KIN 224 Exam 2

Which action leads to the closure of the right atrioventricular valve? a. Contraction of the right atrium b. Contraction of the left atrium c. Contraction of the right ventricle d. Relaxation of the right ventricle e. Relaxation of the left atrium

Contraction of the right ventricle

Which of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae? a. Arterioles b. Elastic arteries c. Muscular arteries d. Elastic arteries and arterioles e. Elastic and muscular arteries

Muscular arteries

Which correctly describes the heart's apex? a. Projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body. b. Projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the right side of the body. c. Projects slightly posteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body. d. Projects slightly posteroinferiorly toward the midline of the body. e. Projects slightly posteroinferiorly toward the right side of the body.

Projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body.

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies? a. Transportation b. Protection c. Prevention d. Regulation

Protection

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones? a. Prevention b. Transportation c. Protection d. Regulation

Transportation

Which leukocytes are granulocytes? a: Neutrophils b: Eosinophils c: Lymphocytes d: Monocytes e: Basophils f: Erythrocytes 1. b, d, e 2. a, b, e 3. c, d 4. a, b, c 5. a, b, e, f

a, b, e

An autorhythmic heart cell is one in which a. action potentials always occur at exactly the same frequency. b. action potentials are initiated by the autonomic nervous system. c. all filaments contract and relax with a high degree of synchrony. d. action potentials fire spontaneoulsy. e. action potentials are stimulated by internal stores of acetylcholine.

action potentials fire spontaneoulsy.

According to the Frank-Starling law a. the greater the resistance from the arteries, the higher the blood pressure. b. the faster the heart rate, the larger the stroke volume. c. as the volume of blood entering the heart increases, ventricular contractions become more forceful. d. the more calcium available to the heart cell, the more forcefully it will contract.

as the volume of blood entering the heart increases, ventricular contractions become more forceful.

In an ECG, the P wave is generated when the a. atria repolarize. b. ventricles depolarize. c. atria depolarize. d. ventricles repolarize. e. Purkinje fibers initiate an impulse.

atria depolarize.

Systolic blood pressure is recorded a. in arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction. b. in veins and is the maximal pressure recorded during atrial contraction. c. in veins and is the minimum pressure recorded during atrial relaxation. d. in both arteries and veins and is the maximum pressure recorded during diastole of the heart. e. in arteries and is the minimum pressure that is recorded during ventricular relaxation.

in arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction.

A portal system a. is one in which multiple arteries converge on one organ or body region. b. is one in which circulation to a large organ involves only one artery and one main (portal)vein. c. is a simple circulatory system with an areriovenous anastomosis. d. includes a functional end artery that makes an arterial anastomosis. e. is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.

is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.

The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes a. lack a nucleus and organelles. b. are actually dead. c. are not red. d. have lots of inclusion molecules.

lack a nucleus and organelles.

Considering the bulk flow that occurs at capillary beds, the lymphatic system is needed to a. connect arterioles to venules and provide a shunt from the true capillaries. b. filter additional fluid to the interstitial fluid. c. reabsorb excess fluid from the interstitial fluid. d. regulate colloid osmotic pressure so that filtration levels do not decline.

reabsorb excess fluid from the interstitial fluid.

Circulation to the spleen demonstrates a(n) a. anastomosis, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ. b. simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ. c. simple pathway, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein. d. anastomosis, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.

simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

The velocity of blood flow through capillaries is a. slow, due to small total cross-sectional area, low friction and high pressure. b. rapid, which prevents pooling in lower extremeties. c. slow, which allows sufficient time for exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues. d. rapid, due to their small total cross sectional area.

slow, which allows sufficient time for exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues.

The metabolic pathways of cardiac muscle make it a. somewhat susceptible to heart attack, because it relies so exclusively on aerobic metabolism. b. somewhat susceptible to heart attack, because it has so few mitochondria. c. relatively resistant to heart attack, because it uses exclusively anaerobic metabolism. d. relatively resistant to heart attack, because it has a great capacity to accrue oxygen debt. e. extremely susceptible to heart attack, because it uses such a variety of fuel sources.

somewhat susceptible to heart attack, because it relies so exclusively on aerobic metabolism.

How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin? a. 2 b. 16 c. 6 d. 8 e. 4

4

Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax? a. Left atrioventricular valve b. Aortic semilunar valve c. Right atrioventricular valve d. Pulmonary semilunar valve e. None of the choices is correct.

Aortic semilunar valve

Which is going to result in significant agglutination? a. Donor is type B, recipient has antibody anti-A b. Donor is type A, recipient has antibody anti-B c. Donor is type A, recipient is type AB d. Donor is type O, recipient is Type O e. Donor is type AB, recipient is type B

Donor is type AB, recipient is type B

Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood? a. Left atrium and right atrium b. Left ventricle and right ventricle c. Left atrium and left ventricle d. Right atrium and left ventricle e. Right atrium and right ventricle

Right atrium and right ventricle

What are the characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes 1. c 2. b, c, e 3. b, c, d 4. a, b, c 5. a, b, e

a, b, e

Which of the following vessel types typically has the thickest tunica media? a. veins b. Capillaries c. arteries

arteries

Which are characteristic of leukocytes? a: Smaller than erythrocytes b: Have a nucleus c: Have no hemoglobin d: More numerous than erythrocytes e: Depending on the type, may or may not contain granules 1. a, b, c, d, e 2. a, b, c, d 3. a, b, e 4. b, c, e 5. b, c, d, e

b, c, e

Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped a. by both ventricles in one minute. b. by both ventricles in one hour. c. by a single ventricle in one minute. d. by a single ventricle in one hour. e. by the left ventricle into the aorta in one beat.

by a single ventricle in one minute.

High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate a. baroreceptors to activate the vasomotor center. b. baroreceptors to activate the cardioinhibitory center and inhibit the cardioacceleratory center. c. chemoreceptors to inhibit the vasomotor center. d. chemoreceptors to activate the vasomotor center. e. baroreceptors and chemoreceptors to activate the cardioinhibitory center and inhibit the vasomotor center.

chemoreceptors to activate the vasomotor center.

The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the a. brachiocephalic artery. b. subclavian arteries. c. common iliac arteries. d. common carotid arteries. e. None of these answers is correct.

common iliac arteries.

The atria are separated from the ventricles externally by the a. anterior interventricular sulcus. b. posterior interventricular sulcus. c. sinoventricular sulcus. d. coronary sulcus. e. None of the choices is correct.

coronary sulcus.

Sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate are all described as plasma a. formed elements. b. solvents. c. electrolytes. d. nutrients. e. proteins.

electrolytes.

The most numerous of the formed elements are the a. albumins. b. platelets c. neutrophils. d. erythrocytes. e. basophils.

erythrocytes.

The vessels that supply the lower limbs are the a. vertebral arteries. b. external iliac arteries. c. common carotids. d. internal iliac arteries. e. subclavian arteries

external iliac arteries.

The membrane of a contractile cardiac muscle cell contains a. slow voltage-gated sodium channels and slow voltage-gated calcium channels. b. fast voltage-gated sodium channels and fast voltage-gated calcium channels. c. slow voltage-gated sodium channels and fast voltage-gated calcium channels. d. fast voltage-gated sodium channels and slow voltage-gated calcium channels.

fast voltage-gated sodium channels and slow voltage-gated calcium channels.

The atrioventricular (AV) node is located in the a. back wall of the left ventricle. b. roof of the left ventricle. c. floor of the left atrium. d. floor of the right atrium. e. back wall of the right ventricle.

floor of the right atrium.

As an arterial pathway moves farther from the heart, the arteries a. show no change in their lumen size. b. get smaller. c. get larger.

get smaller.

Cardiac output equals the a. cardiac reserve minus the stroke volume. b. blood pressure multiplied by heart rate. c. end diastolic volume minus end systolic volume. d. stroke volume divided by heart rate. e. heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.

heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called a. leukocytosis. b. leukopenia. c. erythroblastosis. d. hematopoiesis. e. agglutination.

hematopoiesis.

The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel a. is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein. b. is greater during diastole. c. is called the blood pressure. d. is called the pulse. e. increases the further the vessel is from the heart.

is called the blood pressure.

Leukocytes are the _______ of the formed elements, and leukocytes have ______________. a. smallest, no nucleus b. smallest, prominent nuclei c. largest, prominent nuclei d. largest, no nucleus

largest, prominent nuclei

The branch of the external carotid that is responsible for supplying the teeth, gums, nasal cavity, and meninges is the _____ artery. a. occipital b. maxillary c. jugular

maxillary

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the a. pectinate muscle. b. pericardium. c. endocardium. d. pericardial cavity. e. myocardium.

myocardium.

The type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n) a. eosinophil. b. lymphocyte c. basophil. d. neutrophil.

neutrophil.

Aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide have ________ effects on blood pressure. a. opposite b. similar

opposite

The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein when it a. passes above the tenth thoracic vertebra. b. passes above the inguinal ligament. c. merges with the internal iliac vein. d. merges with the popliteal vein.

passes above the inguinal ligament.

The heart valves a. separate the right and left sides of the heart. b. stabilize and hold the arteries leaving the heart. c. are only used in the fetal heart. d. permit the passage of blood in one direction. e. direct the conduction impulse through the heart muscle.

permit the passage of blood in one direction.

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate a. there were no agglutinins (antibodies) in the recipient's blood. b. the wrong blood type was used. c. the recipient had type AB blood. d. the donor had type O blood.

the wrong blood type was used.

Blood is correctly classified as a(n) a. organ system b. tissue c. organ d. intracellular fluid.

tissue

The internal wall surface of each ventricle displays large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges called a. atrioventricular opening. b. pectinate muscles. c. conus arteriosus. d. tendinous cords. e. trabeculae carneae.

trabeculae carneae.

In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the a. tunica externa. b. tunica media. c. tunica intima. d. tunica adventitia. e. None of the answers are correct because all the layers are of the same dimension.

tunica media.

To compensate for significant blood loss, the autonomic nervous system triggers a. vasoconstriction and a decrease in heart rate. b. vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate. c. vasodilation and a decrease in heart rate. d. vasodilation and an increase in heart rate.Incorrect

vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate.

Congenital hemolytic anemia is a. characterized by a large number of immature, nucleated cells. b. when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal. c. characterized by significantly decreased formation of erythrocytes and hemoglobin due to defective red bone marrow. d. when there is an inherited anemia associated with a defect in iron uptake. e. caused by a failure of the body to absorb Vitamin B12.

when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal.