KIN 389 Test #1

The literature review for a proposal should be extensive and lengthy so as best to explain the topic. True or False

False

Which type of variable is investigated as being a cause in a cause-effect relationship? a. Independent b. Dependent c. Extraneous d. Control e. Confounding

Independent

Which of the following is not true regarding plagiarism? a. It involves the use of someone else's ideas or words as if they were your own. b. It applies to materials copied from Internet sources as well as printed sources. c. It applies to well-known, commonly discussed concepts. d. Placing borrowed materials in quotation marks and citing the source helps avoid plagiarism. e. Plagiarism can result in penalties ranging up to expulsion from an academic institution.

It applies to well-known, commonly discussed concepts.

Which of the following is not true of good research writing? a. It is grammatically correct. b. It is well organized. c. It involves a logical flow of thoughts. d. It usually requires very long, complex sentences. e. It "tells a story."

It usually requires very long, complex sentences.

In the text of a research paper, which of the following are appropriately used to identify researchers who have published studies? a.Last names only b. First and last names c. First names, middle initials, and last names d. First and middle initials and last names e. This is up to the writer's discretion.

Last names only

A research journal publishes original research papers and/or review papers. True or False

True

Subscription-based online search engines include ScienceDirect, Ovid, and the Web of Science. True or False

True

Which of the following is true of experimental research designs? a. A single participant is observed and followed in detail over time. b. A small sample of participants is interviewed. c. A basic description of outcomes are provides. d. A cause-effect relationship is established. e. A correlational relationship is established.

A cause-effect relationship is established.

Which of the following is the best definition of research? a. Finding facts related to an important topic b. Work conducted by scientists in lab coats c. A compilation of detailed information known about a topic of interest d. A structured process for solving problems or answering questions e. Using common sense to clarify the unknown

A structured process for solving problems or answering questions

Let's assume there are no previous research studies that examine how physical activity influences social interactions. Which type of research may be best to start with in order to provide an initial snapshot in time of these behaviors in a group of children? a. Basic descriptive b. Case studies c. Interviews d. Surveys e. Experimental

Basic descriptive

Which of the following is not a function of a reviewer of papers for a journal? a. Correcting any grammatical errors b. Improving the clarity of the writing c. Recommending modification of the statistical methods d. Recommending substantive changes in the content of a paper e. Commenting on the suitability of the paper for the journal

Correcting any grammatical errors

Which type of research design may be most appropriate as an initial step to determine the relationships among height, weight, body mass index, and physical activity? a. Experimental b. Correlational c. Case study d. Semi-structured interview e. Structured interview

Correlational

Which of the following is not typically found in a methods section? a. Description of the participants b. Description of the rationale c. Description of the research protocol d. Description of the research apparatus and/or instruments e. Description of the statistical analysis

Description of the rationale

Research conducted to document the characteristics of a group is termed _________.

Descriptive

Which of the following is reference management software? a. ScienceDirect b. Physical Education Index c. The Web of Science d. Ovid e. EndNote

EndNote

Which of the following types of research is conducted expressly to confirm or refute cause-effect relationships? a. Qualitative research b. Translational research c .Mixed methods research d .Descriptive research e. Experimental research

Experimental research

Which type of validity represents the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized? a. Internal b. External c. Construct d. Face e. Curriculum-related

External

A cause-effect relationship can be established from one epidemiological research study. True or False

False

A good introductory rationale for a proposal begins with a detailed discussion of the related literature. True or False

False

A historian's synthesis of documented evidence about an event is an example of a primary source of historical research. True or False

False

A literature review is one form of an original research paper. True or False

False

A recent research study found a strong positive association between body mass index and the amount of time spent in sedentary behavior. This indicates a cause-effect relationship. True or False

False

According to the Hawthorne effect, participants perform more poorly when they are being observed due to nervousness. True or False

False

Basic and applied research constitute two independent categories. True or False

False

Because research papers are often peer reviewed prior to publication, you can be confident that they contain no errors or misstatements. True or False

False

Correlational research is a form of experimental research. True or False

False

Correlational research manipulates at least one independent variable to determine the effect on at least one dependent variable. True or False

False

Experimental research designs are more important, reliable, and valid compared to descriptive research designs. True or False

False

Good research writing employs detailed, technical jargon. True and False

False

In good research writing, each paragraph must be distinct, with no reference to the previous paragraph. True or False

False

In good research, writing longer sentences is typically preferred over shorter ones. True or False

False

Independent variables are the quantities being directly measured in a given study. True or False

False

It is not considered plagiarism if the act is unintentional. True or False

False

Like quantitative research, good qualitative research relies on random selection of participants. True or False

False

Qualitative research begins with the formation of concrete hypotheses that the collection of data either confirms or denies. True or False

False

Researchers intervene or manipulate at least one independent variable in descriptive research designs. True or False

False

Surveys, questionnaires, and interviews are all qualitative research techniques. False

False

The informed consent form should be written using precise, technical terminology for best accuracy. True or False

False

The methods section of a research paper begins with a clear statement of the purpose of the study. True or False

False

The most compelling rationale for a research proposal is that the topic has never been studied before. True or False

False

The professor supervising a student's research is always the first author on any resulting research papers. True or False

False

The variable that is measured is called the independent variable. True or False

False

Which of the following is not part of informed consent? a. Description of risks or discomforts to the participants b. Description of any benefits to the participants c. Statement that participation is voluntary d. Explanation of whom to contact with any questions or concerns e. Guarantee of insurance coverage from HIPPA

Guarantee of insurance coverage from HIPPA

An educated guess as to the outcome of a study is known as the research

Hypothesis

Which of the following statements is true? a. Participants in a research study must receive monetary compensation. b. Participants do not need to be informed of all of the risks involved with participating in a study. c. It is acceptable for there to be a serious risk to participants so long as there are compensatory benefits. d. If risks to participants cannot be well managed, a study is not likely to be approved by the IRB. e. If participants are prison inmates they do not have the right of informed consent.

If risks to participants cannot be well managed, a study is not likely to be approved by the IRB.

Which of the following is typically used to gain much more specific information from only a few research participants and consists of open-ended questions? a. Surveys b. Questionnaires c. Interviews d. Medical records e. Background checks

Interviews

Which of the following is true of the scientific method? a. It is synonymous with research. b. It is always a long and complicated process. c. It is a structured, orderly process for conducting a research study. d. It was originally proposed by Aristotle. e. Only scientists in fields like biology and chemistry use it.

It is a structured, orderly process for conducting a research study.

Which of the following are characteristic of internal validity? a. It reflects the degree to which changes in the dependent variable(s) are caused by the independent variable(s). b. It is the extent to which the results of the study can be generalized. c. It increases when there are more participants in the study. d. It increases when the study participants are good representatives of the population. e. It cannot be influenced by the researchers.

It reflects the degree to which changes in the dependent variable(s) are caused by the independent variable(s).

Which of the following is not a common editorial style? a. National Library of Science b. National Library of Medicine c. American Psychological Association d. Chicago e. Harvard

National Library of Science

Which of the following statements is true regarding internal and external validity? a. No study design can optimize both internal and external validity. b. Controlling measurement error is the key to good external validity. c. Internal and external validity represent opposite ends of a spectrum. d. Internal validity is always more important than external validity. e. Having participants who are good representatives of a population is the key to strong internal validity.

No study design can optimize both internal and external validity.

___________ is a sentence structure in which all clauses in the sentence are stated in the same way.

Parallelism

Which of the following statements regarding authorship on a research paper is true? a. The person who did most of the work is always the first author. b. The professor supervising the research is always the last author. c. Statistical consultants on the project should always be listed as authors. d. Everyone with any involvement in the project should be listed as an author. e. Since there are no rules for authorship, this should be discussed.

Since there are no rules for authorship, this should be discussed.

Which of the following is not necessary for establishing a cause-effect relationship? a. There is a strong correlation between the cause and the effect. b. The cause precedes the effect. c. The cause almost always produces the effect. d. There is not a viable alternative explanation for the effect. e. The cause and effect are both independent variables.

The cause and effect are both independent variables.

Which of the following statements is true regarding experimental research designs? a. It is always important to include as many participants as possible. b. Pre-experimental designs are stronger than true experimental designs. c. The posttest-only design is the same as the static group comparison, only with random assignment of participants to groups. d. All designs with four groups of participants are known as Solomon Four. e. True experimental designs must include a control group.

The posttest-only design is the same as the static group comparison, only with random assignment of participants to groups.

When writing a research proposal, which of the following should be written first? a. The problem statement b. The abstract c. The introduction d. The methods e. The projected results

The problem statement

Which of the following is not likely to be included in a good research problem statement? a. The independent variables b. The dependent variables c. The statistical methods d. The population being studied (when important) e. Wording that suggests whether an effect, difference, or relationship is being investigated

The statistical methods

Which of the following is regulated by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)? a. The ways in which protected health information can be stored and utilized b. The protection of research participants c. The provision of optional health insurance to research participants d. The insurance coverage of researchers e. The insurance coverage of research institutions

The ways in which protected health information can be stored and utilized

Which of the following are not governed by the editorial style of a journal? - a. The format of the reference list b. The formatting of reference citations within the text c. The subtitles of the section headings within the paper d. The formatting of the figures and tables e. The words chosen by the authors in writing the paper

The words chosen by the authors in writing the paper

When numerous studies confirm a cause-effect relationship it becomes a _________.

Theory

Which of the following is true of journal impact factors? a. They reflect the average number of journal citations over a five-year period. b. They do not include journals in kinesiology and the health sciences. c. They are lower for more highly specialized journals. d. They are the sole indicator of journal quality. e. They remain constant from year to year.

They are lower for more highly specialized journals.

Which of the following is least likely to yield good ideas for a research proposal? a. Talking with faculty doing research related to your area of interest b. Talking with other students doing research related to your area of interest c. Reading the related research literature d. Thinking deeply on your own e. Listening to related research presentations at conferences

Thinking deeply on your own

Which of the following is not a potential use for a pilot study? a. To determine which dependent variables should be measured b. To determine how many participants will need to be included c. To determine how long it will take to test each participant d. To become proficient with the data collection procedures e. To draw final conclusions for the study

To draw final conclusions for the study

Which of the following is not a purpose for a student to write a literature review? a. To ensure that a proposed study has not already been conducted and published b. To explain where there is a gap in what is known about a topic c. To present a statistical analysis of data d. To demonstrate that the approach, procedure, or instrumentation is viable since others have used it before e. To acquire a solid understanding of the literature related to a topic

To present a statistical analysis of data

Which if the following is not a potential purpose for a published literature review? - a. To present a particular perspective on a subject b. To inform readers about important recent discoveries c. To present opposing views on a subject d. To foster appreciation for the historical development of a line of research e. To present the findings of an original research study

To present the findings of an original research study

Which of the following terms is specific to studies in which a finding from basic research is first investigated in humans? a. Qualitative research b. Translational research c. Mixed methods research d. Descriptive research e. Experimental research

Translational research

A magazine article published in 2010 that describes the sociocultural implications of the 1936 Olympics is an example of a secondary source of historical research. True or False

True

An example of deductive reasoning includes starting with a scientific theory in mind and designing and executing a research study that will either support or refute the theory. True/False

True

Composing an outline prior to writing is a wise practice in research writing. True or False

True

Experimental studies are often based on the initial results of correlational research and aim to test specific hypotheses. True/False

True

External validity determines the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to the population the participants represent. True or False

True

It is important to carefully consider the words chosen to write survey questions because the way in which questions are phrased can have a great impact on how questions are answered. True or False

True

It is not unusual for participants, settings, and research questions to be added during the course of a qualitative study. True or False

True

Mixed methods research involves both qualitative and quantitative methods. True or false

True

Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient is usually represented simply as r. True/False

True

Plagiarism is the act of presenting a piece of writing, a drawing, or an idea that originated with someone else as if it had originated with you. True or False

True

Proofreading a written assignment should always be considered an important part of completing the assignment. True or False

True

Qualitative research typically requires spending long periods in the setting under study. True or False

True

Qualitative research typically requires spending long periods in the setting under study. True/False

True

Reporting of supporting pilot data dramatically strengthens a research proposal. True or False

True

Sports Medicine is an example of a journal that publishes only literature reviews. True or False

True

The baseline phase is very important in single subject design research. True or False

True

The findings of a qualitative study are influenced by the background and personal experiences of the researcher. True or False

True

The process of deductive reasoning involves deriving a conclusion from two or more premises. True or False

True

The stronger the correlation between variables, the better the ability of a researcher to predict future outcomes. True or False

True

The stronger the correlation between variables, the better the ability of a researcher to predict future outcomes. True/False

True

Two purposes of a research proposal are to provide an action plan for the work and to serve as a contract between the researchers and those who approved the proposal. True or False

True

When there is good internal validity the researchers have carefully planned to control extraneous factors. True or False

True

With ex post facto designs, the independent variable is not controlled by the researchers. True or False

True

Which of the following is not advocated by the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals? a. Use of appropriate species, quality, and number of animals b. Use of appropriate sedation, analgesia, or anesthesia c. Use of established guidelines for the purchasing of laboratory animals d. Avoidance or minimization of discomfort, distress, and pain e. Conduct of experiments only by or under the close supervision of qualified and experienced persons

Use of established guidelines for the purchasing of laboratory animals

Which of the following is a descriptive research design? a. Case study b. Cohort c. Case control d. Randomized controlled study e. Meta-analysis

a. Case study

Which type of research does not involve any sort of data collection or statistical analyses, but rather uses inductive or deductive reasoning to develop a set of principles? a. Philosophical b. Historical c. Randomized controlled study d. Single-subject research design e. Cross-sectional descriptive epidemiology

a. Philosophical

What is the first step in analyzing qualitative data? a. Writing field notes b. Open coding c. Axial coding d. Longitudinal coding e. Selective coding

a. Writing field notes

Which of the following is an experimental research design? a. Case study b. Single subject c. Historical d. Cross-sectional descriptive epidemiology e. Cohort

a. single subject

Which type of research design includes a baseline, intervention, and withdrawal phase that typically includes repeated assessments throughout each phase? a .Cohort b. Reversal c .Descriptive d. Cross-sectional e. Case study

b. Reversal

Which research design would be best suited to answer the following research question: How have multimillion dollar television contracts for premiere college football teams influenced recruiting practices throughout the Bowl Championship Series era? a. Descriptive b. Randomized controlled study c .Historical d .Philosophical e .Case control

c .Historical

Which of the following is not a characteristic of qualitative research? a. It is typically conducted in natural settings. b. A single study often involves more than one data collection method. c .It involves complex settings of daily living. d. Once established, the research design remains constant. e. The primary emphasis is on interpretation of the participant experiences under study.

d. Once established, the research design remains constant.

Which form of qualitative data coding is used to verify themes that have been identified? a. Open coding b. Axial coding c. Longitudinal coding d. Selective coding e. Nonselective coding

d. Selective coding

A National Health Survey measured 10,000 elementary school students in grades 1-5 on multiple variables including standardized test scores, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. This example is best described as which type of research design a. Historical b. Cohort c. Randomized controlled study d. Case control e. Cross-sectional descriptive epidemiology

e. Cross-sectional descriptive epidemiology

Which of the following qualitative research traditions is considered a form of critical inquiry? a. Ethnography b. Narrative inquiry c. Phenomenology d .Heuristic inquiry e. Orientational inquiry

e. Orientational inquiry

Which of the following is not a source of data in qualitative research? a. The setting or context b. The perspectives of the participants c. Written documents d. Photographs e. Tables of numbers

e. Tables of numbers