KIN 224 Chapter 18

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days

120

The globulins make up about ________ percent of all plasma proteins.

37

How many globins (protein building blocks) are found in a single hemoglobin molecule?

4

Typically, an adult's body contains _______ of blood

5 liters

Plasma makes up about ______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood.

55

Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight?

92%

An individual's hematocrit would vary with?

All choices are correct (sex, altitude, age)

Fibrinolysis involves ________ of the fibrin framework, and it involves the protein _______.

Destruction, Plasmin

Platelets play a key role in _________, but if they are not used they are broken down after about ________ days.

Hemostasis, 9

Which clotting pathway involves the combining of thromboplastin (factor III) with factor VII and calcium?

The extrinsic pathway

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate?

The wrong blood type was used

Which are characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

a,b,e

The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the

albumins

During platelet plug formation, platelets begin to stick to

collagen with the assistance of von Willebrand factor.

The formation of a web-like polymer of fibrin occurs late in the ________ pathway.

common

Oxygen-poor blood is _________ in color

dark red

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will?

decrease

In many of the elderly, leukocytes appear to be?

decreased in number and less efficient

A malnourished person might have abnormally low levels of plasma proteins. As a result, colloid osmotic pressure

decreases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space.

As a platelet plug forms at an injury site, platelets become activated and their cytosol

degranulates as they release chemicals such as ADP and thromboxane A2.

The viscosity of blood is ________ proportional to the number of erythrocytes and _______ proportional to the amount of fluid

directly; indirectly

When blood is centrifuged and its components separate, the bottom of the tube holds the

erythrocytes

The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of

erythrocytes in the blood

The agglutinogens (or antigens) that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are

found on the surface of the erythrocytes

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called

hematopoiesis

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to

increase the viscosity of the blood

Beta-globulins transport ________, whereas gamma-globulins are ________.

iron ions; antibodies

Leukocytes are the _______ of the formed elements, and leukocytes have ______________.

largest, prominent nuclei

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the

liver and spleen

When blood oxygen is _____, erythropoietin is released, which ______ production of erythrocytes.

low; stimulates

The type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n)

neutrophil

What are the most numerous leukocytes?

neutrophils

Prostacyclin is an eicosanoid that acts as a?

platelet repellant

Glucose is a

polar molecule, and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma

Which of the following is a step within the common pathway of blood clotting?

promthrombin is activated to thrombin

When over 10% of the body's blood has been lost, a survival response occurs involving activation of the ________ nervous system.

sympathetic

A comparison of the clinical hematocrit and true hematocrit would indicate that

their values are very similar

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?

transportation

Which is going to result in significant agglutination?

Donor is type AB, recipient is type B

Sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate are all described as plasma?

Electrolytes

Which are characteristics of type O blood?

Has anti-A antibodies, Has anti-B antibodies, Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates the production of?

Monocytes from monoblasts

The growth factor that increases the formation of erythrocytes, all classes of granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets from myeloid stem cells is

Multi-CSF

hich events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important.) a: The heme group is converted into biliverdin. b: Bilirubin is placed in long-term storage in the liver. c: The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed. d: The iron ions are stored in the liver. e: The iron ions are stored in the red bone marrow. f: Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused. g: The erythrocyte contents, excluding the globins, are excreted unchanged via the digestive tract.

a,c,d,f

Between the fifth week and fifth month of development, the ___________ is the primary site of hematopoiesis. After birth, however, the ___________ is the main site for hematopoiesis.

liver; red bone marrow

Congenital hemolytic anemia is?

when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal.