Karyotype

___ no. pairs are sex chromosomes, or _______.

1 gonosomes

___ pairs homologous chromosomes are known as _____.

22 autosomes

G-bands are rich in ____, (dark stained bands) - especially _______.

AT heterochromatin

What is the most widely used banding technique?

G-banding

C-banding

Giemsa stain binds to constitutive heterochromatin, so it stains centromeres

5 different types of banding:

Q G R C T

Who described the first human chromosomes? When?

Walter Flemming 1879

___&____ chromosomes differ in ____ and _____ content, so they are _______ chromosomes.

X Y chromosomes size genetic non-homologous

Karyotype is :

a pictorial or photographic representation of all the different chromosomes in a cell of an indiv.

Position of G-bands: Each ___ is first divided into ___ and then identified by ____.

arm regions bands

Chromosomes are identified by ____ _____.

banding pattern

C-banding: Darker bands are generally found near _____ or ____. Dark regions are _____ regions while light are ______ regions.

centromeres telomeres heterochromatic euchromatic

What does word chromosome mean? (Waldeyer)

chroma-color soma-body

Human somatic cells contain ____ no. chromosomes, ___ no. pairs. The members of the pairs are ______ chromosomes.

diploid 23 homologous

Q-banding

fluorescent pattern obtained using quinacrine for staining. Pattern of bands similar to G

Gametes contain ____ no. chromosomes. Ovum contains ___ autosomes and __ no. ___ chromosomes. Sperm contain ___ autosomes and __ / __ chromosomes

haploid 22 1 X 22 X or Y

According to centromere position, chromosomes are classified as: (4)

metacentric submetacentric acrocentric telocentric

mFISH- what is it?

muticolour fluorescence in situ hybridization uses fluorescently labelled hybridization bonds

G-banding

obtained by trypsin treatment of chromosomes followed by Giemsa stain. Yields series of lightly and darkly stained bands.

Arm ratios are produced depending on : Shorter arm is shown ____ centromere and is called ___ _____ Longer arm is shown ____ centromere and is called __ _____

position of centromere above p arm below q arm

In Q-banding (prod. Casperson (1970)), for chromosomal staining he used _____ and obtained specific fluorescent light bands on chromosomes known as _______ (___-rich regions)

quinacrine q-bands AT

R-banding

reverse to G-banding. R-bands are guanine-cytosine-rich regions

In addition to a centromere, there may also be a ____ constriction on chromosomes. Often the part of centromere located distally to 2ndary const. is called _____ ______. They contain ____ that help organize or form the ______. (______ ________)

secondary chromosomal satellite genes nucleolus nucleolar organizer

Criteria for chromosomal arr.: 1 2 3

size of chromosome (largest to smallest) position of centromere banding pattern

Chromosome size:

varies

T-banding

visualizes telomeres