance for 8 couples performed in three four time.

MAZURKA

An outbreak of this viral disease in 2015 was traced back to Disneyland in California. This outbreak has increased the debate over vaccinations in the United States. Identify this virus, which is also called rubeola [roo-bee-OH-luh].

MEASLES

Visitors to this city normally travel through the city of Jeddah on their way. This city, which is only open to members of a certain religion, is the destination of a pilgrimage known as the Hajj. Name this birthplace of Mohammed, the holiest city in

MECCA

One island in this body of water is Malta. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar. Name the sea that serves as a coastline for Israel, Egypt, and Italy.

MEDITERRANEAN (SEA)

This Greek monster lived at the end of the world and was beheaded. Identify the Gorgon sister who was beheaded by Perseus while he gazed at a reflection of her.

MEDUSA

In a duet, this element of music is sung by the lead vocalist. When you whistle a song, this is the part that you whistle, without any of the instrumental accompaniment. What musical element is the progression of single notes that make up a song or musical phrase?

MELODY

This is the most basic element of music. Without this sequence of single notes, music could not exist. What is this main or most prominent line in a piece of music?

MELODY

This musical term is often the part of a piece of music that people remember. What do we call the piece of music that is a series of notes that function in succession?

MELODY

This city was founded by the Pharaoh Menes [MEE-neez] around 3000 B.C. It was a vital Mediterranean port until the rise of Alexandria, even serving as the capital during the Old Kingdom. Identify this Egyptian capital which shares a name with a city i

MEMPHIS

This candelabrum holds the "smash" or helper candle in its center. It commemorates the rededication of the temple in the second century BC. Identify this Jewish symbol used in December for eight consecutive days.

MENORAH

This location has been famous for honeymoons for decades. It lies on the border between Ontario, Canada, and New York State. Identify this cataract, which dumps water from Lake Erie into Lake Ontario.

NIAGARA FALLS

Cities along this river include Cairo [KYE-roh] and Alexandria. It has two major tributaries, the White and the Blue. Identify the world's longest river, which was Ancient Egypt's lifeblood.

NILE (RIVER)

In ancient times, this river flooded annually and left fertile silt on its banks, enabling massive agriculture. Famous for its rich delta, cities along it included Memphis, Thebes [THEEBZ], and Alexandria. Name this river, the center of Egyptian civil

NILE (RIVER)

This river flows from the south, northward, and, in ancient times, was in flood at the warmest time of the year. It is formed by three streams: the Atbara [AHT-buh-ruh], the Blue, and the White. What river is fed by the waters of Lake Victoria, and flows into the Mediterranean Sea?

NILE (RIVER)

Multiple answers required. Their names meant "The Little Girl," "The Painted," and "The Holy Mother." Two were lightweight caravels [KAR-uh-velz], while the third, a three-masted carrack, crashed off the Haitian coast.

NIÑA, PINTA, (AND) SANTA MARÍA (ANY ORDER)

Don Knotts and Andy Griffith worked together not only on television's Andy Griffith Show, but also in this 1950s Broadway play. What play with a military rank in its title focuses on the misadventures of a country bumpkin named Will Stockdale who is d

NO TIME FOR SERGEANTS

In this form of oriental theater, which became a distinctive form in the 13th century, actors use elaborate, expressionless masks. What form of Japanese theater requires that the actors use their voice and body to illustrate the emotions of their cha

NOH

In this type of drama, masks are usually worn by the actors. What Japanese style is a musical drama, in which all the characters, both male and female, are played by men?

NOH (THEATRE)

This region of northern France takes its name from the group of Scandinavian invaders who conquered it beginning in the 9th century. It was united with England for a time following the invasion of England by William the First in 1066. Name this region, which was also the site of the D-Day invasion during World War II.

NORMANDY

Two answers required. These two countries share a peninsula in Asia. They were divided into separate countries at the 38th Parallel after World War II Name these two countries, one communist and one a democracy, that were the scene of a police action -- technically not a war -- featured in the TV show "M*A*S*H".

NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA

This region was home to the Chinook [CHIH-nook] tribe. The indigenous peoples of this region relied heavily on fishing for food, and their culture included festivals known as potlatch. Give this cultural region also associated with totem poles, located

NORTHWEST(ERN) (COAST) (Accept: PACIFIC NORTHWEST)

This artificial waterway is being enlarged to accommodate larger vessels, including supertankers, as they pass between two oceans. In 1999, the country that built it turned it over to the country in which is was located. Identify the canal built a century ago by the United States to allow ships to avoid the Cape Horn of South America.

PANAMA (CANAL)

Multiple answers required. On November 27, 43 BC, these three men established a political alliance that ended the Roman Republic. Name the three members of Rome's Second Triumvirate.

OCTAVIAN, (MARK) ANTONY, (AND) LEPIDUS (ANY ORDER)

This father of Polynices [pahl-ee-NI-seez] correctly answers "man" to the Sphinx's riddle. He blinds himself after discovering the true identity of his wife, Jocasta. Name this Theban king from Greek mythology, fated to kill his father and marry his m

OEDIPUS

This was the first elaborate civilization of Middle America, particularly in the lowlands along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Their name comes from an Aztec word that means "people of the rubber country." Identify this civilization, which is identified with huge stone heads with flat faces, full lips and helmetlike headgear.

OLMEC [OHL-meck, AHL-meck]

Leonard Bernstein composed the film soundtrack for this 1954 movie. The movie, directed by Elia Kazan, starred Marlon Brando as Terry Malloy. What is this movie about an ex-prize fighter who, as a longshoreman, stands up to his corrupt union bosses?

ON THE WATERFRONT

This building was completed in New York City in 2014. Its construction was largely in response to a terrorist act 13 years earlier. Name this building, tallest in the Western Hemisphere, and built to replace the destroyed Twin Towers.

ONE-WORLD TRADE CENTER

This form of musical production was also the title of the 49th episode of Seinfeld. What drama set to music consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes?

OPERA

Part of the Western classical music tradition, this art form includes The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, and The Magic Flute. Identify this type of musical drama in which all of the dialogue is sung, not spoken.

OPERA(S)

The name itself comes from the word for the area in front of an ancient Greek stage. This type of instrumental ensemble was heavily influenced by Beethoven and Wagner [VAHG-ner]. Give this one-word term for an ensemble of over 100 musicians who focus

ORCHESTRA

For two decades, this was the main route by which migrants reached the American Northwest. It began at Independence, Missouri, and ended near the Willamette [wi-LAM-it] River Valley near the city of Portland. What was this trail, which mostly followed the Platte, Snake and Columbia Rivers?

OREGON (TRAIL)

This structure is found in some multicellular organisms. What term describes groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function?

ORGAN

In mythology this Thracian musician and poet played his lyre so sweetly that he enchanted men, beasts, trees, and rocks. Identify this son of the Muse, Calliope [kah-LYE-oh-pee], and lover of Eurydice [you-RID-uh-see].

ORPHEUS

He was the son of Calliope [kuh-LYE-uh-pee], the muse of epic poetry, and the god Apollo. This Greek musician was so skilled with a lyre that he could charm the trees and enchant wild beasts. Name this figure, who went looking in the underworld for his

ORPHEUS [OR-fee-uhs]

The villainous Iago [ee-AH-goh] causes the title character in this Shakespearean tragedy to kill his own wife, Desdemona [dez-duh-MOH-nuh]. Which of Shakespeare's plays focuses on the downfall of the Moor of Venice?

OTHELLO

. Paul Newman plays the Stage Manager in the current Broadway revival of which of Thornton Wilder's Pulitzer Prize-winning plays?

OUR TOWN

Not everything shot during the filming process makes it into the movie. What term refers to unused scenes where actors often flub lines, which are sometimes shown after the credits for a laugh?

OUT-TAKE(S)

The U.S. began working on this major construction project in 1904. According to the American Society of Civil Engineers, it is one of the seven wonders of the modern world. What Central American canal connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean?

PANAMA CANAL

. This mythological vessel was originally a jar. After Hephaestus fashioned the first woman from clay, he gave her this vessel. Which object released evil into the world, but retained hope?

PANDORA'S BOX (Accept: PANDORA'S JAR)

This area consisted of Laurasia [law-RAY-zhuh] and Gondwanaland [gahn-DWAH-nuh-land], before it split into seven land masses. It held together until the Triassic [try-AS-ick] period, but eventually drifted apart. From the Greek for "all earth," identi

PANGAEA [pan-JEE-uh]

In French, this term means "chewed paper." What art medium consists of paper pulp and glue that is molded into a desired shape and allowed to harden?

PAPIER-MÂCHÉ [pay-per-muh-SHAY]

This is a Greek word for "the virgin's place". Identify this temple built to honor the goddess Athena on the Acropolis.

PARTHENON

A full-size replica of this landmark can be found in Centennial Park in Nashville. The original was designed by Phidias [FID-ee-us], and was completed in 432 B.C. Identify the temple of the Greek goddess Athena that sits on the hill of the Acropolis.

PARTHENON [PAHR-thuh-nuhn]

Founded as Indiana Colony in 1874, this city received its current name, a Chippewa word that means "crown of the valley," the next year. The city lies in the San Gabriel Valley in Los Angeles County. Identify the California city that is best known for its annual Tournament of Roses and Rose Bowl football game.

PASADENA (CALIFORNIA)

In this dice game, a double leaning jowler scores 60 points. What dice game has the player toss two swine-shaped objects in order to score points based upon how they land?

PASS THE PIGS

This Jewish holiday begins on the 15th of Nisan [NISS-un] in the Jewish calendar. Identify this holiday, which observes the Israelites' freedom from Egyptian slavery.

PASSOVER

This Jewish holiday is held in the spring and marks the liberation of the Jewish people. Identify this celebration that marks God's mercy on Jewish homes marked with the blood of a lamb.

PASSOVER (ACCEPT: PESACH)

This element of dance is exhibited when a ballet dancer goes across the stage. What element is defined as the area a dancer crosses while performing?

PATHWAY

Space as an element of dance includes this quality. They might be straight, vertical, or zig-zag. What are these patterns that a dancer takes as he moves through the air or on the floor?

PATHWAYS

He was the son of a Huguenot [HEW-guh-noh] refugee, who taught him the craft of working with silver. His exploits in the early stages of the American Revolution were immortalized by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Name this silversmith who said, "one if by land, two if by sea," and rode to warn that "the British are coming!"

PAUL REVERE

This Renaissance dance takes its name from Padua, Italy, its city of origin. What slow dance which was used for processionals throughout Renaissance Italy is done in double time?

PAVANE (ACCEPT: PAVAN [puh-VAN])

According to American folklore, this man's love interest was Slue-Foot Sue, and his horse was Widowmaker. Identify by a two-word name the hero of tall tales who used a rattlesnake for a whip and who once rode a tornado like a wild bronco.

PECOS BILL

This Portuguese navigator's expedition was the second to reach India via the sea route around the Cape of Good Hope. He was instructed to use a route that would bring him within sight of the lands to the west granted to Portugal by the Treaty of Tordesillas [tawr-they-SEE-lyahs]. Name this explorer, who is generally credited with being the first to reach Brazil.

PEDRO ALVARES CABRAL [PAY-dro AWL-vuh-resh kuh-BRAHL]

This conflict was triggered by Athens' expanding in Greece and taking control of the Delian [DEE-lee-un] League as an empire. Throughout the war, Athens dominated the sea and Sparta the land until the former's navy was destroyed, bringing an end to th

PELOPONNESIAN [pel-uh-puh-NEE-zhun] WAR

This settlement was granted by King Charles II to the son of one of his creditors to repay the debt. That son was a member of the Quakers, and established this colony as a refuge for those suffering from religious persecution. Name this colony, founded

PENNSYLVANIA

This room is described as the "finest dining hall in Europe." It was originally intended as an eating space for British naval veterans. What is this hall where Horatio Nelson lay in state after the Battle of Trafalgar?

PAINTED HALL (OF THE ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE)

Also called Whitsunday [HWIT-SUN-day], this celebration commemorates the descent of the Holy Ghost upon the apostles. What feast of the universal church is celebrated fifty days after the resurrection of Christ on the ancient Jewish festival called "t

PENTECOST

This Christian holiday shares its date and name with the Jewish holiday on which Moses received the Ten Commandments. A religious sect known for speaking in tongues takes its name from this religious holiday, which commemorates the receipt of the Holy

PENTECOST (Accept: PENTECOSTAL(ISM))

This conflict began as a power struggle between its namesake tribe and local English settlers. It resulted in extermination for the Native American nation and dominance for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

PEQUOT (WAR)

The bock-a-da-bock is a member of this family of musical instruments, which require those who play them to strike something to produce the sound. The instruments of what family are almost always located in the back of an orchestra?

PERCUSSION

Xylophones probably originated in Africa and Asia and take their name from Greek words meaning "wooden sound." Identify the family of musical instruments that the xylophone belongs to.

PERCUSSION

It is the oldest family of musical instruments, and its name comes from a Latin word that means "to strike." Instruments in this family can be struck with the hands, a stick, or even designed mallets. Which family includes the snare drum and the triangle?

PERCUSSION (FAMILY)

He is given credit for making his city the cultural and political leader of ancient Greece. He conducted the Peloponnesian [pel-uh-puh-NEE-zhun] War until his death, and had the Acropolis built. Name this leader, who contributed greatly to Athens' supremacy in Greece.

PERICLES [PER-ih-kleez]

This politician served between the Persian and the Peloponnesian [pel-uh-puh-NEE-zhun] Wars before dying from plague. During his administration, he built the Acropolis [uh-CRAH-pol-is] including the Parthenon [PARTH-uh-non]. Identify this Athenian sta

PERICLES [PER-uh-kleez]

Under his direction, the Parthenon [PAHR-thuh-non] was constructed in the mid-fifth century B.C. He made Athens the political and cultural center of Greece. Name this statesman who was largely responsible for the development of Athenian democracy.

PERICLES [PER-uh-kleez]

This empire was led and expanded by men such as Cyrus [SIGH-ruhs], Darius, and Xerxes [ZERK-zees]. It conquered Asia Minor, Babylon, Central Asia, and Egypt before being invaded conquered by Alexander the Great. Give this empire with its capital at Pe

PERSIAN (EMPIRE) (Accept: ACHAEMENID [uh-KEE-muh-nid] (EMPIRE))

A dramatic example of this literary device appears in a poem by William Blake, when two sunflowers say with human voices, "Ah, William, we're weary of weather." Which figure of speech gives human emotions or other characteristics to non-human things?

PERSONIFICATION (Accept: ANTHROPOMORPHISM [an-thruh-puh-MORE-fiz-um], PROSOPOPOEIA [pruh-soh-puh-PEE-uh])

This Broadway play has won five Tony Awards. This play gives us the background for Peter Pan, the boy who doesn't want to grow up. Identify this play in which a bare stage is transformed into a world of dreaming, flying, and growing up.

PETER AND THE STARCATCHER

This 1954 musical includes the numbers "Pirate Song," "I'm Flying," and "I Won't Grow Up." Its characters include Tiger Lily, Smee, and the Darling children. Name this play, also featuring Captain Hook and Tinkerbell, based on the novel by J. M. Barrie.

PETER PAN

The title of this ballet is the name of smiling young puppet who has a large, hooked nose. Based on a traditional character from folklore, it tells the story of three puppets that come to life. Name this ballet, composed by Igor Stravinsky [EE-gawr struh-VIN-skee, that is based on traditional Russian puppets.

PETRUSHKA [peh-TROOSH-kuh]

In this military formation perfected by Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great, a group of hoplites held their spears behind a wall of overlapping shields. Give this military term, which shares its name with any of the bones in the finger or toe.

PHALANX

In this musical based on a French novel, rising opera star Christine Daaé [DIE-ay] catches the attention of a mysterious masked man. He lives in the sewers below the opera house, and competes with a wealthy nobleman for Christine's love. Name the musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber that takes place at the Paris Opera.

PHANTOM OF THE OPERA

Full name, please. In 352, he became president of the Thessalian League. Identify this leader, the father of Alexander the Great.

PHILIP OF MACEDON (Accept: PHILIP II)

These people were likely one of the Sea Peoples whose invasion of Egypt was repelled, causing them to settle in the coastal plain from Joppa to the Gaza Strip. They came into conflict with the Israelites, and were finally defeated by the Israelite who became King David. Identify these people, whose name was used by the Greeks to identify what later became called Palestine.

PHILISTINES [FIL-uh-steens or fi-LIS-teens]

This famous Greek archer was not featured in the Iliad even though he played a major role in the Trojan War. Identify this archer who slays Paris, causing the collapse of Troy.

PHILOCTETES

This is an ancient region that mainly corresponds with modern day Lebanon. The region's people were known as sea traders and colonizers around the Mediterranean Sea. Name this region, whose people produced an alphabet that is an ancestor of our modern English alphabet.

PHOENICIA [fi-NEE-shuh] (Accept: PHOENICIANS [fi-NISH-uhn or fi-NEE-shuhn])

In ancient mythology, this bird had a melodious voice and gold and red plumage. Only one existed at any given time, and it lived at least five hundred years. What kind of bird burned itself on a funeral pyre, only to see a new bird rise from the ashes?

PHOENIX

Only one of these birds could be found in the world at a single time. Name this type of mythical bird which, after it had completed its 500-year life cycle, burned itself to death and arose young again from the ashes.

PHOENIX

This legendary creature lives at least five hundred years, before burning itself on a funeral pyre. A new creature arises from the old one's ashes, signifying rebirth. Identify this mythological bird, which shares its name with the capital of Arizona.

PHOENIX

This mythical purple-red bird lived five hundred years in the Arabian wilderness. It ended its life by burning itself to ashes on a funeral pyre. Name this creature, whose successor rose from its ashes.

PHOENIX

Margaret Bourke-White used this artistic medium to portray conditions in the Soviet Union. Another notable example is Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother. Renowned artists in what medium also include Robert Capa, Ansel Adams, and Mathew Brady?

PHOTOGRAPHY (Accept word forms and equivalents)

Some of Henry Cowell's music calls for this instrument to be played with the forearm rather than the fingers. Rachmaninoff wrote four concertos for this instrument, whose great players included Vladimir Horowitz. Name this instrument, for which Beetho

PIANO (Accept: PIANO(FORTE))

This sport was invented by Joel Pritchard, a congressman from Washington state. The court has a no-volley zone in the front next to the net and the ball has to bounce before it may be hit for the second time. What sport is played on a 44-foot-long co

PICKLEBALL

This legendary figure is the subject of an 1888 Robert Browning poem. After he rids a German town of rats by playing his magic pipe, the town refuses to pay him. Identify this man, who leads the town's children away in retaliation.

PIED PIPER (OF HAMELIN

This geographic region stretches about 600 miles between New Jersey and Alabama. It lies between the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and the mountains to its west. Identify this low, rolling plateau region, whose name is French for "foothills."

PIEDMONT

Natural ones include various clays and talcs, with titanium dioxide being one of the most important. Identify the fine colored powder that, when combined with various liquid mixtures, makes paint.

PIGMENT

This mountain was named a National Historic Landmark in 1961. What is this spot, where Katherine Lee Bates took in a breathtaking view that led to her writing of "America, the Beautiful"?

PIKE'S PEAK

This play features marionettes and Stromboli, the puppet master. Scenes in the play show a Donkey Machine and Undersea world where a whale lives. Identify this play about the wooden puppet who became a boy.

PINOCCHIO

This Chinese musical instrument has four strings and was prominent in the Qin (chin) Dynasty. What instrument is also called the "Chinese lute"?

PIPA [PEE-puh]

The "grand" [GRAHN(d)] version of this ballet move is performed in second position. In addition to that type, in which one leg is extended out to the side, it may also be done with the raised foot resting on the straight leg. In what move does a ballet

PIROUETTE

The dancer performing this move will use spotting or a periodic rapid rotation of the head to maintain a visual spot. The dance move begins from a plié [plee-AY] position and usually rises to pointe [pwant]. What ballet move requires the dancer to s

PIROUETTE [pir-oo-ET]

This feature of the stage is used in opera, ballet and musicals. What do we call the location between the stage and the audience that is placed below the line of sight of the audience and usually contains the musical instruments?

PIT

This relative sound is determined by the frequency of its vibration. On the piano, the highest frequency one of these is a tone that vibrates at 4,186 cycles per second. Identify this term that refers to the highness or lowness of a sound.

PITCH

Typically, jazz bass is played in this way, a word which begins with the letter "P." Identify this music term that indicates that the strings of an instrument must be plucked.

PIZZICATO [peet-zee-KAH-toh]

The opposite of this musical technique is "arco." Although usually done with the right hand, this technique may be done over the fingerboard with the left hand, as well. Identify this musical technique, in which a string player plucks at the strings.

PIZZICATO [pit-sih-KAH-toh] (Accept: PIZZ [PITS])

This early religious music was monophonic. These medieval songs were dictated by the Latin texts from which they originated. What are these single melodies without any harmonic support or accompaniment?

PLAINCHANT(S)

He was a student of Socrates [SOK-ruh-teez]. He was the teacher of Aristotle [AR-uh-stot-l]. Name this Greek, who founded the Academy, the ancestor of the modern university.

PLATO

dialogues focused on the teachings of this man's teacher and addressed numerous issues that laid the foundation for Western phil

PLATO

Ballet has various types of steps, movements, and positions. Identify the ballet movement in which the knees are bent outward and the back is held straight.

PLIÉ [PLEE-ay]

This element of dance is neutral or absent in most works of Merce Cunningham, leading to freedom of interpretation by the audience. In Sleeping Beauty, Princess Aurora is central to this element, which evolves around her. Name this element of dance, w

PLOT (Accept reasonable equivalents)

In 1691, this colony was absorbed into a nearby colony that had been established in 1630. The leaders were religious Separatists who had earlier fled England for Holland, then arrived in the Americas in 1620. What colony's first settlers arrived on the Mayflower?

PLYMOUTH (COLONY)

Minor ones include a man who discussed the fall of Ninevah and another who is told the Chaldeans [kal-DEE-ahns] are divine vengeance. Besides Nahum and Habbakuk, another one leaves his apprentice his cloak as he is taken up to heaven in a chariot of

PROPHET(S) (Accept: (MINOR) PROPHET(S))

This art element refers to the relationship of the size of the objects in a piece of work. What element gives the viewer an idea of the largeness or smallness of the objects with respect to one another?

PROPORTION SCALE

This name belongs to the Macedonian [mas-i-DOH-nee-uhn] general who became ruler of Egypt. The name also belongs to an Egyptian astronomer, mathematician and geographer of Greek descent. What is this name that belonged to a series of rulers of Egypt up until the coming of the Romans?

PTOLEMY [TOL-uh-mee]

This compromise allowed California to become a free state, and allowed popular sovereignty in the new territories of New Mexico and Utah. It included a stronger Fugitive Slave Act that was to be enforced by the federal government. Identify this compromise, which was successful only for a short time before controversy led to violence and later war.

COMPROMISE OF 1850

Looking like a small octagonal-shaped box with multi-folded sides, this instrument was developed in England by Sir Charles Wheatstone. What is this free-reed instrument similar to an accordion that has a bellows and buttons typically on both ends?

CONCERTINA

According to George Bernard Shaw, without this dramatic element there can be no drama. Identify this dramatic element that is a fixed structure of the play, with the eventual clash of the characters set to occur from the play's beginning?

CONFLIC

Although one of the most influential thinkers ever, his life was largely unremarkable: plain and real in a Chinese expression. He was born in 551 B.C. in Lu, which is now part of Shandong Province. Identify this man considered China's most famous teacher, political theorist, and philosopher.

CONFUCIUS [kuhn-FYOO-shuhs] (Accept: KONGZI, KONGFUZI)

Because men holding this title were more interested in gold than governing, Spain sent new administrators to rule the areas they subdued. Give the term for sixteenth-century Spanish conquerors of Peru and Mexico.

CONQUISTADOR [kon-KEES-tuh-door]

This adjective may mean "traditional in style or manner," as in a piece of clothing. It may describe a cautious price estimate, or a branch of Judaism. Give this word, which in politics is often contrasted with "liberal."

CONSERVATIVE

This city was founded in 330 AD as the new, more eastern capital of the Roman Empire. It served as the Byzantine Empire's capital until 1453, at which point it became the Ottoman Empire's capital for almost five hundred years. Name this city, which be

CONSTANTINOPLE

If unwound this instrument would be 18 feet long. This woodwind instrument is a tube doubled back twice on itself. Name this lowest-pitched woodwind instrument.

CONTRABASSOON (Accept: DOUBLE BASSOON)

This crop, considered a member of the grass family, is second only to wheat in number of acres grown. What crop, grown by Native American cultures throughout the Americas, has varieties that include flint, sweet, and pop?

CORN (Accept: MAIZE)

This brass instrument plays a major role in musical ensembles in the United States. It is the instrument of choice of Wynton Marsalis. What is this valved instrument that resembles a trumpet?

CORNET

Most ballet terms come from French. Identify the three-word French ballet term that means a group of dancers who perform together.

CORPS DE BALLET

In the days of sailing ships, this word described a ship smaller than a frigate. In modern navies, it is an armed escort ship smaller than a destroyer. What word, when capitalized, refers to a sports car made by Chevrolet?

CORVETTE

An Indian version of this machine, called a charkhi, was in existence before the better-known American version of this seed separator was developed in the 1790s. What machine that separated sticky seeds from cotton fibers was patented by Eli Whitney i

COTTON GIN

A synonym for this musical term is polyphony. Give the musical term, beginning with the letter C, for two melodic ideas playing simultaneously.

COUNTERPOINT

There are high points and low points on a transverse wave. What term is given to the high points?

CREST(S)

This game is the other one played at the club in Wimbledon. What game consists of players each striking his or her ball with a mallet to run it through a course of metal hoops?

CROQUET

Recent examples include sacred harp music because of the 2003 movie Cold Mountain and bluegrass music because of the movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? What musical term, beginning with the letter C, is applied to musical works or performers appearing o

CROSSOVER

These conflicts began with Pope Urban the Second's charging Christians to help defend Byzantium [bih-ZAN-tee-um]. The first one saw a series of states set up, and the third one featured Saladin [SAH-lah-deen] and Richard the Lionheart. What were these

CRUSADES

In 2015, President Obama met with the president of this nation at the Summit of the Americas in Panama. The United States then re-established diplomatic relations, which were severed in 1961. Name this Caribbean nation, whose president is Raul Castro.

CUBA

In quick recall, this three-letter word can be considered to be the final clue or hint in the question. But in the theater, what term refers to the signal that tells a performer to begin a specific speech or action?

CUE

This production term has many definitions depending upon its context. For voice-over narration, it is the marking of the point in which the actor may begin speaking at the appropriate time. What is this term that can also be a hint for a performer to

CUE(ING)

Although it had been used for passage since the time of Native Americans, it was Dr. Walker who first used it for the movement of settlers. Name this geographical oddity, which is actually located in three states: Tennessee, Virginia, and Kentucky.

CUMBERLAND GAP

Examples of this concept include the Euro, the Japanese Yen, and the British Pound Sterling. Its invention ended bartering, and its value may be linked to exchange rates or government issuance. Name this specific medium of exchange, a form of money.

CURRENCY

This type of food means "gravy" and is usually served as a side dish. What food, characterized by its pungent spices, is commonly eaten with rice or bread in India and Pakistan?

CURRY

Robert Schenkkan wrote a set of nine plays known collectively as the "Kentucky" one of these dramatic groupings. Sophocles [SOF-uh-kleez] wrote one of these groupings that centered on Oedipus [] and Thebes [THEEBZ]. What term describes a group of dram

CYCLE

This type of Greek column is the simplest of the orders, and has only 20 flutes. It features short, heavy columns and a square abacus that connects it to the entablature [in-TA-bluh-chur]. Identify this order of columns with plain round capitals.

DORIC (Accept: DORIAN)

In the spring of 2009, this leisure activity became a varsity sport in New York City. What sport requires its athletes to jump between two ropes that are turning in opposite directions?

DOUBLE DUTCH

Musical instruments that use this special type of mouthpiece are members of the oboe family. In addition to the oboe, bassoons and English horns also use this mouthpiece. What type of mouthpiece is constructed from two pieces of cane that are bound together with string?

DOUBLE REED

An adjective formed from this Athenian lawgiver's name means "unusually severe or cruel." Identify this first Athenian legislator, who replaced oral law and blood feuds with a written code.

DRACO

This kind of mythological creature was the subject of a song made famous by Peter, Paul and Mary in the 1960s. What kind of creature was Puff, who "lived by the sea in a land called Honah Lee"?

DRAGON

This type of literature comes from the Greek word for "action." What type of literature is used across cultures and tells a story whether in the form of an opera or a play?

DRAMA

An example of this kind of irony appears in the final act of Romeo and Juliet, because Romeo thinks his lover is dead, but we know she's only taken a sleeping potion. In which of the three basic types of irony does the audience have some kind of knowl

DRAMATIC (IRONY)

In Shakespeare's plays, characters appear on this list in order of their social standing, with the king and nobles at the top, and peasants at the bottom. What is the Latin term for the list of characters in a play, literally meaning "the persons of t

DRAMATIS PERSONAE [DRAM-uh-tis per-SOH-nee]

This 1857 Supreme Court decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. It also held that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States. Identify this case, in which a slave who had resided in a free state or territory was not entitled to his freedom.

DRED SCOTT (V. JOHN F.A. SANDFORD)

This word is commonly used to refer to the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, although it can be used more broadly to refer to any cathedral in Italy. What is this Italian term that means "cathedral church?"

DUOMO [do-OH-moh]

This category of consumer goods has a significant life span, and often requires a plan of maintenance. Examples of things that do not qualify as this kind of good are food, gasoline, and shoes. What do we call this category, which might include automobiles, furniture and lawnmowers?

DURABLE (GOODS)

The speed of the beat of music combines with this musical element to create rhythm. This is the length of a sound or a silence in music. What is this musical term that is symbolized in music by different types of notes?

DURATION

This Greek structure refers to the entire piece that is located above columns. What word refers to the collective elements of the architrave [ARK-uh-trayv], the frieze [freez] and the cornice [KOR-niss]?

ENTABLATURE [en-TAB-luh-choor]

his goddess's "rosy fingers" opened the gates of heaven so that Apollo could ride his chariot across the sky every day. Who is this Greek goddess of the dawn whose Roman counterpart is Aurora?

EOS

The magi [MAY-jie] visited the Christ child on this day, according to Christian beliefs. What Christian festival, observed on January 6, commemorates the manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles twelve days after Christmas?

EPIPHANY

This Christian holiday occurs on January 6th. What holiday celebrates the visit of the Magi to the infant Jesus in Bethlehem?

EPIPHANY

This clause was central to Bush v. Gore and Brown v. Board. It guarantees that no one is given privileged treatment under the law by the states nor the federal government. Identify this clause found in the Fourteenth Amendment.

EQUAL PROTECTION (CLAUSE)

This Great Circle around the Earth lies in a plane perpendicular to the Earth's axis. It is equally distant from the two poles. Identify this reference line, located at zero degrees latitude.

EQUATOR

This Chinese musical instrument has python skin that surrounds the sounding chamber. What instrument is played by a bow that is strung between two strings?

ERHU

The completion of this project did much to make New York a major commercial center of the United States. It was begun under the leadership of Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York. What engineering project required eighty-three locks to span the distance from Buffalo, New York, to the upper Hudson River?

ERIE CANAL

This man-made waterway took advantage of the Mohawk River gap in the Appalachian Mountains. It was the first to connect what were then the western waterways with the Atlantic Ocean. Name this waterway, which permitted tons of produce to be transported from Buffalo on Lake Erie to New York City by way of the Hudson River.

ERIE CANAL

He left Norway as a boy when his father was exiled to Iceland. When he himself was exiled from Iceland, he sailed west with his household and livestock. What explorer established the first European settlement in Greenland in the late tenth century A.D.?

ERIK (THE RED) (Accept: ERIK THORVALDSON [TOOR-vahl-sun])

Named for the Greek goddess of strife, this is the ninth largest object orbiting our sun. Residing beyond Neptune, it is classified as a dwarf planet. Name the largest known dwarf planet in our solar system.

ERIS [EER-is]

This symphony's second movement, a funeral march, was played during the funeral of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its composer originally intended to dedicate this symphony to Napoleon, but changed his mind after Napoleon declared himself emperor. Identify th

EROICA (Accept: (BEETHOVEN'S) THIRD (SYMPHONY) or (SYMPHONY NO.) 3 (IN E-FLAT MAJOR))

This Greek god resides on Mount Olympus and was the offspring of Aphrodite and Ares. What Greek figure is depicted with wings and is the god of love?

EROS

This geographic feature houses twenty two of the world's largest cities. Examples include the Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. What is this biome, where a freshwater river flows into the ocean?

ESTUARY [ES-choo-er-ee]

Aristotle is quoted as saying that this playwright "with all his faults [was] the most tragic of the poets." Who is this tragedian with eighteen surviving plays, including Medea?

EURIPEDES

In law, this phrase means to make a crime illegal when it was previously legal. What three-word Latin phrase means "after the fact"?

EX POST FACTO

This stage direction is usually written in Latin. If you see the direction exeunt omnes [EGGS-ay-unt OM-nayss] in the script, what are you supposed to do next?

EXIT

This element of drama depends on the time needed to present the background to the reader or the audience. What part of the play gives the reader this background before the plot is developed?

EXPOSITION

Scenes of death and poverty were often painted by these artists. The purpose of their art was to evoke strong emotions. Identify this modern art movement that includes The Scream by Munch.

EXPRESSIONISM (ACCEPT: EXPRESSIONISTS)

First and last name required. This Mongolian warrior was one of the most famous conquerors in history. Named Temujin [tea-moo-jin] at birth, he rose to power by systematically eliminating all his rivals. Name this ruler, who unified Mongolia and extended his empire across Asia to the Adriatic Sea by the beginning of the 13th century A.D.

GENGHIS KHAN [JENG-gis KAHN, GENG-gis KAHN]

In this architectural work, a boulder forms the central point of the design. Identify this structure designed for the E.J. Kauffmann family in Bear Run, Pennsylvania by Frank Lloyd Wright.

FALLINGWATER (ACCEPT: KAUFMANN HOUSE)

The river associated with this architectural landmark is Pennsylvania's Bear Run. Its concrete cantilevers keep its balconies suspended in midair over that running water. Name this house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, located over a waterfall.

FALLINGWATER (Accept KAUFMANN HOUSE)

This dance was first developed by Spanish Moors, and includes light, high percussion sounds such as hand clapping and castanets. The musical accompaniment of this triple-time dance continuously increases over its course. Name this folk dance of Spain a

FANDANGO

This short-lived movement lasted only as long as its originator fought to find the artistic freedom he wanted. Henri Matisse [ahn-REE mah-TEES] ushered in this art movement as he used color as an emotional force. What art movement is literally Frenc

FAUVISM [FOE-viz-um] (Accept: FAUVIST, FAUVE)

Generally this architectural structure is built on one side of the exterior of a building, usually the front, but it may consist of the sides and rear. What architectural term from French literally means frontage or face?

FAÇADE

This agency was created by the Glass-Steagall Act, also called the Banking Act, of 1933. It is funded by fees paid by insured banks, and has a payout limit of $250,000 as of 2014. What agency insures bank checking and savings accounts and certificates of deposit up to a maximum amount?

FDIC (Accept: FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION)

One of these structures, made out of glass, is part of I.M. Pei's [PAYZ] design for Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Pei designed a more famous one of these structures, also in glass, for Paris' Louve [LOOV] Museum. Name this basic architectura

PYRAMID(S) (Accept any answer that includes the word PYRAMID)

These structures were first devised by Imhotep in step form. Similar to the ziggurat [ZIG-goo-raht], the largest examples are at Giza [GHEE-zuh], including that of Khufu [KOO-foo]. Identify these Egyptian funeral structures with triangular faces.

PYRAMIDS

The Greek god Apollo was the personification of eternal youth and beauty. While in Delphi [DEL-fee] in central Greece, Apollo was famed for killing which feared serpent?

PYTHON

In Britain, a note of this duration is known as a "crotchet." It may be subdivided into eight thirty-second notes, while one double whole note may be subdivided into eight of these notes. Name this type of note, of which there are three in a bar of 3/

QUARTER (NOTE)

First and last name required. He was already an established local star when he was hired in 1962 to join the band with which he became world famous. Identify the English musician who played drums for the Beatles.

RINGO STARR (Accept RICHARD STARKEY)

This body of water flows past Brownsville, Texas, before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico. It was part of the issue that started the Mexican-American War. Give this river, which forms much of the boundary between the United States and Mexico.

RIO GRANDE

When this parable was first performed, the choreography of Nijinsky overshadowed the music to the point that it was almost inaudible. What was this work about human sacrifice that later critics would call a carnival of abuse, by Tchaikovsky?

RITE OF SPRING

Originally dance was used for this purpose. Dancing to honor the gods, to express grief at ancient Egyptian funerals, and an imitation of the cosmos are all examples of this type of dance. What "R"- word describes this type of dance?

RITUAL

Originally founded in 1585 on the coast of North Carolina, the mystery surrounding it began with the return of a supply ship in 1588. The word "CROATAN" [CROH-uh-tin], carved in a tree, was the only trace left of it. Name this settlement founded by Wal

ROANOKE [ROH-ah-nohk]

This mountain range contains the city of Denver, It creating a continental divide in North America, and has peaks over fourteen thousand feet high. What is this Western United States mountain range?

ROCKY (MOUNTAINS) (Accept: ROCKIES)

This ballet was created for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. What was this ballet choreographed by Agnes de Mille and scored by Aaron Copland?

RODEO

. Music scholars often claim that this era began with works like the Missa Solemnis [MEE-suh suh-LEM-nis] and the "Hammerklavier" [HAH-mer-klah-vee-AIR] Sonata. Another work from this era is Hector Berlioz's [BER-lee-oh-zes] Symphonie Fantastique [fan-t

ROMANTIC(ISM) (ERA or PERIOD)

This city was founded by Romulus [RAHM-yoo-luhs] and Remus [REE-muhs] on the banks of the Tiber [TIGH-ber] River. Later, it conquered massive amounts of territory, including Greece, Carthage, and Gaul, and the entire Mediterranean. Name this city, the

ROME

This city was the center of an ancient state that began about 500 B.C. on a European peninsula. In the following years, that state expanded at the expense of the Etruscan [ih-TRUHS-kuhn] states. Name this city that eventually became the center of an empire that nearly surrounded the Mediterranean Sea.

ROME

Based on the story of Pyramus and Thisbe the play-within-a-play in Shakespeare's other play A Midsummer Night's Dream. Which of Shakespeare's tragedies features characters like Paris Tybalt [TIB-ult]Mercutio [mer-KOO-shee-oh]and Lady Capulet?

ROMEO AND JULIET

Full name please. This politician is the father of Kentucky's junior Senator. He served as a gynecologist in Texas before running several times for Congress and the presidency. Name this politician, an influential Tea Party member and Libertarian.

RON PAUL

Multiple answer required. King Claudius sends these two characters along to England in order to carry out Hamlet's death. Which of William Shakespeare's characters star in their own play by Tom Stoppard, in which they unfortunately still end up dead?

ROSENCRANTZ (AND) GUILDENSTERN (Either order)

This speaking platform gets its name from a Latin word meaning a bird's beak or a ship's prow. Identify the theater term, beginning with the letter R, for a movable platform which can be placed on stage.

ROSTRUM

In this type of song, the melodies are written in such a way that they combine harmoniously. The performers sing the same words and the same melodies, but start at different times. What type of musical composition are "Three Blind Mice" and "Row, Row, Row Your Boat"?

ROUND

The New Zealand team is nicknamed the "All Blacks," a reference to their jersey color, in this sport. It was originally played at a boarding school in England for which it is named. In what sport, similar to football, do teams score five points for a

RUGBY

This state's entrance into the union was partly paved by three small victories by Union General McClellan within its borders. Here John Brown had led a band of men to seize the federal armory at Harper's Ferry in 1859. Name this state, which broke off from one of the Confederate states and joined the union in 1863.

WEST VIRGINIA

Roger Miller sang of this English landmark, which was consecrated in 1065, in his Number One hit "England Swings." Many kings and queen are buried in this important religious center for the country. In what church has every king and queen of England

WESTMINSTER ABBEY

This oil on canvas was completed in 1889 by Vincent Van Gogh. It depicts a reaper in a field in Saint-Remy. What is this painting that is reminiscent of the work of Millet?

WHEATFIELD WITH A REAPER

This political party was succeeded by the Know-Nothings and the Republicans in the 1850s. They supported modernization and protectionism, and were led by Daniel Webster, William Henry Harrison, and Henry Clay. What was this political party formed to o

WHIG (PARTY)

A tax on this product resulted in an insurrection in western Pennsylvania in 1794. In response, President Washington called for militia from Pennsylvania and three neighboring states to put down the rebellion. What was this product that was being taxed by the federal government?

WHISKEY

This painting's subject sits with her feet on a footstool, lined up with the edge of the dark floral curtains on the back wall. She faces to the left, her white veiled bonnet contrasting with her black dress. Name this portrait of a close relative, pai

WHISTLER'S MOTHER (Accept: ARRANGEMENT IN GREY AND BLACK (NO. 1))

. After the success of the Broadway musical based on this book, the author released a sequel titled Son of a Witch. Which Gregory Maguire novel aims to present the "true account" of "The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West"?

WICKED

Early in this musical, Madame Morrible gives one character her training wand, but expresses doubt about Galinda's magical capabilities. Its protagonist charms a broom into flying as she sings about Defying Gravity. Which musical centers on a green-ski

WICKED

Premiering on Broadway in 2003, this musical features songs like "Popular" and "Defying Gravity." It tells the story of Galinda and Elphaba [ELL-fah-bah] and what happened in Oz before Dorothy arrived. Name this play that is subtitled "The Untold Story of the Witches of Oz."

WICKED

Chicago's Oriental Theatre currently hosts performances of this musical, whose songs include "Defying Gravity," "As Long as You're Mine," and "Popular." Identify this musical which is a re-imagining of a classic story by L. Frank Baum.

WICKED (Do Not Accept: THE WONDERFUL WIZARD OF OZ)

First and last name required. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives, the Ohio Senate, and the U.S. Senate before being named U.S. minister to Colombia in 1828. He served as president for only 30 days

WILLIAM (HENRY) HARRISON

First and last name answer required. This fourteenth-century hero hailed from the Swiss canton of Uri. He inspired the Swiss people to defy Austrian rule by killing the governor in an ambush. Who gained fame by shooting an apple off his son's head?

WILLIAM TELL

City and state required. The first known play acted in the colonies in a theatre took place in 1718. Identify the first recorded American city to build a theatre for live performances.

WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA

This Chinese food is commonly filled with pork or ginger and onion. Identify this food with Cantonese origins, which can be served in a soup or by itself. It is a dumpling.

WONTON

This base art material is the main component of parquetry [PAHR-ki-tree]. Traditional Japanese ukiyo-e [oo-KEE-yaw-E] prints use base blocks of this material. Which artistic base did Pacific Northwest Indians carve into totem poles?

WOOD(S) (Accept: WOOD(CUT(S)) or WOOD(BLOCK(S) and other forms)

The first type of these songs includes songs that are a rhythmic accompaniment to tasks. What is this type of music that may describe the job itself as in "mark twain quarter twain", the song of the Mississippi River boatmen?

WORK SONGS

Sir Isaac Newton praised this mathematician and founder of the Royal Society as one of the "greatest Geometers" of his time. Identify this architect whose portfolio included fifty-two churches, including St. Paul's Cathedral.

WREN

The siege at this place virtually ended military operations in the American Revolution. It lies on a peninsula that is part of Virginia. Name this place, where a combined French and American force trapped Cornwallis' troops and forced a surrender.

YORKTOWN

British forces retreated to this coastal town so their commander could maintain communication by sea with the main British army in New York. Continental and French troops left New York and hurried southward to join the forces besieging the British. At what Virginia town did forces under Washington and Lafayette force British General Cornwallis to surrender?

YORKTOWN (VIRGINIA)

This website, owned by Google since 2006, was created by three former Pay Pal employees. Identify this website containing more than 83 million video clips that had more than 79 million users in January 2008.

YOU TUBE (DOT COM)

This geographic landform separates the Gulf of Mexico from the Caribbean Sea. Though now a part of Mexico, it once housed the Mayan culture at Chichen Itza [CHICH-in EET-zah]. Identify this peninsula, the home of Cancún [can-KOON].

YUCATÁN (PENINSULA)

Created by Lynn Ahrens and Stephen Flaherty, this Broadway musical is a fusion of many beloved children's stories. It pulls characters and plots from books such as Miss Gertrude McFuzz and Horton Hears a Who!, and is narrated by the Cat in the Hat. Identify this Broadway show that brings to life the fantastical world of Dr. Seuss.

SEUSSICAL (THE MUSICAL)

This art term literally means "smoked" in Italian. There are no harsh outlines as in a coloring book, but instead areas blend into one another giving a hazy look to the painting. What art term is exemplified by Da Vinci's technique in the Mona Lisa?

SFUMATO [sfoo-MAH-toh]

This dynasty was centered in the North China Plain. This was the period when Chinese writing began to develop. Name this dynasty, the first one for which we have both documentary and archaeological evidence.

SHANG [shong] (DYNASTY)

These Algonquian-speaking [al-GONG-kee-uhn, al-GONG-kwee-uhn] North American Indian people were the last to make homes in Kentucky before the European settlement there. They were driven from their homes by raiding Iroquois Indians. Name these people, who were defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

SHAWNEE

This religion evolved from a mixture of nature worship, fertility cults, shamanism, and other elements. Its roots are found as early as 500 B.C., and it has no mythology and no scripture. What Japanese religion 's name comes from the Chinese for "th

SHINTO (Accept: SHINTOISM)

This deity is one of the manifestations of Brahman. He is married to the goddess Shakti or Kali. What is this Hindu deity called the Destroyer who is covered with white ashes, and from whose hair the Ganges River flows?

SHIVA

This god is usually depicted in a meditative state. What member of the Trimurti [tree-MUR-tee] in the Hindu tradition is the destroyer god and has a trident as a weapon?

SHIVA [SHEE-vuh]

This musical closes with the entire cast singing "I'm a Believer." A dragon roasts the title villain, while the princess turns permanently green when her curse is broken. Name this musical about Farquaad [FAR-kwahd], Donkey, Fiona, and the title ogre.

SHREK (THE MUSICAL)

This English word for a dark shape or outline comes from the name of a French politician. Identify this French word that can be used as a synonym for "shadow."

SILHOUETTE

This trade route enabled the spread of the Black Death throughout Asia and Europe. Before its breakdown under the Mongol Empire, it ran from Aleppo [AH-lep-poh], Syria, to Xi'an [SHEE-an], China. What trade route was named for the textile that was its

SILK ROAD (Accept: SILK ROUTE)

This was a series of interconnected trade routes that brought Christianity and Buddhism to China. What expansive trade route took its name from a particular commodity China sent westward?

SILK ROAD (Accept: SILK ROUTE)

In 1962, Andy Warhol began experimenting with this technique that "gave more of an assembly line effect" to his paintings. He would select a photograph, enlarge it, and transfer it onto silk, then use ink to create prints in various colors, but retain the same original image. Identify this technique that Warhol used in his work titled Marilyn Diptych.

SILKSCREEN(ING)

This tiny country is made up of 58 islands just off the tip of the Malay Peninsula. In 1819, the English valued it for its deep-water harbor. What name is given to the country, the main island, and the capital, all the same name?

SINGAPORE

This film features some of its wildest choreography in the number "Make 'Em Laugh." Its plot involves a Hollywood studio during the early days of sound in movies. In what movie does Gene Kelly hang off a lamppost while performing the titular action in

SINGIN' IN THE RAIN

India has many players of this stringed instrument in the lute family. Usually having metal strings, a long neck, and a gourd-shaped resonating chamber at its base, the instrument measures nearly four feet in length. What Indian instrument does the

SITAR

This musical instrument has been played prominently by Ravi Shankar and George Harrison. What instrument features a long neck with a gourd for a resonating chamber and originated in India?

SITAR

The most prestigious competition for this sport is held every four years. What is this sport sometimes referred to as association football that boasts such superstars as Pele [pay lay]?

SOCCER

This political philosophy is often confused with its more radical cousin, Communism. Formulated by Karl Marx, it was implemented in countries such as North Korea, Cuba, and the Soviet Union. Name this economic system which involves common ownership of

SOCIALISM

This Greek philosopher was satirized by Aristophanes [AIR-uh-STOF-uh-neez] in his play titled The Clouds. He is said to have written nothing himself, but is known from compositions by such admirers as Xenophon [ZEH-nuh-fahn] and Plato. Name this philosopher whose life was ended when he was sentenced to death by poisoning.

SOCRATES [SOK-ruh-teez]

This singing technique has a song in Sound of Music that includes "a female deer" and "a drop of golden sun". What technique is used in sight reading music and applies a syllable to each note?

SOLFÈGE [sohl-FEZH]

This man, whom Islam considers a prophet, allegedly wrote the biblical books of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes [ih-klee-zee-AS-teez], and Song of Songs. He had seven hundred wives, and ordered the construction of Jerusalem's first temple. Name this Israelite king, the son of David and Bathsheba, renowned for his wisdom.

SOLOMON

This reformer is believed to have fought against economic and political decline in Athens in the early 6th century B.C. However, poor record keeping means that nothing about his life is certain, and many 4th century B.C. laws are attributed to him. Wh

SOLON [SOH-lun, SOH-lahn]

This dynasty flourished, like the earlier Han [HAHN] and Tang [TAHNG], until being conquered by Mongols. It was a time of innovation and prosperity and saw the first use of banknotes, the compass, and gunpowder. Name this Chinese dynasty that lasted f

SONG [SOHNG] (DYNASTY)

Subdivisions of this voice type include "coloratura" [color-uh-TOUR-uh], "lyric," and "mezzo." A traditional three-part women's chorus includes two divisions of this voice type. Name this vocal range, the highest of the four traditional choral parts.

SOPRANO(S)

This state was the first among seven to secede from the United States between the time Lincoln was elected and his inauguration. It was the home state of Vice President and Senator John C. Calhoun. Name this state, where the Civil War began with the attack on Fort Sumter.

SOUTH CAROLINA

This region was home to the Creek, the Seminole [SIM-ih-nohl], and the Cherokee tribes. This region's mixture of forest and wetland led the indigenous peoples living here to engage in maize agriculture and mound building appropriate to a swamp lifestyl

SOUTHEASTERN (or SOUTHERN) WOODLANDS

This style of music -- named for a region of the country -- combines rock and roll, country and the blues. Identify this style, which stresses the vocals and electric guitar, and is performed by bands like Lynyrd Skynyrd and Third Day.

SOUTHERN ROCK

. This element of art is used to denote the subject of a piece. It can be classified as either positive or negative. What element describes the area that a piece of art takes up?

SPACE

In art, it can be positive or negative, with both serving an artistic purpose. Identify the art element meaning an area that can be filled with objects or be empty.

SPACE

This element of dance could be an alley or a stage. What element refers to the location and area that is taken up during a dance?

SPACE

This element of dance remains stationary when the dancer doesn't move her feet. It includes both the dancer's level and direction. Identify the element of dance that describes the area in which the dancer moves.

SPACE

This structure was built for the 1962 World's Fair, and at that time was the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River. The structure, designed by John Graham, is nearly 1,320 Milky Way Bars tall. What Seattle, Washington, landmark towers abov

SPACE NEEDLE

In an artwork showing two people, the depictions of the people form the "positive" type of this element of art. Contrastingly, the area between the two is the "negative" type, which may often be white. What element of art refers to sections of the work

SPACE(S)

The Canario was a dance step of stomping that made its way into Italian Renaissance dances, even though it originated in this other country's Canary Islands. Identify this country whose other dances include the flamenco and the bolero.

SPAIN

Two answers required. These two nations benefited from the Treaty of Tordesillas [tawr-they-SEE-lyahs]. This treaty divided all newly discovered or yet undiscovered new lands between these two nations. Identify these nations, one of which claimed Brazil, and the other, which claimed the rest of South America.

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

In mythology, this creature killed herself when Oedipus solved her riddle. She has the head of a person, the body of a lion, and the wings of an eagle. Name this creature, whose stone version guards the Great Pyramid at Giza.

SPHINX

This musical's villain creates his henchmen while singing "A Freak Like Me Needs Company." Its original director, Julie Taymor, left after its stunts severly injured cast members. Identify this musical about the superhero alter-ego of Peter Parker.

SPIDERMAN(: TURN OFF THE DARK)

These hymns are often considered to have originated with the slaves in America's South. Identify this genre of music that includes such songs as "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot".

SPIRITUAL(S)

These can be played as a makeshift percussion instrument by being struck together. Someone playing a pair of these items would hold them with concave sides facing out and with a finger between their handles to space them apart as they are struck agai

SPOON(S)

This shape was the original formation of couples dancing the cotillion. This shape, also the original positioning of dancers in the quadrille [kwah-DREEL], names a dance associated with Appalachia. In what "shape" dance might you be instructed to "swi

SQUARE(S) (DANCE(S))

A Classical dome framed by Baroque towers dominates the exterior of this structure. Its architect is buried within its walls. What cathedral in London was designed by Sir Christopher Wren?

ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL

This musical term instructs the musician to play notes in a short, quick manner without holding them. What term is represented by a dot above or below the note?

STACCATO

One of the main features of this painting is the cypress tree in the middle left. What painting was done from memory after a visit to a sanatorium by van Gogh?

STARRY NIGHT

In the commedia dell'arte [kuh-MAY-dee-uh del-AHR-tee] tradition, Pierrot [pee-uh-ROH] and Harlequin are examples of these. The "fool" is an example of one of these in Shakespearian drama. What term, describing stereotypical, familiar characters that

STOCK (CHARACTERS)

This word comes from the Latin for "under penalty." It is a legal document that may be issued by a court, a grand jury, or a legislative body commanding a person's appearance before it. Identify this instrument, which may also be issued to command the recipient to produce certain evidence.

SUBPOENA [suh-PEE-nuh]

This musical genre [ZHAN-ruh] returned to prominence with Gustav Holst's The Planets. During the Baroque era, composers grouped sets of four dances together to create the "dance" type of this genre. What terms describes a multi-movement musical work w

SUITE(S)

During his reign from 1520 to 1566, he oversaw army conquests of Belgrade, Rhodes, and parts of Hungary. Name this longest-ruling sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who oversaw the Golden Age of Ottoman culture.

SULEIMAN [SOO-ley-mahn] (THE FIRST) (Accept: SULEIMAN THE MAGNIFICENT, SULEIMAN THE LAWGIVER)

This ancient region produced the first wheeled vehicles and potter's wheels, and cuneiform, the first system of writing. Theirs was the site of the earliest known civilization, located in the southernmost part of Mesopotamia. Name this region, which included such city-states as Kish, Ur, and Etana [eh-TAH-nah].

SUMER [SOO-mer] (Accept: SUMERIAN [soo-MEER-ee-uhn])

These series of paintings include the Arles and Paris varieties. What group of paintings by van Gogh are still-lifes of the yellow plants in their titles?

SUNFLOWERS

Nickname required. Even as a child, the composer of this symphony was noted for his sense of humor, and he demonstrated it with this work. According to one story, he was conducting it when he instructed the musicians to play the final chord of the second movement fortissimo [fore-TIS-uh-moe] to wake up a sleeping member of the audience. As a result, what nickname was given to this startling composition by Haydn [HIDE-un]?

SURPRISE (SYMPHONY)

This Russian ballet, which premiered in 1886, is actually based on several different German and Russian folktales, including "The White Duck." Identify the ballet about the princess Odette [oh-DET-tuh], whom an evil sorcerer has transformed into a wat

SWAN LAKE

Glaciers in this country feed the headwaters of two of Europe's major rivers. The country is a vacation spot, turns out precision instruments, and serves as the headquarters of many international organizations. Name this nation, which has remained neutral for more than 400 years, refusing to take sides in other countries' wars.

SWITZERLAND

Architect Jørn Utzon [YOHRN OOT-sun] received the Pritzker Prize for his design of this World Heritage Site. This architectural icon has come to symbolize the continent on which it stands. What structure situated on Bennelong Point houses the Opera

SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE

This characteristic is used by scientists to classify animals, especially invertebrates. Most animals have either radial or bilateral forms of this characteristic. Identify the term that refers to the arrangement of the individual parts of an organi

SYMMETRY

This musical rhythm is seen predominately in reggae and jazz. What is a rhythm that stresses the offbeat called?

SYNCOPATION

This country sits under Bashar al-Assad's [BASH-er al-AH-sadz] rule. The Arab Spring provoked its 2012 civil war, which has left several cities, including Homs [HUMS], in ruins. Which Muslim nation has its capital at Damascus [duh-MASK-us]?

SYRIA

A "dress" is usually immediately preceded by this type of rehearsal. An actor who is not in costume, but is rehearsing with props, is probably participating in one. What type of rehearsal takes its name from the fact that it focuses on props, lighting

TECH(NICAL) (REHEARSAL)

It generally lies between the C one octave below middle C and the C one octave above middle C. Identify the highest male singing voice in a four-part choir.

TENOR

The Chinese emperor who began construction on the Great Wall also ordered for himself an entire army of statues made out of this type of material. Identify this hardened clay ceramic, the name of which comes from the Italian words for "baked earth."

TERRA COTTA

This ceramic substance has been used throughout history to make pots, and the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qin [kin] holds thousands of life-size warriors made out of it. Identify this special type of hardened clay, with a name that comes from the Ita

TERRA COTTA

Instead of "Here Be Dragons," ancient mapmakers might use this Latin phrase to mark unmapped areas. Which two-word phrase means "unknown land" in Latin?

TERRA INCOGNITA [in-kahg-NEE-tuh]

This character is a milkman in Russia. He tries to maintain the Jewish traditions in his family. Who is this poor man with five daughters and a sharp-tongued wife in Fiddler on the Roof?

TEVYE

This state's borders include the Red River, the Sabine River, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Rio Grande. Its most rugged terrain lies to the west of the Pecos River. Name this state, who has was the nation's largest in size until 1959.

TEXAS

This conflict lasted from 1835 to 1836, but wasn't fully resolved until the Mexican-American War. Its battles included San Jacinto [jah-SIN-toh], where Santa Anna surrendered his army, and the Alamo, which became its rallying cry. Name this war in whi

TEXAS REVOLUTION (Accept: TEXAS WAR OF INDEPENDENCE)

As a country western dance, this progressive dance proceeds counterclockwise around the floor. Often the pattern for this dance is referred to as "step-together, walk, walk." What dance is named for the largest state in the contiguous United States?

TEXAS TWO-STEP

Layers of sound are the basis for this musical element. The relationship between the voices or lines of music create this. What is this feel of the musical sound?

TEXTURE

This element of art can be physical or visual. Van Gogh used the physical version in paintings such as Starry Night and Sunflower. What element describes the way a piece of art feels or how you perceive it to feel?

TEXTURE

It can be a short, informal essay or, in music, a short melodic subject. What literary element is the overall idea or main point of a piece of writing?

THEME

First and last name answer required. This man delivered his speech "The Leader & the Cause" after being shot in the chest. Another speech offered Americans a "square deal," while a third alluded to a character from Pilgrim's Progress, the Man with the Muck Rake. Name this American president nicknamed the "Bull Moose."

THEODORE (OR TEDDY) ROOSEVELT

First and last name required. As assistant secretary of the Navy, he commanded the First Volunteer Cavalry in Cuba. Who became the youngest president after the assassination of William McKinley, and supposedly said "Speak softly and carry a big stick"?

THEODORE (or TEDDY) ROOSEVELT

Aristotle credited this man with adding monologues throughout early drama, and called him the first tragedian. He reportedly lived in the sixth century B.C., and was a poet in addition to his best known profession. Name this Greek is who revered as th

THESPIS [THEZ-pus] (Not: THESPIAN)

This amendment in the Bill of Rights was a response to the British practice of requiring colonists to provide shelter for their troops. Which amendment includes the statement, "No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner"?

THIRD (AMENDMENT) (Accept: (AMENDMENT) THREE)

This amendment ended a social practice not actually mentioned in the Constitution. In effect, it extended the Emancipation Proclamation to all states in the Union. Identify the amendment abolished slavery in the United States.

THIRTEENTH (AMENDMENT) (Accept: (AMENDMENT) THIRTEEN)

Article II (2) of the Constitution specifically states the requirements for being President, one of them being the minimum age. What age must you be to be elected President?

THIRTY-FIVE (35)

The ultimate Viking could be the description for this Norse god. He wielded a mighty hammer and traveled in a chariot drawn by two goats. Who was this Norse god of thunder?

THOR

This number is the number of traditional classical ballet positions in which the feet touch one another. It also describes the ballet position in which the heel of the right foot touches the instep of the left. What number is also the number of dancer

THREE (Accept: THIRD (POSITION))

According to myth, Squanto [SKWAN-toh] practiced this farming method, using a fish for fertilizer. In it, the maize provides a vertical support for the beans, the beans provide the soil with nitrogen, and the squash prevents weeds from growing.

THREE SISTERS (OF AGRICULTURE) (Accept: COMPANION PLANTING)

This type of stage is not rounded and gives views to the audience on three sides. What type of stage extends out into the audience and connects upstage with the rest?

THRUST (ACCEPT: PLATFORM or OPEN)

It rises in Lake Hazar in Turkey, forming part of the border between Turkey and Syria before entering Iraq. What river, one of the two forming the "land between the rivers" of Mesopotamia, joins the Euphrates at Basra?

TIGRIS

This river, found primarily in Turkey and Iraq, was the third of four rivers flowing from the Garden of Eden. Cities on its banks include Nineveh [NIN-uh-vuh], the capital of Assyria, and Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. Give this river, which along with

TIGRIS [TIE-grus] (RIVER)

Often this musical term is defined as the color of the music. It usually refers to the different sounds of different instruments. What is this element of music that can also be defined by the variety of sounds that a single instrument can make?

TIMBRE

In unaccompanied or silent dance, this element of dance may be measured by the dancer's breathing. In accompanied dance, it is often described by "counts" of the music's pulse. Name this element of dance which may also be measured with a stopwatch.

TIME (Accept: RHYTHM)

. This musical notation is also known as the meter signature. What is this Western musical notation that specifies how many beats are in each measure and which note value constitutes one beat?

TIME SIGNATURE

This musical term tells you how many notes per measure and what note gets the beat. What do we call the two numbers that appear at the beginning of a composition such as 4/4 or 6/8?

TIME SIGNATURE

If this element of drama is out of alignment, the entire scene can be disrupted. It is often used to describe a comedian's appropriate delivery of the punch line in a joke. What is this element in drama that, if it's off, the play doesn't keep on ticking?

TIMING

This drum has a round head stretched over a sealed enclosure. The tension of the head of this instrument can be altered by means of a foot pedal. What is this formal name of the kettle drums?

TIMPANI

This four-letter art term comes from a Latin verb that means "to color" or "to dye." It is characterized by a low saturation with relatively high lightness. Identify this art term that means a variation of color produced by adding white to the origin

TINT

This plant became a viable cash crop in the Virginia colony when John Rolfe's experiments with it produced a more palatable plant. His efforts produced a lucrative crop, which soon became the main crop in the colony. What is this plant, which can be smoked, chewed or sniffed?

TOBACCO

In his namesake novel, this character tries to cure warts in a graveyard, but instead sees Injun Joe murder Dr. Robinson. He discovers a box of gold when he and Becky Thatcher get lost in McDougal's Cave. Name this whitewasher of fences, friend of Hu

TOM SAWYER

This kind of map adds a third dimension to latitude and longitude by showing natural features of the Earth's surface, elevation in particular. What kind of map may use color or contour lines to show elevation?

TOPOGRAPHIC (MAP)

This kind of map is used to show differences in elevation. It uses contour lines which connect locations with the same elevation. Identify the type of map that uses relief to show natural and man-made features.

TOPOGRAPHIC (MAP) or TOP MAP

In places of worship, this document is always a scroll, and is kept in a container known as the "Ark of Law." It includes five books, and is believed to have been authored by Moses. Name this holy text containing God's teachings and laws for the Jewis

TORAH (Accept: PENTETEUCH)

In many areas of the world ancient dances are in danger of becoming extinct. Cultural anthropologists say that this may be the best way to save them. What is this method of preservation that involves visitors from other places visiting these areas?

TOURISM

These winds that blow towards the equator were shown on the world's first weather map, created by Edmund Halley in 1686. There are both northeast and southeast types, which meet in a region called the Doldrums. Name the winds once used by merchants, but now better known for bringing pleasant weather to tropical islands.

TRADE (WINDS)

According to Aristotle, this genre is the highest form of literature. Which type of play often focuses on the main character's hamartia [hah-mar-TEE-uh], or fatal flaw?

TRAGEDY

Aristotle described "catharsis" [kuh-THAHR-sus] as the purifying effect that this genre [ZHAHN-ruh] has on an audience. Shakespeare's works in this genre include King Lear, Othello, and Hamlet. Name this theatrical counterpart of "comedy."

TRAGEDY (Accept other forms of the word)

Gymnasts and dancers use this one-piece garment for practice and performance. Besides the torso, this tight-fitting garment also covers the legs. What variation of a leotard also covers the legs?

UNITARD

If a painting displays work from two different art movements, it would lack this principle. What principle refers to the wholeness or completeness of a work of art?

UNITY

An actor moving in this stage direction is moving away from the audience. This word, used as a verb, can also describe what happens when a performance by one actor distracts from the performance of others. Name this theatrical term, which originated w

UPSTAGE (Accept other forms of the word)

If you were traveling around in this state, you would find a wide array of parks from Canyonlands to Zion National Park. What is this state, whose capital is Salt Lake City?

UTAH

This state's landscape includes mountains, high plateaus, and deserts. It was mainly settled by members of the Mormon faith. Name this state, which includes the largest inland body of salt water in North America.

UTAH

This chamber piece by Mozart was written for an ensemble. Typical in Looney Tunes cartoons, what work is called "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik" in German?

(A) LITTLE NIGHT MUSIC

In this play, a group of "rude mechanicals" perform a play-within-a-play called Pyramus [PIR-uh-mus] and Thisbe [THIZ-bee]. Which of William Shakespeare's plays features a weaver named Nick Bottom who gets mixed up with a cast of fairies that includes

(A) MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM

Felix Mendelssohn drew from this five-bar chorale in his "Reformation" Symphony. In it, Martin Luther notes that the title concept is "a bulwark never failing." Name this pervasive chorale of early Protestantism, which exalts the defensive properties

(A) MIGHTY FORTRESS (IS OUR GOD) (Accept: (EIN) FESTE BURG (IST UNSER GOTT))

This play takes its name from the poem "A Dream Deferred" by Langston Hughes. It relates the efforts of the Younger family to move out of the ghetto and into their own home, facing many obstacles along the way. What is this 1959 play by Lorraine Hansb

(A) RAISIN IN THE SUN

In this painting, members of the middle class are enjoying a warm, sunny afternoon outing in a waterfront park. One of the first and most famous paintings created with pointillism, it even has a frame composed of small dots of color. Identify this painting by French artist Georges Seurat [ZHORZH suh-RAH].

(A) SUNDAY AFTERNOON ON THE ISLAND OF LA GRANDE JATTE [grahnd ZHAHT]

A major player in New York politics, he was named the state attorney general in 1789, and was elected to the U.S. Senate two years later. Name the third vice president of the U.S., who killed Andrew Hamilton in a duel.

(AARON) BURR

George Clinton was chosen over him as Thomas Jefferson's running mate in 1804. He engaged in a duel with Alexander Hamilton, the latter's death sparking a famous trial. Who was the third U.S. Vice President?

(AARON) BURR

This politican saw the highlight of his career when he presided over the impeachment trial of Samuel Chase. In 1807, he was charged with treason, though he was later acquitted. Identify this politician who served as Vice President under Thomas Jeffers

(AARON) BURR

His selection as vice president helped prompt the passage of the Twelfth Amendment, requiring separate ballots for president and vice president. He was nominated for governor of New York in 1804, but a political rival kept him from being elected. Name this man who fled west, and plotted an invasion of Mexico, after killing rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel.

(AARON) BURR (JR.)

. This 1811 battle between American forces and Shawnee Indians led by Tecumseh's brother took place at the Indian capital on the river that gives the battle its name. The American forces were led by Major General William Henry Harrison. What was this battle, which became part of Harrison's campaign slogan when he ran for president along with John Tyler as his running mate?

(BATTLE OF) TIPPECANOE

This 1811 battle between American forces and Shawnee Indians led by Tecumseh's brother took place at the Indian capital on the river that gives the battle its name. The American forces were led by Major General William Henry Harrison. What was this battle, which became part of Harrison's campaign slogan when he ran for president along with John Tyler as his running mate?

(BATTLE OF) TIPPECANOE

This economist was the chair of the economics department at Princeton until 2002. He then left to sit on the Board of Governors Federal Reserve, a body he was later appointed to head by George W. Bush. Give the fourteenth and, as of July 1, 2012, curr

(BEN) BERNANKE [buhr-NANG-kee]

This general felt unappreciated after his victories at Ticonderoga and Saratoga. He then conspired with Major John Andre to sell West Point to the British and cripple the colonial effort. Give this commander whose name is now synonymous with treason.

(BENEDICT) ARNOLD

This general received credit for neither the capture of Fort Ticonderoga tie-kahn-der-OH-guh] nor the victory at Saratoga, though he was a hero at both. Feeling betrayed, he offered to sell West Point to the British, but his cover was blown by Major J

(BENEDICT) ARNOLD

This son of a former political martyr and national president won the presidency himself in 2010. He was responsible for pushing through reproduc

(BENIGNO "NOYNOY") AQUINO (III) (ACCEPT: PNOY AQUINO)

As a teenager, he secretly wrote the Silence Dogood letters for the Pennsylvania Gazette, often lampooning popular culture. He later went on to write such works as The Way to Wealth and Poor Richard's Almanack

(BENJAMIN) FRANKLIN

In 1754, he was appointed to a royal office, that of deputy postmaster for all the northern colonies. At age twelve, he was apprenticed to his brother as a printer, and during that time he read tirelessly, and taught himself to write as well. Name this "Founding Father" who was a publisher, a diplomat, and a member of the Second Continental Congress.

(BENJAMIN) FRANKLIN

This printer helped draft the Declaration of Independence and was one of its signers. He traveled to France in October 1776 to represent U.S. interests during the Revolutionary War. Name this "Founding Father," who was also a publisher, author, inventor and scientist who contributed to the science of electricity?

(BENJAMIN) FRANKLIN

At the 2012 Democratic convention, this man said "'We're all in this together' is a better philosophy than 'you're on your own.'" Barack Obama appointed this man's wife, a former Senator from New York, as Secretary of State. Who was president from 199

(BILL) CLINTON (Accept: (WILLIAM JEFFERSON) CLINTON)

Philanthropist, businessman, and software genius are words used to describe this man. Identify this husband of Melinda, the founder of Microsoft.

(BILL) GATES

Philanthropist, businessman, and software genius are words used to describe this man. Identify this husband of Melinda, the founder of Microsoft.

(BILL) GATES (ACCEPT: WILLIAM HENRY GATES III)

his American folk artist was born Robert Allen Zimmerman, and many of his songs became anthems of the anti-war and civil rights movements. Identify this writer and singer of "Blowin' in the Wind" and "The Times They Are a-Changin".

(BOB) DYLAN

One song by this man proclaims, "You better start swimmin' or you'll sink like a stone, for the times they are a-changin'." His album Highway 61 Revisited opens with his song "Like a Rolling Stone." What American songwriter composed "Blowin' in the Wi

(BOB) DYLAN (Accept: (ROBERT) ZIMMERMAN)

This choreographer is considered one of the bad boys of dance. His use of turned in knees and sideways shuffling characterized his style. Who is this choreographer of Damn Yankees and All That Jazz?

(BOB) FOSSE

He won a Best Director Tony Award for his work on the musical Pippin. He also won the Tony for Best Choreography for Pippin, one of his eight wins in that category. Name this man who also choreographed The Pajama Game, Damn Yankees and All That Jazz.

(BOB) FOSSE (Accept: (ROBERT LOUIS) FOSSE)

Don't Worry, Be Happy is a classic reggae style song by this artist. Identify this artist from Jamaica, the home of reggae.

(BOB) MARLEY

This musician, who died in 1981, was an accomplished recording artist and professional drummer for The Wailers. Identify this Jamaican, who helped spread the Rastafarian movement with songs such as "No Woman, No Cry" and "I Shot the Sheriff."

(BOB) MARLEY

He was stationed at a military base near Bagdad, and was arrested after a famous hacker turned over chat logs. Identify the Army private sentenced in August 2013 to 35 years in prison on espionage-related charges for providing information to WikiLeaks.

(BRADLEY) MANNING (Accept: CHELSEA MANNING)

This musician has overcome Type I diabetes and works to raise funds to support research. Before the finale of Celebrity Apprentice 3, he was hospitalized with a massive brain hemorrhage. Identify this man, who won close to $400,000 for the American D

(BRET) MICHAELS

This man was the first governor of the Utah territory. He was instrumental in establishing a telegraph line and organized railroads from Nebraska to California and then from Idaho to Arizona. Who established Salt Lake City after succeeding Joseph Smith as head of the Mormon Church?

(BRIGHAM) YOUNG

This religious leader's homes include the Beehive and Lion Houses. He headed his religion for thirty years, from 1847 to 1877. Name this successor to Joseph Smith, who led the Mormons to Salt Lake City.

(BRIGHAM) YOUNG

This place was named Cape of Storms by Bartolomeu Dias [bahr-too-loo-MEH-oo DEE-ash], after he became the first known European to sail past it. One account says that King John of Portugal renamed it because he thought it was a good omen. Name this promontory on the coast of South Africa.

(CAPE OF) GOOD HOPE

Both Gothic and Art Nouveau forms were incorporated into the design of this church in Barcelona, Spain. The architect spent his last years working on it, and when he died in 1926, less than a quarter of it had been completed. Name this church designed by Antoni Gaudi [GOW (as in "how") dee] that is still under construction today.

(CHURCH OF THE) SAGRADA FAMILIA suh-GRAH-duh fuh-MEEL-yuh] (Accept: (CHURCH OF THE) HOLY FAMILY)

Gaudi supervised all details of the construction of this edifice. He moved into the church's crypt while this church was being constructed, even executing some of the carvings himself. What is this Spanish church begun in 1884 by Gaudi?

(CHURCH OF) LA SAGRADA FAMILIA

This composer included the movements "Dialogue of Wind and Waves" and "Play of the Waves" in his orchestral suite La Mer [MARE]. He composed two books of Preludes, which include "The Engulfed Cathedral" and "The Girl With the Flaxen Hair." What French

(CLAUDE(-ACHILLE)) DEBUSSY [deb-yoo-SEE]

An art movement was named after this Frenchman's painting of a sunrise. Born in Paris, what Impressionist painter painted portraits of Parliament as well as a series of portraits of women?

(CLAUDE) MONET

Although he wasn't the first geographer, his treatise on cartography [kahr-TOG-ruh-fee] compiled all that was known about geography in the Roman Empire of his day. Name this Egyptian geographer of Greek descent, who also gave his name to a geocentric view of the solar system.

(CLAUDIUS) PTOLEMY [TOL-uh-mee] (Accept: (CLAUDIUS) PTOLEMAEUS)

One of these Joseph Haydn [HIGH-den] compositions contains a regular rhythmic structure, earning it the nickname of the "Clock." Another of these Haydn compositions ends with the musicians gradually leaving the stage, while yet another features loud,

(CLOCK or FAREWELL or SURPRISE) SYMPHONY (Accept word forms)

This American colony was the first to renounce allegiance to the British crown. Once governed by the Portsmouth Compact, it was founded by Roger Williams. Give this smallest of the Thirteen Colonies with its capital at Providence.

(COLONY OF) RHODE ISLAND (AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS) (Accept: PROVIDENCE (PLANTATIONS))

Born in England, this dancer's birth name was Margaret Hookham. By the time she was forty, she could have retired as the world's greatest ballerina. But what ballerina met Rudolf Nureyev [noo-RAY-ef] in 1962 and danced with him until she did retir

(DAME MARGOT) FONTEYN

Frederick Ashton choreographed specific roles for this ballerina in the Royal Ballet. She is better known as the female partner of Rudolf Nureyev. Who died in her adopted country - Panama - in 1991?

(DAME MARGOT) FONTEYNE

In 1954, this dancer became president of the Royal Academy for the art. Dancing opposite Rudolf Nureyev in a production of Swan Lake, she brought new recognition to ballet and dance in her country. Name this Dame, a famous British ballerina.

(DAME) (MARGOT) FONTEYN (DE ARIAS)

Sometimes a dance will pop onto the dance scene and is dubbed this. What are these "new" dances that are considered contemporary short-lived dance fads?

(DANCE) CRAZE

According to legend, Davy Crockett and he gave Babe the Blue Ox to Paul Bunyan. Name this man, credited with blazing a trail through the Cumberland Gap.

(DANIEL) BOONE

This statesman, along with Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, was a part of the Great Triumvirate. A defender of shipping interests, he represented New Hampshire in the House and Massachusetts in the Senate. Identify this Whig statesman who promoted nort

(DANIEL) WEBSTER

The band Oingo Boingo provided this composer with his start, as he was its chief songwriter. He later turned to film scores, and found success with his work on Beetlejuice and Edward Scissorhands. Name this composer associated with director Tim Burton

(DANNY) ELFMAN

This Union admiral was assigned the task of entering the Mississippi River and capturing New Orleans. He was successful by running past two forts at night and then destroying most of the Confederate ships. Name this admiral, who also led the forces to victory in Mobile Bay, uttering the famous "Damn the torpedos" quotation.

(DAVID GLASGOW) FARRAGUT

This naval officer sailed past batteries at the mouth of the Mississippi, and seized the city of New Orleans. In the Battle of Mobile Bay, he told his sailors to disregard torpedoes and proceed at full speed. Name the first admiral in the United State

(DAVID) FARRAGUT

In one tall tale, this man bought his constituents drinks by repeatedly using the same coonskin as payment. Other stories claim that he killed a bear at age three, used a bear carcass to unfreeze the sun, and married Sally Ann Thunder Ann Whirlwind after outdancing her. Identify this "king of the wild frontier," who was actually a U.S. Senator from Tennessee.

(DAVY) CROCKETT

Typically thought of as a frontiersman, this man also served two terms in the United States Congress. Capturing the popular imagination, this woodsman left office after a split with President Jackson and later went west to join the defenders of the A

(DAVY) CROCKETT

A ballet dancer keeps the heels on the floor when performing the half, or "demi," version of this movement. The heels lift off the floor and the dancer nears the floor in the "grand" [GRAHN(d)] type of it.

(DEMO or GRAND) PLIÉ [plee-AY]

This 50s television star brought Latin music into America's homes. With his la conga music and his characteristic "Bob-a-Looo", he added a distinctly Latin twist to the comedy. Identify this Cuban musician who played Ricky Ricardo on "I Love Lucy".

(DESI) ARNAZ

This twentieth-century artist inspired Carmen Bernier-Grand's picture book, Bigger Than Life. He married Frida Kahlo in 1929, and was sometimes associated with the Mexican Communist Party. Name this Mexican painter, best known for his colorful murals

(DIEGO) RIVERA

Although he worked during the Baroque period, his work served as a forerunner of Impressionism, and particularly influenced Manet [ma-NAY]. He painted many of his best known works while he was the court artist for King Philip the Fourth. Identify this seventeenth-century Spanish artist.

(DIEGO) VELÁZQUEZ [vuh-LAHS-kehs]

This prolific composer came to prominence through the patronage of the Esterhazy [ES-ter-hah-zee] family of Hungary, and worked with them for almost 30 years. In his Farewell Symphony, the musicians leave the stage one by one, until only two violins are left playing. Which Classical Austrian composer helped establish the forms and styles for both the string quartet and the symphony?

(FRANZ JOSEPH) HAYDN [HIDE-un]

This composer transcribed Beethoven's symphonies for solo piano, as well as numerous excerpts from contemporary operas. The subject of a namesake 19th-century "mania," his technical brilliance on piano is demonstrated in his Transcendental Etudes. Wha

(FRANZ) LISZT [LIST]

This Austrian composer, who died at the age of 31, is regarded as a leader of the Romantic period. Known for his lieder, or songs, which composer wrote nine symphonies but didn't achieve fame until after his death?

(FRANZ) SCHUBERT

This 20th century American actor and dancer starred in numerous musicals such as Shall We Dance?, Top Hat, The Band Wagon, and Over the Top. Identify this man who co-starred with such leading ladies as Judy Garland, Rita Hayworth, and Ginger Rogers, a

(FRED) ASTAIRE

. This dancer began in vaudeville at age five, and was successful there and on Broadway dancing with his sister, Adele. After his sister retired, the young dancer left for Hollywood, where he was hired by RKO Studios. Who teamed with Ginger Rogers in m

(FRED) ASTAIRE (Accept: (FREDERICK) AUSTERLITZ)

With thirty years of composing, this musician only gave 30 public performances. Who was this brilliant pianist who cultivated a relationship with the writer, George Sand?

(FREDERIC) CHOPIN

All of the works by this Polish composer and virtuoso pianist involve the piano, either alone or accompanied. He is considered a grand master of piano impromptus, short pieces that give the sense of improvisation. Identify this composer of "Fantasie-I

(FREDERIC) CHOPIN (SHOW-pan)

This composer was romantically involved with the French writer George Sand. He drew on the folk music traditions of his native land in his numerous mazurkas [mah-ZER-kuz] and polonaises [pohl-uh-NAYZ-iz]. Identify this composer of the "Revolutionary"

(FREDERIC) CHOPIN [show-PAN]

This abolitionist delivered a July 4, 1852 speech to Rochester, New York, on "The Hypocrisy of American Slavery." According to his autobiography, his master's wife taught him to read, and he later served as a ship caulker in Baltimore. Identify this f

(FREDERICK) DOUGLASS

This former slave was invited to speak to an anti-slavery conference in Nantucket, Massachusetts, in 1841. He later established his own anti-slavery newspaper, North Star. Name this man who would call for former slaves to be enlisted in the Union Army, and who late in life was named U.S. minister to Haiti.

(FREDERICK) DOUGLASS (Accept: (FREDERICK) BAILEY)

One famous "call" made using this musical instrument is named for Siegfried. A player may "stop" this instrument's sound by placing their hand inside the bell. Name this member of the brass family, whose bell traditionally faces away from the audience

(FRENCH) HORN (Accept: HORN (IN F) or (F) HORN)

This career soldier proved to be very useful to General George Washington at Valley Forge. Congress appointed him to train the Continental forces during that winter. Name this Prussian officer, who turned those troops into a well-disciplined and efficient fighting force.

(FRIEDRICH WILHELM) VON STEUBEN

This politician led delegates at the 2012 Democratic Convention in the Pledge of Allegiance. The wife of an astronaut, she resigned from the US House in early 2012 in order to concentrate on recovering from a January 2011 event. Name this Congresswoma

(GABRIELLE DEE or GABBY) GIFFORDS

This former NBA star set up a namesake foundation to give kids in Oakland, California, a place to go after school and to help combat the dropout rate there. What former Seattle Supersonics star has a yearly tradition of taking kids on shopping sprees

(GARY) PAYTON

This 19th century American artist depicted America's westward expansion in his works. Identify this artist whose works include Fur Traders Descending the Missouri, Raftsmen Playing Cards, and Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers Through the Cumberland Gap.

(GEORGE CALEB) BINGHAM

In Beethoven's praise of this composer, he said that he would "Bare my head and kneel at his grave." Perhaps Beethoven was praising such works as this composer's Water Music. Who was this Baroque composer of Messiah?

(GEORGE FRIDERIC) HANDEL

This dancer's composer father encouraged him to begin playing the piano at age five. . Identify this choreographer who collaborated with Stravinsky to create such ballet masterpieces as The Firebird.

(GEORGE) BALANCHINE

As a middle schooler, this Kentucky icon developed Bell's palsy, which earned him the nickname "Frankenstein." However, he no longer resembles the Frankenstein of those early years, as he is considered one of Hollywood's biggest heartthrobs. What ac

(GEORGE) CLOONEY

Many of this composer's songs were composed to his brother Ira's lyrics. His instrumental works blended jazz and classical idioms, and include his Concerto [kun-CHER-toe] in F for piano and orchestra. Name this composer who also wrote the orchestral w

(GEORGE) GERSHWIN

Patriotic songs and Tin Pan Alley are terms that can be applied to this American composer. Who is this composer of Porgy and Bess and Summertime?

(GEORGE) GERSHWIN

This statesman served as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army before entering public service. In office, he supported Federalist causes, but warned America about political parties in his Farewell Address. Who led the nation from 1789 to 1797, ma

(GEORGE) WASHINGTON

The foreground of this artist's most famous painting features a woman in a purple hoop skirt with an umbrella. Stephen Sondheim [SOND-hime] wrote a musical about this artist titled Sunday in the Park with him. Name this man who painted the pointillist

(GEORGES) SEURAT [ZHORZH suh-RAH]

This French, post-impressionist painter followed the pointillist school. Who painted Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte [zhaht] and the Bathers at Asnières [ahn-YEHR]?

(GEORGES) SEURAT [sir-AH]

This Spanish explorer participated in the conquests of Central America and Peru, and was the first European to make contact with the Incan emperor. He led an expedition that landed on the coast of Florida, and explored the interior of what is now the southeastern United States. Name this explorer, who led the expedition that first sighted the Mississippi River where he was later buried.

(HERNANDO OR FERNANDO) DE SOTO

In 1532, he assisted Francisco Pizarro [pee-SAHR-ow] in conquering Peru's Incan population. Which Spanish explorer is credited with discovering the Mississippi River?

(HERNANDO) DE SOTO

She ran against the man for whom she would eventually serve as Secretary of State. Who is this former First Lady who served as Secretary of State under President Obama?

(HILLARY RODHAM) CLINTON

his man designed the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar [kuh-TAHR]. He currently designs structures with glass pyramids as seen in the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. What Chinese-American is responsible for the glass pyramid outside the Louvre

(I.M.) PEI

Late in his career, this composer partnered with George Balanchine on the ballet Agon [AY-gahn]. His early work included three major ballets that portrayed folk legends and rituals. Name this composer of Petrushka and The Rite of Spring.

(IGOR) STRAVINSKY

One song by this composer advises that "if you're blue and you don't know where to go to / why don't you go where fashion sits." Besides "Puttin' on the Ritz," this composer wrote the music for the Broadway show Annie Get Your Gun. Name this American

(IRVING) BERLIN

This composer was instrumental in the evolution of popular music from ragtime and jazz bands through the golden age of musicals. His fame as a songwriter began with songs like "Alexander's Ragtime Band" and "God Bless America." Which Russian-born American composer also wrote "Puttin' on the Ritz" and "White Christmas"?

(IRVING) BERLIN (Accept: (ISRAEL) BALINE)

At the age of sixty-two, he led Kentucky troops at the Battle of the Thames in 1813, defeating the British and their Native American allies. Identify this war hero who twice served as governor of Kentucky, and was the state's first governor.

(ISAAC) SHELBY

This dancer was forced out of America due to fear that she was a Communist spy, since she had married a Russian author during her first tour abroad. This dancer's work represented the transition from classicism to expressionism. Name this early 20th ce

(ISADORA or ANGELA) DUNCAN

Inspirational and flamboyant, original and imposing are adjectives that have been used to describe this famous dancer. Identify this choreographer whose death was as bizarre as her dancing.

(ISADORA) DUNCAN

This Baroque musician was a member of a musical family. Identify this composer, one of the "three B's" in musical history.

(J.S.) BACH (ACCEPT: JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH)

0. Ed Harris played this artist in the 2000 Oscar-winning movie about the life and career of this American painter. This abstract expressionist said that his painting has "a life of its own". What painter was known as "Jack the Dripper" because of his

(JACKSON) POLLOCK

This expressionist artist's unconventional methods make restoration of his artworks difficult. Although he preferred working on the floor, he would fling paint at the nearly completed work while it hung on the wall. Who is this artist, sometimes calle

(JACKSON) POLLOCK

This region of Kentucky is bounded on the north by the Ohio River, and on the west by the Mississippi River. It includes a small area of the state separated from the rest of the state by a bend in the Mississippi River. Name this region that takes its name from the action of a treaty with the Chickasaw Indians in 1818.

(JACKSON) PURCHASE

This former English army officer presided over a parliamentary committee on prison reform. This gave him the idea of founding a new colony where the poor and destitute could start a new life. Name this philanthropist [fi-LAN-thruh-pist], who secured a charter and established the colony of Georgia.

(JAMES EDWARD) OGLETHORPE [OH-guhl-thawrp]

In 1779, Hawaiian natives killed this explorer over the theft of a small boat. Name this captain of the Endeavour, who claimed New Zealand and the eastern coast of Australia for Britain.

(JAMES) COOK

He has scored over a hundred films, and his work is noted for its integration of vocal and electronic elements, and the use of Celtic melodies and themes. Over the course of his career, he has worked on many major films, including Field of Dreams, Avatar, and The Amazing Spider-Man. What American composer's music for the film Titanic earned him two Oscars?

(JAMES) HORNER

He was U.S. secretary of state when the Louisiana Territory was purchased from France. As a member of the House of Representatives, he sponsored the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. Name this fourth president of the United States, who was president during the War of 1812.

(JAMES) MADISON

This statesman, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, authored the Federalist Papers. During his tenure in office, the British burned the White House, and his wife Dolley saved a portrait of George Washington. Who served as the fourth President

(JAMES) MADISON

As a special minister to France, he helped Robert Livingston negotiate the Louisiana Purchase. He was appointed secretary of war by President Madison in 1814, then defeated Rufus King in the 1816 presidential election. Name this man whose name is attached to a fundamental doctrine in foreign affairs.

(JAMES) MONROE

This president's administration has been called the "Era of Good Feelings." He was also one of the ministers to France who negotiated the Louisiana Purchase. Name this president, who issued a warning to European nations to not intervene in the Western Hemisphere that became a doctrine that bears his name.

(JAMES) MONROE

This statesman served during the Era of Good Feelings and the Missouri Compromise. His namesake foreign policy stated that the United States would tolerate no foreign intervention in the Americas. Give this fifth President, the last to be a Founding F

(JAMES) MONROE

An often-told story says that upon this man's death in 1835, the Liberty Bell rang out and developed its huge crack. He was appointed by President John Adams as secretary of state, then as chief justice of the Supreme Court in January 1801 before Thomas Jefferson became president. Name this chief justice who served for more than 34 years, and established the right of the court to declare laws unconstitutional.

(JOHN) MARSHALL

He served under George Washington at Valley Forge, briefly represented Virginia in Congress, and was named secretary of state by John Adams. When John Jay refused reappointment after the resignation of Oliver Ellsworth, Adams nominated this man for the Supreme Court. Name the chief justice of the United States Supreme Court whose tenure spanned thirty-four years.

(JOHN) MARSHALL

This character is married to Elizabeth, but has an affair with Abigail Williams. He goes to the gallows after confessing his adultery, but refuses to sign a false confession of witchcraft. Who is this protagonist of Arthur Miller's The Crucible?

(JOHN) PROCTOR

As leader of a New World colony, this man declared that "he that will not work shall not eat." According to legend, the life of this head of Virginia Colony was spared by Pocahontas. Name this colonial governor who saved Jamestown from starvation.

(JOHN) SMITH

This preacher and theologian worked with his brother, Charles, in the British Isles to spread Methodism. Who was this primary founder of the Methodist Church?

(JOHN) WESLEY

His most recent movie score was the 2012 movie, Lincoln. Who is this American composer of all but two of Steven Spielberg's films, and several Star Wars movies?

(JOHN) WILLIAMS

In 2008, this composer's Air and Simple Gifts was performed during the inauguration of Barack Obama. In 1996, he was commissioned to write a piece celebrating the Atlanta Olympics, and wrote Summon the Heroes in response. Name this composer who is bes

(JOHN) WILLIAMS

This modern composer has written music for all but one of Steven Spielberg's films. What five-time Oscar winner composed the scores for Jurassic Park and the Indiana Jones Trilogy?

(JOHN) WILLIAMS

This 12-time major league all-star is widely regarded as one of the best catchers ever to play baseball. When he played for the Cincinnati Reds, the team was called the Big Red Machine. Identify this man, whose last name is a synonym for something one

(JOHNNY) BENCH

. Before participating in the Great Awakening, this Puritan minister published essays on insects, the rainbow, and natural philosophy. In his most famous sermon, he compares the congregation to spiders dangling over a fire. Name the writer of "Sinners i

(JONATHAN) EDWARDS

This composer, one of the most prolific of the Classical era, is known for his surprising symphonic movements. Identify this composer of the Surprise Symphony Number 94.

(JOSEPH) HAYDN

This Renaissance composer is regarded as one of the first composers to use polyphony [puh-LIFF-uh-nee]. What Flemish composer wrote numerous masses throughout his life in Rome and Milan?

(JOSQUIN) DES PREZ [zhaws-KAN day PRAY]

This Spanish explorer was the first Governor of Puerto Rico. Who is this conquistador who founded St. Augustine on the first European expedition to Florida?

(JUAN) PONCE DE LEON

He founded the oldest settlement in Puerto Rico, serving as governor there. He went searching for the island of Bimini [BIM-uh-nee] in the Bahamas, but found a land he named after the Spanish phrase for Easter. Name this Spanish explorer who landed in and named Florida, supposedly while searching for the fountain of youth.

(JUAN) PONCE DE LEÓN [PONS duh LEE-uhn]

This Spaniard both explored and settled in Puerto Rico. Tradition holds that Indians told him of an island in the Bahamas on which there was a miraculous spring of rejuvenating water. Name this Spaniard, who kept looking for the Fountain of Youth in Florida on the 1565 expedition that also founded the city of St. Augustine.

(JUAN) PONCE DE LEÓN [hwahn PON-say day lay-OHN]

Forms of this Roman's family name as a title signifying a ruler can be found in the words Kaiser [KAHY-zer] and Tsar [zahr]. A form of his first name has survived in our calendar. Name this dictator, who was killed on the Ides of March.

(JULIUS) CAESAR

This philosopher frequently collaborated with Friedrich Engels [FREED-rik EEN-gehls]. Together, they authored Das Kapital [DAHS KAHP-ee-tahl] and the Communist Manifesto. Give this German philosopher who formulated Socialism and Communism.

(KARL) MARX

This king helped to standardize ballet as an art. He was an accomplished dancer and performed in many ballets himself. Identify this French king, known as the Sun King.

(KING) LOUIS XIV

The satyr, Silenius, was captured by a group of peasants and brought before this king. Dionysus was so pleased when this king released his friend, Silenius, that he granted this king a wish. Identify this King with a golden wish.

(KING) MIDAS

This king of ancient Egypt is chiefly known for his tomb in the Valley of the Kings. The tomb was discovered in 1922 by English archaeologist Howard Carter. Name this king, who died before his 20th birthday, and whose tomb's artifacts included a golden portrait mask.

(KING) TUTANKHAMEN [toot-ahng-KAH-muhn] (Accept: KING TUT)

This body of water abuts the city of Chicago. It is the 'M' in the mnemonic [nuh-MON-ik] 'HOMES,' and shares its name with a state it borders. Give the only Great Lake entirely within the United States.

(LAKE) MICHIGAN

Full name answer required. A YALSA Nonfiction finalist describes this organization, which arose when six friends decided to dress as the ghosts of Confederate soldiers. Members terrorized white Republicans who pushed for racial equality, as well as freed blacks throughout the South. What terrorist organization is the subject of a 2010 Susan Campbell Bartoletti book?

(THE) KU KLUX KLAN (not: KLU KLUX KLAN)

This fresco has sparked controversy as to who the figure seated to the left of the focal point is. What painting is located in the Santa Maria delle Grazie [DEL-lay GRAHT-see-ay] in Milan, Italy, and features Jesus with the disciples?

(THE) LAST SUPPER

In this musical, the adult replacement of the child protagonist swings onto stage at the end of Act One. Earlier, an avian character sings about the joys of giving his "Morning Report," and exclaims "This wasn't in the movie!" right before the song "J

(THE) LION KING

Housing more than 35,000 pieces of art, this structure is one of the largest museums in the world. Philippe-Auguste built the structure in the late 12th century as a fortress against Anglo-Norman invaders. What is this famous Parisian landmark that

(THE) LOUVRE

This opera begins with three women rescuing the handsome prince Tamino from a beastly serpent. Other characters in this opera include Pamina and the Queen of the Night. The title of what opera by Mozart evokes a mystical woodwind instrument?

(THE) MAGIC FLUTE (Accept: (DIE) ZAUBERFLÖTE)

Even though this musical consists of only one act, it stands in spot 33 for length of its run on Broadway. What is this musical that starred the famous magician, Doug Henning, as Doug on opening night?

(THE) MAGIC SHOW

A painting known as La Gioconda depicts an enigmatic-looking Italian noblewoman. What is the more common name for this Renaissance painting of Leonardo Da Vinci.

(THE) MONA LISA

In 1911, this painting was stolen by an Italian who supposedly wanted to return the painting to its native country, rather than see it hang in the Louvre [LOO-vruh]. Modern scholarship indicates its subject was Lisa Giocondo [juh-KON-doh]. Name this po

(THE) MONA LISA (Accept: LA GIOCONDA [juh-KON-duh])

This show has the longest initial run of any play in history at twenty four thousand, five hundred performances. It features Miss Casewell, Mollie Ralston, and Sergeant Trotter, who is revealed in a twist ending to be the murderer. Name this murder my

(THE) MOUSETRAP

Meredith Wilson based this musical on a book by Franklin Lacey. It features a con man, Harold Hill, who tries to sell musical instruments to the citizens of River City, Iowa. Identify this musical with "Seventy-Six Trombones".

(THE) MUSIC MAN

Nearly half of this small flat country is below sea level. It has one of the world's busiest ports at Rotterdam. Name this European country, whose seat of government is in The Hague [HAYG], but whose capital is Amsterdam.

(THE) NETHERLANDS

Offsetting the large drum in the lower right corner of this painting is a large blue and gold flag in the upper left corner. The artist painted the captain and the lieutenant in the center of the large 13 feet by 16 feet oil on canvas. What is the c

(THE) NIGHT WATCH

This piece of music features the celesta during the "dance" of one of the main characters. What ballet by Tchaikovsky [ch'eye-KOFF-skee] premiered in 1892 and contains the "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy"?

(THE) NUTCRACKER

It was an ancient model for much of Greek and Roman architecture, and today a recreation of this building of the Athenian acropolis stands in Nashville, Tennessee. Name this ancient Greek temple dedicated to the goddess Athena.

(THE) PARTHENON

This war's history was the subject of Thucydides' most famous work. Identify this war lasting from 431 to 404 BC, which pitted Athens against Sparta.

(THE) PELOPONNESIAN WAR

This Broadway character reportedly built a "maze of mirrors" for a Middle Eastern ruler, and first appears to the leading lady in her dressing room mirror. He competes for her love with Raul, and attempts to woo Christine, his "Angel of Music," with s

(THE) PHANTOM (OF THE OPERA)

In this musical, Raoul seeks the affection of Christine, but so does her music teacher. Gerard Butler starred as the title character in the filmversion of what musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber about the haunting of the Paris Opera

(THE) PHANTOM OF THE OPERA

This musical and operetta is based on a novel by Gaston Leroux and includes music by Andrew Lloyd Webber. It includes the characters of Madame Giry, Carlotta Guidicelli, and Christine Daae. Identify this drama in which a beautiful singer becomes the

(THE) PHANTOM OF THE OPERA

This nation, that sits on an archipelago [ahr-kuh-PEL-uh-goh] of more than 7,000 islands, was claimed by Magellan and named for the Spanish king. The United States controlled it from 1898 until the Japanese occupation in World War II, and after the war, the U.S. granted it independence on the Fourth of July, 1946. Identify this Asian nation, whose capital is Manila.

(THE) PHILIPPINES

This play was presented by the American Company in Philadelphia. It was the first American play to be presented by a professional acting company. Identify this play that reflects the influence of Shakespeare on its author Thomas Godfrey.

(THE) PRINCE OF PARTHIA

The first of these three wars was fought over the islands of Corsica and Sicily. In the second war, Hannibal crossed the Alps to attack Italy. Name these wars, the third of which saw the destruction of Carthage [KAHR-thij].

(THE) PUNIC (WARS) (Accept: (THE) CARTHAGINIAN [kahr-thuh-JIN-ee-uhn] (WARS))

The first of these conflicts established control of Corsica and Sicily, while the second saw Hannibal cross the Alps using elephants. What was this series of wars between Rome and Carthage?

(THE) PUNIC WARS

This statesman led the Anti-Federalists and later the Democratic-Republicans. The Barbary War and the Louisiana Purchase both occurred under his administration. Who served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809?

(THOMAS) JEFFERSON

This question requires a full-name answer. This series of four operas is almost never performed as one work, since it would last over 20 hours. It is inspired by a German epic poem and includes Siegfried and Götterdämmerung [got-er-DAM-uh-roong], or the Twilight of the Gods. Identify this work by Richard Wagner [VAHG-ner] that is sometimes called the Ring cycle.

(THE) RING OF THE NIBELUNG [NEE-beh-lung] (Accept: (DER) RING DES NIBELUNGEN [NEE-beh-LUN-gen]

Vaslav Nijinsky choreographed this Stravinsky ballet with dance moves that were viewed as obscene by some. What is this ballet that caused a riot in Paris when it was performed in 1913?

(THE) RITE OF SPRING

This ballet, which is famous for its barbaric rhythms and dissonance, is divided into two parts: Adoration of the Earth and The Sacrifice. It was commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev [sur-GAY dee-AH-guh-lev] after the success of the composer's earlier work, The Firebird. Identify this ballet composed by Igor Stravinsky [EE-gawr struh-VIN-skee].

(THE) RITE OF SPRING (Accept: (LE) SACRE DU PRINTEMPS [luh SAH-kruh dyoo prahn-TAHN])

Originally named Knowledge of Causes, this Raphael fresco shows the sages of the world arguing among themselves. What work, commissioned by Pope Julius II, shows Plato and Aristotle walking through the Lyceum [lye-SEE-um]?

(THE) SCHOOL OF ATHENS

This tempera and pastel work is famous for its emotional feel. Sometimes classified as an anxiety painting, it is easy to hear as well as see the feelings expressed by the lone figure in the foreground. What work by Edvard Munch is the epitome of ex

(THE) SCREAM

Although the family fled to Italy, this musical has them fleeing to Switzerland to escape the Nazis. Created by Rodgers and Hammerstein, the musical features songs like "My Favorite Things" and "Climb Ev'ry Mountain" as well as the title song. What musical follows the story of a young nun and her interactions with Captain Von Trapp and his seven children?

(THE) SOUND OF MUSIC

One of this painting's namesake features is portrayed as the Bat-signal in a popular humorous alteration of it. The painting of the French village Saint-Rémy [sahn RAY-mee] shows the town dominated by the swirls of blue and gold above it. What masterpi

(THE) STARRY NIGHT

This Shakespearean play was used for the plot of the ABC Family series Ten Things I Hate About You. Identify this comedic play, in which Baptista marries off his daughter, Katharina, to Petruchio.

(THE) TAMING OF THE SHREW

Many people read this play as its author's farewell to the theater, just like Prospero bids farewell to his magic in his final speech. Name the Shakespearean romance that tells of Miranda's love for Ferdinand, a man she finds marooned on her father's

(THE) TEMPEST

This movie was directed by Cecil B. DeMille in 1956 and starred Charlton Heston as Moses. It was named for the Decalogue in the Bible that Moses brought down from the mountains to his people. Identify the moral rules set forth in the Bible and you wi

(THE) TEN COMMANDMENTS

This plan was an early step toward the reconstruction of the South during the Civil War. In it, President Lincoln proposed a way to establish new state governments in the Union-occupied Confederacy. What was this plan, which called for new state governments where one-tenth of the state's prewar voters took an oath of loyalty?

(THE) TEN PERCENT (PLAN)

This depiction of the Peninsular War was influenced by Rubens' Massacre of the Innocents, and in turn influenced Picasso's Guernica [gher-NEE-kah]. It depicts soldiers killing a group of resistance fighters who are highlighted by the soldiers' lantern. Identify this Goya painting that depicts the atrocities of the Napoleonic invasion of Spain.

(THE) THIRD OF MAY 1808 (Accept: (THE) EXECUTION OF THE DEFENDERS OF MADRID ON THE THIRD OF MAY, 1808)

These annual awards, which were first given in 1947 at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City, were named in honor of actress Antoinette Perry. Identify these awards that recognize achievement in live American theatre.

(THE) TONY (AWARDS) (ACCEPT: TONIES)

Inspired by rock and roll, this dance craze hit the sixties with a flurry of gyrations that many adults considered obscene. What is this dance made famous by Chubby Checker's eponymous song?

(THE) TWIST

Charlie Smalls wrote the lyrics and composed the music for this Broadway musical. This is an African-American adaptation of a famous children's book. What is this musical that starred Diana Ross and Michael Jackson when it opened on Broadway?

(THE) WIZ

This sporting event is the oldest of the four major men's championships in golf and is the only major held outside the United States. Identify this event that takes place every year on one of nine historic links courses in the United Kingdom.

(THE)BRITISH OPEN (ACCEPT: (THE) OPEN (CHAMPIONSHIP))

This statesman founded the Progressive Party of 1912. He served in the Spanish-American War, and coined the slogan, "Speak softly and carry a big stick." Name this twenty-sixth, and youngest, President.

(THEODORE) ROOSEVELT

He was a writer, naturalist and soldier, and won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize for mediating an end to the Russo-Japanese War. He also secured the route and was in the White House when construction of the Panama Canal began. Name this president, who had become a national hero by leading the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War.

(THEODORE) ROOSEVELT (Accept: TEDDY ROOSEVELT)

This commander excelled at Antietam, Fredericksburg, and the Valley Campaign. Identify this general named for the strength of his defense at the First Battle of Bull Run.

(THOMAS "STONEWALL") JACKSON

This painter based many of his works, such as The Ox-Bow, on scenes he saw and studied near his hometown. Often grouped with Asher Durand and Thomas Doughty, he was a leader in the movement to portray the natural beauty of the Adirondacks. Name this ar

(THOMAS) COLE

He was the founder and architect of the University of Virginia, and an early advocate of separation of church and state. He was also the nation's first secretary of state, and its second vice-president. Name the U.S. president, who was responsible for the Louisiana Purchase and wrote most of the Declaration of Independence.

(THOMAS) JEFFERSON

This Civil War general gained stature when his forces captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, and opened up western Tennessee to the Union forces. When Confederate General Simon Buckner asked for surrender terms at Fort Donelson, this Union general demanded "unconditional surrender." Name this general whose first and middle names were transformed to the nickname "Unconditional Surrender."

(ULYSSES S.) GRANT

This statesman's two terms saw the Star Route and Whiskey Ring scandals. After victories at Shiloh and Vicksburg, Lincoln made him commander of all Union armies. Identify the eighteenth president of the United States, serving from 1869 to 1877.

(ULYSSES S.) GRANT

This document originally contained twelve parts, but Congress only passed ten. Among others, it guarantees the rights of the accused and the freedoms of speech and religion. Give the collective name for the first ten Amendments to the Constitution.

(UNITED STATES) BILL OF RIGHTS

This document was adopted by convention on September 17, 1787, and went into effect on March 4, 1789, replacing the Articles of Confederation. It is composed of seven articles and twenty seven amendments, the first ten of which are the Bill of Rights.

(UNITED STATES) CONSTITUTION

This statement was drafted by Thomas Jefferson. It contains the phrases "all men are created equal" and "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." What was this document which proclaimed the United States as a new nation?

(UNITED STATES) DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

The Luciads were written about this man's journeys. He gave the Portuguese Empire a valuable monopoly on Oriental spice trade routes. Who was the first European explorer to sail directly to India?

(VASCO DE) GAMA

This Spanish conquistador [kon-KEE-stuh-dor] and explorer spent most of his time in the Caribbean Islands and the Isthmus of Panama. Following the advice of local Indians, he led an expedition across Panama in search of gold. Name this explorer, who is credited with being the first European to view the Pacific Ocean.

(VASCO NUÑEZ DE) BALBOA [BAHS-kaw NOO-nyeth duh bal-BOH-uh]

This navigator established the first permanent European settlement on the American mainland. He became involved in exploration after escaping his creditors as a stowaway on a ship headed for Panama. Name this explorer who was the first to see the Paci

(VASCO [VAS-koh] NUÑEZ [NOON-yez] DE) BALBOA [BAL-boh-uh]

This explorer found a way to access the Oriental spice trade via sea, bypassing the hostile Arabs. In 1498, by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope, he reached Calicut [KAL-ih-kut] in the name of Portugal. Who was the first European to reach India by

(VASCO [VAS-koh]) DA GAMA [GAH-mah]

This Portuguese navigator opened up the sea route from western Europe to the East, reaching India in 1498. By the time he returned to Portugal, two-thirds of his original crew had died, many of scurvy. Identify this explorer, who made additional voyages to India, and was made viceroy to India in 1524.

(VASCO) DA GAMA

This dancer's tombstone has a statue that shows him in one of his more familiar roles. What Russian-born ballet dancer was criticized for his controversial choreography for Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring?

(VASLAV) NIJINSKY

One subtype of this dance involves rapid turns, which were added to its basic step pattern of step, slide, step. The musical "king" of this dance for couples was Johann Strauss, Junior. Name this wildly popular ballroom dance whose styles include the "

(VIENNESE) WALTZ

This artist was dependent on his brother Theo for a good portion of his life. He depicted himself with orange beard and yellow hair dappled by colored dots in his Self-Portrait in Front of an Easel, though he is better known for portraying himself with

(VINCENT) VAN GOGH

This war was declared partially in response to the impressment of sailors. Events during this conflict included the burning of Washington, D.C. and the Battle of New Orleans. Name this war fought between the United States and the British Empire.

(WAR OF) 1812

This comedian joined Jack Black to sing the comedic song "Get Off the Stage" at the Academy Awards show in 2004. Who left Saturday Night Live and has starred in movies such as Blades of Glory and Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby?

(WILL) FERRELL

This humorist has been honored by having the Oklahoma City airport named after him. He worked in vaudeville before appearing in movies, with two films released after his death in a 1935 plane crash in Alaska. Name this humorist who never met a man he

(WILL) ROGERS

This President was the first to die in office, succumbing to pneumonia. An Indian war hero who took his nickname "Tippecanoe" from one of his battles, he was succeeded by John Tyler. Identify this Whig President who served for only thirty two days in

(WILLIAM HENRY) HARRISON

He helped shape the political institutions of the first New England colony as its governor for 30 years. He also left us a journal that provides valuable information about their sea voyage to America and the early history of the colony they established. Name this man, who was one of the framers of the historic Mayflower Compact.

(WILLIAM) BRADFORD

Drama was not always accepted readily by such clerics as this church leader. He preached against the evils of "the players". Who was this British cleric who warned Virginia colonists to keep the players out if they wanted their colony to succeed?

(WILLIAM) CRASHAW

He received his grant of land along the Delaware River from the king as a reward for his father's service to the crown. His colony prospered, and became a place of settlement for immigrating Germans, Irish, and Scotch-Irish in the early eighteenth century. Identify the Quaker who founded a colony with its capital at Philadelphia.

(WILLIAM) PENN

He was an English Quaker leader and advocate of religious freedom. He sought refuge in America for Quakers and other religious minorities. Name this man, who oversaw the founding of the colony of Pennsylvania.

(WILLIAM) PENN

This man received a large land grant from Charles II to repay a royal loan to his father. A strong pacifist, he settled conflicts with Native Americans by purchase, not war. Name this Quaker who founded the colony with capital at Philadelphia.

(WILLIAM) PENN

In Colonial America and later, this was popularly considered one of the basic protections of individual liberty. The U.S. Constitution guarantees that this privilege "shall not be suspended unless, when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it." What is this kind of writ, that may require authorities to either charge an arrested person or release him?

(WRIT OF) HABEAS CORPUS [HAY-be-us CORE-pus]

This architect's influences include the modernist styles of Le Corbusier [LAY cor-booze-YAY] and the Bauhaus. He contributed to the architecture of his hometown with his design for Hong Kong's Bank of China Tower. What Chinese-American architect's two

(YEOH MING or I.M.) PEI

33. Often used to desc

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First and last name required. He gained national attention as the chief counsel of a Senate committee investigating labor racketeering. What New York senator and brother of a slain president was himself assassinated in 1968 by Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan?

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He assumed the throne in 238 B.C., during the Warring States period. Identify the first emperor of China, famed for building large sections of the Great Wall and being buried with a large army of terra-cotta soldiers.

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His attempts to introduce Italian opera to England were unsuccessful, leading him to create a new type of choral work that used the English language. This composer's works in that style include Saul, Judas Maccabeus [mack-uh-BEE-us], and Esther. Ident (GEORGE FRIDERIC) HANDEL

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In Beethoven's praise of this composer, he said that he would "Bare my head and kneel at his grave." Perhaps Beethoven was praising such works as this composer's Water Music. Who was this Baroque composer of Messiah? (GEORGE FRIDERIC) HAND

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In this newest version of the Broadway play, the title character's siblings are forgiven for their actions. What is this modern fairy tale musical about a poor little girl who finds true love with the help of a fairy godmother? CINDERELLA

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One piece by this composer was written based on flaws and errant marks on the manuscript paper which he used. That technique was just one of the many aleatoric [ay-lee-uh-TORE-ick], or chance, processes used by this composer. Name this experimentalist (JOHN MILTON) CAGE (JR.)

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The catalyst for this amendment to the U.S. Constitution was the presidential election of 1800. Under the rules then in force, both Thomas Jefferson, the actual candidate for president, and the vice-presidential candidate Aaron Burr received the same number of electoral votes, forcing the House of Representatives to decide the winner. Identify, by number, this amendment, the second to be passed following the passage of the Bill of Rights. 12(TH AMENDMENT

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The economy of the United States generally leans towards this system. It features private ownership of the means of production and minimal government influence. Identify this economic system often contrasted with Communism

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This basketball player starred at Louisville's Eastern High School before transferring to Oak Hill Academy for his senior season. He received a full scholarship from the University of Kentucky but left for the NBA after one season. Who is the current

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This battle began when Francis Smith was sent with 700 troops to seize militia supplies. What were the first two battles of the American Revolution?

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This feature of the stage is used in opera, ballet and musicals. What do we call the location between the stage and the audience that is placed below the line of sight of the audience and usually contains the musical instruments?

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A Broadway production of this play by Reginald Rose began in 2004, although the movie starring Henry Fonda was made in 1957. In what play, which begins just after closing arguments in a murder case, does one jury member try to persuade the rest of the

12 ANGRY MEN

The more formal name for this work is Festival Overture in E Flat Major. Americans often mistakenly think that this piece was composed to commemorate Mr. Madison's War. What is this Tchaikovsky work that actually commemorates Russia's defense of Mos

1812 OVERTURE Accept: (THE YEAR 1812)

This ballet position requires that the feet be separated by the length of one foot. What position requires that the feet be pointed outward and that they also form a straight line?

2ND (POSITION)

In this sport, the field is up to 300 yards long, and a match consists of seven-minute chukkas. Identify this sport, which must be played right-handed and requires players to strike a ball with a mallet while riding a horse.

@POLO

This musical term has various spellings, according to musicologists. Regardless of its spelling, it was first used in Italian Catholic churches and literally means "in the style of the chapel." What term means to sing without musical accompaniment?

A CAPELLA

Literally translated, it means "in the church style." This refers to a time when church music was performed by unaccompanied choirs. Give this term which today refers to any vocal work that is performed without instrumental accompaniment.

A CAPPELLA

This Greek goddess was born from Chaos. Identify this goddess, who had offspring with several gods and is the personification of the Earth.

GAIA[GAY-uh]

This opera was written by Verdi and premiered in Cairo. What opera tells the story of a Nubian princess who is sold into slavery and seeks the love of an Egyptian military commander?

AÏDA [ah-EE-duh]

In Slavic mythology, this witch-woman can fly through the air in a mortar or cauldron, and her cottage walks around on huge chicken-feet. Give the name of the fearsome witch of Russian folklore, the first part of whose name means simply "old woman" or

BABA YAGA

Governor George Berkeley's home was burned during this conflict, which saw a "Declaration of the People of Virginia". One side in this conflict was spurred by anti-Native American sentiment and composed mostly of poor young men.

BACON'S (REBELLION)

. This racquet sport is played either as singles or doubles. In what sport are points scored when a player hits a shuttlecock over a net so that it lands in the opponent's half of the court?

BADMINTON

. Nearly every ethnic group with roots in Asia claims this pastry as its own. However, it is believed that the actual developers of this honey and nut pastry were the Assyrians. What is this pastry that today uses filo pastry, butter, walnuts, and sug

BAKLAVA

The main ingredients in this dish include phyllo [FEE-loh] dough, nuts, and a sweetener such as honey. What dish with origins unknown is a common dessert in Turkey and Greece?

BAKLAVA [bah-kluh-VAH]

A scale can be described by the term for this principle of design. It may be symmetrical or asymmetrical. What is this principle of design that represents visual equilibrium in a work of art?

BALANCE

This element of art can be radial in form. Coming in types that are also symmetrical or asymmetrical, what element also tells you whether the weight of a piece of art is distributed throughout?

BALANCE

This Spanish explorer established a settlement in present day Panama in 1510. Give this conquistador, the first European to see the Pacific from the New World.

BALBOA

The bush variety of this type of song or story comes out of Australia. What type of song tells a story of someone, such as "Barbara Allen" and Don McLean's "American Pie"?

BALLAD

Americans often called these songs "old love songs". The songs often tell of a lost love, or of murder and betrayal. What is this genre of music that includes "Pretty Polly" and "Barbara Allen"?

BALLAD(S)

This Italian term is used for the male equivalent of ballerina. What Italian dance term identifies the danseur [dahn-SYOOR], or male lead, in a ballet?

BALLERINO

This style of dance requires standardized dance movements. It also involves specialized leaps and lifts. What is this dance form that has its own specialized French terminology?

BALLET

Both the Vietnamese xylophone and the shakuhachi, a Japanese flute, are made of this. Also used in construction, crafts, and fishing poles, this woody grass can reach heights of 100 feet. Name this plant that is a staple in a panda's diet.

BAMBOO

This instrument is tuned in Open G. It is believed to have been first played by enslaved people in the colonies. What instrument has one string that is shorter than the others and can be played by picking it in the clawhammer style?

BANJO

This Shakespearean character appears as a ghost in front of Macbeth. Identify this character, whom Macbeth had killed because he saw him as a threat to the throne.

BANQUO

In Judaism, this term is the masculine form of a phrase meaning "one to whom the commandments apply." Give this two word term which also identifies the Jewish religious ceremony marking a thirteen year-old boy's entrance to adulthood.

BAR MITZVAH [MITS-vah]

This style of music is lively and tuneful. The melodious nature of this era of music was said to be designed to reflect "the perfect order of the universe". Handel and Bach epitomize which musical era?

BAROQUE

This musical era saw opera develop into a major genre [ZHAN-ruh]. Its composers, including Corelli [core-EL-ee] and Vivaldi, developed the concerto as a genre. Identify this musical period, which lasted roughly from 1600 to 1750.

BAROQUE (ERA or PERIOD)

The name for this period may come from a Portuguese word meaning misshapen pearl, a negative description of the heavily ornamented art and music of this era. Probably the best known composers from this period are Johann Sebastian Bach and Frederic Handel. What era of music lasted from about 1600 to 1750, and was followed by the Classical period?

BAROQUE (PERIOD OR ERA)

Craig's List and Freecycle are examples of web sites that offer this type of economic exchange. What is the economic term that means the exchange of goods and services for other goods or services?

BARTER

The line notes of this clef can easily be remembered by the phrase, "good boys do fine, always." What clef is located below middle C and has two dots that are located around the F?

BASS (CLEF)

In this musical's Act One finale, Nazi sympathizers reprise "Tomorrow Belongs to Me." As the show opens, the Emcee bids the audience "Willkommen" [VIL-kahm-in] to the title establishment. In which musical does Sally Bowles entertain at the Kit Kat Klu

CABARET

Beginning around 1100 AD, these beans were mixed with chili pepper and vanilla to make beverages, but they weren't introduced in Europe until the mid-1500s, when they were mixed with vanilla and sugar for a sweeter drink. What are these beans from whic

CACAO (BEANS) (Accept: COCOA (BEANS)

This term is defined as two chords at the end of a piece of music. What term is labeled as weak or strong, depending on how much resolution is given?

CADENCE

n this portion of a concerto, the orchestra stops playing so that the soloist can play alone without any particular constraints. The term also refers to the vocal flourish improvised by a performer to elaborate a phrase in an aria. What musical ter

CADENZA

This symbol for medicine is mistakenly identified with the Asclepius. It is actually staff of Hermes, messenger of the gods. What is this staff entwined with two snakes topped with a pair of wings?

CADUCEUS

At its peak about 1200 CE, this North American city was one of the largest in the world. Give this historic site located in Illinois, directly across the river from St. Louis, Missouri

CAHOKIA

In music, this letter with a vertical slash through it can be used as shorthand for a time signature of 2/2 [two-two]. Without that vertical slash, this letter is shorthand for 4/4 [four-four] time. What letter also designates the "middle" note on a p

C

This music became popular between ten and twenty years after it first appeared on the music scene. What is this R & B genre for which The Monotones became one of the most famous groups?

DOO-WOP

This religious building of the Far East was erected as a memorial or shrine. What is this Buddhist temple that has several levels with a decorated roof at each level?

PAGODA

Michelangelo designed one of these structures for St. Peter's Basilica, basing his design for it on one of these that Brunelleschi [BROO-nuh-LESS-kee] had built for Florence's Duomo. Russian churches are often topped by the "onion" type of them. Name

DOME(S)

This Broadway protagonist meets defeat when mirror knights force him to view his own reflection. Sancho Panza explains that he follows this man because "I Really Like Him," and the man sings to Aldonza [al-DON-zuh], whom he calls Dulcinea [dull-sin-AY

DON QUIXOTE [kee-HOH-tay] (DE LA MANCHA)

This dance troop currently offers its Dancing through Barriers program in New York City to teach dance to students who cannot afford lessons. Karel Shook was the first teacher of what dance group, comprised primarily of African-Americans?

DANCE THEATRE OF HARLEM

He was one of the greatest leaders of the Persian Empire and a great administrator who promoted architecture and standardized coinage. Despite his domestic accomplishments, he is most remembered for his attempts to conquer Greece and add it to the Pe

DARIUS (THE GREAT)

The title event in this play is meant to provide access to insurance money. One of the protagonist's sons, Biff, resents his father after catching him with another woman on a business trip. Name this Arthur Miller play in which Willy Loman commits sui

DEATH OF A SALESMAN

About 550 square miles of this North American valley lies below sea level. It was an obstacle for pioneer settlers on their way west, and later a center of borax production that gave rise to the 20-mule team wagons. Name this valley, which is the lowest, hottest and driest portion of the North American continent.

DEATH VALLEY

This goddess was responsible for the birth of the Eleusinian [el-yoo-SIN-ee-uhn] Mysteries. The Greeks believed her periodic bouts with depression were responsible for the change of the seasons. Name this Greek goddess, who brings on winter when her d

DEMETER

This North American city lies at the western edge of the Great Plains at the gateway to the Rocky Mountains. There is a marker on the grounds of the State Capitol at 5,280 feet above sea level, thus giving the city its nickname. Name this city, where the Nuggets, Rockies and Broncos play sports.

DENVER

This term is used to describe what happens when nations face sharply reduced industrial production and widespread unemployment. This can often be experienced nearly worldwide. What is this term, which is used to describe a severe economic downturn, such as the one that began in 1929 in the United States?

DEPRESSION (Accept: GREAT DEPRESSION)

This landform's common features include cacti and sand dunes. Its diverse examples include the Negev [NEHG-ehv], Antarctica, and the Sahara. Identify this landscape, defined as a region that recieves very little precipitation.

DESERT

Originally a theater term, this phrase has come to refer to any miraculous person or event that suddenly resolves a difficult plot situation. What three-word Latin expression literally means "god from the machine"?

DEUS EX MACHINA [DAY-us eks MAH-kuh-nuh]

The Greek playwright Euripides [yoo-RIP-uh-deez] has been criticized for overuse of this theatrical convention. Originally a vehicle for divine proclamations, it has come to mean any unbelievable explanation that allows for a situation to be resolved.

DEUS EX MACHINA [DAY-us eks MAH-kuh-nuh]

This god is the patron god of the Greek stage. Although the Romans generally used his Greek name, they sometimes called him Liber [LYE-ber]. What god is perhaps better known as the god of agriculture and wine?

DIONYSUS (Accept: BACCHUS)

In drama and cinema, this person usually has the final say on all aspects of the production. Identify this person who leads a show, and whose notable examples include Fritz Lang, D.W. Griffith, and Alfred Hitchcock.

DIRECTOR(S

One of this dance's most iconic moves involves the alternation of a finger pointing up and down. Featured in the film Saturday Night Fever, musicians associated with this dance style include Sister Sledge and Gloria Gaynor. Name this dance, which might

DISCO

Harmony is often described in terms of its harshness. These chords are the opposite of the smooth-sounding consonant chords. Identify these harsh chords, often used in rock music.

DISSONANT (CHORDS)

The location of this place was determined at a dinner meeting between Alexander Hamilton and James Madison in 1790. Madison agreed to not "strenuously" oppose an agreement that the federal government pay each state's remaining Revolutionary War debts. Both Maryland and Virginia donated land to create what area, about 10 miles square, where the federal capital named Washington would be located?

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Adherents of Hinduism, Sikhism [SEE-kiz-um], Buddhism, and Jainism [JIE-niz-um] celebrate this official holiday in India. What five-day festival of lights celebrates the return of Rama by lighting ghee [gee: "g" as in "get"] lamps along his path home?

DIVALI [dih-VAH-lee] (Accept: DIWALI, DIPAWALI, or DEEPAVALI)

This musical instrument is native to West Africa and often has intricate carvings. What hand drum is usually shaped like a large goblet and is usually played while holding it between the legs?

DJEMBE

Ballet terms generally come from either French or Italian. Identify the two-word Italian phrase which in ballet means the principal woman dancer in the company.

PRIMA BALLERINA

0. With a bell at its end and a double reed at the top, this instrument was used to represent the duck in Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf. What is this woodwind instrument that is larger and sounds lower than the oboe?

ENGLISH HORN

This double reed instrument is a descendant of a Baroque instrument. This instrument has a conical body with a bulb-shaped bell. What is this woodwind instrument that did not originate in England?

ENGLISH HORN

According to Native American tradition, the person who receives one of these as a gift is being shown gratitude, love, and ultimate respect. What type of feather is a crime to possess without a permit?

EAGLE (FEATHER)

This Christian holiday is tied to the lunar calendar. Eggs are a major symbol of this holiday because they symbolize new life. Identify this holiday that celebrates Jesus' resurrection from the dead.

EASTER

This remote volcanic island is owned by Chile. It is the site of great stone figures that have mystified people for years. Name this island, which was discovered by the Dutch on a special Christian holiday, hence its name.

EASTER (ISLAND)

An outbreak of this virus hit several West African countries in 2014. It was the worst outbreak of this virus since its discovery 40 years earlier. Identify this virus, several cases of which reached the United States.

EBOLA [ee-BOH-luh]

This Greek nymph was frequently the subject of Zeus' love. Identify the nymph who had her voice taken away by Hera and could not voice her love for Narcissus because all she could do was repeat whatever others said.

ECHO

This civilization was ruled by Menes [MEE-neez], Ramses [RAM-seez] and Tutankhamen [too-tahng-KAH-mun]. They constructed large cities, including Memphis and Thebes [THEEBZ], and monuments, including the Pyramids and the Sphinx. What ancient civilizati

EGYPT

The story of this character and her relationship with Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, is told in the Broadway play "Wicked". Identify this green skinned character who, according to the story line, becomes the Wicked Witch of the West in "The Wiza

ELPHABA (THROPP)

Heroic and virtuous Greeks would be taken to this final resting place where they could obtain immortality. What is this idyllic place that supposedly lay on the western margin of the earth?

ELYSIAN [ih-LIZH-un or ih-LEE-zhun] FIELD(S) (Accept: ELYSIAN PLAIN(S))

Multiple answer required. These two nations were involved in an on-again, off-again struggle in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, over the question of who should rule one of them. That part of their struggle for leadership in Europe ended when Charles the Seventh conquered Normandy and Aquitaine [AK-wih-tane]. What two nations fought the Hundred Years' War?

ENGLAND, FRANCE (Either order) (Accept: BRITAIN or other equivalents)

Multiple answer required. These three countries occupy the large island off the European continent about 20 miles from France. Their major cities are Glasgow, Cardiff and London. Name these three countries, which, with Northern Ireland, make up the United Kingdom.

ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, WALES

The penultimate [peh-NUL-tuh-mit] part of the Freytag [FRY-tahk] pyramid, this part of a story immediately follows the moment of change, or climax. Which part of a story comes right before the dénouement [day-noo-MAHN], or final resolution?

FALLING ACTION

This production term can be used in both lighting and sound directions. Technically, however, it is an optical effect. What is this optical effect in which the image on the screen is gradually replaced by a uniform dark area?

FADE (Accept word forms)

This 10-million-dollar transaction was prompted in part by those who sought a route for a southern transcontinental railroad that ultimately was never built. The main negotiator was a former two-star army general who was the U.S. ambassador to Mexico. What two-word name is given to this transaction, which added 30,000 square miles to what is now southern Arizona and New Mexico?

GADSDEN PURCHASE

Two answers please. This couple is considered the first parents of Greek mythology. Who were these parents that gave birth to monsters, Cyclopes, and the Titans?

GAEA; URANUS

This Greek goddess was born from Chaos. Identify this goddess, who had offspring with several gods and is the personification of the Earth

GAIA

This Beethoven piece is in 3/8 time and wasn't published until after he died. What musical piece is widely accepted to have been written for a female, possibly a friend of Beethoven's?

FÜR ELISE

This dance's old style is often accompanied by percussion instruments, while only the new style uses a ukulele. This dance, whose movements inspired a popular toy, is known for the elaborate skirts worn by female dancers. Name this dance of the Hawaiia

HULA (DANCE) (Accept: HULA (HOOP))

This principal of art is used to add balance and harmony to a painting. Identify the six letter term that means the repeating of the same kind of movement in a composition.

RHYTHM

The key to unlocking the mystery of this type of communication was discovered in 1799 by a French soldier. The individual signs in the writing can be either pictures, symbols for pictures, or symbols for sounds. Identify this form of writing, associated with ancient Egypt.

HIEROGLYPHICS (Accept: HIEROGLYPHS)

This artist's most famous work is a triptych [TRIP-tick] painted on wood panels and shows the globe on the outside when it is shut. What Dutchman painted The Garden of Earthly Delights?

HIERONYMUS) BOSCH

These mountains resulted from the Indian plate ramming into the Eurasian plate. They mostly lie on the border between Nepal and China. What mountain range contains K2 and Mount Everest?

HIMALAYA(N) (MOUNTAINS) (Accept: HIMALAYAS

This religion's moral code is known as "dharma" [DARM-ah], and its original language was Sanskrit. Its texts are known as "Vedas" [VAY-duhz], and its Trimurti includes Shiva, Vishnu, and Brahma. Name this religion associated with India.

HINDU(ISM)

One Supreme Reality is manifested in this religion's many gods and goddesses. The afterlife in this religion is obtained through a cycle of rebirth called samsara. What is this religion, the primary religion of India?

HINDU(ISM) (Accept word forms)

This empire included the kingdoms of Bavaria [buh-VAIR-ee-uh] and Prussia [PRUSH-uh]. It was a group of nations ruled by a central emperor, whose authority fluctuated with time and other factors. Name this very complex German empire.

HOLY ROMAN (EMPIRE)

This is the most common texture in Western music. In this type of musical texture, a single dominant voice is the melody. What is this texture in which multiple voices back-up the main melody?

HOMOPHONIC

Legend says that the first performer of this dance was a god or goddess. The performance of the dance represents specific meanings and significance to the Hawaiian dancers. What dance is accompanied by chants that aid in telling the dancer's story?

HULA

This Greek god is the oldest son of Cronus and Rhea. What man is often depicted with Cerberus [SER-ber-us] and took Persephone [per-SEFF-uh-nee] captive while he was god of the underworld?

HADES [HAY-deez]

This wall stretching from the North Sea to the Irish Sea was 80 Roman miles long, 8 to 10 feet wide, and 15 feet high. Small forts called mile castles were built every Roman mile along its entire length. What is this British fortification built in

HADRIAN'S WALL

Nothing remains of the original church of this name built by Constantine the Great in Constantinople. What church in the city now called Istanbul was rebuilt under the personal supervision of Justinian I between 532 and 537 A.D.?

HAGIA SOPHIA [HAH-jee-uh soh-FEE-uh]

This Muslim practice requires that the pilgrims wear identical plain clothes to show that all are equal in Allah's eyes. During the festival, the followers throw stones at three pillars which represent Satan. Identify this pilgrimage made by Muslims

HAJJ

He succeeded his father as king about 1792 B.C., and ruled for some forty years. He is credited with one of the oldest writings of significant length, this one dealing with rules of behavior. Name the Babylonian king whose code was one of several sets of laws in ancient Mesopotamia.

HAMMURABI [hah-moo-RAH-bee]

He was a ruler from the first Amorite dynasty of Babylon. Much of what we know about him is found in his way of naming years for acts that he had performed. Name this ruler whose code of laws were once considered the oldest in human history.

HAMMURABI [ham-uh-RAH-bee]

This Chinese dynasty followed that of the brutal Qin [chin] dynasty, and restored Chinese culture. The name for this dynasty became the Chinese word denoting someone who is Chinese. Name this dynasty that was so successful that it controlled China for 400 years.

HAN (DYNASTY)

Despite being one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the location of this wonder is unknown to this day. Located near the royal palace and set atop vaulted terraces, this wonder was thought to include an exceptionally elaborate irrigation sys

HANGING GARDENS (OF BABYLON)

This Jewish holiday will occur between December 2 and December 9 in 2010. Perhaps the most recognized Jewish holiday recognized by non-Jewish people, this holiday celebrates the triumph of light over darkness. Identify this holiday known as the fest

HANNUKAH

This free reed instrument is often used in blues, American folk, and country music. What small handheld instrument is sometimes referred to as a "blues harp" or "mouth organ"?

HARMONICA

This instrument is featured along with the piano in Billy Joel's "Piano Man." Played by John Popper, what instrument is played by exhaling or inhaling or by having the air run across a reed or multiple reeds?

HARMONICA

In a song, this element of music is demonstrated when a soprano sings one part and an alto sings a different part. In a chord, it is demonstrated when two or more complementary notes are played at the same time. Name this element of music where notes are added to complement the main melodic line.

HARMONY

This keyboard instrument was a precursor to the modern piano. It was widely used in Renaissance and Baroque music, and Bach wrote extensively for it. Identify this instrument that uses a plectrum to pluck its strings in order to produce sound.

HARPSICHORD

This song and dance is common in the Jewish community and was covered by the band Me First and the Gimmie Gimmies. Identify this song, frequently played at weddings and Bar Mitzvahs, whose title translate as "Let's Rejoice."

HAVA NAGILA

This state is located on a Pacific hotspot. It houses Pearl Harbor and Honolulu, its largest city and capital. Which state is made entirely of islands?

HAWAII

This chambered organ is found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. In humans, it consists of two auricles and two ventricles. Name this organ, part of the circulatory system, which is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs and throughout th

HEART

According to the Torah, this ethnic group of people descends from Jacob. They were said to have wandered around Sinai [SIGH-nigh] for forty years before conquering and settling in Palestine. Name this ethnic group that practiced Judaism.

HEBREWS (Accept: ISRAELITES) (Not: JEWS)

This Norse god, the son of nine mothers, was born at the end of the world. He is sometimes known as "Gold Tooth" because of his shining, golden teeth. What god guards Bifrost [BIV-rost], the only entrance to Asgard?

HEIMDALL [HIME-dahl]

Identify the beautiful woman whose abduction by the prince Paris triggered the Trojan War.

HELEN (OF TROY)

This Greek goddess was the daughter of the Titan Cronus and Rhea. She was the patron of Argos and Samos, as well as being the goddess of marriage, the life of women, and protector of women in childbirth. The animals sacred to this goddess were the co

HERA

This goddess was Zeus's sister. She was the jealous protector of marriage and punished the women whom Zeus seduced. Identify the Greek goddess who was also Zeus's wife.

HERA

In real life, he was an Onondaga [on-un-DAW-guh] Indian chief who organized the Five Nations. In poetry, he departs for the Isles of the Blessed after leading his people and marrying Minnehaha [min-ee-HA-ha]. Identify this Native American hero, whose

HIAWATHA

This play, like the Crucible, uses an allegory to discuss the McCarty trials. It fictionalizes the Scopes Monkey Trial with Henry Drummond instead of Clarence Darrow and Matthew Harrison Brady instead of William Jennings Bryan. What is this play by Je

INHERIT THE WIND

This method of dealing with perceived heresies within the Roman Catholic faith was first used near the beginning of the 13th century. Those found guilty of heresy faced various punishments, some as severe as being burned at the stake. What was this method, whose Spanish judges were considered particularly severe?

INQUISITION

Anticipation about this device after Apple founder Steve Jobs' 2007 announcement led to over 270,000 being sold in the first 30 hours. What is the name of this electronic device that is a phone, computer, video, and music player?

I-PHONE

This mythological figure lived with his father in a Cretan prison. Although they both escaped, this man died because wax melts when it gets too hot. Name this son of Daedalus [DED-l-uhs], who fell to his death after flying too close to the sun.

ICARUS

This mortal was imprisoned by King Minos [MEE-nos] along with his father. What individual escaped from Crete with a set of wax wings, but fell to his death after coming too close to the sun?

ICARUS [ICK-er-us]

This form of ballroom dancing is not performed on the normal dance floor. What type of dancing is performed on an ice rink and is sometimes called pair skating?

ICE (DANCING)

Although this term is viewed negatively by many artists, it is historically one of the most ancient functions of art. What is this function of art that is sometimes called the highest form of flattery?

IMITATION

Pinks and blues dominate the color of this painting with a small boat located in its center. The painting came to identify the art movement that originated in France during the 1860s. From what painting by Monet did Impressionism take its name?

IMPRESSION: SUNRISE

This period of art began in Paris in the nineteenth century, with its name taken from a painting by one of its founders. It tried to use light and color to record reality in an accurate and objective style. What art movement included Monet [moh-NAY], Renoir [ren-WAHR], and Cassatt [kuh-SAT]?

IMPRESSIONISM (Accept word forms)

One part of this nonfiction work explores how Asian immigrants served the U. S. Army as translators, intelligence officers, and soldiers in combats. It examines the ramifications of Pearl Harbor, which included the internment of over one hundred thousand immigrants to "relocation centers." What is this story of The Betrayal of Japanese Americans During World War II, a YALSA Finalist by Martin W. Sandler?

IMPRISONED

The first three notes of this work by Edvard Grieg are easily recognizable by music lovers. Tim Burton used this piece for the theme music of his Nightmare Before Christmas. Identify this work, part of Grieg's Peer Gynt Suite.

IN THE HALL OF THE MOUNTAIN KING

This empire was ruled by a dynasty founded by Manco Capac [MANG-koh KAH-pahk]. It built a vast network of roads that were limited to government and military business. Identify this civilization that extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands for several thousand miles.

INCA (Accept word forms)

This term describes a form of contract labor that was common in Colonial America. It was sometimes agreed to by a person whose passage to America was paid by another in exchange for his labor. What is this term, which often precedes the word "servant"?

INDENTURE(D)

This portion of the visible light spectrum occurs at around 445 nanometers [NAN-uh-mee-terz]. It is named after a dye derived from a plant with a similar name, though some scientists believe it should be considered a shade of blue or violet. Which col

INDIGO

This river is mentioned quite frequently in the Rig-Veda [RIHG-vay-dah], an early Hindu text. The center of the Harappan [huh-RAP-un] Civilization, cities along it included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro [moh-HEN-joh-DAHR-oh]. What is this river, the center

INDUS (RIVER)

This ancient civilization was first identified at Harappa [huh-RAP-uh] and then at Mohenjo-Daro [moh-HEN-joh-DAHR-oh]. It was located along and near a major river in what is now Pakistan. Name this civilization, which takes its name from that river.

INDUS (VALLEY CIVILIZATION)

This island is the most populous in the United States. Part of New York City sits on it, and Connecticut lays across its namesake sound. Give this island, a part of New York state.

LONG (ISLAND)

This structure was primarily built by the Iroquois [eer-uh-KWOY], who derive their native name from it. Its walls were formed by fire hardened poles, and a single one could house up to twenty related families. What Native American living structures w

LONGHOUSE

Excavations at Ozette, Washington discovered evidence of these structures. Give these Native American dwellings named for their elongated rectangular shape.

LONGHOUSE(S)

Attorneys are sometimes required to handle a certain number of these kind of charity cases. What two-word Latin phrase literally means "for good," and is used in English to mean "done without charge"?

PRO BONO

This attack on the Shawnee Indians opened up Kentucky for colonial conquest in 1774. The main confrontation occurred at the Battle of Point Pleasant, where Shawnee Chief Cornstalk was defeated. By what name do we know this war, a name belonging to Virginia's royal governor?

LORD DUNMORE'S WAR

Often considered the best work of Cole Porter, this musical combines the story of a Shakespearean heroine with the backstage quarrels of modern-day married couples. Identify this musical based on The Taming of the Shrew.

KISS ME KATE

Of the three types of soldiers in the medieval army, this one was usually the wealthiest because of the costs associated with his armor and horse. What person, usually a nobleman, received a fief in exchange for his military service?

KNIGHT

This game is played with objects that have six points and a ball. What game ends when a player bounces a ball and picks up all of the namesake objects?

JACKS

It began when the dauphin [do-FAN] Charles ordered peasants to refortify the aristocrats' castles. What was this 1348 northeastern French rebellion, which took its name from the aristocrats' term for peasants?

JACQUERIE [zhah-kuh-REE]

In this religion, if you conquer your internal enemies, you have achieved Jina [JEE-nuh]. What religion, native to India, requires strict vegetarianism because compassion must be shown to all living things?

JAINISM [J'EYE-nizm]

The first Africans in America were those brought to this colony in 1619. Led by John Smith and John Rolfe, it was founded in 1607 in what is now Virginia to find gold, but ended up cultivating tobacco. Name the first permanent English settlement in the

JAMESTOWN

This biography's subject grew up in a small Texas town before bursting on the international music scene in the 1960s. Subtitled Rise Up Singing, its subject changed the face of rock and roll before dying of a drug and alcohol overdose at age twenty-seven. What is this YALSA Finalist book, written by Ann Angel?

JANIS JOPLIN

John Williams composed the musical scores for several blockbusting movies, including this 1975 film classic. Identify this movie about a seaside vacation resort terrorized by a giant Great White shark.

JAWS

This dance style originated around 1900 and was popularized by such dancers as Joe Frisco. Identify the major dance style of the 1920s and '30s, beginning with the letter J, from which hip hop originated.

JAZZ

Charles T. Russell founded this Protestant denomination in the late 19th century. Identify this denomination, which believes in the imminent second coming of Christ.

JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES

This city is home to such landmarks as the Tower of David and the Temple Mount. What city also includes the Dome of the Rock and the Wailing Wall?

JERUSALEM

he founder of this religious order was a Spanish soldier who received his inspiration while recovering from a wound. This order is regarded as the principal agent of the Counter-Reformation and was characterized by its centralized authority, obedien

JESUITS (ACCEPT: SOCIETY OF JESUS)

This religious leader's ministry lasted a relatively short three years. Many musical settings have been made of his notable "seven last words," and he reportedly underwent a transfiguration before three of his followers. Name this figure, the subject

JESUS CHRIST (Accept either JESUS or CHRIST)

The name of this ballet step literally means "thrown" in French. Identify the one-word ballet term for a jump from one foot to the other foot in any direction.

JETÉ [zhe-TAY]

This dance originated in the British Isles, and is distinguished from its counterpart by being in compound rather than simple time. It is performed by keeping the upper body still while the lower body makes rapid, quick hops and kicks. Name this folk d

JIG(S)

She claimed to hear the voices of Saints Catherine, Margaret, and Michael. Which French saint became a martyr at age nineteen when the Burgundians burned her at the stake?

JOAN OF ARC

First and last name answer required. On May 25, 1961, this man declared his goal of landing a man safely on the moon by the end of the decade. His inaugural address instructed listeners, "ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country." Which American president was assassinated in 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald?

JOHN (F. OR FITZGERALD) KENNEDY

First and last name answer required. According to some folktales, this American "Big Man" was born with a hammer in his hand. Which American folk hero, a fictional employee of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, defeated a steam drill during a steel-driv

JOHN HENRY

First and last name required. This adventurer was a mercenary for Austria against the Ottoman Empire before returning to England. He joined a group preparing to establish an English colony in America. Name this man, who named New England, led the Jamestown Colony, and was apparently saved from death by Pocahontas.

JOHN SMITH

This musical's characters include Jacob and the title character's 11 brothers. What musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice tells the biblical story of one brother being sold into slavery by his siblings?

JOSEPH AND THE AMAZING TECHNICOLOR DREAMCOAT

Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote this 1968 musical based on a biblical story. What musical about a "coat of many colors" features the song, One More Angel in Heaven?

JOSEPH AND THE AMAZING TECHNICOLOR DREAMCOAT

This region of Kentucky's landscape is dotted with cone-shaped or rounded hills, remnants of escarpments. It is shaped like an irregular horseshoe with both ends touching the Ohio River. Name this region, which is named for those hills.

KNOBS

This art movement is closely related to environmental art. What movement stresses parts of the artwork as opposed to the final product?

PROCESS ART

The theater has at least one and a maximum of three of these dances interspersed between the dramatic pieces. What is this style of dance that takes its name from a form of Japanese theater known for its elaborate makeup?

KABUKI (BUYO)

In Hindu mythology, this black goddess is perhaps the fiercest in all mythology. She is pictured with four arms, holding a sword in one hand and the head of a demon in the other. What two-headed goddess is often pictured with her foot on the chest of

KALI [KAH-lee]

This 1854 Act of Congress was passed in an effort to calm controversy over the extension of slavery. It had the opposite effect, and was attacked by free-soil and anti-slavery factions, resulting in a period of chaos and bloodshed. What was this act, which provided for the organization of two territories under the principle of popular sovereignty?

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT

He was the second king of the fourth dynasty of ancient Egypt. The Greeks called him Cheops [KEE-ops]. Name this pharaoh, who built the Great Pyramid near Giza [GHEE-zah], the largest single building until that time.

KHUFU [KOO-foo]

Full recognized name required. He is the first secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea and chairman of the Central Military Commission. Who became the supreme leader of North Korea following the death of his father, Kim Jong Il, in 2011?

KIM JONG-UN

In April 2012, this man became chairman of his country's Central Military and National Defense Commissions, as well as first secretary of its Workers' Party. Despite having no known military experience, he was promoted to four-star general shortly before his father's death in December 2011. Who is the current head of government and military forces in North Korea?

KIM JONG-UN

This conflict broke out between the colonists and New England Indians led by Metacom [met-uh-KOM], chief of the Wampanoag [wahm-puh-NOH-ag] Indians. It saw ruthless Indian raids on settlements and brutal assaults on Indian villages by the colonial militia. Identify this war, known by a name given to Metacom by the English.

KING PHILIP'S WAR

This Italian phrase means a life filled with worry-free pleasure and luxury. Give the three-word Italian phrase that means "the sweet life."

LA DOLCE VITA [lah dohl-chay VEE-tuh]

Vivien, the woman who sealed Merlin in a cave, is probably this mysterious woman in Arthurian legend. What female gave Arthur his sword, Excalibur?

LADY OF THE LAKE

This policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of people and society originated in France in the 18th century. It literally means "allow to do," or, more loosely, "leave us alone." What is this economic and governmental policy, which has proved insufficient with industrial growth and mass production?

LAISSEZ-FAIRE [LES-ey fair

The English artist, John Constable, was an expert in this art form. His Dedham Lock and Mill is a prime example of the genre. What genre of art consists of painting a picture that depicts an expanse of scenery?

LANDSCAPE (ART OR PAINTING)

In a dramatic performance the use of this element may be verbal, non-verbal, or vocal. Generally, this element refers to the spoken text of the drama. What is this dramatic element that communicates the story to the audience?

LANGUAGE

This painting was recreated by Picasso several times over his life. Showing the daughter of the king of Spain and the artist on the left, what painting by Velazquez also features maidservants and much open space on the top half?

LAS MENINAS [may-NEE-nahs] (THE) MAIDS OF HONOR

Although it is in the Sistine Chapel, this Michelangelo work was created twenty-five years after he painted the chapel's ceiling. Unlike most works on this subject, he depicts Christ as an avenging judge, determining the fate of all humanity. Name this fresco in which the saved souls ascend on the left, while the condemned souls descend on the right.

LAST JUDGMENT

This musical term comes from an Italian word meaning "to bind" or "to tie together." The direction indicates a smooth, even style of playing or singing without any noticeable break between notes. What musical direction is abbreviated L - E- G period

LEGATO [luh-GAH-toh]

This map feature explains important map information. It contains both symbols and words. What feature of a map shows the meaning of the symbols used on the map?

LEGEND (Accept: MAP KEY)

Carnival [car-nih-VAHL] originated as a way to get rid of forbidden foods before this long religious observance. This religious period begins the day after Mardi Gras, on Ash Wednesday. Name this period of observance marked by self-denial, which lasts

LENT

This religious period occurs in the spring. What is the forty days' fast that precedes Easter in the Christian Church?

LENT

He was an apprentice in the workshop of the painter Verrocchio [vuh-ROH-kee-oh]. He wrote backwards in his prolific notebooks, which are filled with planning sketches for his completed paintings, such as the Madonna of the Rocks. Identify this master R

LEONARDO DA VINCI (Accept either LEONARDO or DA VINCI)

These folk creatures, whose name means "little body," live in remote places, where they make shoes and hide gold. If someone threatens them with violence and stares them down, they lead that person to their pot of gold. Who are these short men of Irish

LEPRECHAUNS

This musical's score was composed by Schonberg. Its name has become colloqiuialized and is one of the most famous Broadway musicals of all time. Identify this musical based on a novel about the plight of French revolutionaries, written by Victor Hugo.

LES MISERABLES

Multiple answer required. Colonists in these two towns were warned by Paul Revere that the British were coming to capture their military stores. At what two towns was the British force met by local minutemen, and turned back to Boston?

LEXINGTON, CONCORD (Either order)

Multiple answers required. In a speech made to the Virginia Convention, these are the only two outcomes that Patrick Henry will accept. What are the two nouns that follow "give me" in Henry's most famous speech?

LIBERTY (OR) DEATH

It began in Trinidad as a popular dance contest, but gained fame in the U.S. during the 1950s and '60s. All contestants must attempt to go under a vertical bar that is lowered during each round without touching it, until only one dancer remains. Identify this dance that challenges you to prove how low you can go.

LIMBO

In art, it can create focal points or draw the eye to a particular place. It is the simplest of all art elements, and can be thick, thin, curved, or even broken. Name this element of art that is the path of a point as it moves through a space.

LINE

This artistic element names a type of two-dimensional art that generally uses only a single color and white space. In a painting or sculpture, the eye naturally follows an imaginary one extended beyond an outstretched arm. Name this element of art, whi

LINE(S) (Accept: LINE (ART) or LINE (DRAWING(S))

This clipped term is a technical term for matching lip movements with voice. Many performers practice this in concerts in order to ensure quality for broadcast. What is this practice that is often used in talent shows and contests by young performer

LIP SYNC(ING)

Because of a "curse" associated with the name of this play, it is sometimes called simply "The Scottish Play." Give the title of William Shakespeare's shortest tragedy, a play that features three witches, a power-mad king, and a murderous queen.

MACBETH

The person who leads the music of an orchestra is called a conductor or a Kapellmeister [kah-PEL-MY-ster]. What Italian word is used to refer to a highly respected senior conductor?

MAESTRO [MY-stro]

The king signed it at Runnymede, beside the Thames River, on June 15, 1215. Identify this document signed by King John, England's first "Great Charter."

MAGNA CARTA

This Greek titan was the son of Iapetus [eye-AP-uh-tus] and Themis [THEE-mus]. Known for his intelligence, who stole fire from Zeus and presented it to humans?

PROMETHEUS [proh-MEE-thee-us]

Jews in this colony lived in a section called New Harlem. Supposedly, Peter Minuit bought the land for this colony in 1625 for $24 of trinkets. Identify this Dutch colony which later became New York City.

NEW AMSTERDAM

This colony was established in 1638 and lasted until 1655, when it was conquered by the Dutch and made part of New Netherland. Settled primarily by its namesake inhabitants and Finns, this colony had its capital and first settlement at Fort Christina,

NEW SWEDEN

This historical figure is inextricably related to Beethoven and his music. At the time of his composing of Eroica, Beethoven held the highest esteem for this little man. Who was this "common mortal" to whom Eroica was originally dedicated?

NAPOLEON

Artists may paint intricate stories on ceramic urns to fulfill this art purpose. Other examples of this purpose can be Guernica by Picasso. What is this purpose of art that literally means the telling of a story?

NARRATIVE

In the Sondheim [SOND-hime] musical Into the Woods, this character is eventually fed to a giant after the other characters get frustrated with him. One of these in a mystery may be "unreliable," and an "omniscient" one knows everything about all the o

NARRATOR

This word is defined as the ratio of births to the general population. In other words, the birth rate. What is the word starting with "N" that represents this ratio?

NATALITY

First and last name answer required. This fictional frontiersman is the main character in historical novels by James Fenimore Cooper. He is also known as Hawkeye, the child of white parents, who grew up with Native Americans, becoming a near-fearless

NATTY BUMPPO

He captured Jerusalem in 597 B.C., and deported Judah's King Jehoiachin [dzhee-HOI-uh-kihn] to Babylon. He rebuilt and expanded Babylon, adding a great moat around the city. Name this Chaldean king who is said to have constructed the hanging gardens of Babylon.

NEBUCHADNEZZAR [neb-uh-kuhd-NEZ-er] (THE SECOND)

This architectural style of the 19th century is visible in Thomas Jefferson's Monticello [mon-tuh-CHEL-oh]. What architectural style was a revival of Greek and Roman architecture?

NEOCLASSICAL

This Asian nation was the scene of a terrible earthquake in April 2015 that killed several thousand people. It struck near the capital, Kathmandu [kaht-mahn-DOO]. Identify this country, which lies along the southern slopes of the Himalayan Mountains.

NEPAL

This emperor succeeded his great-uncle Claudius to the throne in A.D. 54. His reign experienced a persecution of Christianity and the Great Fire of Rome before he committed suicide to avoid assassination. Give this Roman emperor who supposedly "fiddle

NERO [NEE-roh]

It is a fabulous land of Indians, pirates and Lost Boys. Name this home of Peter Pan, a place where no child ever grows up.

NEVER LAND (ACCEPT: NEVER-NEVER LAND)

. This closed tube flute-like instrument is usually in the shape of a potato and made from baked clay. This instrument is used by Link in the Legend of Zelda TV series. Identify this wind instrument whose Italian name means "little goose".

OCARINA

A saxophonist's left thumb is used to press the key that raises its pitch by this interval. In sheet music, the notation "8va" [eight vee ay] instructs the performer to play the music in an interval higher than written.

OCTAVE (Accept: OCTAVO or OCTAVE (KEY) or (ONE) OCTAVE (HIGHER))

This ocean is larger than all of the Earth's land area combined. It surrounds Japan and Hawaii, and borders both China and the United States. What is the world's largest ocean?

PACIFIC (OCEAN)

She was kidnapped to be ransomed for English prisoners held by the Powhatan [POW-uh-tan] Indians. Legend says she kept her father from killing one Englishman, but she ended up marrying another ... after converting to Christianity and taking the name Rebecca. Name this Indian woman, daughter of the chief, who married John Rolfe, and brought peace between the Indians and English at Jamestown.

POCAHONTAS

Used twice and separated by the letter "a," this Italian word instructs a musician to do something gradually over a long period of time. Paired with "più mosso" [pee-OO MOH-soh], it instructs a musician to play with slightly increased motion. Identify

POCO (A POCO) [POH-koh]

In the omniscient style of this literary element, the narrator knows everything that happens. What three-word phrase describes the vantage point from which a story is told?

POINT OF VIEW

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat [zhorzh su-RAH] is an example of this style of painting. Identify this style of painting in which small distinct points of primary colors create the impression of a wide selection of

POINTILLISM (ACCEPT: POINTILLIST)

Divisionism is another name for this painting technique that uses small dots of color to reveal the image. What technique of painting was developed by Georges Seurat?

POINTILLISM (ACCEPT: POINTILLIST)

This musical style and dance originated in what is now the Czech Republic in the mid-19th century. Johann Strauss and his son both composed famous varieties of what lively dance, done in 2/4 time?

POLKA

This dance takes its name from its country of origin. Bach and Mozart wrote music for them, but the most famous one is in A-flat major by Chopin [SHOH-pan]. What type of dance is the French word for the Polish nationality?

POLONAISE

This Greek character was the son of Poseidon. Odysseus [oh-DIS-ee-us] gave him wine, causing him to get drunk and pass out. Identify this Cyclops, who was blinded by Odysseus and his men?

POLYPHEMUS [pol-uh-FEE-mus] (Do not accept: CYCLOPS)

Probably the most famous example of this type of work is the Ghent Altarpiece by Hubert and Jan van Eyck [yahn vahn IKE]. Give the term, beginning with the letter P, for a painting made of several panels or scenes joined together.

POLYPTYCH [POL-ip-tick]

ir Edward Elgar, a British composer of the early twentieth century, wrote a march often associated with an end-of-the-year school activity. Identify this march, typically played at graduation ceremonies as the graduates file in.

POMP AND CIRCUMSTANCE (MARCH NUMBER ONE)

This ancient city was covered by more than nine feet of volcanic stone and ash. It was destroyed along with nearby Herculaneum and other communities following an eruption. Name this city, destroyed by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius [vuh-SOO-vee-uhs] in 79 A.D.

POMPEII [pom-PEY]

The first event of this 10-day communications service took place on April 3, 1860, when the last rider arrived in Sacramento, California. Its riders had to be young, skinny, wiry fellows, expert riders, with orphans preferred. What was this service, which lasted only about a year and a half until the completion of the transcontinental telegraph line in 1861.

PONY EXPRESS

Jasper Johns and Andy Warhol were two artists involved in this mid-1950s art style. Identify this art style that used images from advertising, comic strips, and films.

POP (ART)

This mythological text from Central America translates as "The Book of Counsel." Identify this text, which contains the stories of the creation and the hero twins.

POPOL VUH [POH-pohl vooh]

This type of music changes with the times. One of the first places where this music could be heard was in Tin Pan Alley in the 1880s. What is this music of which "pop" music is a specific genre?

POPULAR (MUSIC)

This controversial political doctrine was first applied when the territories of Utah and New Mexico were organized. Its most critical application came with Stephen Douglas' Kansas-Nebraska Act. Identify this doctrine, which held that people in federal territories should decide for themselves whether they would enter the union as free or slave states.

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

This opera's main character sings that he's "Got my gal, got my Lord, got my song" after noting that "I got plenty o' nothin', and nothin's plenty for me." The folk opera was the first opera to feature an entirely African-American cast. The songs in w

PORGY AND BESS

America's "National Gallery" of this type of art is part of the Smithsonian. American painter Gilbert Stuart left one of George Washington unfinished. Name this type of art, a portrayal of a person.

PORTRAIT(S) (Accept: (NATIONAL) PORTRAIT (GALLERY))

One of the twelve Olympian deities, this god is referred to as "Earth-shaker" and "tamer of horses." He once lost a contest with Athena over which would become the namesake of the capital of Attica. Who was the brother of Zeus and god of the oceans?

POSEIDON

This Greek god's wife was Amphitrite, and one of his sons was Theseus. What Greek god is symbolized by a bull and a triton and is the god of the sea?

POSEIDON

These edible tubers were first cultivated in South America, possibly as long as ten thousand years ago. They spread around the world with the onset of exploration, and they constitute the fourth largest crop on the planet today. Which common garden p

POTATOES

This play is billed as "the unauthorized Harry experience." It is a parody of J.K. Rowling's seven books in a mere seventy minutes. What is this two-man show about Harry Potter's escapades?

POTTED POTTER

This work is considered the classic example of Impressionism in music, and was inspired by a Stéphane Mallarmé [stay-FAHN mah-lahr-MAY] poem. It has no specific plot, but evokes the images of frolicking creatures from Greek mythology. Identify this symphonic poem by Claude Debussy [deb-yoo-SEE].

PRELUDE TO THE AFTERNOON OF A FAUN (Accept: PRELUDE A L'APRES-MIDI D'UN FAUNE [ah LAH-pray-mee-DEE doon FAWN])

This king in Greek legend divorced his first wife to marry Hecuba [HECK-yoo-buh]. Who lost his son Hector during the Trojan War?

PRIAM [PRY-um]

This group of politicians included Edwin Stanton, William Seward, and Thaddeus Stevens. Lincoln vetoed their Wade-Davis bill, but after his death, they gained power. Which political faction led Reconstruction?

RADICAL REPUBLICANS

This technology consists of invisible signals, which are broadcast and received at separate locations. Which broadcast technology is used today for a wide variety of purposes, including popular entertainment and controlling space vehicles?

RADIO

This dance is characterized by the wearing of turquoise in Native American cultures. Identify this dance of native cultures around the world, in which they performed as an appeal for a certain type of precipitation.

RAIN (DANCE)

He worshipped himself as a god, and signed a peace treaty with the Hittites in 1258 B.C. What pharaoh built hundreds of statues in his likeness, was rumored to have fathered nearly 100 children, and had the temple at Abu Simbel [ah-boo-SIM-bul] built?

RAMSES (THE) SECOND (Accept: RAMSES THE GREAT)

First and last name required. He began practicing ophthalmology shortly after graduating from the Duke University School of Medicine. Identify the Republican who, as of 2013, is Kentucky's junior U.S. senator.

RAND PAUL

This type of music is broken down into content, flow and delivery. Visible in music since the 1920s, what three-letter word identifies this style, which consists of spoken lyrics that rhyme?

RAP

In Norse mythology, the god Odin is accompanied by a pair of this type of animal, named Hugin [HYOO-ghin] and Munin [MOO-nin]. What kind of animal is the subject of folk ballads like "The Twa Corbies," as well as a famous poem by Edgar Allan Poe?

RAVEN

This term is used to describe a downturn in economic production and employment, which results in declining incomes and spending. Such a downturn can result in a decline in business inventory, which then results in a decline in production and jobs. What is this term, which is used to describe the downturn in 2008 spurred by the decline in the housing market?

RECESSION

This era was launched by Radical Republicans after Abraham Lincoln's assassination. What is this period of American history, beginning in 1865 and lasting until 1877?

RECONSTRUCTION

This historical era ended as part of the bargain to elect Rutherford B. Hayes president. Radical Republicans imposed it as a military control over the recovering South. Name this American historical period, which lasted from 1865 to 1877.

RECONSTRUCTION

Although it is considered a type of flute, this instrument is usually made of wood or plastic. Composers like Bach and Vivaldi used it to suggest shepherds and imitate birds in their music. Identify this instrument with a whistle-type mouthpiece and holes along its length that can be covered to change its pitch.

RECORDER

This instrument is also called an English flute achieved its heyday during the Renaissance and was a favorite of traveling musicians. What instrument is played by blocking holes with fingers but blowing into an opening at the end of a tube?

RECORDER

This type of location appears in the phrase "the red light in front of Burger King." Unlike absolute position, it depends on another physical object to indicate its own location. Give this subjective type of location.

RELATIVE (POSITION)

Examples of this type of art can be found throughout the Vatican. What type of art stresses ideals or principles of faith and can be seen in the painting The Last Supper or sculptures of the Buddha?

RELIGIOUS

The term refers to a period of history where an interest in classical learning resurfaced, new continents were explored, new theories of the universe were postulated, commerce increased, and numerous great works of art were produced. Name this period

RENAISSANCE

This cultural movement started in the late Middle Ages. The Reformations took place during this period, whose ideals quickly spread outside of Italy, where it began. What movement saw the rise of humanism and the arts and translates as "rebirth"?

RENAISSANCE

This period in art began in Italy, but by the sixteenth century had spread throughout Europe. One trademark characteristic of this period was the development of linear perspective and the use of balance and symmetry. Which period included artists such as Botticelli [bot-ih-CHEL-ee] and Michelangelo?

RENAISSANCE

Idaho is the leader in using geothermal energy, which falls under this category. Plants like bamboo are also included, because once the stalks are harvested for use, they will grow back.

RENEWABLE (RESOURCES)

This work was premiered at an educational event called "Experiment in Modern Music" in February 1924. What is this musical composition by George Gershwin that begins with a two-and-a-half-octave glissando for the clarinet?

RHAPSODY IN BLUE

This New England state borders Connecticut and Massachusetts. It includes the cities of Newport and Providence, its capital. Name the smallest U.S. state.

RHODE ISLAND

This dance originated in Cuba and has influences across a wide variety of disciplines. Identify this dance, which is done at around 160 beats per minute and can be seen throughout the city of Miami.

SALSA

According to the Iliad, Zeus said this place was as far below Hades as heaven was above the earth. Identify the Greek mythological land far where the souls of those who have sinned are punished.

TARTARUS

This Indian girl was captured by a raiding party and later sold to a French Canadian fur trader to be his wife. She and her husband became interpreters for Lewis and Clark on their westward expedition. Name this woman, who enabled the expedition to obtain horses from the Shoshones [shoh-SHOH-neez] to cross the mountains.

SACAJAWEA [sack-ah-juh-WEE-ah

This arid land region extends about 3,000 from east to west. It dominates the geography of North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Name this largest desert in the world.

SAHARA (DESERT)

This region separates Africa into the Mediterranean coast and a more southern region. It is as large as the continental United States, and sits in Algeria [al-JEER-ee-uh], Libya, and Egypt. Name the world's largest hot desert.

SAHARA (DESERT)

According to Islam, its adherents should practice this to show their dedication to Muhammad. This is the second pillar of Islam. What is this ritual prayer that must be performed five times each day?

SALAT

This region is bounded by Galilee on the north and Judaea on the south, the Mediterranean Sea on the west and the Jordan River on the east. Ancient Shechem served as the crossroads and political center of the region. Identify this region of people, one of whose good deed was described in a parable told by Jesus.

SAMARIA [suh-MAIR-ee-uh] (Accept: SAMARITANS [suh-MAR-i-tns])

This trail was followed by wagon trains leaving Independence, Missouri, for the American Southwest. The importance of this trail for transport of silver and furs to the East Coast and manufactured goods to the West, was a factor that led to the Mexican War. What was this trail, which ended in what is now the capital of New Mexico?

SANTA FE (TRAIL)

A series of three battles in and around this New York town became a turning point in the American Revolution. In each of these battles, British General John Burgoyne [ber-GOIN] failed to achieve victory, and surrendered his troops on the third one. What town was the site of these battles, where American victories convinced the French to recognize American independence?

SARATOGA

A long strip of unstitched cloth that can be nearly nine meters long is used to create this garment worn by women in India. What is the name of this traditional Indian dress worn over a petticoat with a blouse forming the upper garment?

SARI (Accept: SHARI)

Goya created a chalk drawing of this god in 1796. The artwork features this god holding a staff in one hand and his son in the other. What is this god, the title subject who is Devouring His Son?

SATURN

This planet was named after the Roman god of harvest. Name this planet which displays a prominent set of rings for which it is most well known.

SATURN

This painting depicts the mythological tale about a Titan who, fearful that one of his children will overthrow him, eats each one as it is born. It is the most famous of the Black Paintings that resided in the artist's house and was not intended for public display. Name this dark, malevolent work by Francisco Goya.

SATURN DEVOURING HIS CHILDREN

Multiple answer required. The first of these three men was chosen by Samuel and public acclamation. The second was an aide to the first, as well as best friend to the first's son. The third was the son and successor of the second. Name the first three kings of ancient Israel.

SAUL, DAVID, SOLOMON (Any order)

This term began as a word describing a worthless animal, or person, in the 1840s. After the Civil War, it was used in the South to describe supporters of Republican Party policies. What was this term, used to describe a Southerner who supported the federal plan of reconstruction?

SCALAWAG(S)

. Major and minor are two designations for types of these backbones for music. All of these tones either advance in whole or half-steps or by a combination of the two. What is this musical term that is often named for the beginning note?

SCALE

This term in music can include types that are diatonic. What is the sequence of ascending or descending notes called?

SCALE

This region's coastlines are covered with fjords [FYORDS]. It surrounds the Baltic [BALL-tick] Sea, and its countries include Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. Which European region lies partly within the Arctic Circle?

SCANDINAVIA

This part of a play can take place anywhere on stage, in front of the curtain or even offstage. What dramatic term identifies the units of a play that combine to make up an act?

SCENE

Our Town by Thornton Wilder does not use this element of drama. It can be as elaborate as an entire building or street, or as simple as a backdrop and a few raised platforms. What element creates a physical environment for a play?

SCENERY

The "Great" one occurred in 1054 between Eastern and Western Christianity. What is this term that literally means a formal division in or separation from a church or religious body?

SCHISM

In movie production this terms refers to the music of the movie. Generally this is recorded after the film has been edited. What term refers to the original music composition for a movie or television production?

SCORE

This country voted on whether to remain a part of the United Kingdom in September 2014. It voted not to become an independent nation. Identify this northernmost part of the United Kingdom, which contains about a third of Great Britain.

SCOTLAND

This element of theatre contains the dialogue for the characters as well as the stage directions. What written composition also provides the directions in a play or film and is used by the director when setting up shots?

SCRIPT

Symptoms of this condition, known as Barlow's disease in infants, include spongy gums, weakness, and depression. James Lind cured its occurrence in sailors by administering citrus juice. Identify the disease that is caused by a deficiency in vitamin C.

SCURVY

This skyscraper, finished in 1958, is an excellent example of International Style architecture in the corporate world. It uses walls of glass and steel to impress those who see it, and sits back from the road to create a plaza in front of it. Name this New York City skyscraper designed by Mies Van der Rohe [meez van der ROE-uh] and Philip Johnson.

SEAGRAM (BUILDING)

He was an accomplished silversmith, painter, and warrior, but he is best remembered for his language skills. He became convinced that his people needed a written language to enable them to transmit more knowledge than they could by memory and word of mouth. Name this man, who created a writing system for the Cherokee Indians, and for whom the giant redwoods on the Pacific Coast are still named.

SEQUOYAH [si-KWOI-uh]

This term identifies medieval tenant farmers who were bound to a designated plot of land by their lords. While not actually slaves, they lacked many of the personal liberties held by freedmen. What do we call such people, who were required to give a substantial proportion of the grain they grew to their lords?

SERF(S)

This deep underground abode is the place where wicked are sent for punishment in certain myth. Identify this place of punishment where Erebus reigns.

TARTARUS

This place became the home of Tantalus after he chopped up his son. A force as well as a god, what place was below Hades and was meant for the worst offenders as well as those who directly opposed the gods?

TARTARUS [TAR-ter-us]

One advanced move in this dance style is the "five wing," and its subtypes include "rhythm" and "swing." Its popularity soared with the 1920s rise of vaudeville acts dedicated to it. What dance style is associated with Leonard Reed, Gregory Hines, and

TAP (DANCE)

This term, which may be used interchangeably with the terms "duty" and "customs," refers to a tax levied on imported goods. It may be levied primarily to raise revenue. What is this term, also used as a levy to protect domestic industries?

TARIFF

. This Italian father taught his famous ballerina daughter. He was the original choreographer for his daughter's performance in La Sylphide. What is the surname of father and daughter, Filippo and Marie?

TAGLIONI

This poignant [POIN-yuhnt] term is used to describe the forced removal of indigenous [in-DIJ-uh-nuhs] peoples to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. It began with the discovery of gold in Georgia on lands owned by Cherokee people, and was supported by President Andrew Jackson. What is this term for the collective suffering endured by these people as they were forced westward?

TRAIL OF TEARS

This three-word phrase refers to a 2,200-mile-long trail from Georgia to Arkansas. It describes the forced removal of Indians from the Southeast, particularly the Cherokee, to land west of the Mississippi River. What phrase poignantly described the suffering these people experienced, and the many deaths that occurred along the way?

TRAIL OF TEARS

This young man was holding Skittles and wearing a hoodie when he died. George Zimmerman, a neighborhood watchman, fatally shot him, allegedly in self-defense. Identify this African-American teenager, killed in Florida in February 2012.

TRAYVON MARTIN (Accept first or last or both)

Also called a leister [LEE-ster] or gig, this weapon is used for spear fishing and formerly was used as a military weapon. What three-pointed spear is often pictured with the sea gods Neptune and Poseidon?

TRIDENT

This ancient three-leaved tablet was written on using a stylus. In art, it is a set of three panels that are set side by side and are often hinged, as was the ancient tablet. What art form is exemplified by Bosch's The Garden of Earthly Delights?

TRIPTYCH [TRIP-tick]

In Scandinavian mythology, this type of creature appears in stories like "Dapplegrim," as well as the song "In the Hall of the Mountain King." Which race of ogre-like beings did J.R.R. Tolkien [TOHL-keen] also place in villainous roles in his Middle-Ea

TROLL

Professional models of this instrument often include an F attachment operated with the player's left thumb. The predecessor of this instrument was the sackbut.

TROMBONE(S) (Accept answers that include trombone and descriptors like TENOR or BASS)

This imaginary line marks the southernmost position above the earth's surface that the sun appears directly overhead. This occurs around December 21st each year. Give the name we use for this imaginary line, which is drawn approximately 23 and a half degrees south of the equator.

TROPIC OF CAPRICORN

The themes of this type of music generally dealt with love or chivalry. What style of music is named for the people who traveled on the road to perform it in the Middle Ages?

TROUBADOUR

Originally a traveling musician, this type of singer invented a kind of lyrical poetry with a romantic flair. Their songs were stories of chivalry and courtly love. Who were these poets of southern France, who flourished between the 11th and 13th centuries?

TROUBADOUR(S)

Secular music during the Middle Ages was shared by these traveling musicians. Most of the songs which these musicians sang were about love. What were these itinerant musicians?

TROUBADOUR(S) (ACCEPT: TROUVERES)

Early versions of this brass instrument had no valves, and relied solely on harmonics to change its pitch. In the modern orchestra, it is the brass instrument with the highest range. What instrument was played by jazz greats Dizzy Gillespie and Louis Armstrong?

TRUMPET

Most recently, this type of event occurred on February 6, 2013, in the Solomon Islands. In the past decade, they have also hit Chile, Haiti, Japan, Samoa, and Peru. What are these massive walls of water, often mistaken for tidal waves, that commonly occur after an oceanic earthquake?

TSUNAMI [soo-NAH-mee]

This country has a city that lies on both sides of the Bosporus [BOS-per-uhs], making it the only city in the world in two continents. The country has also been called Asia Minor and is the location of the ancient city of Troy. Name this country, which used to be the center of the Ottoman Empire, and whose capital is Ankara [ANG-kuh-ruh].

TURKEY

Article I of the Constitution lists several qualifications that a person must have in order to run for a seat in the House of Representatives. What is the minimum age to run for the House of Representatives?

TWENTY-FIVE (25

Originally, this word was a title that referenced a Japanese shogun [SHOH-guhn]. Today, it names any person possessing great wealth or power. What is this six-letter noun beginning with T?

TYCOON

Actors who have played the same role for an extended period of time might complain about this. Identify the term for when an actor becomes associated with only one type of role or character, often based on his physical appearance.

TYPECAST(ING)

. During shows with long runs, these people may perform in weekend matinees or on other "off" nights. Lead roles usually have one of these people entirely dedicated to them. Name this theatrical role, whose job is to be ready step in as a performer if a

UNDERSTUDY (Accept other forms of the word)

This Portuguese instrument became the instrument of choice in the South Pacific. What is this instrument that has come to be identified with the Hawaiian Islands?

UKULELE

This musical instrument's four strings are usually tuned to G-C-E-A. What Polynesian instrument was played by Bruddah Iz in his Hawaiian version of "Over the Rainbow"?

UKULELE

This string instrument's ancestor was brought to its island home by Portuguese immigrants. Resembling a small guitar, this instrument is classified as a plucked lute. Name this instrument that has come to represent the islands of Hawaii.

UKULELE Accept: UKE

This system existed in the Northern States before the Civil War in defiance of the Fugitive Slave Acts. Many of the people it helped ended up in Canada. What two-word phrase identifies this system, which secretly helped slaves to escape northward from the plantations of the South?

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

Washington's troops took up quarters here after being defeated at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. Situated on the west bank of the Schuylkill [SKOOL-kil] River, it provided a place where Baron von Steuben could drill the troops into an effective fighting force. Where did the Continental Army take up winter quarters in the winter of 1777?

VALLEY FORGE (PENNSYLVANIA)

On the west bank of the Nile, this area lies opposite the ancient city of Thebes. Identify the New Kingdom burial area where, in 1922, Howard Carter discovered the undisturbed tomb of King Tutankhamen.

VALLEY OF THE KINGS

This art term is also the title of a 1971 movie starring Barry Newman as Kowalski. What two word term can be defined as the point to which the parallel lines of objects in a painting or drawing appear to converge?

VANISHING POINT

As a noun, this word can refer to an arched structure that forms a ceiling over a room. It also names a strong, fireproof metal cabinet for storing materials. Give this word that, as a verb, one may perform with a pole at a track and field event.

VAULT

In 1502, he became the first European to discover Argentina's Rio de la Plata. Which Italian-born explorer lent his name to the continents of North and South America?

VESPUCCI

Brass players may perform this musical technique by varying their air stream or embouchure, or physically wiggling the horn against their face. A string player does it by quickly rocking a finger of his left hand back and forth. Identify this expressi

VIBRATO [vih-BRAH-toh, vie-BRAH-toh]

Set in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, this musical portrays a love story in the middle of a gang rivalry. Which Stephen Sondheim musical is a modern retelling of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet?

WEST SIDE STORY

This town was well suited for defensive purposes during the Civil War, as it was situated on high bluffs along a river. Taking it was critical to Union forces, as this would give them control of shipping channels the entire length of the Mississippi River. Name this Mississippi town where Union General Ulysses S. Grant lay siege, forcing the starving town to surrender on July 4, 1863.

VICKSBURG

These Scandinavian seafaring warriors raided and colonized parts of Europe beginning in the 9th century A.D. They were Danes, Norwegians and Swedes who navigated the seas in their longships. What is the common name given to these peoples, who profoundly affected European history?

VIKING(S) (Accept: NORSEMEN)

The name of this group of Medieval seafarers is derived from an early Scandinavian word for pirate. This group was composed of Scandinavian chieftains, clan heads, and individuals who sought adventure. They traveled to their destinations using their

VIKINGS Accept: NORSEMEN

In the design of this house, Palladio [puh-LAH-dee-oh] drew inspiration from the Pantheon in Rome. It is completely symmetrical, and each of the four sides has an identical façade and portico. Name this house near Vicenza [vee-CHEN-dzah], Italy, that has influenced many other buildings, including Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.

VILLA (LA) ROTONDA (Accept: VILLA CAPRA)

This instrument's lowest string is tuned to the C below middle C. It is the only instrument in the modern orchestra whose music is normally written in alto clef. Name this string instrument, whose pitch and size is in between the violin and the cello.

VIOLA(S)

It has four strings turned in perfect fifths, and its modern form developed in the 1500s. Identify the instrument that Antonio Stradivari is best known for making.

VIOLIN

This musical instrument's four strings are usually tuned to G-D-A-E. What instrument, held between the chin and shoulder, is Yitzhak Perlman known for playing? They were also famously made by Antonio Stradivari.

VIOLIN

With a soprano range, this musical instrument is the foundation of the orchestra. The first chair musician that plays this instrument in an orchestra is called the concert master.

VIOLIN

These laws were passed in the legislatures of two states in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. They were written anonymously by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. What title is given to these acts, which supported the authority of states to determine the validity of federal legislation?

VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS

This religious practice was extremely popular in Haiti and Louisiana at one point. What religion places emphasis on queens such as Marie Laveau instead of other deities?

VOODOO

This god of the forge was the son of Juno and Jupiter. According to the myths, he was so ugly as a baby that his mother Juno hurled him from the top of Mt. Olympus. Identify this Roman god with the Greek counterpart, Hephaestus.

VULCAN

This musical is set on the streets of New York City in the mid-1950s. It was composed by Leonard Bernstein with lyrics by Stephen Sondheim. Identify this work, a modern-day revival of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.

WEST SIDE STORY

The name of this river comes from a Miami word that means "water over white stones." It was part of the longest canal system in the U.S., linking Evansville, Indiana, with Lake Erie. What river that flows through Indiana shares its name with that of a fictional train?

WABASH (RIVER)

This dance originated in Austria and has variations that include a country style as well as formal ballroom. What dance has a Viennese variety that is danced in ballrooms in 3/4 time?

WALTZ

These Algonquian-speaking North American Indians were among the first to make contact with the Pilgims of Plymouth. Their chief, Massasoit [MAS-uh-soit], made a treaty with the Pilgrims, and assisted them in the early stages of their settlement. Identify this group, which was almost exterminated in a war with the Europeans, but still survive in the area.

WAMPANOAG [wahm-puh-NOH-ag]

This term was coined by John Randolph, a Virginia congressman staunchly opposed to armed conflict with Britain. Among others, it was applied to both John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Speaker of the House Henry Clay. Give this "avian" nickname for

WAR HAWKS

In law, this is an authorization in writing that empowers someone to perform an act. One such use of such an authorization is to take a person into custody and be charged with a crime. What do we call such an authorization, which may also be used to permit a search of person or property?

WARRANT

This city was originally one hundred square miles. The Potomac [puh-TOH-muck] runs through this city, which sits between Maryland and Virginia. What is the capital of the United States?

WASHINGTON (D.C.) (Accept: DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA)

At 555 feet, it is the tallest structure of its kind in the world. It suffered damage in a 2011 earthquake and hurricane. Identify the Washington, D.C., monument that has been under repair by the National Park Service, but is expected to reopen in 2014

WASHINGTON MONUMENT

This series of over 200 paintings is a set of depictions of the artist's garden. They are a culmination of a career spent developing the impressionist style. Name this series of works by Claude Monet [moh-NAY], whose subjects are a type of aquatic flow

WATER LILIES

In Bolivia the colors of the yarns chosen for this art process have particular meanings. What is this art process, that is often considered a craft, in which the artist uses a loom to construct his artwork?

WEAVING

This musical instrument was developed in antiquity and comes in a primitive variety that was made out of bone or wood. What instrument in the percussion family is played with mallets and resembles a keyboard?

XYLOPHONE

This color represents an elevated level of warning for Homeland Security. What color flag is used in football to indicate that a penalty has occurred on the field?

YELLOW

Multiple answer required. These three colors are those from which all colors of the color wheel are made. What colors are considered the primary colors?

YELLOW, RED, BLUE (in any order)

This is the oldest national park in the world. It lies mostly in northwest Wyoming, but also in pieces of Montana and Idaho. Name this national park, which includes a geyser (GUY-zer) named "Old Faithful."

YELLOWSTONE (NATIONAL PARK)

Before the destruction of the Jewish Temple, this was the only day on which its innermost sanctum could be entered. Taking place nine days after Rosh Hashana, the Jewish New Year, it is a day of solemn fasting. Name this most sacred day in Judaism, on

YOM KIPPUR [YAHM kip-POUR] (Accept: DAY OF ATONEMENT)

The creator of this computer game, Will Wright, refers to it as a "digital dollhouse." Identify this best-selling computer game of all time in which the focus is on the lives of virtual people and their daily activities.

[THE] SIMS